CN1623065A - 存储罐废气的催化燃烧 - Google Patents

存储罐废气的催化燃烧 Download PDF

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CN1623065A
CN1623065A CNA028283422A CN02828342A CN1623065A CN 1623065 A CN1623065 A CN 1623065A CN A028283422 A CNA028283422 A CN A028283422A CN 02828342 A CN02828342 A CN 02828342A CN 1623065 A CN1623065 A CN 1623065A
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I·赫尔曼
M·施坦克
M·施塔迪
N·克内廷
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Abstract

用于存储可燃气体的设备包括压力存储容器(2)、与存储容器连通的减压阀(8)，用于当其中的压力太高时从容器排放气体，以及与减压阀(8)连通的催化反应器(10)，以催化燃烧排出所述减压阀的气体，从而减小这样的气体进入环境中的量。

Description

存储罐废气的催化燃烧
技术领域
本发明涉及压力容器中的可燃气体的存储，更具体的，涉及防止在容器中形成过度压力，同时防止可燃气体释放到环境中。
背景技术
在合适的压力容器中在压力下存储诸如氢气、甲烷等之类的可燃气体是已知的。在一些情况下，气体在适度高压下以气相存储。在其它情况下，气体可以在更高的压力和更低的温度下以液相存储。
压力容器具有最大可允许的压力容限，且容器内的气体压力必须被保持在该压力以下，以确保容器的完整性。容器内的压力随着从外部传到容器内的热量而变化。虽然可以使用热绝缘来最小化这样的传热，但是一些热传到容器中，引起其中的压力上升是不可避免的。对于固定的应用，容器可以由特别的材料制成(例如，金属或者纤维强化塑料)，以适应压力上升，以及另外提供特别的容器强度，而没有任何重大损失。然而，对于移动的应用(例如，加油车辆)，该特别的材料不合需要地占据更多的空间，且给车辆增加了更多的重量。如果可以控制容器内的压力，使得将其保持在重量较轻的容器的最大压力容限以下，那么更小的、重量更轻的容器可以用于移动的应用。
发明内容
本发明(1)通过排放容器来将其中的压力保持在容器的最大压力容限以下来控制压力容器内的可燃气体的压力，同时(2)防止不需要的可燃气体释放逸出到环境中。更具体的，本发明考虑用于存储可燃气体的设备，其包括(i)用于包含压力下的气体的压力容器，该容器具有最大可允许的压力容限，(ii)与容器连通的减压阀，用于在到达容器的压力容限以前排放气体，以及(iii)与减压阀连通的催化反应器，用于催化燃烧排出减压阀的可燃气体与空气，以便防止可燃气体释放到环境中。催化反应器最好包括至少一个催化扩散燃烧器，以及围绕该燃烧器的壳体，其中，(a)该催化燃烧器包括多微孔主体、在主体表面上的燃烧催化剂，以及用于允许气体进入到多微孔主体的第一入口，以扩散通过多微孔主体和在催化剂上与空气反应，以及(b)该壳体具有用于允许空气进入到燃烧器的第二入口和用于将燃烧气体排放到环境的出口。更优选的，多微孔主体包括具有多微孔壁的管子，且该入口将可燃气体供给到管子的中心，以径向扩散通过多孔壁。多微孔管子围绕带孔的气体分配管，其沿着多微孔管子的长度大致均匀地分配气体。最优选的，该设备包括一个催化燃烧器下游的第二个催化燃烧器，以接收来自一个燃烧器的排放气体，且催化燃烧可能包含其中的任何未燃烧的可燃气体。根据最优选的实施例，该设备还包括在催化燃烧器下游的点火器，以点火通过所述燃烧器的任何未燃烧的可燃气体，以在起动时加热燃烧器和点火催化剂，以及另外点燃剩余在来自燃烧器的燃烧气体中的任何剩余的可燃气体。
当根据本发明的优选实施例的下面的详细描述来考虑时，可以更好地理解本发明，该优选实施例的详细描述将在下文中结合附图来给出，其中：
附图说明
图1是用于以气相或者液相存储可燃气体的压力容器的侧面正视图；
图2是图1的部分截面的放大部分；
图3是根据本发明的优选催化反应器的分解的立体图；以及
图4是在图3的4-4方向上截取的图3的催化反应器的侧面截面图。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出了具有保护圆顶4的压力容器2，该保护圆顶4覆盖(i)用于用可燃气体/液体填充容器的填充阀6，以及(ii)减压阀8，当容器内的压力超过阀8的减压设置时，减压阀8用于排放容器2。催化反应器10位于远离容器2，以催化反应经由减压阀8排出容器2的任何废气。减压阀8可以是设置为在低于容器2的最大压力容限的压力下打开的多种传统(例如，弹簧偏压的)阀中的任何一种。当容器2中的压力超过减压阀8的压力设置时，阀8打开，且从容器2排放气体，以维持其中的压力处于阀8的设置压力或者以下。通过阀8排放的气体通过管子12被引导到催化反应器10，而不是直接排放到环境，其中，该排放的气体在催化反应器10中与空气反应，以形成H2O(在H2的情况下)，或者在甲烷的情况下为H2O+CO2，以及其它可燃气态碳氢化合物。
图3示出了根据本发明的催化反应器10的优选实施例的分解立体图。图3描绘了壳体，其包括基部部分14和盖子部分16，它们连接在一起，以容纳催化燃烧器18。催化燃烧器18包括一个或者多个管状燃烧器元件20，该管状燃烧器元件经由歧管22接收来自减压阀8的可燃气体，该歧管通过接头24连接到燃烧器元件20。气体通过带孔的气体分配管26进入管状燃烧器元件22，该带孔的气体分配管沿着管状燃烧器元件20的长度大致相等地分配气体。燃烧器元件20容纳在壳体的一个(例如，下部)腔28中，且通过采用催化筛网32形式的第二燃烧器来与盖子部分16中的第二个腔30(如图4所示)分离。第二燃烧器32用于接收从管状燃烧器排出的气体，且在其中使任何未反应的可燃气体与空气反应，以去除这样的排放气体的任何剩余的可燃气体。空气经由基部部分14的壁36中的穿孔34，且通过壳体的基部部分14和盖子部分26之间的多孔填充物38来允许进入到壳体。
点火器(例如，火花塞)40伸入腔30，以点燃未反应地通过燃烧器20和32的任何可燃气体。当燃烧器是冷的，即，在催化剂的点燃温度以下时，点火器40在催化燃烧过程的开始是特别有用的。当催化剂低于它们的点燃温度时，可燃气体未反应地通过燃烧器，且由点火器40点火，并燃烧为火焰。由气体的这样的火焰燃烧产生的热将燃烧器加热到到达催化剂的点燃温度且开始气体的催化燃烧的温度点。然后可以解除点火器的激励，或者可以继续发火花来点燃任何避开催化燃烧器的催化燃烧的剩余的可燃气体。
图4示出了催化反应器10，其壳体盖子部分14套入壳体基部部分16内，且通过多孔填充物材料38固定到壳体基部部分16，一些空气通过该多孔填充物材料38允许进入到一个腔28中。进一步显示的，限定一个腔28的壁36包括多个穿孔34，空气通过这些穿孔允许进入一个腔28。管状燃烧器20包括其中具有多个穿孔42的气体分配管26。可燃气体进入气体分配管26，且沿着多孔管44的长度通过穿孔42离开，合适的催化剂沉积在多孔管44上。用于燃烧氢气或者甲烷的合适的催化剂包括贵金属(例如，Pt或者Pd)，H2的点燃温度为近似-30℃，甲烷的点燃温度为更接近700℃。多微孔管44本身可以包括对于催化剂支持材料领域的普通技术人员所熟知的多微孔(例如，烧结的)金属或者陶瓷材料。第二个燃烧器包括本领域中的普通技术人员所熟知的细微网孔的催化筛网32，且将一个腔28与其它腔30分离，并在气流方向上位于管状燃烧器20的下游。足够的空气通过填充物38和穿孔34进入一个腔28，以支持在多孔管状燃烧器20上和细微筛网燃烧器32上的催化燃烧。在壳体盖子部分16中的穿孔46允许燃烧气体(即，主要是H2O和CO2)排放到环境中。
虽然主要根据本发明的某个特殊的实施例来描述本发明，但是不是意在限制到该实施例，而是只限制到在后面的权利要求书中阐明的程度。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于存储可燃气体的设备，其包括适于包含压力下的所述气体的压力容器，所述容器具有最大可允许的压力容限，与所述容器连通的减压阀，用于在到达所述压力容限以前将所述气体排放到大气，以及与所述减压阀连通的催化反应器，用于催化燃烧排出所述减压阀的可燃气体与空气，从而防止所述气体排放到环境中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述催化反应器包括至少一个催化燃烧器，以及围绕所述燃烧器的壳体，(a)所述催化燃烧器包括多微孔主体、在所述主体表面上的燃烧催化剂，以及用于允许所述气体进入到所述多微孔主体的第一入口，以通过所述主体和在所述催化剂上与空气反应，以及(b)所述壳体具有用于允许空气进入到所述燃烧器的第二入口和用于将燃烧气体排放到环境的出口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，包括所述一个催化燃烧器下游的第二个催化燃烧器，以接收来自所述一个燃烧器的排放气体，且催化燃烧可能包含在所述排放气体中的任何未燃烧的所述可燃气体。
4.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，包括在所述一个催化燃烧器下游的点火器，以点燃初始通过所述一个燃烧器的未燃烧的所述气体，以加热所述燃烧器和点燃所述催化剂。
5.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，包括在所述第二个催化燃烧器下游的点火器，以点燃初始通过所述第二个燃烧器的未燃烧的所述气体，以加热所述燃烧器和点燃所述催化剂。
6.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述多微孔主体包括具有多孔壁的管子，且所述第一入口将所述气体供给到所述管子的中心，以径向通过所述多孔壁。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一入口包括沿着所述管子的纵向中心延伸的气体分配管，以在所述多孔壁上大致均匀地分配所述可燃气体。
CNA028283422A 2002-02-26 2002-12-10 存储罐废气的催化燃烧 Pending CN1623065A (zh)

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