CN1625933A - 玉米收获机综合摘穗装置 - Google Patents

玉米收获机综合摘穗装置 Download PDF

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CN1625933A
CN1625933A CN 200310117347 CN200310117347A CN1625933A CN 1625933 A CN1625933 A CN 1625933A CN 200310117347 CN200310117347 CN 200310117347 CN 200310117347 A CN200310117347 A CN 200310117347A CN 1625933 A CN1625933 A CN 1625933A
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backplate
ear
fringe
picking unit
harvesting machine
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CN100336435C (zh
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李凤咏
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Guo Yufu
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Abstract

一种玉米收获机的综合摘摘穗装置,它是在拉径辊前披上一种“马甲式”的摘穗护板,可以保证在摘穗时果穗不被啃伤,并能剥去果穗的部分果皮。护板上装有滚套和滚轴,能使秸秆顺利通过而不折断,避免了堵塞。“马甲式”与护板由多个分体护板组装而成,其总长度及安装部位,可根据要求确定,护板之间、护板与拉径辊之间的间隙可任意调整,所以可适应不同品种、成熟程度不同的玉米的收获,使玉米收获机可在不同季节不同地域(即垮区)作业。

Description

玉米收获机综合摘穗装置
本发明涉及一种玉米收获机综合摘穗装置(下称综合摘穗装置)。目前所有玉米收获机所使用的摘穗装置有两种:一种是“辊式摘穗装置”它是由一对摘穗辊,辊上缠绕凸起的螺纹棱,在这对摘穗辊相对内转时完成拉径(玉米秸秆)和摘穗作业。在摘穗同时可剥去部分果皮而减轻果穗剥皮的难度。但是,由于果穗与辊上的凸起棱接触时容易被啃伤,特别当玉米成熟不足含水量较高时,啃伤现象更为严重;另一种摘穗装置是“板式摘穗装置”它是由一对拉径辊上覆盖一对摘穗板,其拉径辊完成拉径作业,摘穗板完成摘穗作业,摘穗过程中果穗被摘穗板护住不与拉径辊接触,基本无啃伤现象。但由于摘穗板把果穗与拉径辊完全隔离,使果穗的果皮完整而无剥落,增加了果穗剥皮的难度,二块摘穗板对秸秆有切割作用而造成断径,使输送通道堵塞而影响正常作业。
本发明的目的提供一种“玉米收获机综合摘穗装置”。它可以克服传统的“辊式”和“板式”摘穗装置存在的缺点。它在拉径辊前面,果穗摘穗的区段覆盖一对摘穗护板,因为玉米果穗被啃伤的最大可能是摘穗时果穗与辊上的凸起棱接触的一瞬间,当摘穗辊夹住秸秆拉径,果穗被挤而与秸秆分离时,果穗根部迂到辊上凸起棱即被啃伤,果穗与秸秆分离时由于反作用力被弹起而跳动,跳动过程中又有再次被啃伤的可能。跳动后在拨禾爪的推动下伏倒进向输送器,伏倒后即脱离了被啃伤的“风险区”。在“风险区”上面安装摘穗护板,即可避免玉米收获机在收获果穗被啃伤的情况发生。这种只需在“风险区”加装护板而无需全部盖住(如板式摘穗装置)的形式,称为“马甲式”,“马甲式”护板可以使果穗与拉径辊在非“风险区”接触,即可剥去部分果穗的果皮,这样即克服了上述传统的二种摘穗装置的缺点,又综合利用了它们的优点。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:综合摘穗装置由摘穗护板、拉径辊、调整垫片等组成。摘穗护板由导板及分体护板组成,分体护板边缘上装有滚套及滚轴。在摘穗过程中,由于摘穗护板盖住了果穗啃伤“风险区”而避免了被啃伤;玉米秸秆被拉径辊拉径时通过摘穗分体护板,其上的滚套、滚轴可使秸秆顺利通过而不被切断。摘穗护板由分体护板组成的长度及在拉径辊上面安装的部位,由玉米的品种及成熟程度等因素确定,并可随意调整,两摘穗护板之间的间隙、摘穗护板与拉径辊之间的间隙都可以调整。这样即可以使玉米收获机适应于不同品种的玉米,不同的季节和不同的地域进行收获。摘穗护板可以做成平面形、弧形或其它形状以适应不同型式布置拉径辊的前割台。
图1、综合摘穗装置工作原理图
图2、玉米果穗与秸秆分离示意图
图3、摘穗护板组装结构图
图4、摘穗护板与拉径辊安装结构图
下面结合附图对综合摘穗装置结构作详细叙述:
由图1,综合摘穗装置由摘穗护板(1)、(2),调整垫片(3),支撑板(4),摘穗辊(5)(6),摘穗辊上的螺纹棱(7)组成,摘穗护板(2)由左上导板(8),左分体护板(9),左下导板(10),摘穗护板(1)由右上导板(11)、右分体护板(12)右下导板(13)等组成;由图2,分体护板(12)(9)上装有滚套(16)、滚轴(17);由图4,所有导板及组成护板上都加工了长形槽(18)。
由图1、3玉米穗(14)及秸秆(15)的上部进入拉径辊及摘穗板上方,图12中的“F”为啃伤“风险区”,由图1可知,玉米穗在与秸秆分离后经过的啃伤“风险区”被摘穗护板保护而避免了被啃伤(图1中“F”)。由图3,玉米秸秆被拉径辊拉向地面时与组成护板上的滚套(16)接触,滚套在滚轴(17)上滚动使秸秆顺利通过,不至切断。由图4,摘穗护板(1)和(2)之间的间隙是保证玉米不会掉落至拉径滚上而被啃伤且能让秸秆顺利通过的距离,h1靠护板上的长槽(18)和紧固螺丁来调整;h2是保证拉径辊不至被杂草缠住的间隙h2是靠调整垫片(3)来调整。
与现代技术相比玉米收获机综合摘穗装置具有以下优点:
1、克服了传统摘穗装置的缺点,集中了其优点,保证了玉米收获机优质作业。
2、可以对不同品种成熟的不同程度玉米进进行收获,扩大了玉米的收获区域,加速了玉米收获机械化的推广进程。
3、结构简单,工作可靠,成本低。

Claims (5)

1、一种玉米收获机综合摘穗装置,由摘穗护板(1)(2),调整垫片(3)等组成。摘穗护板(1)(2)由导板(8)(10)(11)(13)及分体护板(9)(12)组装而成,分体护板上装有滚套(16)及滚轴(17)。
2、根据权利要求1所述,玉米收获机综合摘穗装置其特征在于,所有导板(8)(10)(11)(13)及分体护板(9)(12)上加工有槽形孔(18),下面垫有调整垫片(3)可以调整护板之间、护板与拉径辊之间的间隙。
3、根据权利要求1所述,玉米收获机综合摘穗装置其特征在于,摘穗护板(1)(2)由导板(8)(10)(11)(13)及分体护板(9)(12)组装而成。可以组装成不同长度并可安装在不同的部位。
4、根据权利要求1所述,玉米收获机综合摘穗装置其特征在于,摘穗护板(9)(12)上装有滚套(16)、滚轴(17),可以避免切断秸秆。
5、根据权利要求1所述,玉米收获机综合摘穗装置其特征在于摘穗护板做成平面形成弧形或其它形状,可以与不同布置的摘穗辊配装。
CNB2003101173476A 2003-12-11 2003-12-11 玉米收获机综合摘穗装置 Expired - Fee Related CN100336435C (zh)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101695237A (zh) * 2009-10-19 2010-04-21 天津毕晟智能科技开发有限公司 三辊玉米摘穗及秸秆粉碎装置
CN104137703A (zh) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-12 迪尔公司 剥离器板偏压力调节机构
CN107333521A (zh) * 2017-08-21 2017-11-10 吉林大学 一种摆动板式玉米摘穗装置
CN107711059A (zh) * 2017-12-02 2018-02-23 吉林大学 双层变间隙柔性仿形玉米摘穗剥皮装置
CN109310051A (zh) * 2016-05-17 2019-02-05 凯斯纽荷兰(中国)管理有限公司 用于收割机行单元的多区段甲板自动调节机构

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA968960A (en) * 1972-03-20 1975-06-10 White Motor Corporation Of Canada Limited Corn header with automatic adjustment of stalk rolls
US5911673A (en) * 1996-12-13 1999-06-15 Case Corporation Narrow row corn head with angled gatherers
DE19914321A1 (de) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-05 Claas Saulgau Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Pflücken von Fruchtständen
DE29909358U1 (de) * 1999-05-28 2000-10-05 Wiegert Ludger Pflückvorsatz für Geräte zum Ernten von Körnerfrüchten
CN2484727Y (zh) * 2001-06-11 2002-04-10 彰武县农业机械厂 一种玉米收获机

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101695237A (zh) * 2009-10-19 2010-04-21 天津毕晟智能科技开发有限公司 三辊玉米摘穗及秸秆粉碎装置
CN101695237B (zh) * 2009-10-19 2013-09-18 天津毕晟智能科技开发有限公司 三辊玉米摘穗及秸秆粉碎装置
CN104137703A (zh) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-12 迪尔公司 剥离器板偏压力调节机构
CN109310051A (zh) * 2016-05-17 2019-02-05 凯斯纽荷兰(中国)管理有限公司 用于收割机行单元的多区段甲板自动调节机构
CN109310051B (zh) * 2016-05-17 2022-04-05 凯斯纽荷兰(中国)管理有限公司 用于收割机行单元的多区段甲板自动调节机构
CN107333521A (zh) * 2017-08-21 2017-11-10 吉林大学 一种摆动板式玉米摘穗装置
CN107711059A (zh) * 2017-12-02 2018-02-23 吉林大学 双层变间隙柔性仿形玉米摘穗剥皮装置
CN107711059B (zh) * 2017-12-02 2023-11-28 吉林大学 双层变间隙柔性仿形玉米摘穗剥皮装置

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