Electronic, electrical and mechanical integrated dragging formula oil pumper
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of petroleum machinery, belong to a kind of electronic, electrical and mechanical integrated dragging formula oil pumper especially.
Background technology
The oil pumper that generally adopts in the world is mainly beam pumping unit at present.This oil pumper is made up of mechanisms such as threephase asynchronous, belt pulley, reductor, rocking arm, walking beams.Its operating principle is that asynchronous motor is passed to reductor by belt with power, and reductor drives rocking arm, forces walking beam to produce and swings up and down motion around fixed point, realizes the up-and-down movement of sucker rod.The long-term production practice shows that there are the following problems for beam pumping unit: the entire system transmission efficiency is low, less than 50%; The power factor of system is low, and average is about 0.4; System's floor space is big, and the average floor space of general individual well is at 50m
2About; Number of strokes will be by regulating the diameter of belt pulley, and balance is by regulating the balance weight on the rocking arm, and reductor need lubricate wet goods, makes adjustment difficult in maintenance.Cause the waste of cost for oil production and workload serious,, bring tremendous influence for the profit of oil play in oil price international today.
The problem that exists in actual use at beam pumping unit, people have carried out multinomial transformation and research to this for many years, representational patent of invention has: the patent of invention of application in the 2002 (patent No.: 02120836.0) " through the curved beam-pumping unit of assembly pulley driving ", invented a kind of curved beam-pumping unit that drives through assembly pulley, the horse head of beam-pumping unit, walking beam part and assembly pulley and different engine-actuating units are combined in this invention.But it does not fundamentally change the basic transmission mode of beam pumping unit.(patent No.: 03111689.2) " electrical submersible screw rod oil pumper ", it relates to a kind of screw rod oil pumper, the particularly deceleration device of screw rod oil pumper to the patent of invention of application in 2003.The electrical submersible screw rod oil pumper of this invention adopts the gear-driven planetary reduction gear of circular arc profile, and it is higher 1.3~1.95 times than the reducer supporting capacity of involute gear; Owing to adopt the structure of Gear Planet Transmission, so the rotating speed of its output is lower.This invention belongs to the oil pumper that gear reduction is arranged.The patent of invention of application in 1991 (patent No.: 91107955.6) " low-speed driving system with stepless speed regulation for beam oil-pumping unit ", invented a kind of low-speed driving system with stepless speed regulation for beam oil-pumping unit that is exclusively used in the oil field stripper well.Mainly comprise power set, electromagnetic slip clutches and speed control system.This invention is to realize speed Control by electromagnetic slip clutch, but the frame for movement of oil pumper does not change.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for solving the problem of above-mentioned existence, a kind of electronic, electrical and mechanical integrated dragging formula oil pumper is provided, the closed-loop system that the basic functional principle of its oil pumping acting is made up of single-chip microcomputer (or PLC), the power supply of control power electronics power supply, adopt the low speed high torque rare-earth permanent-magnet synchronous motor directly to drive the positive and reverse steering of traction machine, the power of traction sheave arrives sucker rod by assembly pulley through wire rope transfers, make sucker rod along with the variable motion of traction type oil extractor and positive and reverse steering and speed change and pumping being finished the oil pumping acting.The operating principle that head moves forward and backward is by artificial or driven by motor screw rod running, seesaws along guide rail thereby drive head, and head can be moved forward and backward.
Frame for movement of the present invention is formed and is comprised frame, head travel mechanism, assembly pulley, traction machine, sucker rod and counterweight; The frame top is provided with head travel mechanism, the guide rail of head travel mechanism is located at the frame top, and the end that screw rod has handle is fixed on the frame by channel-section steel, and the other end is fixed on the frame by fixed mount, screw rod is connected with nut with head, and head seesaws along guide rail; Traction machine is fixed on by channel-section steel on the base of frame, and an end of wire rope is fixed on frame top by assembly pulley on the traction sheave of traction machine, and the other end of wire rope is fixed on the head by assembly pulley; Counterweight is installed on the pulley 6, is suspended in the frame, pumps along counterweight guide rail 5; Sucker rod is installed on the pulley 17.
The present invention is divided into two kinds of basic structures: the built-in and traction machine external of traction machine.Traction machine is built-in, and promptly traction machine places frame inside, and its pulley block structure is: the pulley 7 on the frame, and the pulley 6 on the counterweight is formed assembly pulley I; Pulley 15 on the head, pulley 16, the pulley 17 on the sucker rod is formed assembly pulley II; An end of wire rope is connected the frame top by pulley 7, the pulley 6 of assembly pulley I successively on the traction sheave of traction machine, and the other end of wire rope is connected on the head by pulley 15, pulley 16, the pulley 17 of assembly pulley II successively; The traction machine external, promptly traction machine places the frame outside, and its pulley block structure is: the pulley 22 on the frame, pulley 23, the pulley 6 on the counterweight is formed assembly pulley III; Pulley 21 on the frame, the pulley 16 on the head, the pulley 17 on the sucker rod is formed assembly pulley IV; An end of wire rope is connected the frame top by pulley 22, pulley 23, the pulley 6 of assembly pulley III successively on the traction sheave of traction machine, and the other end of wire rope is connected on the head by pulley 21, pulley 16, the pulley 17 of assembly pulley IV successively.
The structural group of traction machine of the present invention becomes: motor 25, electromagnet 26, braked wheel 27, band-type brake 28, traction sheave 4, axis of rotation 29, handle 30.One end of axis of rotation 29 is equipped with motor 25, the other end is installed traction sheave 4, and a braked wheel 27 is set between traction sheave 4 and motor 25, the braked wheel 27 peripheral band-type brakes 28 of installing, on the bearing in the middle of band-type brake 28 connecting rods, fix an electromagnet 26, one handle 30 is set on the electromagnet 26.Traction sheave 4 is directly to be driven by motor 25, and handle 30 is used for controlling electromagnet, thus 28 unlatchings of control band-type brake, band-type brake 28 control braked wheels 27, braked wheel 27 is used for the braking of traction sheave 4, by pulling handle, can be at any locking position sucker rod.Motor 25 adopts the low speed large torque moment permanent-magnet synchronous motor, and the rotor of motor 25 adopts Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material, 16 above magnetic poles is set, preferred 20 magnetic poles; Stator adopts fractional-slot winding, oblique vertically 1~1.3 stator slot of iron core, preferred 1.2 stator slots; Armature winding built-in potential waveform adopts the sineization design; The power supply of motor adopts the power supply of power electronics power supply.The positive and reverse steering of traction machine is controlled by electric.
Electrical control of the present invention be by with the coaxial mounted digital rotary encoder of traction machine, the closed-loop system that single-chip microcomputer (or PLC), power electronics power supply are formed realizes.The numeral rotary encoder is arranged on motor 25 axis of rotation inputs, is used for the position of detection rotor magnetic pole.External signal is inputed to single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer (or PLC) is exported to the power electronics power supply with control signal after input signal is analyzed, calculated, and the power electronics power supply provides required voltage and electric current by this instruction for motor.
The present invention is combined as a whole electronics-electro-machanical, by the power supply of CPU technology control power electronics power supply, the power electronics power supply is directly powered and is given traction machine, its power transmission is finished by assembly pulley, form the low speed high torque transmission system, cancel all gears of former oil pumper, realize the gearless driving of oil pumping system.Unfavorable factors such as the transmission efficiency that the present invention can fundamentally overcome traditional beam pumping unit existence is low, the operate power factor is low, floor space is big, maintenance workload is big.The transmission efficiency that makes oil pumper is greater than 90%, the power of drive motor reduces half, the power factor of system remains on more than 0.95, the oil pumper floor space of identical tonnage is original 1/3rd, and the random step-less adjustment of oil pumper number of strokes, and balance adjustment can easily be carried out, there is not reductor, gearless driving mechanism can adjust easy to maintenance without lubrication oil.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the built-in structural representation of traction machine of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a traction machine outlet structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a traction machine structural front view of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a traction machine structure left view of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a cyclematics of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a control system block diagram of the present invention;
Figure mid frame 1, counterweight 2, traction machine 3, traction sheave 4, counterweight guide rail 5, pulley 6, pulley 7, guide rail 8, channel-section steel 9, handle 10, screw rod 11, nut 12, fixed mount 13, head 14, pulley 15, pulley 16, pulley 17, sucker rod 18, wire rope 19, channel-section steel 20, pulley 21, pulley 22, pulley 23, base 24, motor 25, electromagnet 26, braked wheel 27, band-type brake 28, axis of rotation 29, handle 30.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in detail:
Composition structure of the present invention comprises frame 1, head travel mechanism, assembly pulley, traction machine 3, sucker rod 18 and counterweight 2; Frame 1 top is provided with head travel mechanism, the guide rail 8 of head travel mechanism is located at frame 1 top, the end that screw rod 11 has handle 10 is fixed on the frame 1 by channel-section steel 9, and the other end is fixed on the frame 1 by fixed mount 13, and screw rod 11 is connected with head 14 usefulness nuts 12; By artificial or driven by motor handle 10, thereby drive screw rod 11 runnings, nut 12 rotates with screw rod 11, driving head 14 seesaws along guide rail 8, head 14 can be moved forward and backward, and its scope that moves is: 0.5~1.2 meter, and to satisfy the oil well job execution.Counterweight 2 is installed on the pulley 6, is suspended in the frame 1, pumps along counterweight guide rail 5; Sucker rod 18 is installed on the pulley 17.Traction machine 3 is fixed on by channel-section steel 20 on the base 24 of frame 1, and an end of wire rope 19 is fixed on frame 1 top by assembly pulley on the traction sheave 4 of traction machine 3, and the other end of wire rope 19 is fixed on the head 14 by assembly pulley.The motion of traction machine 3 positive and reverse steerings, the power of generation is delivered on the sucker rod 18 through wire rope 19 by assembly pulley, pumps thereby drive sucker rod 18.The movement travel of sucker rod 18 can be in 4~9 meters scopes, the per minute reciprocal time can artificially be set in 3~8 underranges.Counterweight 2 is the counterbalances as sucker rod 18 and load thereof, is used to alleviate the traction of traction machine 3.Its tonnage equals weighing load sum in sucker rod 18 and the well casing.
The present invention is divided into the built-in and two kinds of structures of traction machine external of traction machine.Traction machine is built-in, as shown in Figure 1, an end of wire rope 19 is connected frame 1 top by pulley 7, the pulley 6 of assembly pulley I successively on the traction sheave 4 of traction machine 3, and the other end of wire rope 19 is connected on the head 14 by pulley 15, pulley 16, the pulley 17 of assembly pulley II successively.Traction machine 3 variable motions and positive and reverse steering motion, the power of generation is delivered on the sucker rod 18 through assembly pulley II, makes its speed change and pumps, and finishing the oil pumping acting.The traction machine external, as shown in Figure 2, an end of wire rope 19 is connected frame 1 top by pulley 22, pulley 23, the pulley 6 of assembly pulley III successively on the traction sheave 4 of traction machine 3, and the other end of wire rope 19 is connected on the head 14 by pulley 21, pulley 16, the pulley 17 of assembly pulley IV successively.Traction machine 3 variable motions and positive and reverse steering motion, the power of generation is delivered on the sucker rod 18 through assembly pulley IV, makes its speed change and pumps, and finishing the oil pumping acting.Counterweight 2 is suspended on the pulley 6, is used to alleviate the traction of traction machine 3, and the movement velocity of sucker rod 18 depends on the rotating speed of traction machine 3.
The structural group of traction machine of the present invention becomes: motor 25, electromagnet 26, braked wheel 27, band-type brake 28, traction sheave 4, axis of rotation 29, handle 30.One end of axis of rotation 29 is equipped with motor, the other end is installed traction sheave 4, and a braked wheel 27 is set between traction sheave 4 and motor 25, the braked wheel 27 peripheral band-type brakes 28 of installing, on the bearing in the middle of band-type brake 28 connecting rods, fix an electromagnet 26, one handle 30 is set on the electromagnet 26.Traction sheave 4 is directly to be driven by motor 25, and handle 30 is used for controlling electromagnet 26, thus 28 unlatchings of control band-type brake, band-type brake 28 control braked wheels 27, braked wheel 27 is used for the braking of traction sheave 4, by pulling handle 30, can be at any locking position sucker rod 18.Motor 25 adopts the low speed large torque moment permanent-magnet synchronous motor, and the rotor of motor 25 adopts Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material, 16 above magnetic poles is set, preferred 20 magnetic poles; Stator adopts fractional-slot winding, oblique vertically 1~1.3 stator slot of iron core, preferred 1.2 stator slots; Armature winding built-in potential waveform adopts the sineization design; The power supply of motor 25 adopts the power supply of power electronics power supply.The positive and reverse steering of control traction machine 3 is controlled by electric.
Electrical control of the present invention be by with traction machine 3 coaxial mounted digital rotary encoders, the closed-loop system that single-chip microcomputer (or PLC), power electronics power supply are formed is controlled the positive and reverse steering of traction machine 3.The effect of digital rotary encoder is, the position of real-time detection rotor magnetic pole, the control signal of decision power electronics power supply guarantees that the power electronics power supply can be with the electric current output of minimum, realize the optimum load angle control of closed-loop system, make oil pumper stable operation.Encoder feeds back to system with the umber of pulse of revolution, and umber of pulse in fact corresponding the position of rotor magnetic pole.Control program of the present invention, as shown in Figure 5, beginning, single-chip microcomputer reads the instruction of input, according to sucker rod 18 position detection signals, judge whether sucker rod 18 arrives the qualification position, limits the position if arrive, then providing slows down and commutate instructs, do not limit the position if arrive, then judge that according to oil pumper load detection signal load has no change, then adjust motor 25 speeds of service if change, if no change, again according to the rotor magnetic pole position detection signal, output power electronic power supply control signal, remote monitoring signal, the failure alarm signal of fault message through confirming.The power electronics power control signal of output is exported to the motor 25 of traction machine 3, makes the motion of motor 25 variable motions and positive and reverse steering, thereby controls whole mechanical system motion, finishes the oil pumping acting.
Control system block diagram of the present invention, as shown in Figure 6, external signal is inputed to single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer (or PLC) is exported to the power electronics power supply with control signal after input signal is analyzed, calculated, and the power electronics power supply provides required voltage and electric current by this instruction for motor 25.External input signal comprises external instruction set, sucker rod 18 position probing, and the oil pumper load detects, and rotor magnetic pole detects.External instruction set is given instruction set such as operation or maintainer operation that oil pumper is sent or halt instruction, the 18 reciprocal time regulating commands of per minute sucker rod, fault reset instruction, fault recognition instruction, and promptly the people is to the control intention of system.Sucker rod 18 position probing comprise that the non-contact type position switch detects the move up and down position and the limit protection position of sucker rod 18.Oil pumper load detect be by and the power electronics power supply between exchanges data, the input electric power that detects pumping unit system is judged the load of oil pumper, realizes the Self Adaptive Control of the oil pumper speed of service.It is to utilize the real-time detection rotor position of magnetic pole of digital rotary encoder angle that rotor magnetic pole detects, and realizes the optimum load angle control of closed-loop system.System's output comprises: fault and prompting output signal, the transmission of remote monitoring signal, the control instruction of power electronics power supply.Fault and prompting output signal comprise signals compositions such as fault alarm index signal, trouble point prompting.Remote monitoring signal transmission by wireless (GSM) or wired the oil pumper operation condition is carried out remote transmission, and can be carried out remote monitoring to oil pumper.The power electronics power supply is frequency converter or other corresponding power electronics adjuster, realizes the variable-speed operation and the positive and reverse steering control of traction machine 3 by this kind power supply.