CN1661453A - Pulse width adjustable ultrashort pulse compression device - Google Patents
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Abstract
An ultrashort pulse compression device with adjustable pulse width comprises an ultrashort laser pulse light source, and an energy attenuator, a focusing lens, a nonlinear solid material fixed on a sliding block of an optical sliding rail and a silver-plated concave reflecting mirror are sequentially arranged along the advancing direction of ultrashort pulse laser emitted by the ultrashort laser pulse light source, wherein the silver-plated concave reflecting mirror and the focusing lens are positioned at the same height, the distance between the silver-plated concave reflecting mirror and the focusing lens is the sum of focal lengths of the silver-plated concave reflecting mirror and the focusing lens, and the nonlinear solid material is arranged behind a geometric focus of the focusing lens. The device not only can compress the pulse width of the femtosecond laser pulse, but also can output tunable pulse width, is suitable for linearly polarized and circularly polarized incident laser, and has the advantages of simple device, convenient operation and wide application range.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to ultra-short pulse laser, the ultrashort laser pulse compression set that particularly a kind of pulsewidth is adjustable, mainly be applicable to the burnt magnitude of little Jiao's to hundred milli, centre wavelength 800nm, the compression of the time domain pulse width of the femto-second laser pulse of linear polarization or circular polarization, output pulse width is tunable, is applied to high strength ultrafast laser technique and physical study field.
Background technology
In the past few decades, the generation of femtosecond laser and application have obtained considerable progress, along with the appearance that titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) mode-locked laser and chirped pulse amplify (CPA), obtaining ultra-intense ultra-short laser pulse by bench device becomes possibility.Ultra-intense ultra-short laser pulse is the important tool in many fundamental researchs, in the laser physics research field irreplaceable effect is arranged, such as higher hamonic wave, and plasma channel, the generation of chirped pulse etc. all needs high-intensity ultrashort laser pulse as light source.Though the ti sapphire laser oscillator directly pulse of output can be as short as 5fs, the pulse width after the feasible amplification of the gain narrowing effect in the amplification system is often more than 20fs.And the exocoel compress technique is the more effective means of short pulse of a kind of acquisition, up to the present, the exocoel compress technique all is based on following principle basically: by in the nonlinear medium from phase modulation (PM) (SPM) effect stretched-out spectrum, frequency chirp in the precisely designed then dispersive delay line compensation spectrum, thus reach the purpose of compressed pulse widths.
Initial people utilize single mode fused quartz optical fiber as the spectrum widening medium, but because the damage threshold of fused silica material is lower, the incident pulse energy limited that this technology is suitable for is in the nJ magnitude.Afterwards, people such as M.Nisoli utilized the hollow optic fibre of filling with inert gas as nonlinear medium, because the ionization threshold of inert gas is higher, can be used for compressing the laser pulse of mJ magnitude, and were also quite ripe.In nearest report, people utilize this technology to obtain the cycle magnitude ultrashort pulse of 4fs.Yet, to use for the laser physics research of reality, also there is limitation in this technology, and at first, the ionization threshold of inert gas makes the incident pulse energy limited in the mJ magnitude; Secondly, the inflation hollow optic fibre needs the gases at high pressure packoff, and requires the hollow optic fibre can not be crooked, and device is complicated, and technical difficulty is bigger.Limitation on the other hand then comes from the dispersion compensation stage; The dispersive compensation element that uses in the experiment mainly contains traditional grating pair at present, prism is right, and the dielectric mirror of warbling that grew up in recent years, acousto-optic modulator (AOM), deformable mirror and liquid crystal light valve (SLM).For the frequency chirp in the fine compensation spectrum, it is well-designed that dispersive delay line needs, and this makes the compression process more complicated.In addition, relative traditional element, the phase compensation effect of several dispersive compensation elements in back will be got well, but these elements or acquisition be difficulty relatively, the cost height, need offer an explanation optics valve (Frequency-ResolvedOptical Gating such as frequency with phase measuring apparatus, be abbreviated as FROG) and the direct reorganization of frequency spectrum interference impulse electric field instrument (Spectral Phase Interferomtry for Direct Electrical Reconstruction, be abbreviated as SPIDER) form backfeed loop, to reach the purpose of dispersion compensation.This has increased the cost and the difficulty of system more greatly.The tangible deficiency of another one is that its system effectiveness is lower.Above Several Factors makes that the filling with inert gas hollow optic fibre---adaptive optics dispersion compensation pulse compression technique is also at the experimental stage, still can not be used for actual physical research as the ultrashort laser light source.Typical light path arrangement is referring to Fig. 1.From the laser pulse of laser amplifier 1 output behind attenuator 4 (generally forming) by half-wave plate and polaroid, be coupled in the filling with inert gas hollow optic fibre 8 by thin lens 3 focusing, the light beam of output is collimated into parallel beam through silver-plated concave mirror 10, be incorporated into by silver-plated plane mirror 9 and 5 again and carry out phase modulation (PM) in the liquid crystal light valve 11, will be with beam splitting chip 7 from the light beam of liquid crystal light valve 11 outputs, the branch sub-fraction is guided to phase measurement instrument 2 (FROG or SPIDER) through plane mirror 6, carry out phase measurement, measurement feedback is to liquid crystal light valve 11, form the adaptive optics backfeed loop, final output is through the compression pulse behind the dispersion compensation.
The compression of block materials exocoel is the method for another kind of attracting acquisition ultrashort laser pulse.The superiority of this method is to the incident pulse energy substantially without limits, is applicable to and compresses the more laser pulse of high-energy (hundred mJ magnitudes).More existing so far relevant experiment reports, but its ultimate principle remains based on spectrum widening and corresponding dispersion compensation.Typical light path arrangement and Fig. 1 are similar, just filling with inert gas hollow optic fibre 8 is changed to solid material and places lens focus distance the last period.
Summary of the invention
When the above-mentioned block materials exocoel compress technique of succession is applicable to the burnt magnitude laser pulse of compression hundred millis, with respect to existing deficiency in the above-mentioned technology formerly, the invention provides a kind of simple and practical, the ultrashort laser pulse compression set that pulsewidth is adjustable, it utilize the High Power Femtosecond Laser pulse in solid material from pinch effect, simultaneously stretched-out spectrum also compresses the time domain pulse width, and the frequency chirp that brings when not needing other well-designed dispersive delay line to come compensated pulse in nonlinear material, to transmit.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The ultrashort pulse compression set that a kind of pulsewidth is adjustable, comprise a ultrashort laser pulse light source, the ultrashort laser pulse working direction of being sent along this ultrashort laser pulse light source is energy attenuator, condenser lens successively, be fixed on the slide block of optics slide rail non-linear solid material and silver-plated concave mirror constitute, described silver-plated concave mirror and condenser lens are in sustained height, its spacing is the two focal length sum, and described non-linear solid material places after the geometrical focus of condenser lens.
The focal length of described condenser lens is 1～2m
Be provided with a plurality of catoptrons between described condenser lens and the non-linear solid material, to change optical path direction.
Described energy attenuator is made of one 1/2nd wave plate and a polaroid, with continuous adjusting incident pulse energy size.
Described non-linear solid material is a glass.
Also be provided with silver-plated plane mirror after the described silver-plated concave mirror.
Described non-linear solid material places 5-10mm after the geometrical focus of described condenser lens.
Ultrashort pulse compression ultimate principle of the present invention is: the space-time coupling in the self-focusing of ultrashort laser pulse in the positive dispersion material can cause the pulse width compression, its decisive action is embodied in the space diffraction terms of describing the non-linear Schrodinger equation that pulse transmits in nonlinear material, equation as shown in the formula:
Operator wherein
⊥ 2It is the representation space diffraction terms.
Compare with first technology, the present invention has following outstanding feature:
(1) utilize high-energy the ultrashort laser pulse SPM in the transmission course and self-focusing effect in the positive dispersion solid dielectric to reach the purpose of stretched-out spectrum and compression time domain pulse width simultaneously, device is simple, builds easily, and is easy to operate.And formerly technology all is that branch stretched-out spectrum and two steps of dispersion compensation are finished basically, and the frequency chirp that brings during wherein for the fine compensation stretched-out spectrum needs accurately design dispersive delay line, and this has increased experimental cost and required operative skill greatly.
(2) under definite incident pulse energy situation, only the position of the mobile glass material of need in light path can change the compressibility factor of system, reaches the purpose of tuning outgoing pulse width.And formerly technology is for the incident pulse parameter of determining, the outgoing pulse parameter also is determined.
(3) because need not other dispersion compensation step, pulse compression system efficient is up to more than 85%, and this is that formerly technology is incomparable, and formerly the compression efficiency of technological system is usually below 50%.
(4) glass material is placed on after the lens focus, with respect to being placed in the technology formerly before the focus, beam mode has obtained very big improvement, reduced the space chirp of outgoing beam greatly, and formerly glass material is put in before the condenser lens focus in the technology, place the pin hole spatial filter at the lens focus place for the space chirp that reduces outgoing beam then, caused very big energy loss like this.
(5) all be suitable for for linear polarization and circular polarization incident pulse, and some formerly the dispersive compensation element of technology be only applicable to linearly polarized light.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a ultrashort pulse compress technique experimental provision synoptic diagram formerly.
Fig. 2 is the adjustable ultrashort laser pulse compression set of a pulsewidth of the present invention synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 for the solid nonlinear material is put among the present invention light beam after the condenser lens focus before nonlinear material (a) back (b) spatial model improve comparison diagram.
Fig. 4 is for using the tunable high-energy ultrashort laser pulse of pulsewidth of the present invention compression set, and the compression pulse time domain shape that obtains when nonlinear material is put in diverse location, frequency spectrum and frequency domain phase graph and original laser pulse respective graphical are relatively.
Fig. 5 is for using the tunable high-energy ultrashort laser pulse of pulsewidth of the present invention compression set, the compression pulse time domain shape of incident pulse gained under the circular polarization state, frequency spectrum and frequency domain phase graph.
Concrete enforcement
See also Fig. 2 earlier, Fig. 2 is the adjustable ultrashort laser pulse compression set of a pulsewidth of the present invention embodiment synoptic diagram.As seen from the figure, the formation of the ultrashort pulse compression set that pulsewidth of the present invention is adjustable, comprise a ultrashort laser pulse light source 1, the ultrashort laser pulse working direction of being sent along this ultrashort laser pulse light source 1 is energy attenuator 2, condenser lens 5 successively, be fixed on the slide block of optics slide rail 6 glass 3 and silver-plated concave mirror 4 constitute, described silver-plated concave mirror 4 is in sustained height with condenser lens 5, its spacing is the two focal length sum, and described glass 3 places 5-10mm after the geometrical focus of condenser lens 5.Between described condenser lens 5 and non-linear solid material 3, be provided with two 45 ° of catoptrons 9 and 10, to change optical path direction, the space of reduction means.After described silver-plated concave mirror 4, also be provided with silver-plated plane mirror 7, to change optical path direction.
Among the present invention, utilize BK7 glass as nonlinear material 3 because be, and utilize the self-focusing effect compression pulse width of light beam in material, so the power of incident pulse needs the about 1.8MW of self focusing threshold power greater than BK7 glass, that is to say that the present invention is applicable to compression higher-energy femto-second laser pulse.In addition, the focal length of condenser lens 5 needn't be defined in a certain determined value generally at 1～2m.In order to guarantee enough strong nonlinear effect in material, incident pulse intensity is generally 10
11W/cm
2Magnitude is so need select the short lens of focal length for use in order to reach than high power density when pulse power to be compressed is low.For the incident pulse of mJ magnitude, BK7 glass material thickness is generally selected 3mm, and the pulse selectable of macro-energy is selected thin slightly material again.Glass material is fixed on the two-dimension optical adjustment rack, and light beam is vertical with the material plane of incidence, and two-dimentional adjustment rack is connected with the one dimensional optical slide rail.For enough scopes of activities are arranged, slide rail length is generally about 200mm.Require the slide block on the slide rail behind select location, can fix in addition, to avoid in experiment, bringing uncertain factor.
The concrete use step of above-mentioned pulsewidth is tunable ultrashort laser pulse compression set is as follows: the light beam that (1) at first adjusts 1 output of ultrashort laser pulse light source makes it be parallel to the optical table surface.(2) regulating energy attenuator 2 makes the incident pulse energy to required size.(3) condenser lens 5 is placed on the accurate xz two-dimension translational adjustment rack, but lens hanger two dimension angular adjustment simultaneously is positioned in the light path then, and the lens plane of incidence is adjusted to vertical with light beam by classic method.(4) 5 one segment distances are placed silver-plated concave mirror 4 along beam direction apart from condenser lens, and the spacing between condenser lens 5 and the silver-plated concave mirror 4 is about both focal length sums.Because light beam has certain self-focusing effect in glass 3, so concave mirror 4 can move about 2～3cm a little to the direction away from condenser lens 5.Silver-plated concave mirror 4 need be contained on the five dimension optical precision adjustment racks, comprises three-dimensional translating and bidimensional angular motion.Focused beam is parallel beam through silver-plated concave mirror 4 collimations.(5) for easy for installation, BK7 glass 3 is processed into the disk shape as nonlinear material, can be installed on the ordinary optical mirror holder, for the ease of adjusting the position and the angle of material, need and the combination of xz type two-dimensional translation optical adjusting frame, be fixed on then on the slide block of optics slide rail 6.As mentioned above, make slide rail 6 be parallel to beam direction and be fixed on the optical table, adjust the adjusting optical adjusting frame then and make light beam vertical with the plane of incidence of glass material.(6) moving slider is regulated the position of glass 3, be equivalent to change incident optical power density, when optical power density was enough big, glass 3 super continuous spectrums can occur and produce, can be observed colored cone of radiation ring, show that laser has produced a certain amount of plasma in glass; At this moment with glass to away from mobile a bit of distance, about 5～10mm, in general this position is exactly to obtain the optimum position of narrow compression pulse.For fear of the influence of plasma paired pulses, regulate xz two-dimension translational adjustment rack and change the incidence point of light beam on the glass material surface.(7) light beam behind silver-plated concave mirror 4 collimations changes beam direction through silver-plated plane mirror 7 again, promptly can be used as the output of output light.(9) change the size of glass material 3 apart from the geometrical focus spacing of condenser lens 5, the time domain width of output pulse will change, and diminishes away from the position compressibility factor of focus, and promptly output pulse width broadens.In addition, if the invariant position of glass 3, and change the incident pulse energy, compressibility factor also can change thereupon.
What need explanation a bit is because there is real focus in the air, so when pulse energy very big (＞10mJ) time, might cause near the air ionization of focus, thereby have influence on the time domain and the frequency domain characteristic of pulse, for fear of this influence factor, need place vacuum this moment with focus.Yet, when the incident pulse energy is not very big (mJ magnitude), but peak power is during greater than the self focusing threshold power of air, light beam near condenser lens 5 focuses in the air self-focusing effect also can make pulse width that a certain amount of compression is arranged, and do not influence the pulse envelope shape.Because glass 3 is after focus, it is narrower than inceptive impulse to be equivalent to the pulse width that incides on the material like this, can obtain nearly 2.5 times compressibility factor.
Specific embodiment: use device as shown in Figure 2, ultrashort laser pulse light source 1 is the laser amplifier of Spitfire--50fs for the model that spectrum physics company produces, output pulse width～50fs, centre wavelength 800nm, the about 21nm of spectral width, repetition frequency 1kHz, M
2The factor is about 1.3, makes that through energy attenuator 2 the incident pulse energy is 0.2mJ.Nonlinear material 3 is selected the thick BK7 glass sheet of 3mm for use, and being fixed on stroke is on the optical precision slide rail 6 of 200mm, places then after condenser lens 5 focuses.The focal length of lens is 1m, and silver-plated concave mirror 4 focal lengths are 0.5m, apart from condenser lens 5 about 1.5m.For the pulse of from compression device shown in Figure 2, exporting, can measure its time domain shape and frequency domain phase place simultaneously with SPIDER, adopt grating spectrograph to measure the output pulse spectrum.Change the output pulse that the position of glass sheet 3 in light path can obtain distinct pulse widths, below provide several groups of experimental results.Under linearly polarized light incident condition, after glass material 3 is put in condenser lens 5 geometrical focuss during the 160mm place, acquisition＞0.18mJ, the pulse output (Fig. 4 b-b1) of 25fs; When material is put in after condenser lens 5 geometrical focuss 195mm place, acquisition＞0.18mJ, the pulse output (Fig. 4 c-c1) of 31fs.Under circularly polarized light incident condition, after glass material 3 is put in condenser lens 5 geometrical focuss during the 135mm place, acquisition＞0.18mJ, the pulse output of 19fs, as shown in Figure 5, compressibility factor is about 2.5.No matter under linear polarization still was the circular polarization situation, output pulse polarization state did not change.Intensity is normalizated unit (a.u.) among the figure, τ
FWHMThe big full duration of half-shadow of representative output pulse, unit is femtosecond (fs), phase unit is radian (rad).
Claims (7)
1, the ultrashort pulse compression set that a kind of pulsewidth is adjustable, comprise a ultrashort laser pulse light source (1), the ultra-short pulse laser working direction of being sent along this ultrashort laser pulse light source (1) is energy attenuator (2) successively, condenser lens (5), the non-linear solid material (3) and the silver-plated concave mirror (4) that are fixed on the slide block of optics slide rail (6) constitute, described silver-plated concave mirror (4) is in sustained height with condenser lens (5), its spacing is the two focal length sum, and described non-linear solid material (3) places after the geometrical focus of condenser lens (5).
2, the adjustable ultrashort pulse compression set of pulsewidth according to claim 1 is characterized in that the focal length at described condenser lens (5) is 1～2m
2, the adjustable ultrashort pulse compression set of pulsewidth according to claim 1 is characterized in that being provided with a plurality of catoptrons between described condenser lens (5) and non-linear solid material (3), to change optical path direction.
3, the adjustable ultrashort pulse compression set of pulsewidth according to claim 1 is characterized in that being made of one 1/2nd wave plate and a polaroid in described energy attenuator (2), with continuous adjusting incident pulse energy size.
4, the adjustable ultrashort pulse compression set of pulsewidth according to claim 1 is characterized in that described non-linear solid material (3) is a glass.
5, the adjustable ultrashort pulse compression set of pulsewidth according to claim 1 is characterized in that also being provided with silver-plated plane mirror (7) afterwards at described silver-plated concave mirror (4).
6, the adjustable ultrashort pulse compression set of pulsewidth according to claim 1 is characterized in that described non-linear solid material (3) places 5-10mm after the geometrical focus of described condenser lens (5).
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102545011A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Adjustment and control device and method for ultra intense and ultra short laser pulse super-continuum spectrum |
| CN105652355A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-08 | 华东师范大学 | Preparation method for plasma grating based on pulse polarization rotation |
| WO2018045898A1 (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2018-03-15 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Supercontinuum coherent light source |
| CN108406129A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-08-17 | 苏州图森激光有限公司 | A kind of laser processing of hard brittle material |
| CN109217076A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-15 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Laser adjusting method and corresponding device |
| CN112928592A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-08 | 河北工业大学 | Liquid laser compressor with continuously tunable output pulse width |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6327068B1 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 2001-12-04 | Yeda Research And Development Co. Ltd. | Adaptive pulse compressor |
| JP4282839B2 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2009-06-24 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | Ultrashort pulse broadband light wave generation method and apparatus |
| CN1119846C (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2003-08-27 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Ultrashort pulse chirped optical parameter laser |
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2005
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102545011A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Adjustment and control device and method for ultra intense and ultra short laser pulse super-continuum spectrum |
| CN102545011B (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-06-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Adjustment and control device and method for ultra intense and ultra short laser pulse super-continuum spectrum |
| CN105652355A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-08 | 华东师范大学 | Preparation method for plasma grating based on pulse polarization rotation |
| WO2018045898A1 (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2018-03-15 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Supercontinuum coherent light source |
| CN108406129A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-08-17 | 苏州图森激光有限公司 | A kind of laser processing of hard brittle material |
| CN108406129B (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2020-02-07 | 苏州图森激光有限公司 | Laser processing method of hard and brittle material |
| CN109217076A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-15 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Laser adjusting method and corresponding device |
| CN112928592A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-08 | 河北工业大学 | Liquid laser compressor with continuously tunable output pulse width |
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