CN1644574A - Non-nitrine gas generating agent and production thereof - Google Patents
Non-nitrine gas generating agent and production thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1644574A CN1644574A CN 200410098751 CN200410098751A CN1644574A CN 1644574 A CN1644574 A CN 1644574A CN 200410098751 CN200410098751 CN 200410098751 CN 200410098751 A CN200410098751 A CN 200410098751A CN 1644574 A CN1644574 A CN 1644574A
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Abstract
A non-laminated gas producing agent and its production are disclosed. The non-laminated gas producing agent consists of oxygen-enriched carbamidine nitrate 40-60% with granularity 0.5-6mu, basic copper nitrate 10-28% as oxidant with granularity 0.5-6mu, copperon oxide of catalyst with primary oxidant 15-30% with granularity 0.1-6mu, and clay or paraffin wax 0.1-3% as process assistant with granularity 1-20mu. The production is carried out by: breaking the materials, adding into mixer by proportioning, mixing, sieving by screen, adding water 10-30%, agitating, drying, sieving the dried materials by screen with 20-80 mesh to obtain medicine particles, pressing into tablets, and drying the tablets under 100-120deg.C for 1.5-2.5hrs with water content <0.4%. It achieves wide regulating range, high gas output efficiency, and clean gas composition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to non-nitrine gas propellant and manufacturing process that a kind of automobile safety air bag gas generator is used.
Background technology
Producer gas generator uses the solid gas propellant usually in car safety air bag, the prescription of initial gas-evolution agent is based upon on the sodiumazide prescription basis, nitrine prescription combustion speed is high, the burning back forms an easy filtering solid residue, be easy to be detained to get off by the filtration unit in the producer, reduced the content of dust in the gas, provide that the combustion temperature is low, the work combustion gas of cleaning gas.But because sodiumazide toxicity, safety in utilization and environmental requirement, it and heavy metal reaction generate the heavy metal azide salt, as copper azide, its mechanical sensitivity height, very easily cause burning and explosion hazard in the production, nitrine gas-evolution agent in the original air bag of depleted also easily causes environmental pollution, increases to destroy cost, so the nitrine prescription is eliminated gradually., therefore provide the fast wide ranges of combustion, easily slagging, filterableness is good, atmosphere is clean, the combustion temperature is low and the combustion gas that meets security and environmental requirement is the target of gas-evolution agent formula development.
The prescription that Chinese patent ZL9493677.5 provides is by guanidinesalt, carbonate or supercarbonate or nitrate as guanidine, aminoguanidine, Imidocarbonic acid dihydrazide, triaminoguanidine, the nitrate of basic metal or alkaline-earth metal or ammonium nitrate are as oxygenant, basic metal or alkaline earth metal silicate, aluminosilicate are as slag forming agent, and secondary oxygenant is ferric oxide, cupric oxide, Manganse Dioxide composition.Yet, the gas-evolution agent prescription of above-mentioned patent is owing to use guanidine compound to be fuel, combustion velocity modulation joint difficulty, add a large amount of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal nitrates as oxygenant, add secondary oxygenant metal oxide, this type of nitrate is not obvious to improving prescription combustion speed, and ignition characteristic is poor, do not satisfy the requirement of fast aeration in the airbag system, also easily form and be difficult to filtering powder, though adding silicate still is difficult to effective slagging, this patent does not provide the manufacturing process of gas-evolution agent yet simultaneously.
US 6,077, and 372, US 6,224,697, US 6,592, and 691, US 6,550,808, US6,436,211, US 6,103,030, US 6,038, and 311, US 5, dinitric acid diamino mantoquita and preparation method are provided in 841,065 patents, and fuel comprises Guanidinium nitrate, cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX), heterogeneous ring compound, guanidine radicals ureas etc., secondary oxygenant has modified ammonium nitrate, perchlorate, basic copper nitrate, metal oxide, oxymuriate etc.Yet above-mentioned patent does not disclose the thermostability and the water absorbability of dinitric acid diamino mantoquita, with other chemical substance blended stability, is difficult to guarantee in time limit in work-ing life internal ballistics attributes stable.
US 5,989, provide in 367 by the fuel Guanidinium nitrate, the smokeless prescription that oxygenant ammonium nitrate, ammoniumper chlorate, combustionregulator are formed, but oxygenant ammonium nitrate and ammoniumper chlorate prescription combustion temperature are higher, need more refrigerating unit, increase manufacturing cost, and easily produce irritant gas HCl, cause like a hen on a hot girdle stimulation to the passenger.
US 6,143, and 102 provide 30%～60% guanidine class, tetrazole compound, secondary fuel C u (L
2) (NO
3)
2The gas-evolution agent prescription, wherein L is organism such as quadrol, burning ratemodifier Al, Ti, Zn, Mg, Zr, oxygenant is a basic copper nitrate.In order to improve combustion speed, add metal simple-substance, but also improved the combustion temperature of gas-evolution agent simultaneously, this is obviously very unfavorable to reducing exit gas combustion temperature.
US 6,132, and 537 provide 20%～60% Guanidinium nitrate, 5%～95% heterogeneous ring compound, metal oxide, 2%～30% nitrate or the prescription of perchlorate.US 6,602, and 365 provide Guanidinium nitrate, guanidine radicals urea, the prescription of basic copper nitrate, aluminium sesquioxide.
Yet above-mentioned each patent exists still that combustion temperature is higher, gaseous product has certain dust, and combustion speed is low, thermostability and the relatively poor shortcoming of chemical stability.
Summary of the invention
The problem that technology of the present invention solves is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of combustion temperature is low, the gaseous product dust is little, harmful gas concentration is low, slagability is good, combustion speed is high, nonhygroscopic, the factor of created gase height, and thermostability and chemical stability are good, be applicable to the non-nitrine gas propellant in security device such as the automobile air-bag system, the manufacturing process of this kind prescription is provided simultaneously.
Technical solution of the present invention is: non-nitrine gas propellant, its characteristics are to comprise following component (mass percent):
Rich oxygen containing Guanidinium nitrate, content is 40%～60%, granularity between 0.5 μ～6 μ,
Oxygenant is a basic copper nitrate, and content is 10%～28%, granularity between 0.5 μ～6 μ,
The hold concurrently copper ferriferous oxide of secondary oxygenant of catalyzer, granularity 0.1 μ～6 μ, content are 15%～30%,
Secondary oxygenant is the perchloric acid ammonium salt, and consumption is 2%～5%, granularity 0.6 μ～6 μ,
Can also add process auxiliaries in the above-mentioned prescription is clay or paraffin, and consumption is 0.1%～3%, granularity 1 μ～20 μ of clay.Process auxiliaries clay or paraffin may be used alone, can also be used in combination.
Guanidinium nitrate in the above-mentioned prescription (granularity 0.5 μ～6 μ) adds basic copper nitrate (granularity 0.5 μ～6 μ), copper ferriferous oxide (granularity 0.1 μ～6 μ) and ammoniumper chlorate (granularity 0.6 μ～6 μ), add copper ferriferous oxide catalysis ammoniumper chlorate by these fine-grained starting material, it is slow to have solved Guanidinium nitrate prescription combustion speed, and the problem that is difficult to regulate, improved the fast scope of application of combustion, filterableness is good, the combustion temperature is low to provide one, and harmful gas concentration is low, dust is few, nonhygroscopic non-nitrine gas propellant prescription.
The present invention provides the manufacturing process of above-mentioned gas propellant simultaneously, and its characteristics comprise the following steps:
(1) material that will be crushed to above-mentioned granularity adds in the mixing machine after the weighing in proportion, as V-Mixer, in multidirectional movement mixer, the stereo mixing machines etc., adds and accounts for porcelain ball or the porcelain rod that mixes volume 1/10～1/2, and iron ball or iron staff also can.Help lend some impetus to the mixing of fine powder material like this and flow, the fine powder material of broken caking has solved because the meticulous fine powder material caking that causes of granularity and mix uneven problem.This joins pulverizer with the gas-evolution agent powder and uses ball different fully with excellent fragmentation, because have the effect of intensive mixture in mixing machine, can greatly improve mixing efficiency, and the mixed effect of pulverizer is just far short of what is expected.
(2) after the material that mixes goes out with screen filtration, the water of adding 10%～30%, in tablets press such as trough type mixing machine, wet-mixed machine etc., stir evenly, dry in baking oven or in the boiling drier, the water content that control in the material this moment is very important, should be strict controlled in about 1%, and the too low then mechanical sensitivity of water content is too high, be unfavorable for the compressing tablet safety in production, cause pyrophoricity accident easily; The too high then powder of water content easily caking is unfavorable for that powder flows, and stops up the control of compressing tablet difficult quality simultaneously easily.Dried powder is crossed 20 orders～80 mesh sieves or is sifted out the medicine grain of uniformity by pelletizing machine; in rotary tablet machine, suppress the tablet of different thickness and diameter on demand; tablet was 100 ℃～120 ℃ bakings 1.5 hours～2 hours, and water content is controlled at less than 0.4%.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
(1) the used fuel of gas-evolution agent of the present invention is Guanidinium nitrate.Guanidinium nitrate can reduce the generation of the consumption and the obnoxious flavour CO of oxygenant owing to be rich in oxygen, and the content of nitrogen is also high, and gas production rate is big, and Enthalpies of Formation is low, and the combustion temperature is low, thereby is widely used in all gases propellant.Have wide material sources, with low cost, thermostability, safe is with characteristics such as other chemical substance consistency are good.The consumption of Guanidinium nitrate in prescription between 40%～60%, optimum amount 45%～55%, granularity is between 0.5 μ～6 μ, optimum size 1 μ～4 μ more can give full play to its advantage.
(2) the used oxygenant of the present invention is basic copper nitrate Cu (NO
3)
23Cu (OH)
2XH
2O (X=1/2,1,2), it has excellent thermostability, and in secular preservation, the internal ballistics attributes of gas-evolution agent are stable, have the factor of created gase height, and Enthalpies of Formation is low, advantages such as the easy filtration of combustionresidue.Because its divalence Cu ion in reaction has participated in redox, be reduced into elemental copper simultaneously, do not consume extra oxygen, can reduce the consumption of oxygenant.And the metal ion of basic metal such as strontium nitrate, saltpetre or alkaline-earth metal generates strontium oxide and potassium oxide in reaction, also need consume extra oxygen, formation is difficult to filtering thin oxide compound dust, the CO content that produces than the Guanidinium nitrate prescription of same ratio alkali metal or alkaline earth metal nitrate is low, the usage quantity of basic copper nitrate in prescription is between 10%～28%, granularity 0.5 μ～6 μ, optimum size 2 μ～5 μ.
(3) adopted above-mentioned oxygenant and fuel after, for the ignition characteristic that increases gas-evolution agent with improve combustion speed, added secondary oxygenant copper ferriferous oxide and ammoniumper chlorate in the prescription.The copper ferriferous oxide not only plays the effect of oxygenant in prescription, and ammoniumper chlorate is decomposed also play katalysis, usage quantity 15%～30%, granularity is all effective between 0.1 μ～6 μ.Can improve prescription combustion speed though directly increase the content of ammoniumper chlorate, it is too high that consumption improves back prescription combustion temperature, produces a large amount of obnoxious flavour HCl simultaneously, brings like a hen on a hot girdle stimulation to the passenger.Therefore consumption is advisable 2%～5% in prescription, and granularity is removed irritant gas HCl thereby chlorine atom wherein and copper can generate cupric chloride between 0.6 μ～6 μ.
(4) gas-evolution agent can add 0.1%～3% clay or paraffin, can increase the autohension of medicinal powder, also is easy to compression molding, can play the effect of low temperature slag forming agent simultaneously, and the dust of absorption products of combustion improves the combustion gas filterableness.Prevent that tablet from clinging the tabletting machine mould, improves demolding performace.
(5) the present invention uses copper bearing compound in a large number, has not only utilized cupric oxidisability, and cupric easily is adsorbed on the filtering net after being reduced into elemental copper in reaction, has reduced the generation of dust in the combustion gas.
(6) add goal and the thin mixing of materials homogeneity question of rod solution in the hybrid technique.
In a word, provide the gas-evolution agent prescription and the manufacturing process that are used for security system, the non-nitrine gas propellant that produces have combustion temperature low, fire fast wide ranges, factor of created gase height, advantage such as slagability is good, gas ingredients is pure.The present invention utilizes Guanidinium nitrate to act as a fuel, and basic copper nitrate is that oxygenant has been guaranteed the low combustion of gas-evolution agent temperature, slagability, the combustion gas of cleaning and high thermostability.Adding copper ferriferous oxide/ammoniumper chlorate has improved the combustion speed of gas-evolution agent, has widened the use range of gas-evolution agent, has increased the ignition quality of Guanidinium nitrate prescription, has reduced ignition delay time.Since the composition selected for use all be the source easily, use component widely, thereby gas-evolution agent has advantages such as with low cost, that thermostability is high, chemical compatibility is good.Provide thin material in mixing machine, to add goal or rod increase mixing uniformity simultaneously, added the technology of water granulation and compression molding.Add clay or paraffin and reduce knockout press, be beneficial to the tabletting machine slice.
Embodiment
Following example is for better explanation prescription of the present invention and implementation of processes effect, but the present invention is not limited only to following examples.
Embodiment 1
The copper ferriferous oxide of the basic copper nitrate of the Guanidinium nitrate of 60% granularity, 3 μ, 10% granularity, 6 μ, 5% granularity, 4 μ ammoniumper chlorate, 25% granularity, 3 μ, join successively in the multidirectional movement mixer, the porcelain rod that adds mixing machine volume 25% again, mixed 2 hours, cross and sift out material, obtain the consistent medicinal powder that is uniformly dispersed.Adding accounts for the water of medicinal powder 15% and 0.1% paraffin stirs evenly, and 40 purposes sieve is crossed in the drying back, the tablet of extrusion Φ 6mm in tabletting machine, and tablet is closely knit, smooth surface, 2 hours dryings of baking record water content less than 0.4% under 120 ℃.The gas-evolution agent of the getting 40g producer of packing into is lighted a fire in the 60L pressurized vessel, reaches maximum pressure time 65ms, and ignition delay 5ms records CO concentration 1.1%.
Embodiment 2
The copper ferriferous oxide of the basic copper nitrate of the Guanidinium nitrate of 55% granularity, 3 μ, 27% granularity, 3 μ, 3% granularity, 4 μ ammoniumper chlorate, 15% granularity, 3 μ, join successively in the multidirectional movement mixer, the porcelain rod that adds mixing machine volume 20% again, mixed 2 hours, cross and sift out material, obtain the medicinal powder of uniformity.The water and the paraffin 0.1% of adding 15% stir well, and 40 purposes sieve is crossed in the drying back, the tablet of extrusion Φ 6mm in tabletting machine, and tablet is closely knit, smooth surface, 2 hours dryings of baking record water content less than 0.40% under 120 ℃.The gas-evolution agent of the getting 40g producer of packing into is lighted a fire in the 60L pressurized vessel, reaches maximum pressure time 55ms, and ignition delay 5ms records CO concentration 0.7%.
Embodiment 3
The copper ferriferous oxide of the ammoniumper chlorate of the basic copper nitrate of the Guanidinium nitrate of 50% granularity, 5 μ, 21.9% granularity, 6 μ, 5% granularity, 4 μ, 25% granularity, 2 μ, the clay of 0.1% granularity, 15 μ, join in the V-Mixer successively, the porcelain ball not of uniform size that adds V-Mixer volume 10% again, mixed 2 hours, cross and sift out material, obtain the medicinal powder of uniformity.The water of adding 15% stirs well, and 40 purposes sieve is crossed in the drying back, records water content 1.1%, and the tablet of extrusion Φ 6mm, baking dehydration in 2 hours under 120 ℃ record water content 0.38% in tabletting machine.The gas-evolution agent of getting 40g is packed in the producer, lights a fire in the 60L pressurized vessel, records maximum pressure 190kPa, reaches maximum pressure time 58ms, ignition delay 5ms, CO concentration 0.6%.With drying the 2800mg that weighs behind the 1L water collection residue.
Embodiment 4
The copper ferriferous oxide of the basic copper nitrate of the Guanidinium nitrate of 45% granularity, 5 μ, 27% granularity, 6 μ, 3% granularity, 4 μ ammoniumper chlorate, 23% granularity, 3 μ, the clay of 2% granularity, 20 μ, pre-mixed joining in the V-Mixer, the porcelain rod that adds mixing machine volume 20% again, mixed 2 hours, sift out material, obtain the medicinal powder of uniformity.The water of adding 15% stirs well, and 40 purposes sieve is crossed in the drying back, and the tablet of extrusion Φ 6mm, baking dehydration in 2 hours under 120 ℃ record water content less than 0.40% in tabletting machine.The gas-evolution agent of the getting 40g producer of packing into is lighted a fire in the 60L pressurized vessel, reaches maximum pressure time 45ms, ignition delay 4ms, CO concentration 0.49%.
Embodiment 5
The copper ferriferous oxide of the basic copper nitrate of the Guanidinium nitrate of 40% granularity, 5 μ, 28% granularity, 6 μ, 2% granularity, 4 μ ammoniumper chlorate, 27% granularity, 3 μ, the clay of 3% granularity, 2 μ, pre-mixed joining in the V-Mixer, the porcelain rod that adds mixing machine volume 20% again, mixed 2 hours, sift out material, obtain the medicinal powder of uniformity.The water of adding 15% stirs well, and 40 purposes sieve is crossed in the drying back, and the tablet of extrusion Φ 6mm, baking dehydration in 2 hours under 120 ℃ record water content less than 0.40% in tabletting machine.The gas-evolution agent of the getting 40g producer of packing into is lighted a fire in the 60L pressurized vessel, reaches maximum pressure time 42ms, ignition delay 4ms, CO concentration 0.28%.
Embodiment 6
The copper ferriferous oxide of the ammoniumper chlorate of the basic copper nitrate of the Guanidinium nitrate of 50% granularity, 6 μ, 25% granularity, 6 μ, 5% granularity, 6 μ, 19% granularity, 6 μ, the paraffin of 1% granularity, 20 μ, join in the V-Mixer successively, the porcelain ball not of uniform size that adds V-Mixer volume 10% again, mixed 2 hours, cross and sift out material, obtain the medicinal powder of uniformity.The water of adding 15% stirs well, and 40 purposes sieve is crossed in the drying back, records water content 1.2%, and the tablet of extrusion Φ 6mm, baking dehydration in 2 hours under 120 ℃ record water content less than 0.4% in tabletting machine.The gas-evolution agent of getting 40g is packed in the producer, lights a fire in the 60L pressurized vessel, records maximum pressure 185kPa, reaches maximum pressure time 61.2ms, ignition delay 5ms, CO concentration 0.68%.
Embodiment 7
The copper ferriferous oxide of the ammoniumper chlorate of the basic copper nitrate of the Guanidinium nitrate of 50% granularity, 0.5 μ, 21% granularity, 0.5 μ, 5% granularity, 0.6 μ, 21% granularity, 0.1 μ, paraffin, 1% clay of 2% granularity, 1 μ, join in the V-Mixer successively, the porcelain ball not of uniform size that adds V-Mixer volume 10% again, mixed 2 hours, cross and sift out material, obtain the medicinal powder of uniformity.The water of adding 25% stirs well, and 40 purposes sieve is crossed in the drying back, records water content 0.9%, and the tablet of extrusion Φ 6mm, baking dehydration in 2 hours under 120 ℃ record water content less than 0.4% in tabletting machine.The gas-evolution agent of getting 40g is packed in the producer, lights a fire in the 60L pressurized vessel, records maximum pressure 195kPa, reaches maximum pressure time 52ms, ignition delay 4ms, CO concentration 0.5%.
Embodiment 8
The gas-evolution agent 40g that takes by weighing embodiment 3 packs in the producer, puts into 90 ℃ baking oven and quickens thermal ageing and take out after 400 hours, lights a fire in the 60L pressurized vessel, record maximum pressure 195kPa, reach maximum pressure time 55ms, ignition delay 4ms, CO concentration 0.62%.With drying the 2500mg that weighs behind the 1L water collection residue.
Claims (7)
1, non-nitrine gas propellant is characterized in that comprising following component (mass percent):
Rich oxygen containing Guanidinium nitrate, content is 40%～60%, granularity between 0.5 μ～6 μ,
Oxygenant is a basic copper nitrate, and content is 10%～28%, granularity between 0.5 μ～6 μ,
The hold concurrently copper ferriferous oxide of secondary oxygenant of catalyzer, granularity 0.1 μ～6 μ, content are 15%～30%,
Secondary oxygenant is the perchloric acid ammonium salt, and consumption is 2%～5%, granularity 0.6 μ～6 μ.
2, non-nitrine gas propellant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: process auxiliaries is clay or paraffin, and consumption is 0.1%～3%, granularity 1 μ～20 μ of clay.
3, non-nitrine gas propellant according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described process auxiliaries clay or paraffin may be used alone, can also be used in combination.
4, the manufacturing process of non-nitrine gas propellant is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) carries out the mixing of material in proportion after the weighing through the material that is crushed to above-mentioned granularity;
(2) after the material that mixes goes out with screen filtration, add 10%～30% water, after drying stirs;
(3) dried powder is crossed 20 orders～80 mesh sieves or is sifted out the medicine grain of uniformity by pelletizing machine, suppresses the tablet of different thickness and diameter on demand, again oven dry.
5, the manufacturing process of non-nitrine gas propellant according to claim 4 is characterized in that: add ball or the rod that accounts for mixing volume 1/10～1/5 in the mixing of above-mentioned steps (1) material, to obtain the material of uniformity.
6, ball according to claim 5 or rod is characterized in that: described ball or rod can be porcelain or metal material, the diameter phi 5mm of ball～φ 55mm, or the diameter phi 3mm～φ 60mm of rod, length 3mm～60mm.
7, the manufacturing process of non-nitrine gas propellant according to claim 4 is characterized in that: 100 ℃～120 ℃ oven dry 1.5 hours～2.5 hours, water content was controlled at less than 0.4% at above-mentioned steps (3) Chinese medicine tablet.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100987518A CN1331827C (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2004-12-16 | Non-nitrine gas generating agent and production thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100987518A CN1331827C (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2004-12-16 | Non-nitrine gas generating agent and production thereof |
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| CZ88796A3 (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1996-08-14 | Nigu Chemie Gmbh | Fuels for gas producers |
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| DE10009819A1 (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2001-09-06 | Trw Airbag Sys Gmbh & Co Kg | A sealed fuel-molded article (sic) useful for gas generators and automobile safety devices prepared by extrusion of a paste contains added thickening agent and required a decreased amount of solvent for paste formation |
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| CN107840772A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-03-27 | 湖北航天化学技术研究所 | A kind of high burn rate gas-forming agent and its granulating process |
| CN107840772B (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2020-06-30 | 湖北航天化学技术研究所 | High-burning-rate gas generating agent and granulating process thereof |
| CN107698415A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-02-16 | 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 | A kind of gas generant composition, preparation method, application and gas generator |
| CN110317120A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-10-11 | 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 | Ignition charge and the preparation method and application thereof and air-cushion inflator |
| CN112979395A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-06-18 | 中北大学 | Gas generating agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN115974632A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-04-18 | 河北东方久乐瑞丰汽车安全部件有限公司 | Gas production medicine for automobile safety airbag gas generator and preparation process thereof |
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