CN1680784A - 旋转角检测装置 - Google Patents

旋转角检测装置 Download PDF

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CN1680784A
CN1680784A CNA2005100648072A CN200510064807A CN1680784A CN 1680784 A CN1680784 A CN 1680784A CN A2005100648072 A CNA2005100648072 A CN A2005100648072A CN 200510064807 A CN200510064807 A CN 200510064807A CN 1680784 A CN1680784 A CN 1680784A
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浦川雅丞
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Alps Alpine Co Ltd
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    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
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    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/249—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using pulse code
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    • G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/249—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using pulse code
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    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
    • G01D5/34776—Absolute encoders with analogue or digital scales
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Abstract

本发明提供一种旋转角检测装置，其能以高分解能、且高精度地检测旋转体的旋转角。其能和旋转体连动而旋转，并且，具备：在内侧和外侧轨道(T1、T2)上分别排列了多个突起组的防护板(3)、以及将沿着内侧轨道(T1)排列的一对第1光遮断器(6a)和设置于这些光遮断器(6a)的约中间位置的一个第2光遮断器(6b)的组合作为一组的3个光遮断器组(6A、6B、6C)，在各光遮断器组(6A～6C)中的光遮断器(6)中，使配置于内侧轨道(T1)的第1光遮断器(6a)位于外周侧，并且，使配置于外侧轨道(T2)的第2光遮断器(6b)位于内周侧。

Description

旋转角检测装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种旋转角检测装置，适于用作检测汽车方向盘的掌舵角的角度传感器等。
背景技术
作为这类旋转角检测装置中的一个例子，已知有角度传感器，其具有可随着转向轴(旋转体)的旋转而间歇性旋转的旋转环(リング)，在该旋转环的预定位置上直立设置圆弧形延伸的遮光板，并且，相向设置多个光遮断器使其位于该遮挡板的轨迹上(例如：参照专利文献1)。各光遮断器具有LED(发光元件)和光敏晶体管(受光元件)，随着旋转环的旋转，遮光板通过各光遮断器的LED和光敏晶体管之间，由此根据来自各光遮断器的检测信号检测出转向轴的旋转角。
其中，各光遮断器的结构部件、即LED和光敏晶体管的指向特性不同，所述专利文献1公开的角度传感器把指向特性差(指向性宽)的光敏晶体管设置在内周侧，方向特性好(指向性窄)的LED设置在外周侧。这样构成时，会减小任意光遮断器的LED所射出的光作为干扰光被相邻光遮断器的光敏晶体管接收，因此能高精度地进行转向轴的旋转角的检测。
【专利文献1】日本特开平11-108696号公报(第3-6页，图5、图9)
在所述以往的旋转角检测装置中，其结构是旋转环的遮光板通过多个光遮断器的LED和光敏晶体管之间，由此检测转向轴的旋转角，但是如果在旋转环上的遮光板外侧再另外设置一个圆弧形遮光板，并在该外侧遮光板的轨迹上与内侧光遮断器相同地配置多个光遮断器，就能以更高的分解能检测转向轴的旋转角。即，在旋转环的相邻的内外2个轨道上分别设置遮光板，通过组合来自与这些遮光板相对置的多个光遮断器的检测信号，就能以高分解能检测旋转环(转向轴)的旋转角。但是，这样在内侧和外侧对应于内外两个轨道配置多个光遮断器时，来自配置于外侧的光遮断器的LED的光向内侧光遮断器一侧射出，因此通过受光元件接收该光作为干扰光，从而产生降低内侧光遮断器的检测精度的新问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种旋转角检测装置，其能以高分解能、且高精度地检测旋转体的旋转角。
为实现所述目的，本发明的旋转角检测装置是如下结构的旋转角检测装置，能与旋转体连动而旋转，并且，具有：在相邻的内侧轨道(トラツク)和外侧轨道上分别以一定间距分别排列多个突起组的防护板(コ一ド板)、和这些内侧轨道和外侧轨道相对配置的多个光遮断器(フオトインタラプタ)，随着所述防护板的旋转，所述突起组通过所述各光遮断器的发光元件和受光元件之间，所述各光遮断器中，与所述内侧轨道相对的第1光遮断器的发光元件位于外周侧，并且，与所述外侧轨道相对的第2光遮断器的发光元件位于内周侧。
在这样构成的旋转角检测装置中，在防护板上设置排列了多个突起组的内侧轨道，并且在该内侧轨道的外侧再设置一个排列了多个突起组的外侧轨道，通过分别与这2个轨道相对的光遮断器来读取信号，因此组合这些信号，就能以高分解能检测出旋转体的旋转角。并且，由于从内侧轨道的光遮断器的发光元件射出的光照向内周侧，并且，从外侧轨道的光遮断器的发光元件射出的光照向外周侧，因此，即使内侧轨道和外侧轨道的光遮断器彼此相邻地配置的情况下，也能防止各轨道的光遮断器相互接收对方轨道的光遮断器的发光元件射出的光作为干扰光，由此防止光遮断器的检测精度的下降，能高精度地检测旋转体的旋转角。
在所述结构中，最好，沿着内侧轨道的圆周方向排列有一对第1光遮断器，并且，在这些一对第1光遮断器的约中心位置上配置有第2光遮断器，采用这样的结构，可集中配置第1和第2光遮断器，能在装置内有限的空间内紧密地安装各光遮断器，实现旋转角检测装置的小型化。
本发明具有如下的效果。
本发明的旋转角检测装置，在防护板上设置排列了多个突起组的内侧轨道，在该内侧轨道的外侧再设置排列了多个突起组的外侧轨道，通过分别与这2个轨道相对的光遮断器读取信号，因此组合这些信号，就能以高分解能检测出旋转体的旋转角。并且，由于使内侧轨道的光遮断器的发光元件射出的光照向内周侧，并且，使外侧轨道的光遮断器的发光元件射出的光照向外周侧，因此即使是在使内侧轨道和外侧轨道的光遮断器彼此相邻地配置的情况下，也能防止各轨道的光遮断器相互接收对方轨道的光遮断器的发光元件射出的光作为干扰光，由此防止光遮断器的检测精度的下降，能高精度地检测旋转体的旋转角。
附图说明
图1是表示部分断裂本发明的实施例涉及的角度传感器的侧视图。
图2是表示该角度传感器内部机构的俯视图。
图3是表示该角度传感器具备的与防护板相对的光遮断器的配置的立体图。
图4是表示该角度传感器具备的构成各光遮断器组的第1和第2光遮断器的位置关系的说明图。
图5是表示该角度传感器具备的位置检测传感器的说明图。
图6是表示该位置检测传感器具备的遮光板、发光元件和受光元件的说明图。
图7是表示该遮光板的细长缝与受光元件的关系的说明图。
图8是表示根据该受光元件的受光量检测绝对角的说明图。
具体实施方式
下面，参照附图对发明实施例进行说明，图1是表示部分断裂本发明实施例涉及的角度传感器的侧视图；图2是表示该角度传感器内部机构的俯视图；图3是表示该角度传感器具备的与防护板相对的光遮断器的配置的立体图；图4是表示该角度传感器具备的构成各光遮断器组的第1和第2光遮断器的位置关系的说明图；图5是表示该角度传感器具备的位置检测传感器的说明图；图6是表示该位置检测传感器具备的遮光板和发光元件受光元件的说明图；图7是表示该遮光板的细长缝和受光元件的关系的说明图，图8是表示根据该受光元件的受光量检测绝对角的说明图。
如这些图所示，本实施例涉及的角度传感器具有固定于未图示的转向机构的定子部件的外壳1，旋转部件2可旋转地被支撑在该外壳1上。未图示的转向轴被穿插在旋转部件2的中心，同样未图示的方向盘连接在旋转部件2上。并且，在旋转部件2上一体设有防护板3，在该防护板3上同心圆状地相邻设置内侧轨道T1和外侧轨道T2。这些各轨道T1，T2上，分别以预定间隔排列多个内突起组3a和外突起组3b，防护板3的下部外周面上设有第一齿轮4。印制电路板5被固定在外壳1上，在该印制电路板5上安装有多个光遮断器6。这些光遮断器6具有分别对应于内侧突起组3a和外侧突起组3b的多个第1光遮断器6a和多个第2光遮断器6b，这些防护板3和光遮断器6构成旋转式传感器。其中，第1和第2光遮断器6a、6b是分别使片状的LED61a、61b和片状的光敏晶体管62a、62b对置而一体化的(参照图4)。
如图2和图3所示，这些光遮断器6a、6b的配置是，将沿内侧轨道T1的圆周方向排列的一对第1光遮断器6a、和在这些一对第1光遮断器6a的约中心位置配置的1个第2光遮断器6b的组合为一组，将此作为沿着各轨道T1和T2的圆周方向、以一定间隔排列的3个光遮断器组6A、6B、6C构成的结构。并且，如图4所示，在各光遮断器组6A～6C中，与内侧轨道T1相对的第1光遮断器6a的LED 61a位于外周侧，且光敏晶体管62a位于内周侧，并且，与外侧轨道T2相对的第2光遮断器6b的LED 61b位于内周侧，且光敏晶体管62b位于外周侧，由此，使内侧轨道T1的光遮断器6a的LED61a射出的光照向内周侧，并且，使外侧轨道T2的光遮断器6b的LED61b射出的光照向外周侧。
因此，随着旋转部件2的旋转、内侧突起组3a和外侧突起组3b分别通过第1和第2光遮断器6a、6b的LED 61a、61b和光敏晶体管62a、62b之间，从各光遮断器6a、6b输出脉冲信号时，各轨道T1、T2的光遮断器6a、6b不会将对方轨道的光遮断器的LED射出的光作为干扰光而相互接收。因此，能可靠地防止光遮断器6a、6b的检测精度下降，能高精度地检测转向轴的旋转角、即方向盘的掌如图1所示，丝杠7可旋转地被支撑在外壳1的内部，该丝杠7的轴线方向和旋转部件2的中心轴相互平行地设定。第2齿轮8被固定在丝杠7的一端，该第2齿轮8和防护板3的第1齿轮4相啮合。并且，如图5所示，与丝杠7平行延伸的导向旋转轴9被固定在外壳1的内部，托架(carriage)10被卡合在该导向旋转轴9上且自由滑动。在丝杠7的外周面刻设有螺旋状槽7a，一体形成于托架10上的卡合齿部10a与该螺旋状槽7a啮合，该卡合齿部10a通过安装于托架10上的板簧11的弹性作用力而被压接在螺旋状槽7a上。因此，丝杠7旋转时，卡合齿部10a沿着螺旋槽7a移动，与此同时，托架10向丝杠7和导向旋转轴9的轴线方向直线往返移动。在托架10的卡合齿部10a和相反侧的端部上一体设有遮光板12，在该遮光板12上形成细长缝(slit)13。另外，LED 14和2分割光电二极管15安装在外壳1的内部，如图6所示，这些LED 4和2分割光电二极管15通过遮光板12的细长缝13而相对，LED射出的光透过遮光板12的细长缝13而被2分割光电二极管15接收。
如图7所示，该2分割光电二极管15整体形成为长方形，是具有第1受光部15a和第2受光部15b的差动式光电二极管。第1受光部15a和第2受光部15b在长方形的短边侧相对，这些第1和第2受光部15a、15b沿着连续了多个楔型的锯齿状的分割线被分为2份。另外，细长缝13具有相对托架10的移动方向(图中箭头P的方向)倾斜的直线部13a，并设定为该直线部13a几乎与2分割光电二极管15的长方形的长边相正交。因此，如果托架10随着丝杠7的旋转向箭头P方向移动，则细长缝13的直线部13a向着使2分割光电二极管15的相对的短边间与长边正交的方向(图中箭头Q的方向)移动，通过该直线部13a的出射光的带(线)横切锯齿状分割线的多处，而照射在第1及第2受光部15a、15b上，所以第1和第2受光部15a、15b的受光量根据该移动位置而变化。另外，所述的遮光板12的细长缝13和LED14及2分割光电二极管15构成本发明的线型位置检测传感器，根据随着托架10的移动而变化的第1及第2受光部15a、15b的输出值，而检测出偏离方向盘的中立位置的绝对角度。
即，以方向盘的中立位置为基准，沿顺时针和逆时针方向分别旋转2周(+720度～-720度)时，如图7的双点划线所示，直线部13a和第1及第2受光部15a、15b的相对位置对应于方向盘的旋转角而变化，所以通过计算这些从第1及第2受光部15a、15b得到的电流值，就能检测偏离方向盘中立位置的绝对角度。例如，如果设定从第1受光部15a得到的电流值为I1，从第2受光部15b得到的电流值为I2，则由于这些电流值I1、I2随着直线部13a的移动位置变化，因此，若作如下计算：
I＝(I1-I2)/(I1+I2)……(1)
则如图8所示，就能检测方向盘的绝对角度作为电流值I的模拟变化。
下面对这样构成的角度传感器的动作进行说明。
使方向盘向正反任意方向旋转操作时，旋转部件2与方向盘连动而一体旋转，并且，该旋转力会从第1齿轮4传递到第2齿轮8，于是，丝杠7与旋转部件2连动而也旋转。由于旋转部件2上一体设有防护板3，因此，防护板3的内侧和外侧突起组3a、3b以及第1和第2光遮断器6a、6b的相对位置分别变化，根据从光遮断器组3A～C具有的各光遮断器6a、6b输出的脉冲信号，检测使旋转部件2旋转动作的方向盘的旋转量和旋转方向。这些防护板3和光遮断器6起增量型的回转式编码器的作用，本实施例的情况是以方向盘的中立位置为基准，分别向顺时针和逆时针方向旋转2周(+720度～-720度)，因此，根据各光遮断器6的输出信号，检测方向盘整个旋转范围(±720度)内的旋转量和旋转方向。
并且，由于托架10的卡合齿部10a与丝杠7的螺旋状槽7a相啮合，因此，随着丝杠7的旋转，托架10向着丝杠7和导向旋转轴9的轴线方向做直线往返移动，与托架10一体设置的遮光板12在LED14和2分割光电二极管15之间移动。于是，形成在遮光板12上的细长缝13的直线部13a在2分割光电二极管15的相对置的短边间向图7的箭头Q方向移动，第1和第2受光部15a、15b的受光量对应于该移动位置变化，因此，根据这些第1及第2受光部15a、15b的输出值，就能检测出偏离方向盘中立位置的绝对角度。在这种情况下，检测从第1及第2受光部15a、1 5b输出的电流值I1、I2，把这些电流值I1、I2代入所述(1)式中，计算电流值I，则如图8所示，能检测方向盘的绝对角度而作为电流值I的模拟变化。另外，本实施例的情况是以方向盘的中立位置为基准，向顺时针和逆时针方向分别旋转2周(+720度～-720度)，因此，根据2分割光电二极管15的输出信号，就能检测方向盘的整个旋转范围(±720度)内的绝对角度。
在本实施例涉及的这种旋转角检测装置中，设置在防护板3上排列了多个内侧突起组3a的内侧轨道T1，并且，在该内侧轨道T1的外侧再设置一个排列了多个外侧突起组3b的外侧轨道T2，通过组合从具有在这2个轨道T1、T2上分别相邻配置的光遮断器6a、6b的光遮断器组3A～3C输出的脉冲信号，就能以高分解能检测与方向盘连动而旋转的旋转部件(旋转体)2的旋转角。但是，在各光遮断器组3A～3C中，使从内侧轨道T1的光遮断器6a的LED 61a射出的光照向内周侧，并且，使从外侧轨道T2的光遮断器6b的LED 61b射出的光照向外周侧，因此，能防止各轨道T1(T2)的光遮断器6a(6b)相互接收对方轨道T2(T1)的光遮断器6b(6a)的LED 61b(61a)射出的光作为干扰光，由此能有效防止光遮断器6a、6b的检测精度的下降，能高精度地检测方向盘旋转轴的旋转角、即方向盘的掌舵角。
并且，是由将沿着内侧轨道T1的圆周方向排列的一对第1光遮断器6a和设置于这些光遮断器6a的约中间位置上的一个第2光遮断器6b的组合作为一组的多个光遮断器组6A、6B、6C构成的，因此对于各光遮断器组6A～6C，能集中配置光遮断器6a、6b，因此能使各光遮断器6紧密地安装于装置内有限的空间内，能实现旋转角检测装置的小型化。

Claims (2)

1、一种旋转角检测装置，能和旋转体连动而旋转，并且具备：在相邻的内侧轨道和外侧轨道之上分别以预定间距排列有多个突起组的防护板、和与这些内侧轨道和外侧轨道相对配置的多个光遮断器，随着所述防护板的旋转，所述突起组通过所述各光遮断器的发光元件和受光元件之间，其特征在于，
所述各光遮断器中，与所述内侧轨道相对的第1光遮断器的发光元件位于外周侧，并且，与所述外侧轨道相对的第2光遮断器的发光元件位于内周侧。
2、如权利要求1所述的旋转角检测装置，其特征在于，
沿着所述内侧轨道的圆周方向排列有一对所述第1光遮断器，并且，在这些一对所述第1光遮断器的约中间位置配置有所述第2光遮断器。
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