CN1676898A - Mechanical ideal internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical ideal IC engine which comprises cylinder body, piston, and crankshaft, featuring mainly that two or four or eight rigid pistons symmetrically installed respectively at two fixed cylinders on two sides are linked with crankshaft by sliding blocks. The invention is adaptive to universal engines bringing considerable efficiency enhancement. Especially the four cylinder motor with each pair at a side with the best linking mechanism rigid, is highly adaptive to high speed, high pressure and high temperature working condition while the cylinder body performing high speed traverse motion has got remarkable cooling effect itself. The fixed piston could be cooled easily by oil or water inner-cooling so to effectively control the working temperature and temperature field of the fix piston improving working condition. The fixed piston has got very a little side force on it which is only two fifths as it of original motors, remarkably reducing the traverse abrasion. For ship and truck heavy motor, power unit with eight combustion cavities is better, also with high efficiency and long service life and without muck side force.

Description

Mechanical ideal internal combustion engine

Technical field

The invention belongs to a kind of explosive motor, particularly a kind of mechanical ideal internal combustion engine.

Background technique

So-called mechanical ideal is meant, finishes the mechanical efficiency η of internal-combustion engine thermodynamic cycle _HmThe highest, and be constantly equal to 1, i.e. η _Hm≡ 1 (wherein disregard the mechanical friction of reciprocating power parts, this is allowed to as theoretical research).That is to say that finishing of mechanical ideal varieties of engine thermodynamic cycles need not driving mechanism, and the mechanical efficiency of its thermodynamic cycle is the highest, be higher than other all conventional internal combustion.Mechanical efficiency is the highest---and this is a very tempting technical order in power machine industry.Here " need not driving mechanism " and be meant that finishing of thermodynamic cycle do not need driving mechanism, but the power of motor output still to be finished by driving mechanism.

Need not driving mechanism just can finish the existing internal-combustion engine of thermodynamic cycle and have: diesel pile hammer and free-piston gas machine.If disregard the mechanical friction (theoretical research is allowed to) of reciprocating power parts, so, the thermodynamic cycle mechanical efficiency η of diesel pile hammer and free-piston gas machine _HmJust the highest, and η _Hm≡ 1.

But, diesel pile hammer is outputting power evenly, and the free-piston gas machine can only be exported the heating power combustion gas can not directly export machine power, so, pile driver and free-piston gas machine all can only be the specific type internal-combustion engines, can not be as the general dynamic explosive motor.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of mechanical ideal internal combustion machine, be used for the motor of general dynamic, significantly improve mechanical efficiency.

One of the objective of the invention is by following technical solution to realize: it comprises cylinder block, piston and bent axle, it is characterized in that: two or four or eight back ofs the body are put in the rigidly connected cylinder block the fixing piston of assembling respectively, and two or four or eight rigidly connected cylinder bodies connect bent axle by slide block.

The objective of the invention is two realizing by following technical solution: it comprises cylinder block, piston and bent axle, it is characterized in that: two or four or eight opposed rigidly connected pistons are assembled in respectively in the fixed cylinder body of both sides, and two or four or eight rigidly connected pistons connect bent axle by slide block.

Advantage of the present invention is: mechanical ideal internal combustion engine, can be applicable to general power engine, and significantly improve mechanical efficiency.Especially four opposed in twos construction machine intensity that are rigidly connected of cylinder are best, the fine adaptation high speed and high pressure high-temperature work environment of energy, high speed reciprocating cylinder body is very favourable for adopting air-cooled, as long as supply moving air, high speed reciprocating cylinder body itself just have well self cooling effect.Decide plug and can adopt cold or internal water cooling in the oil very easily, the operating temperature and the temperature field of plug decided in control effectively, and improves operating mode.Surely it is very little to fill in suffered lateral force, is about 1/2.5th of traditional crank connecting rod engine, has obviously reduced the to-and-fro motion friction.For the peculiar to vessel and heavy explosive motor of locomotive, should adopt unit head with eight firing chambers, eight firing chamber symmetrical in twos explosive combustion in four-stroke, the reciprocating power component no longer is subjected to or seldom is subjected to lateral force, and this realizes that for the wearing and tearing of reducing friction high-efficiency long-life is very favourable.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the invention one (unit head is the four-stroke machinery ideal internal combustion engine of the opposed connection of four a cylinder block rigidity) structural representation.

Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the invention two (unit head is the four-stroke machinery ideal internal combustion engine of the opposed connection of four a piston rigidity) structural representation.

Fig. 4 is the structural principle schematic representation of the embodiment of the invention three (unit head is the two-stroke mechanical ideal internal combustion engine of the opposed connection of two cylinder block rigidity).

Fig. 5 is the structural principle schematic representation of the embodiment of the invention four (unit head is the two-stroke mechanical ideal internal combustion engine of the opposed connection of two piston rigidity).

Fig. 6 adopts four groups of unit heads of the present invention to be assembled in to realize the overall dynamic-balance schematic representation on the four-throw cankshaft.

Fig. 7 is embodiment one a unit head working load plotted curve.

Fig. 8 is curve 21 among Fig. 7 and 22 composite diagram.

Fig. 9 is the unit head working load plotted curve of traditional Q490 motor.

Figure 10 is curve 23 among Fig. 9 and 24 composite diagram.

Embodiment

See Fig. 1,2, embodiment one is a kind of essential structure of four-stroke machinery ideal internal combustion engine: the unit head 7 of this structure is made up of four opposed in twos rigidly connected cylinder block 4, fills in 8 surely and is " piston " fixed.Be quite analogous to the free-piston gas machine, the reciprocal unrestricted motion frequency of this unit head 7 depends on the weight (quality) and the to-and-fro motion surface friction drag of thermodynamic cycle gas pressure and unit head.

The concrete structure of present embodiment is as follows: the part sequence number among the figure is: body 1, and intake and exhaust opening 2, radiating fin 3, cylinder block 4, cooling chamber 5, slide block 6, unit head 7, crankshaft 8 fills in 9 surely, inlet and exhaust valve 10, spark plug 11.

Unit head 7 has opposed in twos being rigidly connected by link of cylinder block 4 of radiating fin 3 to constitute by four, and slide block 6 is installed in the unit head 7, and slide block 6 is sleeved on the crankshaft 8.Each inserts and fills in 9 surely in four cylinder block 4, fills in 9 surely and is fixedly mounted on the body 1.Surely fill in 9 and be provided with porting 2 and inlet and exhaust valve 10, simultaneously the cooling chamber 5 that cooling liquid is housed also is set filling in surely on 9.Surely fill in 9 back side central parts and have dark hole,, perhaps spark plug 11 is contained in the unit head with long tube sleeve loading and unloading spark plug 11.

See Fig. 3, embodiment two is the another kind of essential structure of four-stroke machinery ideal internal combustion engine: the part sequence number among the figure is: body 1, slide block 6, crankshaft 8, cylinder block 12, unit head 13, piston 14.

To be that four pistons 14 are opposed in twos be equipped with slide block 6 by the link formation that is rigidly connected in unit head 13 with unit head 13, and slide block 6 is sleeved on the crankshaft 8.Four cylinder block 12 are fixedly mounted on the body 1, and inlet and exhaust valve and spark plug are all identical with conventional engines.

" mechanical ideal " four thermodynamic cycles are finished in the order outburst in the four-stroke thermal cycle of four firing chambers of above-mentioned two embodiments, be similar to the free-piston gas machine, the unrestricted motion frequency of unit head still depends on thermodynamic cycle pressure and unit head weight and to-and-fro motion surface friction drag.The drive structure here only is used for outputting power, is not used for finishing thermodynamic cycle, and this is to be different from the basic main points of conventional engines.

See Fig. 4, embodiment three is a kind of essential structure of two-stroke mechanical ideal internal combustion engine: unit head 15 is for a pair of opposed rigidly connected cylinder block 4 and correspondingly fill in 9 surely, other structure with

Embodiment one.

See Fig. 5, embodiment four is the another kind of essential structure of two-stroke mechanical ideal internal combustion engine: unit head 16 is a pair of opposed rigidly connected piston and corresponding cylinder block 12, and other structure is with embodiment two.

See Fig. 6, adopt four groups of the present invention to be assembled in and realize motor overall dynamic-balance schematic representation on the four-throw cankshaft.Flywheel shown in the figure 17, bent axle 18, unit head 19, main bearing 20.The present invention can adopt two-stroke or four-stroke or eight stroke explosive motors.When adopting two stroke IC engine, scavenging pump or pressurized machine are necessary.

The explosive motor main design parameters of the embodiment of the invention one

Cylinder diameter D=90 millimeter

Stroke bore ratio S/D=0.618 (golden section)

Stroke S=55.62 millimeter

Unit head is that the cast aluminium alloy assembly weighs 3.51 kilograms

The diameter of axle (being the crank diameter of axle) d=60 millimeter in the slide block

Displacement per cylinder V ₁=0.354 liter

16 cylinder total displacement V ₁₆=5.66 liters

The design safety revolution of this motor is 6000 rev/mins

The design rated power of this motor is 240 kilowatts, closes 326 horsepowers

Fig. 7 is exactly embodiment one a unit head working load plotted curve, wherein curve 21 is thermodynamic cycle curve (wherein having ignored intake and exhaust pressure), four firing chamber outbursts successively in four-stroke, curve 22 is unit head (four rigidly connected cylinder block) reciprocal inertia force curves in the time of 6000 rev/mins of 3.51 kilogram weights.

Fig. 8 be exactly among Fig. 7 curve 21 and 22 synthetic, the actual machine load diagram of Here it is ideal engine crankshaft.As seen from Figure 8, the inertial force absolute value of unit head is bigger, in the time of 6000 rev/mins up to 4000 kilograms.But the suffered mechanical load maximum value of crankshaft is not high, is 2700 kilograms, and less than 3500 kilograms of maximum combustion pressures, this is that allow and rational.

Fig. 8 as seen, the actual machine load diagram of crankshaft and the area that axis of abscissas surrounds just have that (+) has negative (-), wherein just (+) cartographic represenation of area crankshaft is made positive work---to extraneous output work, with W (+) expression; Negative (-) cartographic represenation of area crankshaft is made negative work---and draw flywheel useful work supply power unit and keep simple harmonic motion, negative work is represented with W (-).So, make η _Fm=W (+)/[W (+)+W (-)], η _FmBe defined as the mechanical load efficient of motor.Mechanical load efficient also is not equal to mechanical efficiency, but closely bound up with mechanical efficiency.

Obviously, η _FmIt is another new important technology index of engine evaluated.η _FmHigh more, it is many more to illustrate that engine crankshaft is made positive work, otherwise that engine crankshaft is made negative work is many.By statistics, the mechanical load efficient of ideal engine is very high among Fig. 8, η _FmUp to 90%.Illustrate that the bent axle of ideal engine is seldom made negative work, come much scientific and reasonable (contrast Figure 10) compared with conventional engines.

Referring to Fig. 9, the dynamically working load diagram of traditional Q490 h type engine h, wherein curve 23 is thermodynamic cycle curve (wherein having ignored intake and exhaust pressure), curve 24 is Q490 engine piston connecting rod assemblies (weight is 2.0 kilograms) when 4000 rev/mins of rated revolutions, the reciprocal inertia force on the cylinder-bore axis direction.

Figure 10 is exactly the synthetic of curve 23,24 among Fig. 9---and (this mechanical load can be compared with ideal engine along the mechanical load figure of crankshaft on the cylinder-bore axis direction, if take into account conventional engines crankshaft circumference respectively to power, the mechanical load of conventional engines is even more serious).

Figure 10 as seen, the negative work W (-) that does of institute (area under the transverse axis) is more in the bent axle work of conventional engines, the therefore mechanical load efficiency eta of conventional engines _FmLower, be about 60%, this result must cause the mechanical efficiency of conventional engines low.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of mechanical ideal internal combustion engine, it comprises cylinder body, piston and bent axle, it is characterized in that: two or four or eight opposed rigidly connected pistons are assembled in respectively in the fixed cylinder body of both sides, and two or four or eight rigidly connected pistons connect bent axle by slide block.

2, a kind of mechanical ideal internal combustion engine, it comprises cylinder body, piston and bent axle, it is characterized in that: two or four or eight back ofs the body are put in the rigidly connected cylinder body the fixing piston of assembling respectively, and two or four or eight rigidly connected cylinder bodies connect bent axle by slide block.

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