CN1673762A - Gasinsulation combined electric device local discharge analog experimental apparatus and experimental method - Google Patents
Gasinsulation combined electric device local discharge analog experimental apparatus and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1673762A CN1673762A CN 200510057032 CN200510057032A CN1673762A CN 1673762 A CN1673762 A CN 1673762A CN 200510057032 CN200510057032 CN 200510057032 CN 200510057032 A CN200510057032 A CN 200510057032A CN 1673762 A CN1673762 A CN 1673762A
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Abstract
The simulating experiment equipment for local discharge in gas insulated combined electric appliance consists of inducing pressure regulator, no-corona experiment transformer, no-local discharge protecting resistor, standard capacity voltage divider, GIS simulating experimental device, internal UHF antenna sensor and external UHF antenna sensor, microstrip line filtering amplifier, intelligent UHF multiplexer, wide band high speed ultrahigh capacirty digital storage oscilloscope and microcomputer. The simulating experiment equipment and method for local discharge in gas insulated combined electric appliance may be used for simulating various defaults inside GIS to obtain PD experiment data reflecting various kinds of insulation defaults and distinguish the PD modes of the insulation defaults in GIS, so that the present invention may be used widely in relevant theoretical analysis and application research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear experiment, particularly relate to shelf depreciation manual simulation's experimental provision and the experimental technique of a kind of GIS.
Background technology
GIS has dielectric strength height, stable, advantage such as floor area is few and maintenance workload is little, obtains using more and more widely in city, big and medium-sized cities net is built and transformed.But from the ruuning situation in nearly ten years, many problems in use appearred in GIS both domestic and external, wherein based on insulation fault.And insulation fault mainly causes SF by the inner PD that long-term various defective produced that exists of GIS
6The gas-insulated performance degradation causes.Because the detection of PD is subjected to the influence of electromagnetic interference (EMI) on every side serious, faint GIS partial discharge pulse signal sometimes almost completely disturbed signal flood, it is varied to add the pattern that PD discharges, therefore, detection and Identification PD signal difficulty is very big.The PD ultrahigh frequency that only has a few studies unit to carry out GIS both at home and abroad detects research at present.As units such as domestic Tsing-Hua University, Xi'an Communications University and University Of Chongqing, external Britain, Germany, Japan and other countries, but the elementary step that still is in research at present and uses.Because (pulse steepness can reach 1～2ns to the equivalent frequency height of the PD signal that produces among the GIS, equivalent frequency can be up to more than the 1GHz), weak output signal (mainly realizing that by the leakage electromagnetic wave at sensor GIS joint flange place ultrahigh frequency detects), (laboratory and scene exist a large amount of selective interference to the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of Cun Zaiing greatly on every side, white noise disturbs and various random disturbance) etc. characteristics, reach quantitative and detection and localization to the PD signal, denoising and pattern-recognition are problem demanding prompt solutions, therefore, effectively way and means are to set up in the laboratory to simulate the analogue experiment installation that true GIS equipment produces the PD signal, carry out the research of relevant theoretical foundation and application foundation.
Summary of the invention
A kind of local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear analogue experiment installation and the experimental technique that the purpose of this invention is to provide, utilize this device and experimental technique testing the various single and combination defectives of lab simulation GIS device interior, obtain the PD experimental data of the various insulation defects of reflection, realize PD pattern-recognition insulation defect in the GIS.
The present invention can come to be realized in the following manner: local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear analogue experiment installation and experimental technique, and its experimental provision is put protective resistance (3), standard capacitor divider (4), GIS analogue experiment installation (5), inside and outside ultra-high frequency antenna sensor (6) (7), microstrip line filter amplifier (8), ultrahigh frequency intelligent multichannel switch (9), wideband high speed vast capacity digital storage oscilloscope (10), microcomputer (11) formation by induction voltage regulator (1), the dizzy experimental transformer (2) of nothing, no office; Wherein: the physical dimension of GIS analogue experiment installation (5) is 1/3 of homemade 220kV GIS physical size, and it is by screw rod and nut (12), copper binding post (13), end cap (14), organic glass housing (15), epoxy resin is strengthened pull bar (16), stainless steel cylinder inner high voltage electrode (17), stainless steel external ground electrode shell (18), built-in disk uhf sensor outlet (19), the artificial defect model is placed mouthful (20), pressure vacuum gauge and gas three-way connection (21), built-in annulus uhf sensor outlet (22), interior electrode insulation back up pad (23), holddown spring (24), built-in annulus uhf sensor (25), built-in disk uhf sensor (26) is formed; Strengthening pull bar (16) by screw rod and nut (12) with epoxy resin between end cap (14), organic glass housing (15) and the stainless steel external electrode housing (18) is connected, and forming a columned cavity body structure, the cavity two ends adopt the organic glass housing to be convenient to place defective sample and observation experiment process; Execute experimental voltage outward and be added to inner high voltage electrode (17), form the conductor of a noble potential by copper binding post (13) and holddown spring (24); Inner high voltage electrode (17) hits exactly by the cavity that insulation support plate (23) is fixed on organic glass housing (15) and stainless steel external ground electrode shell (18), forms the coaxial waveguide of propagating ultra-high frequency signal; SF
6Gas enters the cavity that is formed by end cap (14), organic glass housing (15) and stainless steel external ground electrode shell (18) by gas three-way connection (21), and air pressure can reach 0.5MP; Built-in disk uhf sensor (26) is connected with microstrip line filter amplifier (8) through built-in disk uhf sensor outlet (19) by signal cable, and built-in annulus uhf sensor (24) is connected with microstrip line filter amplifier (8) through built-in annulus uhf sensor outlet (21) by signal cable; The artificial defect model is placed mouthful (20) and is put into the inner place of GIS analogue means (5) for defect model; The end cap of GIS analogue means (14), organic glass housing (15) and stainless steel external electrode housing (18), screw rod and nut (12), epoxy resin are strengthened the junction at pull bar positions such as (16) and are all adopted O-ring seal to seal.
Local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear analogue experiment installation and experimental technique, its experimental technique comprises: regulate induction voltage regulator (1), the experimental voltage that slowly raises is at first measured outside the maximum and is executed experimental voltage and initial PD voltage, applies initial PD voltage U then
St1.2～1.5 times of voltages, GIS analogue experiment installation (5) can produce the PD signal pulse under the artificial defect, PD pulse meeting inspires the uhf electromagnetic wave signal, and propagates in having the analogue experiment installation of guide properties; Built-in and external uhf sensor (6,7) receives the uhf electromagnetic wave signal (comprising transverse electric wave TE, transverse magnetic wave TM and transverse electromagnetic wave TEM) that GIS analogue experiment installation (5) neutralization leaks into surrounding space, after the amplification and filtering of voltage signal through microstrip line amplifilter (8) of built-in and external uhf sensor (6,7) induction, by ultrahigh frequency intelligent multichannel switch (9) by high-speed figure storage oscilloscope (10) acquired signal waveform, and deliver to computing machine (11) storage, and carry out the fault diagnosis and the pattern-recognition of PD signal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the PD signal experiment detecting system theory of constitution figure of GIS.
Fig. 2 is a GIS analogue means structural representation, and in Fig. 2: a place is the filthy defective of insulator surface; The b place is the external electrode veining defect; The c place is interior electrode veining defect; The d place is the free metal particle defects.
Fig. 3 is the A--A sectional view, and in Fig. 3: (27) are plug, and (28) are pin type defect model lay down location.
Fig. 4 is the B--B sectional view, and in Fig. 4: (29) are insulator defect model lay down location, and (30) are the insulator back up pad.
Fig. 5 is the distribution parameter equivalent circuit diagram of the coaxial transmission line of Saber emulation, and in Fig. 5: (31) are the test signal input point, end signal output point headed by (32), and (33) are the M signal output point, (34) are terminal signal output point.
Fig. 6 is the size synoptic diagram of the PD input analogue means of GIS, and in Fig. 6: (35) are the spherical shield cover.
Fig. 7 is the bloom preventive measure in the GIS analogue means flange design.
Fig. 8 is a GIS analogue means experimental wiring high-tension shielding synoptic diagram, and in Fig. 7: (36) are high-voltage connection.
Embodiment
Local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear analogue experiment installation and experimental technique, the detection method of its PD signal is: regulate induction voltage regulator (1), slowly the rising experimental voltage is at first measured outside the maximum and is executed experimental voltage and initial PD voltage, applies initial PD voltage U then
St1.2～1.5 times of voltages, GIS analogue experiment installation (5) can produce the PD signal pulse under the artificial defect, PD pulse meeting inspires the uhf electromagnetic wave signal, and propagates in having the analogue experiment installation of guide properties; Built-in and external uhf sensor (6,7) receives the uhf electromagnetic wave signal (comprising transverse electric wave TE, transverse magnetic wave TM and transverse electromagnetic wave TEM) that GIS analogue experiment installation (5) neutralization leaks into surrounding space, after the amplification and filtering of voltage signal through microstrip line amplifilter (8) of built-in and external uhf sensor (6,7) induction, by ultrahigh frequency intelligent multichannel switch (9) by high-speed figure storage oscilloscope (10) acquired signal waveform, and deliver to computing machine (11) storage, and carry out the fault diagnosis and the pattern-recognition of PD signal.Concrete experimental technique and experimental procedure are as follows:
One, experimental technique and experimental procedure
It is many-sided causing the reason that PD takes place in the GIS, influences the insulating medium performance defect and mainly contains between free metal particulate, the conductor electric or Mechanical Contact is bad, fixedly particulate, disc insulator defective, SF
6In be mixed with little water etc., the analogue experiment installation of the present invention design can be simulated above-mentioned various single defective and various combination defective.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing analogue experiment installation of the present invention and experimental technique are described further.
1, measures the maximum outer experimental voltage of executing.Do not placing under the artificial defect model case, connect experimental line, in the GIS analogue experiment installation, inject the experimental gas of certain pressure by gas three-way connection (20), regulate induction voltage regulator (1), slow rising experimental voltage, examining on the digital storage oscilloscope (9) has no signal, when the fine discharge pulse signal occurring, notes the applied voltage that is added on the analogue experiment installation this moment and (is U
Max), this magnitude of voltage is the highest applied voltage in the later experimentation, be that simulated experiment voltage can not surpass this magnitude of voltage, otherwise can be obscured with the PD signal that artificial defect causes by the local discharge signal that experimental provision itself produces, cause experimental result inaccurate, even whether can't discern be the PD signal that artificial defect produces.
2, measure initial PD voltage.Insert the artificial defect model that needs detection, by the experimental gas of gas three-way connection (20) toward the required pressure of the interior injection of GIS experimental provision, regulate induction voltage regulator (1), slow rising experimental voltage, examine the waveform on the digital storage oscilloscope (9), when discharge pulse occurring, note voltage this moment, be designated as U
St, this voltage is the firing potential of experiment.
3, experimental data collection.When artificial defect is done experiment, apply initial PD voltage U
St1.2～1.5 times, just can observe the PD signal that different artificial defects produce, by digital storage oscilloscope (9) record waveform this moment.According to experimental data repeatability and stable, considering the discharge has certain statistical law, experimental data can be pressed the group # record.This device is 1 group to different artificial defect experimental datas with 80～100 pulse trains and writes down more appropriately, writes down 15 groups altogether.
Two, the design of GIS analogue means physical dimension
In order to realize foregoing invention, the PD experimental provision of GIS that used the Saber design of Simulation, adopt circuit model to make up the mathematical model of electromagnetic wave propagation, by digital computation and Electromagnetic Simulation, disclose the various ultrahigh frequency electromagnet mode wave propagation of electromagnetic wave in the GIS coaxial configuration that the PD current impulse excites, decay, distortion, time delay, the situation of change of the frequency spectrum of reflection and refraction and source signal after propagating certain distance etc., at last according to the result and in conjunction with the GIS radial dimension of 220kV, and consider not produce local corona at the experimental voltage lower device, this analogue experiment installation is of a size of about 1/3 of reality.
1, electromagnetic wave propagation characteristic in the GIS
When among the GIS PD taking place, the discharge pulse duration is very short, and several approximately ns are to tens ns, and discharge pulse is steep, and its waveform rise time is approximately 1～2ns, and the equivalent frequency of this steep-sided pulse signal can belong to microwave region up to 1GHz.Therefore, the PD pulse not only can excite transverse-electromagnetic field wave (TEM) in GIS, and the higher mode ripple that can set up various compositions is TE wave (TE) and transverse magnetic wave (TM).
GIS basic structure is coaxial configuration, its xsect not only can be considered one coaxial round, also can be considered a good coaxial round waveguide.When the TEM ripple is propagated in GIS, GIS can be regarded as a coaxial transmission line structure, this coaxial transmission line can come equivalence with distributed constant circuit, and as shown in Figure 5, the computing formula of its distribution parameter is as follows.
Capacitance per unit length:
The unit length inductance:
Resistance per unit length:
Wherein:
A is the radius of inner wire in formula (1), (2) (3); B is the inside radius of shell; ε, μ are respectively the specific inductive capacity and the magnetic permeabilities of medium.δ s, σ are respectively the depth of penetration and the conductance of conductor in the formula (4).In this emulation, GIS coaxial configuration inner wire, shell are stainless steel, fill with SF
6Gas.
From perfect condition, the TEM ripple of any frequency can both be propagated in GIS coaxial configuration conductor.But along with the raising of frequency, the decay of signal increases gradually.
2, the design of bus size in the GIS
GIS analogue means basic structure is long L
0Stainless steel external ground electrode shell (18) make the external ground electrode, on stainless steel cylinder inner high voltage electrode (17), add experimental voltage, fill the SF of certain pressure between metallic cavity and inner wire
6Insulating gas, and add manual simulation's defective to produce the PD signal.In order to prevent edge effect, the outer conductor two ends are designed to parabola, and simultaneously interior cylindrical conductor is longer than external earth polar, the long L in both sides, external earth polar
1Column type organic glass housing (15) sealing, and high-pressure conductor is drawn from the organic glass two ends, the apparatus structure size as shown in Figure 6.
For the coaxial configuration cylinder electrode, when satisfying the ebb-flow discharge criterion, the surface electric field intensity E of radius-of-curvature smaller electrode
MaxFor
In the formula (E/p)
0Critical breakdown field strength under the-unit air pressure is 88.5kV/mm MPa
Electrode curvature radius in the r-; P-air pressure, MPa.
Breakdown field strength under different air pressure and air pressure relation can be thought
E
b＝E
0.1(10p)
n (6)
N is relevant with the kind that applies voltage with the electrode surface state in the formula, common n=0.75～0.8, and n can be low to moderate 0.65 when electrode surface is coarse.
According to breakdown field strength under the different air pressure and clearance distance, obtain the self-maintained discharge voltage U in the non-uniform electric field
0=E
MaxD/f, f are the electric field nonuniformity coefficient.
Experimental voltage can not be higher than 50kV in the laboratory, and analogue means inner wire overall diameter is designed to 2a=30mm, and the outer conductor interior diameter is designed to 2b=125mm, can not produce corona by calculating this size of checking.
3, GIS analogue means axial length design
When in the GIS metallic cavity PD taking place, the discharge pulse duration is very short, and discharge pulse is steep, and when carrying out GIS simulation Partial Discharge Detection, electromagnetic field propagation in device that the PD pulse that excites produces is by the sensor signal of different distributions.By to the TEM wave transfer characteristic emulation under different a, b size and the different length situation, the size of a, b is to the basic not influence of TEM ripple transmission, (rising edge is 1ns for the local discharge signal that makes simulation, the negative edge time is 10ns) aliasing do not take place, the sensor that influences signal receives, and needs GIS analogue means wire chamber that certain distance is axially arranged.
Axial length is unsuitable oversize, otherwise difficulty of processing is very big, and expense is very high simultaneously.So in the above factor of consideration with under in conjunction with the Experimental design size, selecting the external ground electrode length is length 500mm, interior cylinder electrode length is 1500mm, and two terminal circle column type organic glass length is 500mm.
4, GIS analogue means THICKNESS CALCULATION method
Hyperbar SF is filled in the GIS analogue means existence of the present invention's design
6Vacuumize the cleaning device two states before gas and the pressurising, so should consider that when design pressure is considered device tolerance external pressure again in the device tolerance.Therefore must carry out the verification of thickness.Adopt following pressure vessel THICKNESS CALCULATION method:
(a) bear in the computing formula of pressure cylinder formula pressure vessel wall thickness
In the following formula, S
i: wall of a container thick (mm); P: design pressure (MPa); D: median surface diameter (mm); C: be additional thickness; [σ]: the value of permissible stress [σ] has following provisions in the materials used permissible stress formula: at normal temperatures, get
In smaller value, and the regulation n
b=4.0, n
s=2.5 (MPa).
(b) bear the computing formula of external pressure cartridge type pressure vessel wall thickness
In the following formula, S
0: wall of a container thick (mm); D: the median surface diameter (mm) of container; P
Cr: emergent pressure (N/m2); E: the elastic modulus of materials used (N/m2), for stainless steel E generally between 172-200GPa.
By material specification and performance parameter, calculate the employing stainless steel seamless pipe, S when in bearing, pressing
i〉=2mm, S when bearing external pressure
o〉=4.9mm.In the reality, pressure raises because shelf depreciation can make in the analogue means in short-term, and SF6 decomposing gas thing has certain corrosivity, can suitably strengthen outer cover intensity nargin on above-mentioned basis, so S gets 10mm.In like manner, after process was calculated and added intensity nargin, the thickness S of organic glass got 20mm.
Three, GIS analogue means bloom prevention method
1, the flange design of GIS analogue means
The GIS analogue means exists sealing problem, in this analogue means, use the joint connected mode, the connection of seam crossing adopts flange to connect, its connected mode as shown in Figure 7: at the place that is tightly connected, the border is that circular arc and the border Electric Field Distribution when being the right angle is shown in accompanying drawing 7 (a) and (b).Too concentrated for fear of end face internal field, outer wire ground electrode end face is made paraboloidal, makes electric field and border approaching vertical, thereby improves the Electric Field Distribution of end, makes local corona does not take place under experimental voltage.
2, the electrode screening of PD signal detection system design
Carry out in the PD test experience of GIS, high-voltage connection and electrode screening all should be not have to swoon, and all will adopt adequate shielding and all press measure the most advanced and sophisticated position on noble potential and the earth potential in the High-Voltage Experimentation, avoid producing on these positions discharge.
In order to reduce surface electric field intensity, just must increase the surface curvature radius, increase interpolar or distance over the ground, the surfacing of attention electrode and smooth.High-field electrode can adopt the radome (35) of sphere or Crossed Circle, and lead-in wire must adopt large diameter metal tube.High-voltage connection (36) is effective with smooth aluminum pipe, but weight inflexibility greatly again is suitable for inconvenience.Because this simulated experiment institute making alive is no more than 50kV, therefore adopting the flexible metal conduit of diameter 30mm to do high-voltage connection can meet the demands.Lead-in wire is that the Metal Ball of 60mm is all pressed with the junction of device with diameter, and embodiment as shown in Figure 8.
Local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear analogue experiment installation provided by the invention and experimental technique, can be in the inner various single and combination defectives of experiment lab simulation GIS, and by high-speed figure storage oscilloscope acquired signal waveform and deliver to computer stored and handle and carry out PD Fault Diagnosis and identification.This invention can be widely used in teaching, scientific research institutions and device fabrication producer, is used for GIS equipment presence is detected the theoretical analysis and the applied research of PD signal.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear analogue experiment installation and experimental technique; Its experimental provision is put protective resistance (3), standard capacitor divider (4), GIS analogue experiment installation (5), inside and outside ultra-high frequency antenna sensor (6) (7), microstrip line filter amplifier (8), ultrahigh frequency intelligent multichannel switch (9), wideband high speed vast capacity digital storage oscilloscope (10), microcomputer (11) formation by induction voltage regulator (1), the dizzy experimental transformer (2) of nothing, no office; Wherein: the physical dimension of GIS analogue experiment installation (5) is 1/3 of homemade 220kVGIS physical size, and it is by screw rod and nut (12), copper binding post (13), end cap (14), organic glass housing (15), epoxy resin is strengthened pull bar (16), stainless steel cylinder inner high voltage electrode (17), stainless steel external ground electrode shell (18), built-in disk uhf sensor outlet (19), the artificial defect model is placed mouthful (20), pressure vacuum gauge and gas three-way connection (21), built-in annulus uhf sensor outlet (22), interior electrode insulation back up pad (23), holddown spring (24), built-in annulus uhf sensor (25), built-in disk uhf sensor (26) is formed; Strengthening pull bar (16) by screw rod and nut (12) with epoxy resin between end cap (14), organic glass housing (15) and the stainless steel external electrode housing (18) is connected, and forming a columned cavity body structure, the cavity two ends adopt the organic glass housing to be convenient to place defective sample and observation experiment process; Execute experimental voltage outward and be added to inner high voltage electrode (17), form the conductor of a noble potential by copper binding post (13) and holddown spring (24); Inner high voltage electrode (17) hits exactly by the cavity that insulation support plate (23) is fixed on organic glass housing (15) and stainless steel external ground electrode shell (18), forms the coaxial waveguide of propagating ultra-high frequency signal; SF
6Gas enters the cavity that is formed by end cap (14), organic glass housing (15) and stainless steel external ground electrode shell (18) by gas three-way connection (21), and air pressure can reach 0.5MP; Built-in disk uhf sensor (26) is connected with microstrip line filter amplifier (8) through built-in disk uhf sensor outlet (19) by signal cable, and built-in annulus uhf sensor (24) is connected with microstrip line filter amplifier (8) through built-in annulus uhf sensor outlet (21) by signal cable; The artificial defect model is placed mouthful (20) and is put into the inner place of GIS analogue means (5) for defect model; The end cap of GIS analogue means (14), organic glass housing (15) and stainless steel external electrode housing (18), screw rod and nut (12), epoxy resin are strengthened the junction at pull bar positions such as (16) and are all adopted O-ring seal to seal.
2, local discharge of gas-insulator switchgear analogue experiment installation according to claim 1 and experimental technique, it is characterized in that, described experimental technique comprises: regulate induction voltage regulator (1), slow rising experimental voltage, at first measure outside the maximum and execute experimental voltage and initial PD voltage, apply initial PD voltage U then
St1.2～1.5 times of voltages, GIS analogue experiment installation (5) can produce the PD signal pulse under the artificial defect, PD pulse meeting inspires the uhf electromagnetic wave signal, and propagates in having the analogue experiment installation of guide properties; Built-in and external uhf sensor (6,7) receives the uhf electromagnetic wave signal (comprising transverse electric wave TE, transverse magnetic wave TM and transverse electromagnetic wave TEM) that GIS analogue experiment installation (5) neutralization leaks into surrounding space, after the amplification and filtering of voltage signal through microstrip line amplifilter (8) of built-in and external uhf sensor (6,7) induction, by ultrahigh frequency intelligent multichannel switch (9) by high-speed figure storage oscilloscope (10) acquired signal waveform, and deliver to computing machine (11) storage, and carry out the fault diagnosis and the pattern-recognition of PD signal.
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| JPH10210647A (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 1998-08-07 | Tohoku Electric Power Co Inc | Insulation abnormality diagnosing equipment |
| JP3056016U (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 1999-02-02 | 布川 航司 | Tea strainer for one person |
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