CN100336435C - 玉米收获机综合摘穗装置 - Google Patents

玉米收获机综合摘穗装置 Download PDF

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CN100336435C
CN100336435C CNB2003101173476A CN200310117347A CN100336435C CN 100336435 C CN100336435 C CN 100336435C CN B2003101173476 A CNB2003101173476 A CN B2003101173476A CN 200310117347 A CN200310117347 A CN 200310117347A CN 100336435 C CN100336435 C CN 100336435C
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CN1625933A (zh
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李凤咏
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Guo Yufu
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种玉米收获机综合摘穗装置，包括拉径辊，以及安装在拉径辊上的摘穗护板；所述摘穗护板由导板及分体护板组成，所述分体护板上装有滚套及滚轴。本发明具有结构简单、工作可靠，成本低的优点，可以针对不同品种的玉米、不同的季节和不同的地域进行收获，加速了玉米收获机械化的推广进程。

Description

玉米收获机综合摘穗装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种玉米收获机的综合摘穗装置，特别是涉及一种综合摘穗装置。
背景技术
目前所有玉米收获机所使用的摘穗装置有两种：一种是“辊式摘穗装置”，它是由一对摘穗辊、辊上缠绕凸起的螺纹棱，在这对摘穗辊相对内转时完成拉径(玉米秸秆)和摘穗作业。在摘穗同时可剥去部分果皮而减轻果穗剥皮的难度。但是，由于果穗与辊上的凸起棱接触时容易被啃伤，特别是玉米成熟不足含水量较高时，啃伤现象更为严重；另一种摘穗装置是“板式摘穗装置”，它是由一对拉径辊上覆盖一对摘穗板，其拉径辊完成拉径作业，摘穗板完成摘穗作业，摘穗过程中果穗被摘穗板护住不与拉径辊接触，基本无啃伤现象。但由于摘穗板把果穗与拉径辊完全隔离，使果穗的果皮完整而无剥落，增加了果穗剥皮的难度，两块摘穗板状秸秆有切割作用而造成断径，使输送通道堵塞而影响正常作业。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种玉米收获机综合摘穗装置。它可以克服传统的“辊式”或“板式”摘穗装置存在的缺点。
本发明所述的玉米收获机综合摘穗装置，包括摘穗护板、拉径辊、调整垫片，摘穗护板由导板及分体护板组装而成，分体护板边缘上装有滚套及滚轴。摘穗护板由导板及分体护板组成的长度，以及在拉径棍上面安装的部位，可根据玉米的品种及成熟程度等因素确定，并可随意调整，两摘穗板之间的间隙、摘穗护板与拉径辊之间的间隙都可以调整。这样即可以玉米收获机适用于不同品种的玉米、不同的季节和不同的地域进行收获。
所述摘穗护板可以做成平面形、弧形，或其他形状，以适应不同形式布置拉径辊的前割台。
与现有技术相比，本发明所述的玉米收获机综合摘穗装置具有结构简单、工作可靠，成本低的优点，可以针对不同品种的玉米、不同的季节和不同的地域进行收获，加速了玉米收获机械化的推广进程。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的玉米收获机综合摘穗装置工作原理图；
图2为玉米果穗与秸秆分离的示意图；
图3为摘穗护板组装结构图；
图4为摘穗护板与拉径辊安装结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明所述玉米收获机综合摘穗装置进行详细地说明。
本发明的基本原理是在拉径辊前面，果穗摘穗的区段覆盖一对摘穗护板，因为玉米果穗被啃伤的最大可能是摘穗时果穗与辊上的凸起棱接触的一瞬间，当摘穗辊夹住秸秆拉径，果穗被挤而与秸秆分离时，果穗根部迂到辊上凸起棱即被啃伤，果穗与秸秆分离时由于反作用力被弹起而跳动，跳动过程中又有再次被啃伤的可能。跳动后在拨禾爪的推动下伏倒进向输送器，伏倒后即脱离了被啃伤的“风险区”。故在“风险区”上面安装摘穗护板，即可避免玉米收获机在收获果穗被啃伤的情况发生。这种只需在“风险区”加装护板而无需全部盖住(如板式摘穗装置)的形式，称为“马甲式”。“马甲式”护板可以使果穗与拉径辊在非“风险区”接触，即可剥去部分果穗的果皮，这样既克服了上述传统的两种摘穗装置的缺点，又综合利用了他们的优点。
由图1可见，本发明所述的综合摘穗装置包括摘穗护板1、2，调整垫片3、支撑板4、摘穗辊5、6，摘穗辊上的螺纹棱7等零部件。摘穗护板2由左上导板8、左分体护板9及左下导板10组成；摘穗护板1由右上导板11、右分体护板12及右下导板13组成；图3中可见，分体护板9、12上装有滚套16、滚轴17；图4中可见，所有导板及组成护板上都加工了长形槽18，其下面垫有调整垫片，以调整护板之间、护板与拉径辊之间的间隙。
结合图1和图2，玉米穗14及秸秆15的上部进入拉径辊及摘穗板上方，“F”为啃伤“风险区”，由图1可知，玉米穗在与秸秆分离后经过的啃伤“风险区”被摘穗护板保护而避免了被啃伤(图1中的“F”)。
由图3可知，玉米秸秆被拉径辊拉向地面时与组成护板上的滚套16接触，滚套在滚轴17上滚动使秸秆顺利通过，不至切断。
由图4可知，摘穗护板1和2之间的间隙h1是保证玉米不会掉落至拉径辊上而被啃伤且能让秸秆顺利通过的距离，h1靠护板上的长形槽18和紧固螺钉来调整；h2是保证拉径辊不致被杂草缠住的间隙，h2是靠调整垫片3来调整的。

Claims (4)

1、一种玉米收获机综合摘穗装置，包括拉径辊，以及安装在拉径辊上的摘穗护板；其特征在于，所述摘穗护板由导板及分体护板组成，所述分体护板上装有滚套及滚轴。
2、如权利要求1所述的玉米收获机综合摘穗装置，其特征在于，所述复数个导板及分体护板上都加工有长形槽，其下面垫有调整垫片，以调整护板之间、护板与拉径辊之间的间隙。
3、如权利要求1所述的玉米收获机综合摘穗装置，其特征在于，所述导板及分体护板组成的长度，以及在拉径棍上面安装的部位，可根据玉米的品种及成熟程度等因素确定、调整。
4、如权利要求1所述的玉米收获机综合摘穗装置，其特征在于，所述摘穗护板可以做成平面形或者弧形。
CNB2003101173476A 2003-12-11 2003-12-11 玉米收获机综合摘穗装置 Expired - Fee Related CN100336435C (zh)

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CN101695237B (zh) * 2009-10-19 2013-09-18 天津毕晟智能科技开发有限公司 三辊玉米摘穗及秸秆粉碎装置
US9179602B2 (en) * 2013-05-07 2015-11-10 Deere & Company Stripper plate bias force adjustment mechanism
US10039228B2 (en) * 2016-05-17 2018-08-07 Cnh Industrial America Llc Multi-segmented deck plate auto adjustment mechanism for a harvester row unit
CN107333521B (zh) * 2017-08-21 2022-05-24 吉林大学 一种摆动板式玉米摘穗装置
CN107711059B (zh) * 2017-12-02 2023-11-28 吉林大学 双层变间隙柔性仿形玉米摘穗剥皮装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3858384A (en) * 1972-03-20 1975-01-07 White Motor Canada Corn header with automatic adjustment of stalk rolls
US5911673A (en) * 1996-12-13 1999-06-15 Case Corporation Narrow row corn head with angled gatherers
EP1040746A1 (de) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-04 Claas Saulgau Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Pflücken von Fruchtständen
DE29909358U1 (de) * 1999-05-28 2000-10-05 Wiegert Ludger Pflückvorsatz für Geräte zum Ernten von Körnerfrüchten
CN2484727Y (zh) * 2001-06-11 2002-04-10 彰武县农业机械厂 一种玉米收获机

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3858384A (en) * 1972-03-20 1975-01-07 White Motor Canada Corn header with automatic adjustment of stalk rolls
US5911673A (en) * 1996-12-13 1999-06-15 Case Corporation Narrow row corn head with angled gatherers
EP1040746A1 (de) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-04 Claas Saulgau Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Pflücken von Fruchtständen
DE29909358U1 (de) * 1999-05-28 2000-10-05 Wiegert Ludger Pflückvorsatz für Geräte zum Ernten von Körnerfrüchten
CN2484727Y (zh) * 2001-06-11 2002-04-10 彰武县农业机械厂 一种玉米收获机

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