CN114355054A - Inverter capable of automatically detecting direct current bus capacitance and detection method thereof - Google Patents

Inverter capable of automatically detecting direct current bus capacitance and detection method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114355054A
CN114355054A CN202111643732.9A CN202111643732A CN114355054A CN 114355054 A CN114355054 A CN 114355054A CN 202111643732 A CN202111643732 A CN 202111643732A CN 114355054 A CN114355054 A CN 114355054A
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current
bus
voltage
inverter
circuit
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严成
张和君
季德海
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NINGBO DEYE FREQUENCY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics

Abstract

The control circuit of the inverter comprises a control chip (3), a PWM (pulse-width modulation) drive circuit (4), a direct current voltage detection circuit (5), an alternating current voltage detection circuit (6) and a current detection circuit (7); the PWM driving circuit (4) is connected with the control chip (3) and the inverter bridge circuit (1); the direct-current voltage detection circuit (5) is connected with the control chip (3), two ends of the positive bus capacitor C1 and two ends of the negative bus capacitor C2; the alternating voltage detection circuit (6) is connected with the control chip (3) and the alternating current output end, and the current detection circuit (7) is connected with the control chip (3) and the alternating current output end; the control chip (3) continuously and respectively collects the instantaneous numerical values of the direct current voltage, the alternating current voltage and the current, and finally calculates the capacitance value of the direct current bus by a control program implanted in the control chip (3) through operation and signal conversion.

Description

Inverter capable of automatically detecting direct current bus capacitance and detection method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of inverter control, and relates to an inverter capable of automatically detecting a direct-current bus capacitor and a detection method thereof.
Background
Inverters are devices that convert direct current into alternating current, and are widely used. The traditional inverter only has overvoltage protection for direct current bus protection, and lacks estimation and protection for capacitance value of bus capacitance. In practice, however, the dc bus capacitance of the inverter is also one of the key devices. Due to the quality problem of devices, the fact that the bus capacitor fails due to the fact that the operation condition is bad or the capacitor is attenuated due to long-time operation and the like, and further the inverter is damaged due to faults. The direct current bus capacitor is mainly responsible for energy flow between the inverter and a load thereof, so that the direct current voltage is maintained within a set range, and the stability of the direct current voltage is related to the control performance of the whole system. And equipment is influenced by direct current voltage fluctuation and harmonic current in long-term operation, and the life of electric capacity will reduce even damage, and then leads to direct current voltage ripple to increase, and system stability reduces, will lead to the system to paralysis in the time of seriously.
Therefore, it is necessary to detect the state of the dc bus capacitor, and detect the capacitance value of the bus capacitor in real time, on one hand, the dc bus capacitor can be replaced in time when the capacitance value exceeds the preset range, so as to maintain the normal power supply of the inverter, and avoid the serious loss caused by the accidental power failure of the inverter. On the other hand, the active closed-loop algorithm can adapt to different operation conditions of the inverter, so that the health condition of the current bus capacitor can be judged, and the temperature and the service life of the bus capacitor are estimated by combining bus voltage or current ripples.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an inverter for automatically detecting a direct current bus capacitor and a detection method thereof aiming at the technical current situation.
The technical scheme adopted by the inverter for automatically detecting the direct-current bus capacitor is as follows:
an inverter for automatically detecting a direct-current bus capacitor comprises an inverter bridge circuit (1), a filter circuit (2) and a control circuit which are connected with each other, wherein a direct-current input end is connected with the inverter bridge circuit (1) through a positive bus capacitor C1 and a negative bus capacitor C2, the filter circuit (2) is connected with an alternating-current output end, the control circuit comprises a control chip (3) serving as a central processing unit of the whole control circuit, and a control program is implanted in the control chip (3); the control circuit is characterized by comprising a PWM (pulse-width modulation) driving circuit (4), a direct-current voltage detection circuit (5), an alternating-current voltage detection circuit (6) and a current detection circuit (7); the input end of the PWM driving circuit (4) is connected with the control chip (3), and the output end of the PWM driving circuit is connected with the inverter bridge circuit (1); the output end of the direct-current voltage detection circuit (5) is connected with the control chip (3), and the input end of the direct-current voltage detection circuit is respectively connected with the two ends of a positive bus capacitor C1 and the two ends of a negative bus capacitor C2 of the direct-current input end; the output end of the alternating voltage detection circuit (6) is connected with the control chip (3), and the input end of the alternating voltage detection circuit is connected with the alternating current output end; the output end of the current detection circuit (7) is connected with the control chip (3), and the input end of the current detection circuit is connected with the alternating current output end.
Further scheme:
when the inverter works, the control chip (3) continuously collects instantaneous values of direct current voltage, alternating current voltage and current of a point position respectively through the direct current voltage detection circuit (5), the alternating current voltage detection circuit (6) and the current detection circuit (7), and finally calculates a direct current bus capacitance value through a control program implanted in the control chip (3) through operation and signal conversion.
The inverter bridge circuit (1), the filter circuit (2) and the control circuit are all arranged on at least one PCB.
The method for automatically detecting the capacitance of the direct current bus of the inverter is characterized in that the characteristic subharmonic of the voltage difference of the direct current bus is changed by adjusting the modulation duty ratio of the inverter bridge circuit (1); and calculating the current capacitance value of the bus capacitor by calculating the superposed common-mode signal and the fed-back characteristic subharmonic.
Further scheme:
the control program comprises a PWM module (8), a direct current voltage detection module (9), an alternating current voltage detection module (10), a current detection module (11), a harmonic analysis module (12) and a direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13).
The DC bus capacitance calculation module (13) adjusts and outputs a duty ratio common mode signal dmFor the PWM module (8), the PWM module (8) generates a driving signal of the inverter bridge circuit (1) according to the common-mode duty ratio signal, and the inverter bridge circuit (1) is driven to output through the PWM driving circuit (4); the direct current voltage detection module (9) detects a voltage signal V of the positive bus capacitor C1dc1And voltage signal V of negative bus capacitor C2dc2The voltage signal is obtained as a voltage difference signal Vdc_dmInput to a harmonic analysis module (12);the harmonic analysis module (12) extracts the characteristic subharmonic voltage of the positive and negative bus differential voltage through FFT; the extracted characteristic subharmonic signal vdc(n) input to a dc bus capacitance calculation module (13); an alternating voltage detection module (10) detects three-phase voltage v at the alternating sidea,vb,vcObtaining a voltage signal vabcThe direct current bus capacitance is input to a direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13); the current detection module (11) detects three-phase current i at the alternating current sidea,ib,icObtaining a current signal iabcThe direct current bus capacitance is input to a direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13); the direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13) is used for calculating the capacitance of the direct current bus according to the input signal vdc(n),vabc,iabcAnd an output dmCalculating the capacitance value of an output bus; a bus midpoint current in calculation model is arranged in the direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13), and the bus midpoint current i obtained by calculating the bus midpoint current in calculation model is calculatednConverting the voltage into frequency domain by Laplace transform, and combining the characteristic subharmonic v of the voltage difference between the positive and negative DC busesdc(n) calculating the actual running bus capacitance value:
Figure BDA0003443573290000031
where n is the number of characteristic harmonics, ω0At an alternating angular frequency, in(n) is the bus midpoint current inThe nth harmonic in the frequency domain.
The harmonic analysis module (12) extracts the characteristic subharmonic voltage of the positive and negative bus differential voltage through FFT (fast Fourier transform), namely 3 rd, 6 th and 9 th harmonics, or one or two of the 3 rd, 6 th and 9 th harmonics.
The bus midpoint current in calculation model is used for calculating the bus midpoint current inCollected as AC voltage vabcAlternating current iabcPositive bus voltage vdc1Negative bus voltage vdc2Common mode duty cycle signal dmRelated, bus midpoint current in＝f(vabc,iabc,vdc1,vdc2,dm) Bus midpoint current i at a certain time tn(t) can be expressed as: i.e. in(t)＝f(vabc(t),iabc(t),vdc1(t),vdc2(t),dm(t))。
In addition, the output power of the inverter can be automatically adjusted according to the calculated direct current bus capacitance value by a control program implanted in the control chip (3). Therefore, the faults possibly caused by insufficient direct current bus capacitance can be effectively avoided, and the service life of the inverter is prolonged.
The invention provides an inverter capable of automatically detecting a direct current bus capacitor and a detection method thereof, which can automatically detect the direct current bus capacitor in real time. The direct current bus capacitor is mainly responsible for energy flow between the inverter and a load thereof, so that the direct current voltage is maintained in a set range, and the stability of the direct current voltage is related to the control performance of the whole system; in the long-term operation of the equipment, the equipment is influenced by direct-current voltage fluctuation and harmonic current, the service life of the capacitor can be reduced and even damaged, further, direct-current voltage ripples are increased, the stability of a system is reduced, and the system is broken down when the system is serious; the dc bus capacitance of the inverter is also one of the key devices. The invention can effectively avoid the failure of the bus capacitor caused by factors such as poor device quality, bad operation condition, capacitance attenuation caused by long-time operation and the like, thereby further causing the fault damage of the inverter.
The inverter capable of automatically detecting the direct current bus capacitor and the detection method thereof can automatically detect the state of the direct current bus capacitor in real time, and on one hand, the inverter can be replaced in time when the capacitance value of the direct current bus capacitor exceeds the preset range so as to maintain normal power supply of the inverter and avoid serious loss caused by accidental power failure of the inverter. On the other hand, the active closed-loop algorithm can adapt to different operation conditions of the inverter, so that the health condition of the current bus capacitor can be judged, and the temperature and the service life of the bus capacitor are estimated by combining bus voltage or current ripples. In addition, the output power of the inverter can be automatically adjusted according to the calculated direct current bus capacitance value by a control program implanted in the control chip (3). Therefore, the faults possibly caused by insufficient direct current bus capacitance can be effectively avoided, and the service life of the inverter is prolonged.
The invention effectively solves the technical problem which is not solved for a long time in the industry.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an inverter circuit for automatically detecting dc bus capacitance according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the method for automatically detecting the dc bus capacitance of the inverter of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating key steps of the detection method of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1. an inverter bridge circuit; 2. a filter circuit; 3. a control chip; 4, a PWM driving circuit; 5. a direct current voltage detection circuit; 6. an alternating voltage detection circuit; 7. a current detection circuit; a PWM module; 9. a direct current voltage detection module; 10. an alternating voltage detection module; 11. a current detection module; 12. a harmonic analysis module; 13. and a direct current bus capacitance calculation module.
Detailed Description
The following describes a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3.
The invention discloses an inverter for automatically detecting a direct-current bus capacitor, which comprises an inverter bridge circuit (1), a filter circuit (2) and a control circuit which are connected with each other, wherein a direct-current input end is connected with the inverter bridge circuit (1) through a positive bus capacitor C1 and a negative bus capacitor C2, the filter circuit (2) is connected with an alternating-current output end, the control circuit comprises a control chip (3) serving as a central processing unit of the whole control circuit, and a control program is implanted in the control chip (3); the control circuit is characterized by comprising a PWM (pulse-width modulation) driving circuit (4), a direct-current voltage detection circuit (5), an alternating-current voltage detection circuit (6) and a current detection circuit (7); the input end of the PWM driving circuit (4) is connected with the control chip (3), and the output end of the PWM driving circuit is connected with the inverter bridge circuit (1); the output end of the direct-current voltage detection circuit (5) is connected with the control chip (3), and the input end of the direct-current voltage detection circuit is respectively connected with the two ends of a positive bus capacitor C1 and the two ends of a negative bus capacitor C2 of the direct-current input end; the output end of the alternating voltage detection circuit (6) is connected with the control chip (3), and the input end of the alternating voltage detection circuit is connected with the alternating current output end; the output end of the current detection circuit (7) is connected with the control chip (3), and the input end of the current detection circuit is connected with the alternating current output end.
The inverter bridge circuit (1), the filter circuit (2) and the control circuit can be arranged on at least one PCB.
When the inverter works, the control chip (3) continuously collects instantaneous values of direct current voltage, alternating current voltage and current of a point position respectively through the direct current voltage detection circuit (5), the alternating current voltage detection circuit (6) and the current detection circuit (7), and finally calculates a direct current bus capacitance value through a control program implanted in the control chip (3) through operation and signal conversion.
The invention relates to a method for automatically detecting direct current bus capacitance of an inverter, which has the general idea that the characteristic subharmonic of the direct current bus voltage difference is changed by adjusting the modulation duty ratio of an inverter bridge circuit (1); and calculating the current capacitance value of the bus capacitor by calculating the superposed common-mode signal and the fed-back characteristic subharmonic.
As shown in fig. 2, the control program implanted in the control chip (3) includes a PWM module (8), a dc voltage detection module (9), an ac voltage detection module (10), a current detection module (11), a harmonic analysis module (12), and a dc bus capacitance calculation module (13).
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, when the inverter is in operation, the dc bus capacitance calculating module (13) adjusts and outputs the duty ratio common mode signal dmAnd for the PWM module (8), the PWM module (8) generates a driving signal of the inverter bridge circuit (1) according to the common-mode duty ratio signal, and the inverter bridge circuit (1) is driven to output through the PWM driving circuit (4).
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the dc voltage detection module (9) detects the voltage signal V of the positive bus capacitor C1dc1And voltage signal V of negative bus capacitor C2dc2The voltage signal is obtained as a voltage difference signal Vdc_dmInput to a harmonic analysis module (12); the harmonic analysis module (12) extracts the characteristic subharmonic voltage of the positive and negative bus differential voltage through FFT; the extracted characteristic subharmonic signal vdc(n) input to a dc bus capacitance calculation module (13); an alternating voltage detection module (10) detects three-phase voltage v at the alternating sidea,vb,vcObtaining a voltage signal vabcThe input is input into a direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13).
The current detection module (11) detects three-phase current i at the alternating current sidea,ib,icObtaining a current signal iabcThe input is input into a direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13). The direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13) is used for calculating the capacitance of the direct current bus according to the input signal vdc(n),vabc,iabcAnd an output dmAnd calculating the capacitance value of the output bus.
A bus midpoint current in calculation model is arranged in the direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13). The bus midpoint current i is calculated by the bus midpoint current in calculation modelnCollected as AC voltage vabcAlternating current iabcPositive bus voltage vdc1Negative bus voltage vdc2Common mode duty cycle signal dmRelated, bus midpoint current in＝f(vabc,iabc,vdc1,vdc2,dm) Thus, the bus midpoint current i at a certain time tn(t) can be expressed as: i.e. in(t)＝f(vabc(t),iabc(t),vdc1(t),vdc2(t),dm(t))。
Calculating the bus midpoint current i by using a bus midpoint current in calculation modelnConverting the voltage into frequency domain by Laplace transform, and combining the characteristic subharmonic v of the voltage difference between the positive and negative DC busesdc(n) calculating the actual running bus capacitance value:
Figure BDA0003443573290000051
where n is the number of characteristic harmonics, ω0At an alternating angular frequency, in(n) is the bus midpoint current inThe nth harmonic in the frequency domain. The harmonic analysis module (12) extracts the characteristic subharmonic voltage of the positive and negative bus differential voltage through FFT, and can generally extract 3 rd, 6 th and 9 th harmonics, or extract one or two of the 3 rd, 6 th and 9 th harmonics.
In addition, the output power of the inverter can be automatically adjusted according to the calculated direct current bus capacitance value by a control program implanted in the control chip (3). Therefore, the faults possibly caused by insufficient direct current bus capacitance can be effectively avoided, and the service life of the inverter is prolonged.
The inverter capable of automatically detecting the direct current bus capacitor and the detection method thereof can automatically detect the state of the direct current bus capacitor in real time, and on one hand, the inverter can be replaced in time when the capacitance value of the direct current bus capacitor exceeds the preset range so as to maintain normal power supply of the inverter and avoid serious loss caused by accidental power failure of the inverter. On the other hand, the active closed-loop algorithm can adapt to different operation conditions of the inverter, so that the health condition of the current bus capacitor can be judged, and the temperature and the service life of the bus capacitor are estimated by combining bus voltage or current ripples.

Claims (10)

1. An inverter for automatically detecting a direct-current bus capacitor comprises an inverter bridge circuit (1), a filter circuit (2) and a control circuit which are connected with each other, wherein a direct-current input end is connected with the inverter bridge circuit (1) through a positive bus capacitor C1 and a negative bus capacitor C2, the filter circuit (2) is connected with an alternating-current output end, the control circuit comprises a control chip (3) serving as a central processing unit of the whole control circuit, and a control program is implanted in the control chip (3); the control circuit is characterized by comprising a PWM (pulse-width modulation) driving circuit (4), a direct-current voltage detection circuit (5), an alternating-current voltage detection circuit (6) and a current detection circuit (7); the input end of the PWM driving circuit (4) is connected with the control chip (3), and the output end of the PWM driving circuit is connected with the inverter bridge circuit (1); the output end of the direct-current voltage detection circuit (5) is connected with the control chip (3), and the input end of the direct-current voltage detection circuit is respectively connected with the two ends of a positive bus capacitor C1 and the two ends of a negative bus capacitor C2 of the direct-current input end; the output end of the alternating voltage detection circuit (6) is connected with the control chip (3), and the input end of the alternating voltage detection circuit is connected with the alternating current output end; the output end of the current detection circuit (7) is connected with the control chip (3), and the input end of the current detection circuit is connected with the alternating current output end.
2. The inverter according to claim 1, wherein when the inverter is in operation, the control chip (3) continuously collects instantaneous values of the dc voltage, the ac voltage and the current at the point respectively through the dc voltage detection circuit (5), the ac voltage detection circuit (6) and the current detection circuit (7), and calculates the dc bus capacitance value through operation and signal conversion and finally through a control program implanted in the control chip (3).
3. The inverter according to claim 1, wherein the inverter bridge circuit (1), the filter circuit (2) and the control circuit are all arranged on at least one PCB board.
4. Inverter according to claim 1, characterized in that the output power of the inverter is self-regulated by a control program implanted in the control chip (3) according to the calculated dc bus capacitance.
5. The method for self-detecting the capacitance of the direct current bus of the inverter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the characteristic subharmonic of the voltage difference of the direct current bus is changed by adjusting the modulation duty cycle of the inverter bridge circuit (1); and calculating the current capacitance value of the bus capacitor by calculating the superposed common-mode signal and the fed-back characteristic subharmonic.
6. The method for the inverter to automatically detect the DC bus capacitance according to claim 5, wherein the control program comprises a PWM module (8), a DC voltage detection module (9), an AC voltage detection module (10), a current detection module (11), a harmonic analysis module (12) and a DC bus capacitance calculation module (13).
7. The method for the inverter to automatically detect the DC bus capacitance according to claim 6, wherein the DC bus capacitance calculating module (13) adjusts and outputs the duty ratio common mode signal dmFor the PWM module (8), the PWM module (8) generates a driving signal of the inverter bridge circuit (1) according to the common-mode duty ratio signal, and the inverter bridge circuit (1) is driven to output through the PWM driving circuit (4);
the direct current voltage detection module (9) detects a voltage signal V of the positive bus capacitor C1dc1And voltage signal V of negative bus capacitor C2dc2The voltage signal is obtained as a voltage difference signal Vdc_dmInput to a harmonic analysis module (12); harmonic analysis modeThe block (12) extracts the characteristic subharmonic voltage of the positive and negative bus differential voltage through FFT; the extracted characteristic subharmonic signal vdc(n) input to a dc bus capacitance calculation module (13);
an alternating voltage detection module (10) detects three-phase voltage v at the alternating sidea,vb,vcObtaining a voltage signal vabcThe direct current bus capacitance is input to a direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13); the current detection module (11) detects three-phase current i at the alternating current sidea,ib,icObtaining a current signal iabcThe direct current bus capacitance is input to a direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13);
the direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13) is used for calculating the capacitance of the direct current bus according to the input signal vdc(n),vabc,iabcAnd an output dmCalculating the capacitance value of an output bus; a bus midpoint current in calculation model is arranged in the direct current bus capacitance calculation module (13), and the bus midpoint current i obtained by calculating the bus midpoint current in calculation model is calculatednConverting the voltage into frequency domain by Laplace transform, and combining the characteristic subharmonic v of the voltage difference between the positive and negative DC busesdc(n) calculating the actual running bus capacitance value:
Figure FDA0003443573280000021
where n is the number of characteristic harmonics, ω0At an alternating angular frequency, in(n) is the bus midpoint current inThe nth harmonic in the frequency domain.
8. The method for the inverter to automatically detect the DC bus capacitance according to claim 7, wherein the harmonic analysis module (12) extracts the characteristic subharmonic voltage of the positive and negative bus differential voltage by FFT to extract the 3 rd, 6 th, 9 th harmonics, or one or two of the 3 rd, 6 th, 9 th harmonics.
9. The method for the inverter to self-test the capacitance of the DC bus according to claim 7, wherein the bus midpoint current inCalculating the bus midpoint current i by the modelnAre collected asAC voltage vabcAlternating current iabcPositive bus voltage vdc1Negative bus voltage vdc2Common mode duty cycle signal dmRelated, bus midpoint current in＝f(vabc,iabc,vdc1,vdc2,dm) Bus midpoint current i at a certain time tn(t) can be expressed as: i.e. in(t)＝f(vabc(t),iabc(t),vdc1(t),vdc2(t),dm(t))。
10. The method for the inverter to self-detect the DC bus capacitance according to claim 5, characterized in that the control program embedded in the control chip (3) self-regulates the output power of the inverter according to the calculated DC bus capacitance.
CN202111643732.9A 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Inverter capable of automatically detecting direct current bus capacitance and detection method thereof Pending CN114355054A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117572135A (en) * 2024-01-16 2024-02-20 新风光电子科技股份有限公司 Three-level direct current bus capacitor life online monitoring method and device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117572135A (en) * 2024-01-16 2024-02-20 新风光电子科技股份有限公司 Three-level direct current bus capacitor life online monitoring method and device

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