CN1684347A - Long travel moving iron DC linear motor - Google Patents
Long travel moving iron DC linear motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1684347A CN1684347A CN 200410034563 CN200410034563A CN1684347A CN 1684347 A CN1684347 A CN 1684347A CN 200410034563 CN200410034563 CN 200410034563 CN 200410034563 A CN200410034563 A CN 200410034563A CN 1684347 A CN1684347 A CN 1684347A
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Abstract
This invention relates to long stroke moving-iron DC motor, in which, the runner is made up of magnet, several sections of windings are winded sequent to be aligned in long stator with multiple windings to be controlled by the step sequence current switch with a special control circuit to solve the problem of low power and low efficiency of the moving-iron DC line motor in long strokes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the linear electric motors field, especially moving iron DC linear electric motor field.
Background technology
The moving iron DC linear electric motor does not need to movable mover power supply (also claiming passive mover) because of it, demonstrates its superiority in some special occasions utilization.The patent No. be 96246157.1 and the patent No. be utility model patent, the patent No. of 96246158.X be 00214402.6 and the patent No. be that 01244185.6 utility model patent has all proposed to adopt galvanic moving iron linear electric motors design respectively.Though but these designs belong to moving iron, movable body all is a mandrel, can not satisfy the needs of some applications.Consult the patent application of China during the January 10 one nine eight five on April 1, to 2004, there is no stator interior, passive mover outside or the moving iron DC linear electric motor design of mover outside partly being exposed to open.By " linear electric motors principle and application " book that Ye Yunyue writes, Chinese China Machine Press publishes, the 146th page of DC linear electric motor of having set forth a kind of closed magnetic circuit and open-flux path in to 156 pages.Relate in the book and discussed in mover stroke not oversize (about 250 millimeters), the principle of the moving iron DC linear electric motor when a stator coil winding, two face type moving magnets are arranged.In the book closed magnetic circuit design trial curve analysis and comparison have been done with half-open magnetic circuit (promptly keep the magnetic circuit parallel with stator coil, cast out the magnetic circuit at stator coil two ends).In the curve that test data from book is drawn, the problem that this as can be seen motor exists, that is exactly: even under the not oversize situation of mover effective travel, exerting oneself of mover is also very inhomogeneous.When mover arrived the coil middle part, exerting oneself on the mover was very little, but half-open magnetic circuit type is more much better than closed magnetic circuit type.In fact, even in the above-mentioned design of half-open magnetic circuit,, only design the current-carrying coil of simplex winding and just must grow if the mover stroke that requires is longer.When the less mover of axial dimension arrives so long current-carrying coil middle part, exerting oneself of mover will be close to zero.This conclusion is based on following Several Analysis: 1, according to the Gauss theorem in magnetic field as can be known, pass the summation that current-carrying coil enters the effective flux Φ y of wound stator iron core through the permanent magnetism mover, equal to return through the wound stator iron core summation of the magnetic flux phi f of mover.Though it is very complicated 2, to return the distribution of magnetic flux, but certainly: in the open-flux path design, all return magnetic flux along whole wound stator surface, if the magnetic flux that returns through the current-carrying coil surface is Φ e, when very long and permanent magnetism mover is near the coil middle part when wound stator, can think that nearly all magnetic flux Φ f that returns returns through the current-carrying coil on whole wound stator surface, so Φ f is approximately equal to Φ e.3, on the current-carrying coil surface, the direction of returning magnetic flux is opposite with the direction of useful flux.Very long and permanent magnetism mover is under near the coil middle part the situation at above-mentioned wound stator, is close to zero into and out of the magnetic flux vector sum on whole stator current-carrying coil surface.In this example, magnetic induction B vector is vertical with current-carrying coil current element vector idL, so as can be known according to electromagnetism philosophy (Ampere's law), and being close to zero with joint efforts of the suffered Ampere force of whole winding this moment.Because of stator is kinetoplast not, actual movable body is a mover, and the power that the magnetic mover is subjected to is actually the reaction force of Ampere force.So it is long when effective stroke, when current-carrying coil is longer, radially with the permanent magnetism mover of vertically all lacking (comparing) with loop length near coil when middle part itself suffered electromagnetic force will drop to very little, therefore may externally stop acting (dead point of exerting oneself promptly occurring), near the efficient of the linear motor rotor coil middle part will sharply descend, even may be zero.Current-carrying coil is long more, the iron core permeability is low more, area of section is more little, the mover magnet is short more, and this phenomenon is just serious more.
Therefore, the linear electric motors of the stator simplex winding coil of being introduced in above-mentioned " linear electric motors principle and application " book can only be the linear electric motors of short stroke.Even in miniaturization (the iron core cross-sectional area the is less) linear electric motors than short stroke, this efficiency of motor also is very poor.How to improve the efficient of this linear electric motors, when making ratio when effective stroke and the maximum dimension of moving magnet very big (for example more than ten times), motor still can operate as normal, and keeps higher efficient, is the problem that this moving iron linear electric motors need solve.
The present invention just is being based on and is overcoming the above problems and propose the design of a kind of long stroke, high efficiency moving iron DC linear electric motor, that is: when the needs mover moves, only allowing becomes current-carrying coil near that part of winding around the mover magnet, simultaneously current-carrying coil also can adopt under controlled the stepping mode to move in proper order that (itself does not move coil, the order the servo-actuated one by one but ordinal position of current-carrying coil that is connected with direct current is controlled), thus make the also accompany movement of magnetic mover of linear electric motors.The long route problem and the efficiency of this moving-iron type DC linear electric motor have so just been solved simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is achieved in that the stator winding (3) on the stator core (2) is that stator core (2) and stator winding (3) are main part formation many windings long stator (1) jointly by a then sequence arrangement (comprise and can take to overlap arrangements in twos) of (4) one of at least two sections plurality of segments windings.Each segmentation winding (4) is all drawn the wire head of its end winding, the conductor wire end of the same name of every section winding is all received on the common port (12), deliver to the segmentation winding sequencing circuit (10) of linear electric motors together with the other end of every section winding through cable, allow this control circuit come these lead-out wires are controlled.The characteristics one of this control are to put upside down the sense of current that enters each segmentation winding (4) according to direction of motion needs, the 2nd, can carry out step-type sequence of currents switching and control according to the order of coil segment present position.Promptly always allow the coil segment of permanent magnetism mover (5) present position and a coil segment of preceding line direction switch on, and allow the coil segment that drops to permanent magnetism mover back at the volley cut off the power supply.So just shortened the axial dimension that in fact current-carrying coil that electric current passes through is arranged, made the axial dimension of current-carrying coil approach the axial dimension of permanent magnetism mover (5).So the magnetic flux that enters the current-carrying coil surface by permanent magnetism mover (5) just will pass the magnetic flux on current-carrying coil surface when returning, promptly will be much larger than zero by the flux vectors sum of current-carrying coil, therefore the suffered power of permanent magnetism mover (5) (equal making a concerted effort of the suffered Ampere force of coil and direction is opposite) is all comparatively even in whole effective travel, and its efficient also just is greatly improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, can infinitely prolong the effective travel of mover in theory, also can design the ratio of the maximum dimension of the effective travel of mover and mover very greatly (can accomplish) in the middle of the reality much larger than 10.2, efficient can be higher in whole effective travel for its mover.3, mover is in operation, and not exert oneself be zero dead unit problem.4, can be according to actual needs and flexible design is moving, the relative position of stator, both can be designed to external stator, interior mover formula, can be designed to internal stator, outer mover formula again.5, can partly or entirely save secondary stator under certain condition, thereby become opening formula mover, to adapt to the needs of some reality.6, from present technology, because of alternating current is easy to become direct current through rectification, and that dc inverter is stable alternating current is also remarkable.Because the present invention itself needs with direct current (only need change the sense of current when the direction of motion is put upside down), therefore only needing increases rectification circuit at power pack, just can be used on the ac power supply line, becomes the universal linear electric motors of brushless, no cable.
Description of drawings
Describe with regard to structural feature of the present invention below.
Fig. 1 is the theory structure profile of a kind of " internal stator, outer mover " of the present invention formula design, also is the structure vertical section schematic diagram of embodiment one.
Fig. 2 is the pipe shape mover structural representation among the embodiment one.
Fig. 3 is the control principle figure of the coil grading winding sequencing circuit (10) of the long stroke DC linear electric motor among the present invention.This example is only for adopting an embodiment of electromagnetic relay control.The drive circuit of the relay coil among the figure is an electronic circuit, and this figure only shows the control principle figure that wherein relay output contact imposes on the linear motor coil section.
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional configuration schematic diagram of a kind of " external stator, interior mover " of the present invention formula design.
Numbering explanation among each figure: many windings long stator (1); The stator core (2) that ferromagnetic material is made; Stator winding (3); Segmentation winding (4); Permanent magnetism mover (5); Mover firmware (6); Stator sheath (7); The permanent magnet pole N utmost point (N); The permanent magnet pole S utmost point (S).
Numbering supplementary notes in the accompanying drawing 3: coil grading winding sequencing circuit (10); Coil segment numbering n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, n7, n8 (annotate: they only represent a part of stator coil section); Coil segment common terminal (12); Dc power anode V+; Dc power cathode V-; Magnetic pole arctic N; Magnetic pole South Pole S; Up direction relay normally open contact (Js); Down direction relay normally open contact (Jx); Be numbered the coil segment control relay normally opened contact (J1) of n1; Be numbered the coil segment control relay normally opened contact (J2) of n2; Be numbered the coil segment control relay normally opened contact (J3) of n3; Be numbered the coil segment control relay normally opened contact (J4) of n4; Be numbered the coil segment control relay normally opened contact (J5) of n5; Be numbered the coil segment control relay normally opened contact (J6) of n6; Be numbered the coil segment control relay normally opened contact (J7) of n7; Be numbered the coil segment control relay normally opened contact (J8) of n8; All the other are numbered rule with this and analogize (not shown).
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment is that a kind of " internal stator, outer mover " formula opening type long-stator linear motor designs an example.Fig. 1 is the linear electric motors profile of this employing closed circle tubulose permanent magnetism mover, and Fig. 2 is the closed circle tubulose mover structural representation that it is joined, and Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the segmentation winding sequencing circuit (10) of coil.
Inner core at many windings long stator (1) is the bar-shaped soft magnetic material cylinder of a length core (2) that section is rounded, its outside connects one section ground for one section and is closely overlapping multistage coil windings (3), each segmentation winding (4) of coil windings (3) all has two end leads, one in each segmentation winding end of the same name lead-in wire is connected together forms segmentation winding common terminal (12), and draws from the end of long stator (1) together with the other end lead-in wire of each segmentation winding.The outside of stator winding (3) is the thin and ganoid stator sheath of one deck (7), and its material can be nonmagnetic substances such as plastics, plastic cement, nylon, aluminium alloy.Above general structure has just constituted many windings long stator (1).Permanent magnetism mover (5) adopts round tube shape structure, and the rare-earth Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetism that preferably adopts overall radial to magnetize also can be to be formed by several radially identical watt shape permanent magnet combinations of magnetizing.The permanent magnetism mover that adopts three watts of shape permanent magnet combinations to form that is shown in Figure 2, its inner surface is the magnetic pole S utmost point, outer surface is the magnetic pole N utmost point (if put upside down magnetic pole, then the mover direction of motion will be opposite with this example).Cathetus electric machine controller of the present invention has a specific function, promptly can " implement the control and the sequence of currents switching controls step-type piecemeal to its enforcement, that carry out according to each segmentation winding position order of the sense of current to each segmentation winding (4) ", this principle can be described as follows referring to Fig. 3:
If permanent magnetism mover (5) present position is at the n4 number medium position with the n5 coil.If desire makes it up, then can make the up relay J s adhesive (Jx is for discharging attitude simultaneously) in the controller, with seasonal coil relay J4 and J5 adhesive.The current-carrying coil of this moment is n4 number and n5 coil.When permanent magnetism mover (5) leaves the n4 coil because of the reaction force that is subjected to Ampere force is up, make relay J 6 adhesives and make relay J 4 discharge, n4 coil blackout then, the n6 coil becomes current-carrying coil.So permanent magnetism mover (5) continues to be up to when leaving the n5 coil, make relay J 7 adhesives again and make relay J 5 discharge ...So can allow permanent magnetism mover (5) move to up terminal always.Otherwise, if this moment, desire made it descending, then can make the descending relay J x adhesive (Js is for discharging attitude simultaneously) of control circuit, if again with seasonal coil relay J5 and J4 adhesive, put upside down the sense of current of coil this moment because of the adhesive of Jx, thereby put upside down the force direction that is subjected to of mover, then permanent magnetism mover (5) will be to descending.When permanent magnetism mover (5) because of descending when leaving the n5 coil, make relay J 3 adhesives and make relay J 5 discharge, n5 coil blackout then, the n3 coil becomes current-carrying coil.So permanent magnetism mover (5) continues to go downwards to when leaving the n4 coil, make relay J 2 adhesives again and make relay J 4 discharge ...So can allow magnetic mover (5) move to descending terminal always.
As above-mentioned, to implement stepping according to the sequence of positions of each sectional coil winding and switch, the energising of each total maintenance two adjacent lines circle sections becomes current-carrying coil.In fact can design the several adjacent coil segments of needs according to factors such as the length of sectional coil and mover magnet, control precisions is the current-carrying coil section, can be one, two, or three, four even a plurality of.Within the specific limits, the length of the many more and current-carrying coil of coil segment quantity is more near the length of permanent magnetism mover, and then control precision is high more.And the stepping rate of current-carrying coil is fast more, and the movement velocity of mover (5) is also just fast more.Each coil relay also can adopt electronic switch to replace.For example can adopt the box-like two-way type solid-state relay of optocoupler to replace the coil relay (J1 to J8 among Fig. 3) of electromagnetic type.The step sequence switching signal of coil relay, both can take better simply electronics automatic sequence to switch, also can adopt the electronics order handover scheme complicated, that rotor position transducer (as Hall element, capacitance type sensor, electro-optical pickoff, near switch etc.) is housed.And the internal circuit of linear electric motors controller can adopt the digital integrated circuit control type, or Single-chip Controlling formula, even adopt system controlled by computer or the like, but the control mode that finally outputs to coil segment must be followed " carrying out step-type sequence of currents switching controls by the position order of segmentation winding " this technology.
Embodiment two: present embodiment is the malformation formula of aforementioned pattern, i.e. " external stator, interior mover " formula, and its schematic diagram is seen Fig. 4.Because of only doing the section signal, can only find out stator core (2), a segmentation winding (4) and permanent magnetism mover (5) among the figure.Many windings long stator (1) of this example is in the outside of permanent magnetism mover (5), and the system of changing formed after the iron core (2) in the wound stator struck out solid shape by silicon steel sheet.A coil grading winding of coiling (4) is drawn the end of a thread then on iron core, just constitutes the joint of one in wound stator coil segment stator.Stator shown in Figure 4 is exactly the joint of one in whole many windings long stator (1).The coil segment stator that resembles this spline structure is by some joint sequence arrangement, just become many windings long stator (1), their all coils section lead-out wire all resembles the embodiment one by the segmentation winding sequencing circuit (10) of coil it is carried out sequence of currents switching controls step-type, that undertaken by the position order of its coil segment.Mover magnet (5) in this example is the monoblock rectangular magnet, and it places in the bore of stator, and the left and right surfaces that magnet relies on stator respectively is a magnetic pole.It can do the motion of stator long axis direction along the surface of internal cavity of many windings long stator (1).
In this design form of " internal stator, outer mover ", also can be at secondary stator that ferromagnetic material is made of outer surface fixed installation of whole long stroke DC linear electric motor outside, as close as possible permanent magnetism mover (5).The secondary stator of this moment also has the function of the outer protective cover of linear electric motors simultaneously concurrently.In addition, the mover magnet can be that single magnet or many magnet combination form, and stator and mover also can have the design form and the shape of multiple mutual coupling.Both can be designed to many windings long stator (1) outside at interior, permanent magnetism mover (5), also can be designed to many windings long stator (1) outside, permanent magnetism mover (5) is interior.But no matter how ever-changing structure is, as long as the length of the stroke ratio mover of mover itself is much longer, the coil of long wound stator just is necessary to be divided into the plurality of sections coiling more than at least two sections, and, take the technology of sequence of currents switching controls step-type, that undertaken by segmentation winding position order to come this moving-magnetic type DC linear electric motor is implemented control according to above-mentioned circuit control method.And this technology feature of the present invention just place.
Claims (2)
1. one kind long stroke moving iron DC linear electric motor, comprise stator, mover and control device, it is characterized in that: have winding long stator more than (1) at least, it comprises stator core (2) and presses the compact arranged plurality of sections segmentation winding (4) more than at least two sections of order; The end of each segmentation winding (4) all has two to draw lead, at least include a segmentation winding sequencing circuit (10) in the control device and can utilize these to draw lead, each segmentation winding (4) is implemented the control and the sequence of currents switching controls step-type piecemeal to its enforcement, that carry out according to each segmentation winding position order of the sense of current.
2. long stroke moving iron DC linear electric motor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: have a permanent magnetism mover (5) at least near many windings long stator (1), and movable along its long axis direction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410034563 CN1684347A (en) | 2004-04-17 | 2004-04-17 | Long travel moving iron DC linear motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410034563 CN1684347A (en) | 2004-04-17 | 2004-04-17 | Long travel moving iron DC linear motor |
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|---|---|
| CN1684347A true CN1684347A (en) | 2005-10-19 |
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| CN 200410034563 Pending CN1684347A (en) | 2004-04-17 | 2004-04-17 | Long travel moving iron DC linear motor |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101873045A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-10-27 | 蹇兴亮 | Large-travel permanent magnet electromagnetic driving device and control method thereof |
| CN101009455B (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2011-05-11 | 大连交通大学 | Long range big-push force permanent-magnet brushless linear DC motor |
| CN101719712B (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-10-26 | 清华大学 | Moving-iron type linear motor coil array power-driven allocation method |
| CN104852667A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-08-19 | 常州工学院 | Linear motor control system and electromagnetic catapult testbed using same |
| CN105305730A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-03 | 河南理工大学 | Sliding contact type sectional power supply switching apparatus for linear motor |
| CN105391269A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-09 | 优丫优科技股份有限公司 | New type of permanent magnet linear stepper motor |
| CN109639091A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-16 | 黄石东贝电器股份有限公司 | Linear motor and compressor |
-
2004
- 2004-04-17 CN CN 200410034563 patent/CN1684347A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101009455B (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2011-05-11 | 大连交通大学 | Long range big-push force permanent-magnet brushless linear DC motor |
| CN101719712B (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-10-26 | 清华大学 | Moving-iron type linear motor coil array power-driven allocation method |
| CN101873045A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-10-27 | 蹇兴亮 | Large-travel permanent magnet electromagnetic driving device and control method thereof |
| CN104852667A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-08-19 | 常州工学院 | Linear motor control system and electromagnetic catapult testbed using same |
| CN104852667B (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2017-05-31 | 常州工学院 | A kind of linear motor control system and the Electromagnetical ejector testing stand using the system |
| CN105305730A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-03 | 河南理工大学 | Sliding contact type sectional power supply switching apparatus for linear motor |
| CN105391269A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-09 | 优丫优科技股份有限公司 | New type of permanent magnet linear stepper motor |
| CN109639091A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-16 | 黄石东贝电器股份有限公司 | Linear motor and compressor |
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