CN1632452A - High precision photoelectric measuring method and measuring apparatus for three-dimensional dip - Google Patents
High precision photoelectric measuring method and measuring apparatus for three-dimensional dip Download PDFInfo
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- CN1632452A CN1632452A CN 200410073456 CN200410073456A CN1632452A CN 1632452 A CN1632452 A CN 1632452A CN 200410073456 CN200410073456 CN 200410073456 CN 200410073456 A CN200410073456 A CN 200410073456A CN 1632452 A CN1632452 A CN 1632452A
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Abstract
This invention discloses a photoelectricity three-dimension inclination angle measurement method and its device with high accuracy. The meter comprises CCD components, two refection mirrors, calibration object mirror, enlargement mirror, laser components and aviation socket. The device uses the principle of inverse plumb pointing to the earth core direction and realizes the high accurate measurement of inclination angle by use of space structure enlargement and optics displacement enlargement. It can also adopt wireless special devices, wireless public web, cable special device and cable public to make remote data transmission and signal communication.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement mechanism, particularly a kind of high precision photoelectric inclination angle measurement method and the measuring instrument that utilizes this measuring method to prepare thereof.
Background technology
Slant angle sensor adopts the structure of gravity pendulum more at present.All the time point to the ultimate principle in the earth's core by the object gravity direction, the inclination angle is changed converting change in location to and realize measurement the inclination angle.The inclination angle variable signal extracts the main laser displacement measurement that adopts and utilizes the PSD electrooptical device to realize.Also utilize New type of S MR sensitive element, convert the variation at angle of inclination to electric signal output.Another measurement of dip angle adopts inductance measurement sensor, is used for determining the position of the object that can move with respect to fixed housing, thereby realizes measurement of dip angle.The inventive features of Germany Philip Hurst Sidel S.A. is that moving body comprises survey sensor, and this sensor is created in the alternating magnetic field that extends in the restricted area; Be that also alternating magnetic field passes at least one conductor circuit that is connected with shell and the length extension is measured on the edge.By circuit to forward and oppositely the voltage difference between the circuit average and it be fed to output.The system that inductance sensor is used to measure angle between fixed housing and the axle.But this its measuring accuracy of class inclination angle measurement method all is lower than 30 ".Do not satisfy the high-precision tilt angle Testing requirement.
Summary of the invention
Defective or deficiency at above-mentioned prior art exists the objective of the invention is to, and a kind of high precision photoelectric three-dimensional dip measuring method and measuring instrument thereof are provided.This method can utilize down/and the vertical line that just hangs down vertically points to the principle of the earth's core direction, utilizes space structure to amplify or the optics displacement enlargement, thereby realize the high-acruracy survey that inclination angle and inclination angle change, and utilize this method to prepare high precision photoelectric three-dimensional dip measuring instrument.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of measuring method of high precision photoelectric three-dimensional dip, it is characterized in that, and comprise the following steps:
1) light path system at first is set, this light path system comprises two reflective mirrors, between two reflective mirrors collimator objective and enlarging objective is arranged, and at an end of light path system one laser instrument is arranged, and the other end has the CCD assembly; The light that light emitted goes out, is reflexed on the CCD assembly by second reflective mirror to second reflective mirror by collimator objective, enlarging objective after reflecting through first reflective mirror;
2) with one fall/vertical frontal line or thermometal mark pointer place light path system and vertically draw from primary optical axis, owing to fall/vertical frontal line or thermometal mark pointer can block part light, on the CCD assembly, stay a dark fringe, when dam body deforms, vertical line is moved with respect to drift indicator, by being reflected to after the described optical system on the CCD assembly is exactly moving of dark fringe, the optic angle degree that light emitted can be gone out is converted into the change in displacement of dark fringe, utilize this dark fringe displacement to carry out three-dimensional dip and measure, can measure simultaneously and surface level X-Y, three-dimensional dip with three directions of vertical plane Z.
Other characteristics of said method are that described CCD assembly is ccd video camera or cmos camera.
Described drift indicator is used to measure the angle of inclination beta of realization along X, Y direction
x. β
yMeasure, wherein β
xBe by measure down/the vertical line difference in height of just hanging down is the displacement difference Δ y of 2 of L, by following formula β
x=Δ y/L calculates; β
yBe by measure down/the vertical line difference in height of just hanging down is the displacement difference Δ x of 2 of L, by following formula β
y=Δ x/L calculates.
Described thermometal mark instrument and around angle measuring instrument be used for around vertical direction Z around angle β
zMeasure β
zBe to be the relative displacement Δ r at R place by measuring apart from thermometal mark pipe tubular axis, β
z=Δ r/R calculates.
Adopt the high precision photoelectric three-dimensional dip measuring instrument of method for preparing, it is characterized in that this measuring instrument comprises:
One seal case, the inside of sealing casing is provided with the CCD assembly, and the CCD assembly is installed on the box bottom;
The two ends of seal case are installed with two reflective mirrors with support, are equipped with by collimator objective and enlarging objective two reflective mirror center fixed, and they form the optical alignment amplification system;
Upper end at a reflective mirror is provided with laser stent, is installed with laser array on laser stent;
Also be provided with first support and second support of band pressing plate in the seal case, be respectively applied for fixedly single-chip microcomputer wiring board and circuit switching plate, first support and second support are fixedly mounted on the box bottom;
The CCD assembly is connected by socket with the single-chip microcomputer wiring board, realizes data transmission, and the single-chip microcomputer wiring board links to each other with the circuit switching plate by 485 buses, and the circuit switching plate communicates by CAN bus and host computer;
The two ends, the left and right sides of seal case are installed with end cover respectively, are equipped with O-ring seal between end cover and the seal case;
One end of seal case also is fixed with two aviation sockets, is respectively applied for to patch charactron and CAN bus and power lead; Upper end cover is equipped with on the top of casing, is equipped with O-ring seal between upper end cover and the seal case.
Other characteristics of above-mentioned instrument are that described CCD assembly is ccd video camera or cmos camera.
The mode that described circuit switching plate communicates by CAN bus and host computer is wire communication or wireless telecommunications or remote data transmission and communication.
The equipment of wire communication or wireless telecommunications or remote data transmission and communication is wireless specialized equipment or wireless public network or wired specialized equipment or wired public network.
High precision photoelectric three-dimensional dip measuring instrument of the present invention utilizes (just) vertical vertical line vertically to point to the principle of the earth's core direction, utilizes space structure to amplify or the optics displacement enlargement, thereby has realized the high-acruracy survey that inclination angle and inclination angle change.Measuring accuracy can also adjust by the amplification coefficient of optical system, simple in structure, compact, reliable and stable, cost is low.And can adopt wireless specialized equipment, wireless public network, wired specialized equipment, wired public network to carry out remote data transmission and signal and communication.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. high precision photoelectric three-dimensional dip measuring instrument optical system principle schematic;
Fig. 2. drift indicator data processing and transmission principle synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3. the structural representation of high precision photoelectric three-dimensional dip surveying instrument; Wherein (a) is front view.(b) be the side view of (a);
Fig. 4. basic point introducing device synoptic diagram: symbol is represented among the figure: 41. vertical line coordinates and measurement of dip angle instrument, 42. thermometals mark instrument reaches around the angular measurement instrument 43. high stable supports, 44. base introducing device concrete piers, 45. aluminum pipes, 46. steel pipes.
The present invention is described in further detail according to embodiment that technical scheme of the present invention is finished below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and inventor.
Embodiment
The present invention measures the principle of three-dimensional dip measurement referring to Fig. 1, (just) vertical line that falls is drawn from the vertical the earth's core of O point on the primary optical axis, the light that light emitted goes out is through reflective mirror, behind a reflective border, shine on the CCD assembly again after collimator objective and the amplification system, owing to place (just) vertical line that falls of light path system can block part light, thereby can on the CCD assembly, stay a dark fringe, when dam body generation deformation, vertical line is moved with respect to drift indicator, being reflected on the CCD assembly is exactly moving of dark fringe, be about to the variation that angle is converted into the dark fringe position, utilize this dark fringe displacement to carry out three-dimensional dip and measure, can measure simultaneously and surface level X-Y, three-dimensional dip with three directions of vertical aspect Z.
The measuring method of present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) the basic point utilization of buildings fall (just) hang down and thermometal mark or directly utilize fall (just) in the instrument to hang down, by measuring (just) displacement of differing heights of hanging down, thereby realize angle of inclination beta along X, Y direction
x. β
yMeasure.Utilize thermometal mark instrument realize around vertical direction Z around angle β
zMeasure.This system configuration has that single-chip microcomputer is controlled, data storage, data output and show;
2) the measurement of dip angle principle is, β
xBe to be the displacement difference Δ y of 2 of L, calculate by following formula (1) by measuring down (just) the vertical line difference in height of hanging down; β
yBe to be the displacement difference Δ x of 2 of L, calculate β by following formula (2) by measuring down (just) the vertical line difference in height of hanging down
zBe to be the relative displacement Δ r at R place, calculate by following formula (3) by measuring apart from thermometal mark pipe tubular axis;
β
x＝Δy/L (1)
β
y＝Δx/L (2)
β
z＝Δr/R (3)
3) learn by (1) (2) (3) formula that the measuring accuracy that improves system mainly contains following two kinds of methods.The one, improve the measuring accuracy of dividing subitem; The 2nd, the value of increase denominator.Can increase the surveying instrument volume owing to increase denominator value, so we adopt the measuring accuracy that improves the branch subitem.Improve and divide the measuring accuracy of subitem can select the high device of resolution for use, also can amplify the resolution that improves system, thereby improve the measurement of dip angle precision by optics.
High precision photoelectric drift indicator of the present invention, concrete structure is referring to Fig. 3.
The utilization of this device is fallen (just) vertical line that hangs down and is vertically pointed to the principle of the earth's core direction, utilizes space structure to amplify or the optics displacement enlargement, thereby has realized the high-acruracy survey that inclination angle and inclination angle change.
This instrument comprises: instrument box 8, and this casing 8 is castiron sealing mechanism, and the inside of casing is provided with CCD assembly 1, and the CCD assembly is fixedly mounted on the box bottom by screw 16; Be provided with first support 13 and second support 21 of band pressing plate 14 in the case, be used for fixing single-chip microcomputer wiring board 6 and circuit switching plate 7, pressing plate 14 is fixed on first support 13 and second support 21 by screw 18, and first support 13 and second support 21 are fixedly mounted on the base plate of casing 8 by set screws 17; CCD assembly 1 and single-chip microcomputer wiring board 6 are realized data transmission by socket, and single-chip microcomputer wiring board 6 links to each other with circuit switching plate 7 by 485 buses, and circuit switching plate 7 communicates by CAN bus and host computer; Cabinets cavity is provided with laser stent, by screw retention laser array 5 is installed on the laser stent; Two ends in the case are installed with reflective mirror group 4 with support, and the optical alignment amplification system of being made up of collimator objective 3 and enlarging objective 2 is housed in reflective mirror group 4 center fixed.
The two ends, the left and right sides of casing are screwed end cover 10 are installed, and are equipped with O-ring seal 11 between end cap 10 and the casing 8; Casing 8 right-hand members fixedly are equipped with two circular aviation sockets 22 by screw 19, and the centre is provided with insulating mat 20, and aviation socket 22 is respectively applied for and patches charactron and CAN bus and power lead; Upper end cover 15 is equipped with on the top of casing, is equipped with O-ring seal 12 between upper end cover 15 and the casing 8 and uses screw 9 fixed installations; Casing passes through 10 screw retention on base.
Show and communication interface
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is drift indicator data processing and transmission principle synoptic diagram; Drift indicator of the present invention fully takes into account the practicality and the ease of use of product, the owned single-chip microcomputer of system is controlled, data inputs, output and show, be connected to the circuit switching plate with the RS485 communication interface simultaneously, carry out communication by CAN bus and telecommunication computing machine again, utilize public data network to carry out remote data transmission and communication.
The output signal of CCD assembly is amplified by AD713 and is isolated, and carries out analog to digital conversion by AD7888, and data are sent into single chip computer AT 89C52.Data are carried out inclination angle or the inclination angle changing value that necessary mathematical model calculation process obtains being correlated with by it after entering single-chip microcomputer.
Be to carry out inclination angle and inclination angle variation demonstration at the scene, also can carry out data storage and drive the printer output data with single-chip microcomputer by Liquid Crystal Module TM12864A.
The remote transmission of data is carried out exchanges data by SN75176 interface realization and 485, CAN bus communication with monitoring computer, and monitoring computer and remote computer are realized data transmission by common network (Internet) or dedicated network.
The concrete exemplifying embodiment that adopts instrument of the present invention to measure at the dam three-dimensional dip:
1) high precision photoelectric three-dimensional dip measuring instrument on dam installation and using method referring to Fig. 4; 41. vertical line coordinate and drift indicators wherein, 42. thermometals mark instrument and around the angular measurement instrument, 43. high stable supports, 44. base introducing device concrete piers, 45. aluminum pipes, 46. steel pipes.
The dam basic point is introduced this device, falling (just) the vertical line difference in height of hanging down is that the two positions of L respectively is horizontally installed with one group of high precision photoelectric three-dimensional dip measuring instrument in X, Y two directions, vertical line is vertically drawn from the light path center O point (referring to Fig. 3) of drift indicator, when the deformation of X, Y two horizontal directions takes place in dam body, β
xBe to be the displacement difference Δ y of 2 of L, calculate by following formula (1) by measuring down (just) the vertical line difference in height of hanging down; β
yBe to be the displacement difference Δ x of 2 of L, calculate by following formula (2) by measuring down (just) the vertical line difference in height of hanging down;
β
x＝Δy/L (1)
β
y＝Δx/L (2)
Can measure dam body along displacement x, the Δ y of X-Y two directions and along the angle of inclination beta of X, Y direction
x. β
yMeasure.
Referring to Fig. 4, the x direction of the bimetal tube of forming along steel pipe and aluminum pipe is equipped with thermometal mark pointer and high precision thermometal mark instrument, the two ends, the left and right sides of thermometal mark pointer are connected on the steel pipe and aluminum pipe of bimetal tube, bimetal tube is connected on the basic point, when dam body deforms, can think that the thermometal steel pipe is motionless, the two ends, the left and right sides of thermometal mark pointer are vertically drawn from the light path center O point (referring to Fig. 3) of thermometal mark instrument, when dam body generation sedimentation, promptly along z direction generation deformation, can measure the displacement of dam body along the z direction, bimetal tube is used for compensating because the dam deformation that temperature variation causes; The y direction of principal axis connects a steel pole pointer in thermometal target steel pipe upper edge, be separately installed with high-precision tilt angle measuring instrument in steel pole pointer rear and front end, the rear and front end of pointer is vertically drawn from the light path center O point (referring to Fig. 3) around angle measuring instrument, when distortion around vertical line takes place in dam body, will on angle measuring instrument, relatively rotate, can measure apart from thermometal mark pipe tubular axis like this is the relative displacement Δ r at R place, β
zBe to be the relative displacement Δ r at R place, calculate by following formula (3) by measuring apart from thermometal mark pipe tubular axis;
β
z＝Δr/R (3)
2) inclination angle and can reach 2 around the angular measurement precision ", can satisfy the high-precision tilt angle measurement requirement.
Utilize the present invention simple in structure, reasonable in design, have the measuring accuracy advantages of higher, can be widely used in the safety monitoring of buildingss such as dam, bridge, also can be applicable to the inclination angle monitoring of various commercial production, military affairs and detection range.
Claims (8)
1. the measuring method of a high precision photoelectric three-dimensional dip is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) light path system at first is set, this light path system comprises two reflective mirrors, between two reflective mirrors collimator objective and enlarging objective is arranged, and at an end of light path system one laser instrument is arranged, and the other end has the CCD assembly; The light that light emitted goes out, is reflexed on the CCD assembly by second reflective mirror to second reflective mirror by collimator objective, enlarging objective after reflecting through first reflective mirror;
2) with one fall/vertical frontal line or thermometal mark pointer place light path system and vertically draw from primary optical axis, owing to fall/vertical frontal line or thermometal mark pointer can block part light, on the CCD assembly, stay a dark fringe, when dam body deforms, vertical line is moved with respect to drift indicator, by being reflected to after the described optical system on the CCD assembly is exactly moving of dark fringe, the optic angle degree that light emitted can be gone out is converted into the change in displacement of striped, utilize this dark fringe displacement to carry out three-dimensional dip and measure, can measure simultaneously and surface level X-Y, three-dimensional dip with three directions of vertical plane Z.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described CCD assembly is ccd video camera or cmos camera.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described drift indicator is used to measure the angle of inclination beta of realization along X, Y direction
x. β
yMeasure, wherein β
xBe by measure down/the vertical line difference in height of just hanging down is the displacement difference Δ y of 2 of L, by following formula β
x=Δ y/L calculates; β
yBe by measure down/the vertical line difference in height of just hanging down is the displacement difference Δ x of 2 of L, by following formula β
y=Δ x/L calculates.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described thermometal mark instrument and around angle measuring instrument be used for around vertical direction Z around angle β
zMeasure β
zBe to be the relative displacement Δ r at R place by measuring apart from thermometal mark pipe tubular axis, β
z=Δ r/R calculates.
5. the high precision photoelectric three-dimensional dip measuring instrument of the described method preparation of a claim 1 is characterized in that this instrument comprises:
One seal case (8), the inside of sealing casing are provided with CCD assembly (1), and CCD assembly (1) is installed on the box bottom;
The two ends of seal case (8) are installed with two reflective mirrors (4) with support, are equipped with by collimator objective (3) and enlarging objective (2) in two reflective mirrors (4) center fixed, and they form the optical alignment amplification system;
Upper end at a reflective mirror (4) is provided with laser stent, is installed with laser array (5) on laser stent;
Also be provided with first support (13) and second support (21) of band pressing plate (14) in the seal case (8), be respectively applied for fixedly single-chip microcomputer wiring board (6) and circuit switching plate (7), first support (13) and second support (21) are fixedly mounted on the box bottom;
CCD assembly (1) is connected by socket with single-chip microcomputer wiring board (6) realizes data transmission, and single-chip microcomputer wiring board (6) links to each other with circuit switching plate (7) by 485 buses, and circuit switching plate (7) communicates by CAN bus and host computer;
The two ends, the left and right sides of seal case (8) are installed with end cover (10) respectively, are equipped with O-ring seal between end cover (10) and the seal case (8);
One end of seal case (8) also is fixed with two aviation sockets (22), is respectively applied for to patch charactron and CAN bus and power lead; Upper end cover (15) is equipped with on the top of casing, is equipped with O-ring seal between upper end cover (15) and the seal case (8).，
6. measuring instrument as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described CCD assembly is ccd video camera or cmos camera.
7. measuring instrument as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, the mode that described circuit switching plate (7) communicates by CAN bus and host computer is wire communication or wireless telecommunications or remote data transmission and communication.
8. measuring instrument as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the equipment of described wire communication or wireless telecommunications or remote data transmission and communication is wireless specialized equipment or wireless public network or wired specialized equipment or wired public network.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100734567A CN100395520C (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | High precision photoelectric measuring method and measuring apparatus for three-dimensional dip |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100734567A CN100395520C (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | High precision photoelectric measuring method and measuring apparatus for three-dimensional dip |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1632452A true CN1632452A (en) | 2005-06-29 |
| CN100395520C CN100395520C (en) | 2008-06-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100734567A Expired - Fee Related CN100395520C (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | High precision photoelectric measuring method and measuring apparatus for three-dimensional dip |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1304815C (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-03-14 | 陈昌浩 | Micro-displacement measuring system and based on semiconductor laser-charge coupler |
| CN102410834A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-04-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | Dynamic monitoring system device for tailing dam body by three-dimensional laser scanning |
| CN102798359A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-28 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | Non-contact inclination angle measuring device and method |
| CN102927969A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Detection method of change of micro inclination angle of index mirror in interferometer provided with plane mirror as index mirror |
| CN101501443B (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2013-03-06 | 李锦锡 | Apparatus and method for measuring convergence using fiber Bragg grating sensor |
| CN103434956A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2013-12-11 | 攀枝花学院 | Early-warning device for dumping of tower crane |
| CN103486981A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-01 | 浙江工业大学 | High-precision angle testing device in thermal vacuum environment |
| CN104296724A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-01-21 | 四川金码科技有限公司 | Video goniometer |
| CN108398104A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-08-14 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | The photoelectricity dynamic angle measuring devices and its method of random error can be reduced |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2133176A5 (en) * | 1971-04-09 | 1972-11-24 | Comp Generale Electricite | |
| CN88203897U (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1988-12-14 | 扬文国 | Vertical line instrument |
| JP3673954B2 (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 2005-07-20 | 株式会社トプコン | Tilt sensor and surveying instrument using the same |
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2004
- 2004-12-23 CN CNB2004100734567A patent/CN100395520C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1304815C (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-03-14 | 陈昌浩 | Micro-displacement measuring system and based on semiconductor laser-charge coupler |
| CN101501443B (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2013-03-06 | 李锦锡 | Apparatus and method for measuring convergence using fiber Bragg grating sensor |
| CN102410834A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-04-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | Dynamic monitoring system device for tailing dam body by three-dimensional laser scanning |
| CN102798359A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-28 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | Non-contact inclination angle measuring device and method |
| CN102798359B (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2016-01-20 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | Non-contact inclination angle measuring device and method |
| CN102927969A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Detection method of change of micro inclination angle of index mirror in interferometer provided with plane mirror as index mirror |
| CN103434956A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2013-12-11 | 攀枝花学院 | Early-warning device for dumping of tower crane |
| CN103434956B (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-12-02 | 攀枝花学院 | Prior-warning device toppled over by tower crane |
| CN103486981A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-01 | 浙江工业大学 | High-precision angle testing device in thermal vacuum environment |
| CN103486981B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2016-04-13 | 浙江工业大学 | High-precision angle proving installation under a kind of hot vacuum environment |
| CN104296724A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-01-21 | 四川金码科技有限公司 | Video goniometer |
| CN108398104A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-08-14 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | The photoelectricity dynamic angle measuring devices and its method of random error can be reduced |
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|---|---|
| CN100395520C (en) | 2008-06-18 |
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