CN1657787A - Method and device for control speed of fan - Google Patents
Method and device for control speed of fan Download PDFInfo
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- CN1657787A CN1657787A CN 200410005662 CN200410005662A CN1657787A CN 1657787 A CN1657787 A CN 1657787A CN 200410005662 CN200410005662 CN 200410005662 CN 200410005662 A CN200410005662 A CN 200410005662A CN 1657787 A CN1657787 A CN 1657787A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling the rotational speed of fan, including the following steps: generate pulse width modulation signal according to the sampled signal; adjust the input voltage of system to get the one needed, in accordance with the pulse width modulation signal; drive the fan by the output voltage. Also, a rotational speed of fan controlling device is disclosed the electric resource input unit and outer controlling unit for controlling the electric resource input unit which includes filter circuit, and the outer controlling unit include CPU controlling unit and temperature sensor controlling circuit, the electric resource unit also includes a pressure regulating module which is linked to the outer controlling unit, filter circuit and fan, getting the output voltage needed to drive the fan, in accordance with the input voltage of pulse width modulation signal adjusting system output by the outer controlling unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the heat dissipation technology of the electronics or the communications field, relate in particular to a kind of controlling method and device of rotation speed of the fan.
Background technique
Along with improving constantly of electronics level of integration and operating rate, system power density is also in continuous increase, and is serious day by day at the heat dissipation problem of limited space inner electronic equipment, must use fan that system is carried out forced refrigeration in most cases.But the use of fan bring as: the existence of noise, fan fails cause a series of problems such as system paralysis machine, and noise also improves along with the increase of air-cooled intensity, become one of key point of design of communication equipments so how to solve the problem of fan noise.In the prior art, generally be by the supervision of fan work state and the control of rotating speed are solved the problems referred to above, make that the noise of system and power consumption reduce, life-span and reliability increase.Maximum power dissipation when electronic equipment is normally put according to its full configuration when selecting fan and high ambient temperature are considered, yet system is operated under the extremely hard conditions in most cases, this situation fully can be by reducing fan flow CFM (Cubic Feet per Minutes) thus reduce the power consumption and the noise of fan, and when system load and ambient temperature increase, improve the flow of fan again to satisfy the refrigeration demand of system.
Method commonly used is according to variation of temperature the rotating speed of fan to be controlled, and when ambient temperature reduces, reduces the rotating speed of fan accordingly, so just can improve the working life of fan effectively.Simultaneously, in the rotating speed control wiring of fan, increase the fan work status detection function, when detecting abnormal state, can send the alarm signal request and take appropriate measures.Also reduced the system failure thus, improved the reliability of equipment work because of the damage initiation of fan.
The power supply system that communications equipment is commonly used is the 48VDC input, and real work voltage is 53.5VDC.According to the present trend of globalization, many occasions all require equipment to support that (36～72VDC), such equipment almost can adapt to each regional 48V power supply system (especially directly adopting the countries and regions of 60VDC power supply system) of the world for the requirement of wide-range voltage input.Usually the fan work voltage range majority of 48V input is at 28～56VDC, and comparatively speaking, if operating voltage surpasses voltage rating, will sharply reduce the working life of fan, and this all exists huge hidden danger to equipment operation and safety.
Usually, fan control unit all is relatively independent, has the installing space (in the multi-numerical digit fan frame, and narrower and small) of oneself (to guarantee isolate relative with system business, by sorts of systems bus and main control unit communication with independent control system.)。Present development trend is that fan unit power is increasing, and cost requirement is but more and more tighter.How to find both to have met the requirement of fan input voltage, can effectively regulate the method for the rotating speed of fan again, be to perplex the difficult problem that fan uses always.
Fan majority commonly used in communications equipment belongs to dc brushless motor, and according to the difference of fan electromotor specification, carrying out rotating speed control has two kinds of methods commonly used: pulse duration modulation (PWM) speed governing and linear voltage regulation speed governing.
Prior art one as shown in Figure 1, this method is to gather fan frame interior environment temperature by the digital type temperature transducer, in the blowing-type system as the systematic environment temperature reference.In with the system of ambient temperature as Control Parameter, the index of this temperature acquisition point is the control foundation.Finish sampling by CPU control unit (using single-chip microcomputer), and carry out communication by serial ports and master control aspect to temperature and fan work state as the circuit core controlling component.According to predefined fan speed-regulating strategy, the pwm control signal that is generated by single-chip microcomputer provides the controlled power input of isolation for fan by circuit such as monostable, optocoupler and power transistors.
The essence of this controlling method is to allow the voltage that is added in the fan two ends be a pwm signal, recently changes the rotating speed of fan by the duty of regulating pwm signal.This technology has following shortcoming: (1) speed adjustable range is narrow.What this controlling schemes was selected for use is that the fan that the stall signal is exported (is low level signal when fan normally moves, when unusual is a high-impedance state signal), therefore, if (0～56VDC), then the stall signal of fan can't be represented the running state of this device to be added in the duty cycle signals that the voltage at fan two ends is wide-voltage ranges.Adopt compromise way to make the voltage change scope that is added in the fan two ends, can guarantee that the fan signal end is charged all the time at 24～56VDC.Like this, the rotating speed of fan and the non-linear relation of the dutycycle of pwm signal, cause the complicated of control method for fan, main is that this scheme makes the final excursion of rotation speed of the fan have only 90～100%, is difficult to satisfy the requirement of present product for the rotation speed of the fan scope.(2) inapplicable wide voltage (36～72VDC) inputs.Be subjected to the restriction of output power adjustment pipe and board dimension, the veneer maximum operating voltage can only arrive 60VDC (further improve operating voltage again, device will damage owing to overheated).(3) upward power consumption is bigger to adjust pipe.The speed governing reference point of fan voltage is voltage rating 48V (the 48V reference potential of communication apparatus is actually the 53.5VDC input), surpasses the part and the step-down of fan when 24V works of voltage rating, all will be converted into the heat loss of adjusting on the pipe.
Prior art two as shown in Figure 2, what this scheme was selected for use is the 4 line system fans that have PWM speed regulating control terminal.Communicate by serial ports and main control unit, Fan Monitor and Control Board is responsible for gathering environment and system's interpolation frame exhaust outlet temperature, monitor fan frame internal fan running state, according to temperature control strategy, master control order and fan running state output pwm control signal, this signal is input to fan pwm signal end in order to adjust fan running speed, realizes the speed regulating control to fan.Owing to adopted the fan that has the PWM control terminal, by adjusting the dutycycle of output signal, make its rotating speed adjustable in 30～100% scopes, can satisfy the noise reduction demand of product aspect.This technology has following shortcoming: (36～72VDC) inputs of (1) inapplicable wide voltage.Be subjected to the restriction of output power adjustment pipe and board dimension, the veneer maximum operating voltage can only arrive 60VDC (further improve operating voltage again, device will damage owing to overheated).(2) fan assembly is originally higher.Because selected the 4 line system fans that have the pwm signal terminal for use in the design, the fan cost of comparing normal tape stall signal has improved nearly 1/5th.(3) efficient is low.The speed governing reference point of fan voltage is voltage rating 48V (the 48V reference potential of communication apparatus is actually the 53.5VDC input), and the voltage rating part that surpasses all will be converted into the heat loss of adjusting on the pipe.
Prior art three adopts discrete original paper to build DC/DC power source driving and mu balanced circuit (support 36～72VDC input, be output as stable 48VDC) on veneer, and others and prior art two are similar.The major defect of this scheme: productibility is relatively poor, adopts a plurality of discrete component combinations, has increased the complexity of veneer technology; Maintainable poor, in case power supply trouble occurs, be difficult to carry out positioning problems and solution; Employing has the fan assembly of PWM terminal, and this is higher.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of fan rotational frequency control method and device, exist control technology than complexity and cost problem of higher in the prior art to solve.
Fan rotational frequency control method of the present invention comprises the steps:
Generate pulse-width signal according to sampled signal;
According to the dutycycle adjust system input voltage of described pulse-width signal and then obtain required output voltage;
Utilize above-mentioned output voltage to drive described fan.
In the said method:
Make the dutycycle retention wire sexual intercourse of described output voltage and described pulse-width signal.
If the dutycycle of described pulse-width signal makes described output voltage and the sexual intercourse of described dutycycle retention wire in setting range; If described dutycycle exceeds described setting range, adjust output voltage and make the fan constant-speed operation.
Described dutycycle is in described setting range the time, and described output voltage control rotation speed of the fan is changing at full speed and between the Half Speed; When described dutycycle exceeded described setting range, described output voltage control rotation speed of the fan be full speed or Half Speed.
Described setting range is 15%-60%.
When described Regulation Control module breaks down, make the direct drive fan of system's input voltage.
Fan rotation speed control apparatus of the present invention comprises the peripheral control unit of power input unit and this power input unit of control, and described power input unit provides driving voltage for peripheral control unit and fan; Described power input unit comprises eliminator, described peripheral control unit comprises CPU control unit and temperature transducer control circuit, described power input unit also comprises a Regulation Control module, this Regulation Control module is connected with described peripheral control unit, eliminator and fan respectively, according to the pulse-width signal adjust system input voltage of peripheral control unit output to obtain required output voltage, by this output voltage drive fan.
In said apparatus:
Described Regulation Control module directly is connected with the temperature transducer that has pulsewidth modulation output.
Described Regulation Control module is connected with described CPU control unit, and this CPU control unit generates pulse-width signal according to sampled signal.
Described Regulation Control module comprises that voltage falls afterwards earlier and rises (Buck-Boost) circuit, phase inverter and optocoupler that described pulse-width signal exports the Buck-Boost circuit to through optocoupler and phase inverter.
Also be connected with a relay control circuit between described Regulation Control module and the fan, this relay control circuit is used to disconnect or connects being connected between Regulation Control module and the fan; Described CPU control unit transmits control signal to described relay control circuit according to the trouble signal of Regulation Control module output.
Described relay circuit also is connected with described eliminator.
Also be connected with a monostable control circuit between described CPU control unit and described control relay circuit, this monostable control circuit is used to make the square wave control signal of CPU control unit output to become constant level signal.
The present invention brings following beneficial effect: (1) design overall cost is cheap.The control module 48S48 that selects for use among the present invention is to design and customize for fans drive specially, and the general-purpose device that inner and peripheral circuit is selected for use has effectively reduced the cost of module.Adopt pressure regulating type fan control scheme, can select the general three-wire system stall or the fan of speed feedback signal for use, the fan cost with the PWM terminal all has tangible reduction relatively.CNT end by module can be realized fan stall function easily, the normal operation of assurance equipment when low temperature, and reduced the power consumption of system.(2) energy conversion efficiency height.Compare other variable voltage control controlling method (voltage rating that exceeds has all been fallen at voltage-stabiliser tube and adjusted on the pipe, belongs to reactive loss), the excess loss of having only the own efficient of switch power (the highest can arrive 90%) to cause.(3) be widely used.Adopt the occasion of variable voltage control fan control nearly all can use the method for this patent description at needs.The partial circuit of voltage regulating module 48S48 adopts the external design, reduces the physical dimension of module greatly, convenient installation and application in different occasions; Low temperature stall, the design of rotating speed adjustable on a large scale are almost applicable to the occasion of all kinds of fan application controls.(4) reliability height, easy to maintenance.The modular design of customizations provides the faut detection port, can conveniently carry out the replacing of module.Fan drive circuit switches to and the direct-connected state of system power supply after fault takes place, and has effectively guaranteed the stable operation of equipment.(5) can conveniently realize the speed closed loop design.Owing to adopt the controlling method of variable voltage control, behind the fan that adopts speed feedback signal,, can effectively improve the fan system control accuracy in conjunction with the monitoring of CPU.(6) design that combines of fan speed-regulating control curve and power module.Two benefits are arranged: the 1. direct temperature transducer of connecting band PWM output does not need CPU can realize temperature control; 2. when pwm control signal lost efficacy, module output was subject to certain restrictions, and prevented because the disorder of control signal causes the chance failure of system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram of prior art one;
Fig. 2 is the circuit block diagram of prior art two;
Fig. 3 is a fan control circuitry block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a 48S48 voltage regulating module internal work schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the control characteristic figure of 48S48 voltage regulating module of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is BUCK-BOOST circuit theory diagrams of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 3, the present invention is made up of power input unit and peripheral control unit two-part.
CPU control unit that peripheral control unit comprises serial communication circuit, fan is on the throne is connected respectively with fault-detecting circuit, monostable control circuit, temperature transducer and tutorial light control circuit and with aforementioned circuit etc.Serial communication circuit is mainly finished the communication channel function between CPU control unit and main control unit.The CPU control unit adopts single-chip microcomputer as core component CPU, carries out communication by serial ports and master control, can accept the speed regulating control data that master control is allotted on the one hand; Gather the fault message of fan unit and power module 48S48 on the other hand by CPU in the plate, with single board state information, internal alarm signal reporting.The working state of fan is by the external temperature transducer collection value decision and the rotating speed of final control fan.According to predefined speed governing strategy, by board software controlled source pwm signal duty cycle range is set: 15～60% (this signal is delivered to the pwm signal end of 48S48 after by phase inverter), the output voltage adjustment range of corresponding power module: 24.5～48VDC, corresponding fan unit rotating speed adjustment range: 50～100% rated speeds.Fan is on the throne and fault-detecting circuit can provide the multichannel fan to detect and the driving interface, after the fan failure signal is suitably handled, delivers to the I/O mouth of CPU and monitors.
Power input unit comprises that (48S48 representative input is nominal voltage 48Vdc for input output EMI circuit, fan Regulation Control module 48S48, output also is 48Vdc), power module 48S05 and control relay circuit etc., the power supply that is used for system is provided carries out filtering, voltage transitions is for peripheral control unit and fan etc. partly provides driving power.Acceptance comes from pulsewidth modulation (PWM) pulse control signal of CPU control unit, adjusts the output of fan Regulation Control module 48S48, and the drive fan unit, satisfies system carries out speed governing according to temperature demand.Crucial core driver part is Regulation Control module 48S48 in the circuit in this section, Regulation Control module 48S48 essence is a power module, according to the thermal design index of product, determine the speed regulating control curve of product earlier, promptly determine each temperature and rotating speed control point.Because rotation speed of the fan and voltage are directly proportional substantially, this result need test after exploitation is finished and proofread and correct again.The tachometer value of each temperature control point is converted into roughly magnitude of voltage, determines value by Fig. 5 again at the PWM of this temperature spots.Pass through the output of the software control pwm signal of single-chip microcomputer then, through delivering to the PWM control end of 48S48 after the negative circuit.The frequency range of pwm signal is also fixed in module, between 600Hz～1kHz.Voltage regulating module 48S48 is converted to output-controlled supply voltage with the system voltage input, with this drive fan unit and correlation detecting circuit.See Fig. 4, module receives outside adjustable duty cycle signals PWM, becomes the working state that positive logic goes to control the BUCK-BOOST circuit by negative logic and obtain needed output voltage (the BUCK-BOOST circuit theory diagrams are seen Fig. 6) after phase inverter is handled; The FAIL end provides module operation irregularity guard sign, and guard sign is sent by the isolation of light lotus root, during alarm, and the conducting of light lotus root; CNT be the remote-control closedown end (the fan stall when can be implemented in low temperature: unsettled or during when the CNT of module end for high level, the module proper functioning; When CNT and Vin-short circuit, module is output as 0, and fan nature is with regard to stall); PWM, FAIL signal and other signals are by inner light-coupled isolation.
The key property of voltage regulating module 48S48 is described below:
Control mode and output characteristics: voltage regulating mode is the PWM control mode, adopts negative logic control.Control characteristic as shown in Figure 5, power supply pwm control signal dutycycle can be provided with scope 100～0%, actual product application area 60～15% (GH section output voltage and pulse width signal are wanted the retention wire sexual intercourse), the output voltage adjustment range of corresponding power module: 24.5～47VDC, corresponding fan unit rotating speed adjustment range: 50%～100% rated speed.Even this design can guarantee pwm signal and permanent high or permanent low abnormal conditions occur that output voltage can make fan operate in Half Speed or full-speed state.
The versatility design: under the condition of equal power level, the input that module Buck-Boost circuit is required, the electric capacity of output adopt the external design to reduce the installation dimension of module effectively.
Reliability design: compare with the Universal Switching Power Supply module, the 48S48 function is simple relatively, for electronic device, means more reliably simply usually, and electromechanical component application characteristic such as this and drive fan fits like a glove.Simultaneously, for preventing because the fault of module itself causes the paralysed machine of system, on main circuit power supply, increase the relay Control Node, guarantee when the FAIL signal appears in module, relay circuit disconnects module output and fan current supply circuit, as Fig. 3, when the relay control signal conducting, relay contact becomes disconnection by closure, 48S48 module out-put supply loop and fan power supply input circuit are disconnected, simultaneously the fan power supply input circuit is directly linked to each other with the 48V input circuit, simultaneously that fan current supply circuit and system power supply input is direct-connected.Because other interference causes the misoperation of relay, export the relay closes that periodic square signal is used to control power input unit for preventing by CPU.This signal becomes a constant level signal after by monostable control means and receives the relay input end, even this connection can guarantee can not cause misoperation under situations such as CPU deadlock.
The basic functional principle of entire circuit is, can collect the ambient temperature at equipment place accurately by external digital type temperature transducer, and in the system of ambient temperature as Control Parameter, the index of this temperature acquisition point is the control foundation.Finish sampling by CPU in the plate (using single-chip microcomputer), and carry out communication by serial ports and master control aspect to temperature and fan work state as the circuit core controlling component.According to predefined fan speed-regulating strategy, the pwm signal that is generated by single-chip microcomputer passes through to control the output voltage that customizes voltage regulating module 48S48 behind the phase inverter, thereby realize regulating the purpose (within the specific limits, rotation speed of the fan is directly proportional with the voltage that is added in its input end) of fan unit rotating speed.This circuit has complete monitoring function simultaneously, when power module 48S48 damages, can switch to the straight-through state of circuit, guarantees still can make equipment stable operation under the situation of system's Single Point of Faliure.
At the modular design scheme of 48S48, can utilize discrete component on veneer, to build, realize similar or same function; Utilize switch power module or discrete component to set up into the similar circuit scheme that the voltage list falls, singly rises or falls after rising, as circuit forms such as Buck, Boost or Boost-Buck.
Claims (13)
1, a kind of fan rotational frequency control method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Generate pulse-width signal according to sampled signal;
According to the dutycycle adjust system input voltage of described pulse-width signal and then obtain required output voltage;
Utilize above-mentioned output voltage to drive described fan.
2, fan rotational frequency control method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the dutycycle retention wire sexual intercourse of described output voltage and described pulse-width signal.
3, fan rotational frequency control method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, if the dutycycle of described pulse-width signal makes described output voltage and the sexual intercourse of described dutycycle retention wire in setting range; If described dutycycle exceeds described setting range, adjust output voltage and make the fan constant-speed operation.
4, fan rotational frequency control method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described dutycycle is in described setting range the time, and described output voltage control rotation speed of the fan is changing at full speed and between the Half Speed; When described dutycycle exceeded described setting range, described output voltage control rotation speed of the fan be full speed or Half Speed.
5, fan rotational frequency control method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described setting range is 15%～60%.
6, fan rotational frequency control method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, when described Regulation Control module breaks down, makes the direct drive fan of system's input voltage.
7, a kind of fan rotation speed control apparatus, the peripheral control unit that comprises power input unit and this power input unit of control, described power input unit comprises eliminator, described peripheral control unit comprises CPU control unit and temperature transducer control circuit, it is characterized in that, described power input unit also comprises a Regulation Control module, this Regulation Control module respectively with described peripheral control unit, eliminator is connected with fan, according to the pulse-width signal adjust system input voltage of peripheral control unit output to obtain required output voltage, by this output voltage drive fan.
8, fan rotation speed control apparatus as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described Regulation Control module directly is connected with the temperature transducer that has pulsewidth modulation output.
9, fan rotation speed control apparatus as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described Regulation Control module is connected with described CPU control unit, and this CPU control unit generates pulse-width signal according to sampled signal.
10, fan rotation speed control apparatus as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described Regulation Control module comprises that voltage falls afterwards earlier and rises (Buck-Boost) circuit, phase inverter and optocoupler that described pulse-width signal exports the Buck-Boost circuit to through optocoupler and phase inverter.
11, fan rotation speed control apparatus as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, also be connected with a relay control circuit between described Regulation Control module and the fan, this relay control circuit is used to disconnect or connects being connected between Regulation Control module and the fan; Described CPU control unit transmits control signal to described relay control circuit according to the trouble signal of Regulation Control module output.
12, fan rotation speed control apparatus as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described relay circuit also is connected with described eliminator.
13, fan rotation speed control apparatus as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, also be connected with a monostable control circuit between described CPU control unit and described control relay circuit, this monostable control circuit is used to make the square wave control signal of CPU control unit output to become constant level signal.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410005662 CN1657787A (en) | 2004-02-21 | 2004-02-21 | Method and device for control speed of fan |
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| CN 200410005662 CN1657787A (en) | 2004-02-21 | 2004-02-21 | Method and device for control speed of fan |
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