CN1649727A - 带有层合薄膜的层压风挡玻璃 - Google Patents

带有层合薄膜的层压风挡玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1649727A
CN1649727A CNA038101408A CN03810140A CN1649727A CN 1649727 A CN1649727 A CN 1649727A CN A038101408 A CNA038101408 A CN A038101408A CN 03810140 A CN03810140 A CN 03810140A CN 1649727 A CN1649727 A CN 1649727A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
film
lamination
interlayer
adhesive
lamination windshield
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Granted
Application number
CNA038101408A
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English (en)
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CN100391731C (zh
Inventor
V·奥费尔曼
W·格伦茨
L·林登
M·斯蒂芬斯
H·施尔德
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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Abstract

在带有层合薄膜的层压风挡玻璃中，该薄膜通过粘结作用将两块刚性窗玻璃板彼此装配成一块层压风挡玻璃，根据本发明，该薄膜包括可以熔化的至少一层着色的粘胶膜和一层非着色的粘胶膜，在两个可以熔化的不同着色的粘胶膜之间有至少一个中间层，在熔化期间，它可以使两个粘胶膜的彼此相对的表面均匀地补平。因此得到能达到视觉上均匀透明着色的成品。

Description

带有层合薄膜的层压风挡玻璃
本发明涉及含有层合薄膜的层压风挡玻璃，这种玻璃板具有权利要求1前序部分的特性。
人们知道，车辆的滑动-旋转车顶装备或车辆后侧玻璃窗或后视镜都配备了层压风挡玻璃，这些风挡玻璃基本上由两块玻璃或塑料材质的刚性窗玻璃和粘胶膜组成，该薄膜通过粘结作用把这两块刚性窗玻璃彼此粘合在一起。为了吸收通过处于安装状态的层压风挡玻璃的部分光线，往往在其本体中使用着色粘胶膜。通过与未着色的本身的最后状态为透明的粘胶膜结合，可以改善最终的层板的声学性能(隔音)以及抗紫外辐射。对于后一种效果，在安装层压风挡玻璃时这种未着色的胶粘膜是朝向光线的(向外)。它吸收了大部分的紫外辐射，这种辐射时间长时可以改变着色胶粘膜的着色作用。
当在约130-150℃下通过压力釜对这种层压风挡玻璃的这些层进行最后接合时，这两种粘胶膜几乎完全熔化。但是有时制成的层压风挡玻璃着色明显不均匀且模糊不清。人们已观察到，由于在透明粘胶膜与着色粘胶膜之间的界面的薄膜表面凸凹不平和呈波状，在压力釜中产生不规则的流动现象，因此造成在熔化前厚度基本上均匀的薄膜厚度发生波动，特别地，这两个彼此相贴的薄膜在开始具有相同或不同厚度这种情况除外。
薄膜表面的粗糙度和波动性一方面在生产时是不可避免的，而另一方面在进行减压时，它们有助于可靠地除去层压板半制品中的空气。人们知道，包藏在这些层间的空气应该除去，并且在这种情况下通过由这些表面结构形成的通道流走。
人们还知道层压风挡玻璃，其中为了增加隔热作用，在两个粘胶膜之间插入另外的热塑性塑料薄膜，通常是用PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)制成的热塑性塑料薄膜，它本身有反射红外辐射的涂层(含有金属)。对于同样的功能，还可以使用由共挤塑或层压的PET-PMMA组成的无金属成分的薄膜(人们知道商品名为SRF 3M“太阳光反射薄膜”)。
在这些层合薄膜中—带有同样色调的粘胶膜—，自然没有提到不同的着色和粘胶膜的混合问题。
本发明的目的是使用不同着色的粘胶膜来改善带有层合薄膜层压风挡玻璃的这种性质，以便避免熔化时厚度波动可能引起的光学扰动。
根据本发明，采用权利要求1的特征可以达到这个目的。从属权利要求的这些特征是对这个主题的有利改进。
在着色的粘胶膜与透明的粘胶膜之间加至少一层附加中间层，确实可以避免出现不希望的光学效果，在压力釜的处理过程中，附加中间层的表面不会发生变化，在这些层板层接合以后，这种附加中间层还基本上保持最后所得的空间形状。因此相邻的粘胶膜表面在熔化时是均匀平整的，不会形成任何目视可见的波纹。
作为中间层，例如可以使用透明的PET薄膜、涂布的PET薄膜，例如Southwall XIR类的PET薄膜、共挤塑的PET-PMMA薄膜，例如SRF 3M共挤塑的PET-PMMA薄膜，但也可以使用许多其它的薄膜(例如用PC、PE、PEN、PMMA、PVC制成的薄膜)，它们在目视时是尽可能透明的，在压力釜中也不会改变其表面和稳定性。
另一个基本要求自然是，这些作为中间层使用的薄膜可以与相邻粘胶膜相容。特别是这些粘胶膜与其中间层之间应该有良好的粘着性，不用担心这些层会发生分离。同样地，还不应该出现任何的化学或物理相互作用，这些作用在层压风挡玻璃寿命期间会导致光学或机械扰动。
还能插入其它的刚性窗玻璃作为中间层，然而优选地，不排出用玻璃或塑料(例如聚碳酸酯)材质的极薄窗玻璃作为中间层，这种窗玻璃还未预成型便可以任选地采用，甚至层压风挡玻璃的两块刚性窗玻璃有轻微弯曲时也是如此。如果层压风挡玻璃是平的和/或如果其总厚度和重量不大时，则用玻璃或塑料材质的标准厚度(几毫米)的刚性窗玻璃可以构成这个中间层。
借助埋入该层合薄膜中的这个中间层，在每种情况下都可形成分隔层或分隔壁，该层能阻挡在两个不同粘胶膜之间不希望的不规则的流动过程，甚至在它们完全熔化时也是如此。将如此生产的层压风挡玻璃着色成在视觉上明显地达到非常均匀。
根据本发明的另一个变通方案，通过让中间层本身适当着色也可以使成品在视觉上获得明显的互补着色。除了甚至在一系列同样结构的层压风挡玻璃中具有高度韧性和再现性的第一粘胶膜的着色外，可以给着色的中间层提供不同的颜色，例如以便达到适应于周围的色调(车辆车身漆、车内设备)，自然应细心地使粘胶膜的基本色调与中间层的附加色调彼此协调一致。
实施例
为了实施本发明，以通常的方式取两块具有希望形状的刚性窗玻璃(周边和任选弯曲的轮廓)。以适当方式切割着色粘胶膜和未着色粘胶膜，再在它们之间插入PET薄膜。然后把这叠薄膜放在一块刚性窗玻璃上，再把第二块刚性窗玻璃盖在它上面。一般地，切割出比刚性窗玻璃表面积小一点的薄膜表面积。其两块刚性窗玻璃都是用玻璃或塑料制成的，或使用一块用玻璃制成的窗玻璃和一块用塑料制成的窗玻璃。
在用适当的设备除去这叠窗玻璃和薄膜中的空气后，将这种层压的半制品在压力釜中进行热和压力处理。此时，这些粘胶膜完全熔化，它们分别与相邻的刚性窗玻璃或中间层的面紧密地粘接在一起。
以本身已知的方式，应采用适当的办法将层合的薄膜平面中的这两个刚性窗玻璃之间的四周空隙封闭，目的是避免从这些地方流出。
变通地，还可以采用预制方法生产该层合薄膜，代替在装配前放入该薄膜，在其过程中或者预先把其中一个粘胶膜粘合在该中间层上，以便只是再放第二个粘胶膜，或者这三层薄膜就已经结合起来，然后只是进行切割，以适合于这些刚性窗玻璃。
当该中间层为涂敷的PET薄膜形式时，往往使用这样一些层压的半制品，在所述的PET薄膜中，涂敷主面在涂布后不久就已经被粘胶膜覆盖，以便防止所有这些层的相应敏感多层受到损害。
在得到已安装了中间层或薄板的层压玻璃窗后，该中间层或薄板将两个不同的粘胶层或薄板隔开，可以根据优选使用的本发明玻璃窗在汽车车身或建筑物的窗洞中安装所述的玻璃窗。
为了避免粘胶层或薄板不被太阳辐射降解，把该玻璃窗安装在所述的窗洞中，同时放置未着色的粘胶层或薄板使其朝向入射光。这时它们能吸收大部分有害的辐射，而它本身还不会被降解(失去颜色)。人们应理解，在生产层压板时，在层压玻璃窗一侧(构成其内侧)应放置所述的着色粘胶层或薄板，这在凸玻璃窗的情况下是特别重要的。

Claims (11)

1、带有层合薄膜的层压风挡玻璃，该薄膜通过粘结作用将两块刚性窗玻璃彼此装配成一块层压风挡玻璃，该薄膜包括在生产层压风挡玻璃时可以熔化的至少一层着色的粘胶膜和一层非着色的粘胶膜，其特征在于在两个可以熔化的不同着色粘胶膜之间有至少一个中间层，熔化期间，它可以使两个粘胶膜的彼此相对的表面均匀地补平。
2、根据权利要求1所述的层压风挡玻璃，其特征在于成品中的着色薄膜的可见光透射值是1-85％。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的层压风挡玻璃，其特征在于该中间层是用厚度为10-100μm的PET薄膜制成的。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的层压风挡玻璃，其特征在于该中间层是用反射红外辐射的SRF 3M类型的无金属薄膜制成的。
5、根据权利要求1或2所述的层压风挡玻璃，其特征在于该中间层是用玻璃或塑料材质的附加刚性窗玻璃制成的。
6、根据上述权利要求中任意一项权利要求所述的层压风挡玻璃，其特征在于这两个粘胶膜中每一个的厚度是0.2-1.1mm，优选为0.38-0.76mm。
7、根据权利要求6所述的层压风挡玻璃，其特征在于至少一层粘胶膜是由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛组成的。
8、根据权利要求6所述的层压风挡玻璃，其特征在于至少一层粘胶膜是由无增塑剂的热塑性塑料组成的，特别是由乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)组成的。
9、根据权利要求6所述的层压风挡玻璃，其特征在于至少一层粘胶膜是由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)组成的。
10、根据上述权利要求中任意一项权利要求所述的层压风挡玻璃，其特征在于所述的中间层本身是着色的。
11、根据权利要求10所述的层压风挡玻璃，其特征在于与单独的粘胶膜的颜色相比，该中间层的颜色加上了着色粘胶层的颜色，得到了改变的透明颜色。
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US20050233136A1 (en) 2005-10-20
CN100391731C (zh) 2008-06-04
KR101110303B1 (ko) 2012-02-17
DE20221989U1 (de) 2010-04-29
MXPA04011037A (es) 2005-01-25
KR20050003413A (ko) 2005-01-10
AU2003254526A1 (en) 2003-12-12
WO2003099553A1 (fr) 2003-12-04
JP2005529766A (ja) 2005-10-06
US7135219B2 (en) 2006-11-14
EP1549490B1 (fr) 2014-10-01
PT1549490E (pt) 2014-12-18
DE10220299A1 (de) 2003-12-04
EP1549490A1 (fr) 2005-07-06

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