CN1616480A

CN1616480A - Method for producing dioscin by directly extracting saponin without pollution

Info

Publication number: CN1616480A
Application number: CN 200410060777
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王元华; 郭敏霞
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-08-28
Filing date: 2004-08-28
Publication date: 2005-05-18
Anticipated expiration: 2024-08-28
Also published as: CN1325510C

Abstract

The technological process of extracting saponin to produce dioscin includes the following steps: pre-treating yam material through washing, crushing, milling to form yam slurry of concentration 5-12 % and granularity 40-150 mesh; separating lighter saponin from fiber and starch in multistage cyclone to obtain saponin slurry; filtering to eliminate 70-80 % of the water to obtain concentrated saponin slurry; and conventional treatment of concentrated saponin slurry through acid hydrolysis, extraction, concentration and crystallization to obtain the product. The present invention has simple technological process, low production cost, no environmental pollution, and high product yield and quality.

Description

Pollution-free direct extraction saponin is produced the method for diosgenin

Technical field

The invention belongs to vegetable chemistry engineering field, relate in particular to the method that a kind of pollution-free direct extraction saponin is produced diosgenin.

Background technology

Diosgenin is the basic raw material of multiple steroid drugss such as synthetic anti-inflammatory hormone, progestogen, sexual hormoue.Glucocorticosteroid particularly has anti-inflammatory, antianaphylaxis, antishock, antitoxin and anticancer effect, is the indispensable main medicine of pharmaceutically widespread use.

At present, the diosgenin that China produces accounts for world's total amount 50%, mainly is to propose from Rhizome of Peltate Yam.The Rhizome of Peltate Yam vegetable fibre accounts for 35-40%, starch accounts for 45-50%, water-soluble substances accounts for 10%, saponin content only accounts for 1-2.5%, and be difficult to separation and Extraction, common process is at high temperature with Rhizome of Peltate Yam, high pressure, be hydrolyzed under the high acid environment, one ton of saponin of every production needs 150 tons of cadmium yellow ginger, 20 tons of consumption hydrochloric acid, produce high-concentration waste water more than 500 tons, its COD is up to 30000mg/L (BOD8000mg/L), pH value 1.0-2.5, thereby traditional technology production cost height, labour intensity is big, and quality product is difficult to control, and especially environmental pollution is serious, it is huge to handle waste water consumption matter, has influenced the development of China's Chinese yam industry.The kinds of processes reform this occurred, concluded to get up to be divided into hydrolysis pre-treatment and hydrolyzation post-processing technique.Hydrolyzation post-processing technique need be handled a large amount of waste water, is generally acknowledged unpromising.The hydrolysis pre-treating technology that has now occurred is: after isolating fiber and starch at first respectively, carry out acid hydrolysis again; But the proterties behind the yellow ginger defibrination, need the saponin in the most fiber of a large amount of washings during decision screening fiber, need water doubly with 20-30, though water can be recycled, but being difficult to dehydration concentrates, not only strengthen the isolating treatment capacity of starch, and the therefrom isolated saponins slurry that contains the 1-2% solids in a large number also is difficult to dehydration and concentrates, production cost and labour intensity are big.In addition, also having a kind of technology is to sieve fiber earlier, and the ultrafiltration and concentration starch slurry is used the alcohol extraction saponin more then; In this technology, because not separation of starch, thereby the ultrafiltration difficulty, extraction cost height is difficult to promote.

Summary of the invention

To produce a large amount of waste water in order solving in the existing method of utilizing Chinese yam to produce saponin, to be difficult to the shortcoming concentrated, that production cost is high of dewatering, utilize resources synthetically, reduce production costs when production environment is innoxious, the present invention proposes the method that pollution-free direct extraction saponin is produced diosgenin.

Theoretical foundation of the present invention is: starch, saponin are present in the parenchyma cell, and by fiber, xylogen embedding, when yellow ginger is ground to certain fineness, cell walls destroys, xylogen, fiber, starch, saponin dissociate out, saponin proportion minimum wherein, the available physical method is at first separated saponin.

For this reason, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: pollution-free direct extraction saponin is produced the method for diosgenin, is realized by following processing step:

(1), raw materials pretreatment: clean Chinese yam with clear water, use crusher in crushing, pulping is ground with grinding machine in broken back, makes the particle of Chinese yam slurry reach the 40-150 order, and concentration is 5-12%;

(2), extract saponins slurry: with multistage swirler group, the saponin that proportion is lighter separates with fiber, starch, obtains saponins slurry;

(3), dehydration concentrates: with filter or artificial filter dehydration, remove the water of about 70%-80%, must concentrate saponins slurry;

(4), concentrate the processing of saponins slurry to finished product: processing method routinely obtains finished product through acid hydrolysis, extraction, concentrated, crystallization at least.

Beneficial effect: processing step of the present invention is simple, has avoided the step of screening fiber, has saved a large amount of water; In the process of extracting saponins slurry, utilize directly that proportion is the lighter saponin of swirler group from the Chinese yam slurry, to extract, utilize the characteristic of swirler to obtain the saponins slurry of suitable concn, enter then and concentrate and, the fiber of from the swirler group, separating and the starch mixed pulp can make alcohol or drying is made feed to the step of finished product.Compare with existing method, processing step is more simple and clear, produces the drawback of a large amount of waste water when having avoided the screening fiber, has reduced the discharging of waste water, and saponins slurry is concentrated easily, has shortened the process time, reduces production costs, and has improved product yield and quality; Produce 100 tons of saponin traditional technology year, produce 50,000 tons of waste water, and waste water reduces to 10% only 5000 tons among the present invention, and the recycling alcohol of doing, basic environmentally safe.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is technological process of production figure of the present invention.

Embodiment

According to process flow sheet shown in Figure 1, it is as follows to describe the present invention in detail:

(1), raw materials pretreatment: comprising cleaning, pulverize defibrination, specifically is to clean Chinese yam with clear water, uses crusher in crushing, and pulping is ground with grinding machine in broken back, makes the particle of Chinese yam slurry reach the 40-150 order, and concentration is 5-12%; Grinding machine adopts double plate mill or taper thread grinding;

(2), extract saponins slurry: adopting cyclonic separation, specifically is that the saponin that proportion is lighter separates with fiber, starch, obtains saponins slurry with multistage swirler group, and fiber and starch mixed pulp are utilized and made alcohol or feed;

(4), concentrated saponins slurry is divided into 3 kinds of approach again to the processing of finished product as shown in Figure 1, following description respectively:

The 1st kind of approach: will concentrate saponins slurry and directly carry out acid hydrolysis, then through extraction, concentrate, crystallization obtains finished product.

The 2nd kind of approach: will concentrate saponins slurry under 25-45 ℃ condition, spontaneous fermentation is about 48 hours; Then through acid hydrolysis, extraction, concentrate, crystallization obtains finished product.

The 3rd kind of approach: will concentrate saponins slurry with any extraction of organic solvent methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, amylalcohol or propyl alcohol of 75-90% 15-25 minute, and filter then, and use above-mentioned solvent extraction more once, last fractionation by distillation goes out saponin, and the recovery solvent; Then through acid hydrolysis, extraction, concentrate, crystallization obtains finished product.

3 kinds of approach in (4) step in the above-mentioned processing step have different effects respectively: the 1st kind of approach has the most succinct characteristics, but it is more to produce waste water during acid hydrolysis.Acid hydrolysis again after the 2nd kind of approach adopts and ferment, less with acid, waste water is still more.Acid hydrolysis again behind the 3rd kind of approach employing organic solvent extraction not only reduces during acid hydrolysis with acid amount and waste water, and has reduced subsequent step and extracted the cost of saponin, good product quality.

Processing step of the present invention is physics, chemical reaction process, and technology is short and sweet, is not increasing under the environmental protection facility condition, reaches free of contamination substantially production diosgenin, and suitable for mass production is easy to promote.

Characteristics of the present invention are: avoided the step of screening fiber, directly adopted rotational flow separation with saponin and fiber, starch Separate, save a large amount of water, avoided the generation of a large amount of waste water, dehydration concentrates the labour intensity in the production process easily Little, production cost is low.

Claims

1, the method for CR production diosgenin is characterized in that being realized by following processing step:

2, the method for CR production diosgenin according to claim 1, it is characterized in that concentrating in the described step (4) processing of saponins slurry to finished product, specifically: will concentrate saponins slurry with any extraction of organic solvent methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, amylalcohol or propyl alcohol of 75-90% 15-25 minute, filter then, use above-mentioned solvent extraction more once, distill sub-argument at last and go out saponin, and reclaim solvent; Then through acid hydrolysis, extraction, concentrate, crystallization obtains finished product.

3, the method for CR production diosgenin according to claim 1 is characterized in that concentrating the processing of saponins slurry to finished product in the described step (4), and specifically: will concentrate saponins slurry under 25-45 ℃ condition, spontaneous fermentation is about 48 hours; Then through acid hydrolysis, extraction, concentrate, crystallization obtains finished product.