CN1667985B

CN1667985B - SDH/SONET non-loading plug-in method and apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN1667985B
Application number: CN 200510059204
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马彬
Original assignee: UTStarcom Telecom Co Ltd
Current assignee: UTStarcom Telecom Co Ltd
Priority date: 2005-03-24
Filing date: 2005-03-24
Publication date: 2010-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2025-03-24
Also published as: CN1667985A

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for plugging unload bytes of SDH/SONET and a circuit including generating high-low order channel to load the data stream, among which, the effective pointer value is plugged into H6, H2 high-order pointer positions to the high-order channel, zero bytes are plugged into other overhead bytes and net charge positions, thus, C2 bytes are zero and the lower reach device receives the channel without loading instruction information, the effective pointer value is given at V1, V2 bytes and zero is plugged into other overhead and net charge positions to realize that zero is plugged into the V5 byte unload bit so as to realize low order unload plug, which omits the pointer analysis circuit.

Description

The SDH/SONET unloaded is inserted method and apparatus

Technical field

The present invention relates in general to the optical transmission field, specifically, relates to unloaded in digital synchronous system (SDH)/Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) system, that save circuit scale and memory span and inserts method and apparatus.

Background technology

In synchronous digital transmission systems such as SDH/SONET, some passages occur through regular meeting and send empty business, cause upstream device to send a lot of useless alarms, thereby reduce the efficient of device processes alarm.In order to address this problem, by carrying out unloaded alarm insertion in high-order intersection and low order interlace algorithm, the business of telling this higher order path of upstream device or low order channel is useless empty business, makes the downstream not handle this sky business; Perhaps when the no active traffic of local output source, avoid the upstream device alarm by inserting unloaded down.

Be illustrated in figure 1 as the frame structure of SDH STM-1 or SONET STS-3, the AU-4 pointer is included among the H1, H2 byte of frame structure fourth line, its fixed-site.Locate the position of VC-4 in the AU-4 frame according to the AU-4 pointer.The definition of high-order unloaded in I TU-T and ansi standard is that the C2 byte in the VC-4 path overhead is set to complete zero.Because C2 floats in the AU-4 frame, so conventional method inserts unloaded for certain higher order path, needs earlier to insert complete zero could for then the C2 byte by explaining that H1 and H2 pointer calculate the position of C2.

Be illustrated in figure 2 as TU-11, TU-12 and the TU-2 low order frame structure of SDH or SONET, shown the position of V1/V2 and the mapping structure of VC among the figure.For low order channels such as TU-11, TU-12, TU-2, the definition of low order unloaded in ITU-T and ansi standard is that the 5th, 6,7 bit in the path overhead V5 byte among the VC-11/VC-12/VC-2 is set to zero.In low order channels such as TU-11, TU-12, TU-2, four continuous frames are formed a multi-frame, and the V5 byte is located by V1, V2 pointer byte, V1, and the position of V2 is by path overhead byte H4 indication, and the H4 byte is indicated by high-order pointer H1, H2.When therefore conventional method is given certain TU-11, TU-12, TU-2 low order channel insertion unloaded, at first to find out the position of V1 and V2 byte in the multi-frame according to the H4 byte, the pointer value that goes out according to the V1/V2 pointer interpreter is found out the position of V5 again, and the 5th, 6,7 bits that just can finish in the V5 byte insert zero.

Be illustrated in figure 3 as the TU-3 low order frame structure of SDH or SONET, shown position and the VC mapping structure of H1/H2 among the figure.For the TU-3 low order channel, the definition of low order unloaded in ITU-T and ansi standard is that the C2 byte in the VC-3 path overhead is set to complete zero.Conventional method inserts unloaded for certain TU-3 low order channel, need explain the position of VC-3 according to the pointer H1/H2 of TU-3, thereby obtain the position of overhead byte C2, inserts complete zero to C2 then.

The structure chart that has shown above-mentioned conventional method among Fig. 4, it is a very complicated process that low-order pointer is wherein explained, need use state machine and a lot of memory cell, takies ample resources, the circuit service efficiency is low.And in each higher order path or low order channel, cause the C2/V5 byte location possibility of each passage different, so each passage all needs to do same work because of the pointer adjustment.For a STM-4 (622Mbps) data flow, carry out the high-order pointer interpreter and need take LUT more than 300 (Xilinx Virtex2) according to conventional method.

Summary of the invention

The unloaded that the invention provides a kind of novelty is inserted method and apparatus, its need resource seldom, and circuit is simple, and durability is strong.The present invention transposition circuit or the output of other circuit unloaded data flow of living again.According to whether inserting the unloaded control line, select dateout should derive from the unloaded data flow that original data are still lived again.

Owing to when C2 inserts unloaded, just mean that payload content is meaningless,, throw away old passage, and regenerate a unloaded data channel so the present invention proposes just not realize inserting under the passage unloaded by pointer interpreter.Normal unloaded information also can be received in the downstream like this, thereby does not influence the normal transmission of other business.

One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method that is used for inserting at input traffic the unloaded data flow, comprises step: the frame structure index signal according to input traffic is calculated frame structure, produces the row, column counting of described frame; Generate position indicative signal according to described row, column counting, what described position indicative signal was indicated is the position of pointing to the pointer of the byte that identifies the unloaded data flow; It is characterized in that, insert effective pointer value in the position of the pointer of the byte of point identification unloaded data flow, and insert all-zero words joint, thereby produce the unloaded data flow in other positions of this frame; Insert enable signal according to unloaded, whether need to select slotting unloaded data flow down, then replace the input channel data if necessary with the unloaded data flow data, otherwise will be straight-through the input channel data; Wherein, if there is the multiplexing end section overhead step of living again in the downstream of described method, then insert any valid pointer value in the position of the pointer of the byte of described point identification unloaded data flow; If the downstream of described method does not have the multiplexing end section overhead step of living again, then insert identical valid pointer value in the position of the pointer of the byte of described point identification unloaded data flow.

A kind of equipment that is used for inserting at input traffic the unloaded data flow is provided in another aspect of this invention, comprise: frame structure counting generator, be used for calculating frame structure, produce the row, column counting of described frame according to the frame structure index signal of input traffic; The pointer indication signal generator is used to receive above line, column count and generates position indicative signal according to described row, column counting, and described position indicative signal is indicated is the position of pointer of pointing to the byte of sign unloaded data flow; It is characterized in that this equipment also comprises unloaded data flow generator, be used for inserting effective pointer value, and insert all-zero words joint, thereby produce the unloaded data flow in other positions of this frame in the position of the pointer of the byte of point identification unloaded data flow; And multiplexer, insert enable signal according to unloaded, whether need to select slotting unloaded data flow down, then replace the input channel data if necessary with the unloaded data flow data, otherwise will be straight-through the input channel data; Wherein, if there is the multiplexing end section overhead module of living again in the downstream of described equipment, then insert any valid pointer value in the position of the pointer of the byte of described point identification unloaded data flow; If the downstream of described equipment does not have the multiplexing end section overhead module of living again, then insert identical valid pointer value in the position of the pointer of the byte of described point identification unloaded data flow.

Find out thus, do not need to seek the particular location of C2, V5 in the present invention, thereby omitted the pointer interpreter circuit, saved chip area greatly, reduce chip cost by pointer interpreter.The present invention only need be less than 50LUT (Xilinx Virtex2).Therefore in having the circuit of pointer interpreter function, high-order intersection, low order interlace algorithm or some can not save area of chip in large quantities.For transposition circuit, insert if accomplish all configurable unloaded of any passage, just need each group data channel all will carry out pointer interpreter according to conventional method, so along with the increase of cross-capacity, the circuit area increase that also becomes second nature.The high-order that for example will be a 2.5Gbps intersects entirely, so just needs 1200LUT (Xilinx Virtex2) at least.Adopt the then size of cross-capacity no matter of the present invention as shown in Figure 5, Key Circuit is less than 50LUT (XilinxVirtex2).

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shines upon the into schematic diagram of AU from VC for SDH STM-1 or SONET STS-3 high-order;

Fig. 2 shines upon the into schematic diagram of TU multi-frame for SDH/SONET low order channel TU-2/TU-11/TU-12 from VC;

Fig. 3 shines upon the into schematic diagram of TU-3 for the low stage structure VC-3 of SDH;

Fig. 4 is traditional unloaded insertion method structure chart;

Fig. 5 is the application example block diagram of intersecting according to high-order of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the block diagram that inserts equipment according to high-order unloaded of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is that SONET STS-1 unloaded is inserted flow chart;

Fig. 8 is a SDH STM-1 pointer byte time slot indicator diagram;

Fig. 9 is high-order AU-4 or low order TU-3 pointer code pattern;

Figure 10 is the block diagram that inserts equipment according to low order unloaded of the present invention;

Figure 11 is a low order TU-2/TU-11/TU-12 pointer code pattern.

Embodiment

Fig. 6 and Figure 10 show the embodiment of high-order unloaded and the insertion of low order unloaded respectively.The effect of each functional block is described according to these two embodiment below.For SDH frame structure smallest particles is STM-1, and sonet frame structure smallest particles is STS-1, but this method is for STM-N, and frame construction method such as STS-N are similar, below only STM-1 and STS-1 structure is made an explanation.Those skilled in the art will readily understand that identical method also can be used for frame structures such as STM-N, STS-N.

Embodiment 1: the high-order unloaded is inserted

Fig. 6 shows the structure that the high-order unloaded is inserted equipment, comprising frame structure counting generator 1, is used for producing the row, column counting according to the frame structure index signal; Pointer indication signal generator 2 receives the index signal that above-mentioned ranks, counting and generation are used to locate H1, H2; Unloaded data flow generator 3 according to the indication of index signal, inserts pointer value and whole insertion zero bytes of other bytes respectively at pointer position, thereby produces the unloaded data flow; And multiplexer 4, select whether to insert this unloaded data flow.

Working method to these several parts is specifically described below.

Shown in Fig. 7 step a, when frame head is effective, 1 zero clearing of frame structure counting generator, when header signal was low, each clock cycle column counter added up 1, is added to 269/89, and zero clearing then repeats each periodic accumulation 1 of front subsequently.When column counter meter linage-counter to 289/89 time adds 1, other the time keep.Produce the capable counting of SDH/SOENT frame line_cnt (9 row) thus, column count colmn_cnt (270 row/90 row).The row, column counting that is produced is transfused to pointer indication signal generator 2.

Shown in Fig. 7 step b, for SONET STS-1, equal 3 at line_cnt, colmn_cnt equals at 0 o'clock, and the H1 index signal is high, and other time slots are low; Equal 3 at line_cnt, colmn_cnt equals at 1 o'clock, and the H2 index signal is high, and other time slots are low.For SDH STM-1, three H1 and three H2 bytes are arranged, owing to there is pointer cascade relation, wherein second is consistent with the 3rd H1 value, and second is consistent with the 3rd H2 value, therefore produces four index signals at pointer indication signal generator 2, be used to refer to first H1 byte respectively, second and third H1 byte, first H2 byte, and second and third H2 byte.As shown in Figure 8.These four index signals are imported in the unloaded data flow generator 3.

Shown in Fig. 7 step c, for SONET STS-1 type, H1, H2 pointer are encoded as Fig. 9.The SS bit can be by the register setting in the H1 pointer, because find in the practical application, different instrument requires different to the SS bit when the different frame type.H1[1:0] and H2[7:0] form pointer value, this pointer value will belong to the valid pointer scope.When this module downstream had multiplexing end section overhead to live again module, H1, H2 can be any significant pointer value; If instead this module downstream does not have the multiplexing end section overhead module of living again, insert H1 so, during the H2 different value, can cause the B2 mistake in computation.Because data stream B that sends out 2 and non-H1, the byte of H2 has been inserted the all-zero word joint, and the B2 value that the downstream calculates can equal the value of H1^H2, when H1 and H2 do not wait, the value that XOR comes out must non-full zero, so will be unequal with the B2 value transmitted in the data flow, will report the B2 error code.Therefore if the downstream does not have the multiplexing end module of living again, H1, the H2 value will be inserted identical value, during for STS-1 high-order pointer effective range 0～782, H1 so, the H2 byte can be made as 8 ' h0110SS00,8 ' h0110SS01 or 8 ' h0110SS10, and can not be arranged to 8 ' h0110SS11, no matter like this what value the SS bit is set to, all can exceed pointer range.Other bytes beyond the pointer are all inserted the all-zero word joint.For SDH STM-1 type, as shown in Figure 8, insert H1, the same SONET STS-1 of H2 pointer value type for h1_slot1 and h2_slot2 time slot.Require to insert 8 ' h1001SS11 for the h1_slot23 time slot according to the ITU-T standard code, require to insert 8 ' h11111111 for the h2_slot23 time slot.And when identical, just can guarantee that B2 does not make mistakes with first H2 value for first H1 of each STM-1.Other bytes of pointer are all inserted the all-zero word joint.

At last, shown in Fig. 7 steps d, multiplexer 4 inserts enable signal according to the unloaded of register configuration, selects each passage of STM-N/STS-N data flow whether to need slotting unloaded down, this passage of the words of wanting is replaced with the unloaded data flow data, otherwise straight-through the input channel data.

Embodiment 2: the low order unloaded is inserted

Figure 10 is the structure chart that the low order unloaded is inserted equipment, comprising the frame structure counting generator 10 that is used for producing according to frame alignment signal the row, column counting; Pointer indication signal generator 20 is according to frame structure counter and H4_byte[1:0] judge to produce V1, V2 index signal; Unloaded data flow generator 30 according to the indication of signal-arm, inserts pointer value respectively at pointer position, and other bytes are all inserted the all-zero word joint, and can whether insert the H4 sequence at the H4 byte location according to the user's request decision; And multiplexer 40, be used for selecting whether to insert this unloaded data flow.

Work to these several parts is specifically described below.

Be illustrated in figure 2 as low order TU-2, TU-11, TU-12 mapping structure, it is a multi-frame structure as can be known from figure, has 4 bytes (V1, V2, V3 and V4) to give the TU pointer in the TU multi-frame and uses.Wherein V1 is the 1st byte of TU multi-frame, also is the 1st byte of the 1st TU frame in the multi-frame.V2 then is the 1st of each TU frame the byte subsequently in the multi-frame to V4.At first according to the frame structure index signal C1J1 (C1 in the SDH/SONET data flow of VC3/VC4, it during the j1 byte position high level, other are for low), SPE (SDH/SONET data flow VC3/VC4 payload position is a high level, and other are low), calculate VC3/VC4 frame structure line count device.When C1J1 and SPE line count device zero clearing during simultaneously for high (being the j1 byte position), when SPE be high level and C1J1 when being low level each clock cycle column counter add up 1, when column counter meter linage-counter to 86/280 time adds 1, other the time keep.Produce the capable counting of VC3/VC4 frame line_cnt (9 row) thus, column count colmn_cnt (87 row/281 row).The row, column counting that is produced is transfused to pointer indication signal generator 20.

Pointer indication signal generator 20 is according to frame structure row, column counting and H4-byte[1:0] generate V1, V2 pointer index signal.With the STS-1/TU-11 type is example, and when line_cnt equals 0, colmn_cnt is greater than 0 less than 29, and H4_byte[1:0] equal at 0 o'clock, the V1 index signal is a high level, other time slots are low level.When line_cnt equals 0, colmn_cnt is greater than 0 less than 29, and H4_byte[1:0] equal at 1 o'clock, the V2 index signal is a high level, other time slots are low level.Afterwards, described V1, V2 pointer index signal are sent to unloaded data flow generator 30.

In unloaded data flow generator 30, for low order TU-3 type, H1, H2 pointer are encoded as Fig. 9.The SS bit can be by the register setting in the H1 pointer, because find in the practical application, different instrument requires different to the SS bit when the different frame type.If there are the path overhead module of living again, H1[1:0 in this module downstream] and H2[7:0] form pointer value, as long as this pointer value belongs to the valid pointer scope.If instead this module downstream does not have the path overhead module of living again, insert H1 so, during the H2 different value, can cause the B3 mistake in computation, because B3 and non-H1, H2 byte have been inserted all-zero word joint, the B3 that calculates of downstream just equals H1^H2 so, and the value that XOR came out when H1 and H2 did not wait must be not equal to complete zero, variant with the full null value of B3 of expectation, the B3 error code can be reported in the downstream.Therefore H1, the H2 value will be inserted identical value, during for TU-3 low-order pointer effective range 0～764, H1 so, the H2 byte can be made as 8 ' h0110SS00,8 ' h0110SS01 or 8 ' h0110SS10, can not be arranged to 8 ' h0110SS11.Because be arranged to 8 ' h0110SS11, all can exceed pointer range no matter what value the SS bit is set to.Other bytes of pointer are all inserted the all-zero word joint.

For low order TU-11 type, V1, the V2 pointer is encoded as Figure 11.If there are the path overhead module of living again, V1[1:0 in this module downstream] and V2[7:0] form pointer value, as long as this pointer value belongs to the valid pointer scope.If this module downstream does not have the path overhead module of living again, insert V1 so, during the V2 different value, can cause the B3 mistake in computation, because B3 and non-V1, V2 byte have been inserted all-zero word joint, the B3 that calculates of downstream just equals V1^V2 so, and the value that XOR came out when V1 and V2 did not wait must be not equal to complete zero, variant with the full null value of B3 of expectation, the B3 error code can be reported in the downstream.V1 so, the V2 value will be inserted identical value, during for TU-11 low-order pointer effective range 0～103, V1 so, the I of V2 byte is made as 8 ' h01101100, however even so, the pointer value of TU-11 has been 108, has surpassed effective range.Therefore can not compensate by inserting pointer value for TU-11.Other bytes of pointer are all inserted the all-zero word joint.

For low order TU-12 type, V1, the V2 pointer is encoded as Figure 11.If there are the path overhead module of living again, V1[1:0 in this module downstream] and V2[7:0] form pointer value, as long as this pointer value belongs to the valid pointer scope.If this module downstream does not have the path overhead module of living again, insert V1 so, during the V2 different value, can cause the B3 mistake in computation, because B3 has inserted the all-zero word joint, the same TU-11 type of reason is described.V1 so, the V2 value will be inserted identical value, during for TU-12 low-order pointer effective range 0～139, V1 so, the V2 byte can only be made as 8 ' h01101100, and latter two bit is that nonzero value all can make pointer go beyond the scope.Other bytes of pointer are all inserted the all-zero word joint.

For low order TU-2 type, ueq_data[7:0 when v1_slot is effective] insert normal pointer value 8 ' h011000ID, when v2_slot is effective, insert V2 pointer value 8 ' hIDIDIDID in the data.V1[1:0] and V2[7:0] form pointer value, this pointer value will belong to the valid pointer scope.If this module downstream does not have the path overhead module of living again, insert V1 so, during the V2 different value, can cause the B3 mistake in computation, the same TU-11 type of reason is described.V1 so, the V2 value will be inserted identical value, during for TU-12 low-order pointer effective range 0～427, V1 so, the V2 byte can be made as 8 ' h01100000 or 8 ' h01100001, and latter two bit is 10,11 pointer is gone beyond the scope.Other bytes of pointer are all inserted the all-zero word joint.

At last, multiplexer 40 inserts enable signal according to the unloaded of register configuration, selects each passage of STM-N/STS-N data flow whether to need slotting unloaded down, and this passage of the words of is replaced with the unloaded data flow data, otherwise straight-through the input channel data.

In addition in the present invention in the unloaded data flow except inserting H1, H2 byte, non-zero can be inserted in regenerator section and multiplexing end overhead byte position, but the non-zero byte all can not be inserted in H3 byte and other high order payload positions, because C2 oneself may be present in the position of these bytes, may carry the VC byte when the negative justification as H3 when pointer is adjusted.

Embodiment at the high-order data flow is described according to SDH STM-1/SONET STS-1 speed above, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention also can be applied to higher rate similarly, and the present invention does not have specific limited to implementing speed.

Claims

1. method that is used for inserting at input traffic the unloaded data flow comprises step:

Frame structure index signal according to input traffic is calculated frame structure, produces the row, column counting of described frame;

Generate position indicative signal according to described row, column counting, what described position indicative signal was indicated is the position of pointing to the pointer of the byte that identifies the unloaded data flow;

It is characterized in that,

Effective pointer value is inserted in position at the pointer of the byte of point identification unloaded data flow, and inserts all-zero words joint in other positions of this frame, thereby produces the unloaded data flow;

Insert enable signal according to unloaded, whether need to select slotting unloaded data flow down, then replace the input channel data if necessary with the unloaded data flow data, otherwise will be straight-through the input channel data;

Wherein, if there is the multiplexing end section overhead step of living again in the downstream of described method, then insert any valid pointer value in the position of the pointer of the byte of described point identification unloaded data flow; If the downstream of described method does not have the multiplexing end section overhead step of living again, then insert identical valid pointer value in the position of the pointer of the byte of described point identification unloaded data flow.

2. the method for claim 1, wherein said input traffic is the STM-N/STS-N data flow, wherein the value of N value can be the effective value of agreement regulation arbitrarily.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said insertion method are to insert at the high-order unloaded data flow of AU-3, AU-4, TU-3 in the STM-N/STS-N data flow.

4. method as claimed in claim 3, the byte of wherein said sign unloaded data flow are the C2 bytes in the frame, and the pointer byte of sensing C2 byte is H1, H2 byte among AU-PTR or the TU-3PTR.

5. method as claimed in claim 4, the wherein said step that generates position indicative signal according to described row, column counting comprises the position that directly obtains H1, H2 byte by described row, column counting.

6. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said insertion method are to insert at the low order unloaded data flow of TU-2, TU-11, TU-12 in the STM-N/STS-N data flow.

7. method as claimed in claim 6, the byte of wherein said sign unloaded data flow are the V5 bytes in the frame, and the pointer byte of sensing V5 byte is V1, V2 byte in the multi-frame.

8. method as claimed in claim 7, the wherein said step that generates position indicative signal according to described row, column counting comprises at first calculates described row, column counting, counts to get the position of pointer V1, V2 then according to H4 indication and described row, column.

9. as the described method of any claim among the claim 1-8, wherein be that the valid pointer value inserted of the pointer of the byte of each described point identification unloaded data flow is identical.

10. equipment that is used for inserting at input traffic the unloaded data flow comprises:

Frame structure counting generator is used for calculating frame structure according to the frame structure index signal of input traffic, produces the row, column counting of described frame;

The pointer indication signal generator is used to receive above line, column count and generates position indicative signal according to described row, column counting, and described position indicative signal is indicated is the position of pointer of pointing to the byte of sign unloaded data flow;

It is characterized in that this equipment also comprises

Unloaded data flow generator is used for inserting effective pointer value in the position of the pointer of the byte of point identification unloaded data flow, and inserts all-zero words joint in other positions of this frame, thereby produces the unloaded data flow; And

Multiplexer inserts enable signal according to unloaded, whether need to select slotting unloaded data flow down, then replaces the input channel data with the unloaded data flow data if necessary, otherwise will be straight-through the input channel data;

Wherein, if there is the multiplexing end section overhead module of living again in the downstream of described equipment, then insert any valid pointer value in the position of the pointer of the byte of described point identification unloaded data flow; If the downstream of described equipment does not have the multiplexing end section overhead module of living again, then insert identical valid pointer value in the position of the pointer of the byte of described point identification unloaded data flow.

11. equipment as claimed in claim 10, wherein said input traffic are the STM-N/STS-N data flow, wherein the value of N value can be the effective value of any agreement regulation.

12. equipment as claimed in claim 11, wherein said insertion equipment are set for the high-order unloaded data flow of AU-3, AU-4, TU-3 in the STM-N/STS-N data flow and insert.

13. equipment as claimed in claim 12, the byte of wherein said sign unloaded data flow are the C2 bytes in the frame, and the pointer byte of sensing C2 byte is H1, H2 byte among AU-PTR or the TU-3PTR.

14. equipment as claimed in claim 13, wherein said pointer indication signal generator are set for the position that directly obtains H1, H2 byte by described row, column counting.

15. equipment as claimed in claim 11, wherein said insertion equipment are set for the low order unloaded data flow of TU-2, TU-11, TU-12 in the STM-N/STS-N data flow and insert.

16. equipment as claimed in claim 15, the byte of wherein said sign unloaded data flow are the V5 bytes in the frame, and the pointer byte of sensing V5 byte is V1, V2 byte in the multi-frame.

17. equipment as claimed in claim 16, wherein said pointer indication signal generator is set at first and counts to get low order frame structure counter by described row, column, obtains the position of pointer V1, V2 then according to pointer H4.

18., wherein unloaded data flow generator is arranged to: for the pointer of the byte of each described point identification unloaded data flow inserts identical valid pointer value as the described equipment of any claim among the claim 10-17.