CN1613838A - Apparatus and process for producing acetylene by low-temperature plasmochemical pyrolysis of natural gas - Google Patents
Apparatus and process for producing acetylene by low-temperature plasmochemical pyrolysis of natural gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN1613838A CN1613838A CN 200310105039 CN200310105039A CN1613838A CN 1613838 A CN1613838 A CN 1613838A CN 200310105039 CN200310105039 CN 200310105039 CN 200310105039 A CN200310105039 A CN 200310105039A CN 1613838 A CN1613838 A CN 1613838A
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 119
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 hydrogen alkane Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
A low-temperature plasma chemical reactor for producing ethyne by cracking natural gas and its process are disclosed. The reactor consists of microwave plasma torch and DC plasma exciting mechanism. The external conductor of the microwave plasma torch is of hollow structure, of which outlet forms a nozzle, the DC plasma exciting mechanism consists of external conductor, conductive pipe corresponding to the external conductor nozzle, the cavity of the conductive pipe as reacting chamber , the external conductor as cathode, the conductive pipe as anode, with the conductive pipe connected with DC electric source by choking structure. The process is carried out by: microwave plasma entering into DC plasma exciting mechanism; 2) microwave plasma forming normal DC plasma under the action of the DC electric source, and natural gas cracking to obtain ethyne. It achieves long life and high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plasma chemical field, be specially a kind of low temperature plasma chemical reactor and technology that natural gas pyrolysis directly transforms system acetylene that is fit to be applied to.
Background technology
Acetylene is organic chemical industry's basic material, and traditional method is to adopt the calcium carbide hydrolysis to prepare acetylene.Because calcium carbide route exists serious environmental to pollute, industry member in the preparation method who explores acetylene, develops the operational path of ethene as the organic chemical industry on the one hand on the other hand at present.
Sweet natural gas is the very abundant a kind of energy of nature reserves.In recent years because how the minimizing day by day of petroleum resources and the instability of oil market are that the Chemicals of high added value are the research topics that academia and branch of industry extremely are concerned about efficiently with conversion of natural gas.The Sweet natural gas great majority are to be distributed in remote districts, and the transportation cost height is so usually people wish the high-carbon hydrocarbon product that carries out on the spot conversion of natural gas being become to be convenient to transport.The main component of Sweet natural gas is a methane, because methane has the chemical stability of height, adopts conventional catalysis technique to be difficult to realize the efficient trans-utilization of methane.
Plasma body is with a wide range of applications at surface modification, Metal smelting, the plasma chemistry of material aspects such as processing synthetic, poisonous waste owing to having very high specific energy density, containing a large amount of high-octane electronics, ion and neutral particle.The experimental results shows: plasma body has very strong activation capacity, can provide appropriate condition for the activation of methane, the direct conversion; Plasma body has very high energy density in addition, thereby can handle a large amount of reactants at very short time, very little reaction zone, thereby dwindles reaction unit, economy system investment significantly.
The application of plasma body in conversion of natural gas is divided into high-temperature electric arc plasma torch, negative pressure low-temperature plasma, three kinds of modes of atmospheric low-temperature plasma.
The high-temperature electric arc plasma torch just is applied to Sweet natural gas system acetylene (this method is called HULS technology again) as far back as the thirties in last century.Arc process and calcium carbide route are production chemical product raw material---the main method of acetylene always before the sixties in last century.Electrode takes place seriously to ablate (having only anode life about 100 hours) because working temperature height, the electrode spot on the electrode of conventional electric arc cause, plasma process reactor is difficult to control, the production energy consumption height (reaching 12.5 kilowatt-hours/kilogram acetylene) of acetylene.
In recent years, use the direct conversion that atmospheric low-temperature plasmas such as mercerising discharge, slip circle discharge, dielectric barrier discharge carry out Sweet natural gas and obtain extensive studies.Though low-temperature plasma can be controlled reaction process preferably, the stability of equipment is than high temperature direct current camber, and the transformation efficiency of Sweet natural gas is lower, and the once through yield of acetylene is less than 40%.The life-span that the energy consumption that how to improve the transformation efficiency of conventional low-temperature plasma or reduce conventional arc plasma improves electrode remains needs the technical barrier that solves.
Summary of the invention
The low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas device and the technology that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of long lifetime, energy-efficient.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas device, be composited by microwave plasma torch and direct-current plasma excitation mechanism, the outer conductor of microwave plasma torch is a hollow structure, the hollow space outlet side forms spout, the direct-current plasma excitation mechanism is made of outer conductor, the conduction pipe corresponding with the outer conductor spout, and the tube chamber of conduction pipe is a reaction chamber, and wherein outer conductor is a negative electrode, the conduction pipe is an anode, and the conduction pipe is connected with direct supply by choking structure.
Water jacket is equipped with in the described conduction pipe outside, between conduction pipe and the water jacket thermofin is housed, shell is equipped with in the water jacket outside, choking structure is made of coaxial capacitance and capacity plate antenna, coaxial capacitance is made of the cooling water inlet pipe of water jacket, the body that is sheathed on the cooling water inlet pipe outside, capacity plate antenna is by the body lower flange, constitute with the coaxial capacitor board that is connected of cooling water inlet pipe outer wall, and direct supply one end is connected with the shell that links to each other with the body upper flange, and its other end links to each other with capacitor board.
First insulation layer is housed between described shell and the water jacket, between capacitor board and the body lower flange second insulation layer is housed, first insulation covering is housed between body lower flange and the cooling water inlet pipe, the 3rd insulation layer is housed between body and the cooling water inlet pipe.
The inner wire outside of described microwave plasma torch is equiped with the saturating ripple medium of high temperature, the saturating ripple medium of high temperature is provided with the tangential passage that gas enters, adopt dielectric to separate between the place, gas inlet of direct-current plasma excitation mechanism, outer conductor and the conduction pipe, dielectric is provided with the tangential passage that gas enters.
The reacting product outlet of described direct-current plasma excitation mechanism is connected to the reaction product cooling room, establishes water-cooling-sprayer in the reaction product cooling room.
Described reacting product outlet end face is equipped with second insulation covering.
A kind of low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas technology, concrete steps are as follows:
1) utilizes said apparatus, adopt microwave plasma torch that the part plasma reaction gas is carried out pre-pre-ionization, produce plasma body, spout by outer conductor enters the direct-current plasma excitation mechanism, the reactant gases that enters microwave plasma torch is the mixed gas of hydrogen or hydrogen and Sweet natural gas, and the volume ratio of hydrogen and Sweet natural gas is 1～3: 1;
2) reactant gases that enters the direct-current plasma excitation mechanism from the gas inlet is the mixed gas of hydrogen and Sweet natural gas, the volume ratio of hydrogen and Sweet natural gas is 1～3: 1, the working gas flow of microwave plasma torch and the working gas throughput ratio of direct-current plasma excitation mechanism are 1: 0.01～2, reactant gases by dielectric up and down the tangential passage on two end faces tangentially inject to the reaction chamber that the conduction tubular becomes, microwave plasma torch and direct-current plasma excitation mechanism power ratio are 1: 1～100, cause under the effect that reaches at extraneous direct supply at microwave plasma, form conventional direct-current plasma, Sweet natural gas is carried out cracking, form reaction product acetylene;
3) reaction product being cooled off the back fast by water spray discharges.
The volume ratio of described hydrogen and Sweet natural gas is preferably 1.4: 1; The working gas flow of normal pressure microwave plasma torch and the working gas throughput ratio of conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism be preferably 1: 0.03～and 0.3; Step 2) leads in that to conduct electricity the diameter ratio of tangential channel diameter and conduction pipe of pipe be 1: 1～6, be preferably 1: 3.6～4.7; Described conduction round tube inner wall material adopts high temperature resistant electro-conductive material graphite or silicon carbide.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, apparatus of the present invention are composited by normal pressure microwave plasma torch and conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism, the outer conductor of normal pressure microwave plasma torch is a hollow structure, the hollow space outlet side forms spout, conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism is by outer conductor, the conduction pipe corresponding with the outer conductor spout constitutes, outer conductor is as an electrode (negative electrode) of conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism, the normal pressure microwave plasma torch can be used as the initiation structure on the one hand, for conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism provides plasma body, the one pole arc that the plasma body that utilizes microwave plasma torch to produce on the other hand forms on the negative electrode of conventional direct-current plasma, make the one cathode spot of conventional arc plasma resolve into several little electrode spots, thereby make conventional arc plasma column be decomposed into many tiny plasma filament, plasma filament is slided on anode surface with the promotion of gas.Because the electrode spot disperse of plasma body is on the whole surface of electrode, make electrode erosion pattern of the present invention become large-area even ablation on electrode surface by the partial points Investigation of Ablation Mode of the arc plasma electrode of routine, thereby ablate in the part of reducing plasma electrode, prolong the life-span of electrode significantly, improve the stability of plasma chemical reaction unit work.
2, utilize anode construction and by gas flow, composition, hydrogen and adjustment of Sweet natural gas ratio and the isoparametric coupling of plasma chemical reaction cavity diameter, plasma body is worked under the pattern of high-voltage, low current, owing to reduce the working current of plasma body, reduced the generation of the Jiao Erre of total system, can reduce the thermosteresis in the electric energy transmission course, further reduce the ablation velocity of electrode, thereby improve the work-ing life of electrode and the energy efficiency of whole device.The anode of plasma system adopts bilayer structure, internal layer is the reaction cavity of plasma body, adopt the high-temperature resistant thermal insulating material insulation between internal layer and the outer water jacket, further reduce the loss of device ionic medium physical efficiency, the thermo-efficiency of plasma chemical reactor is improved.Utilize this device and technology to carry out the preparation characteristic of low energy consumption that natural gas pyrolysis system acetylene has plant capacity efficient height, life-span length, acetylene.
3, because the initiation of microwave plasma under the effect of extraneous direct supply, forms conventional discharge plasma, replenish enough energy for reaction system, the reaction that makes natural gas pyrolysis prepare acetylene is carried out.The conduction pipe is connected with conventional direct supply by choking structure, choking structure is made of coaxial capacitance and capacity plate antenna, coaxial capacitance is made of the cooling water inlet pipe of water jacket, the body that is sheathed on the cooling water inlet pipe outside, capacity plate antenna is by the body lower flange, constitute with the coaxial capacitor board that is connected of cooling water inlet pipe outer wall, conventional direct supply one end is connected with the shell that links to each other with the body upper flange, its the other end links to each other with capacitor board, play the effect of isolating microwave, prevent microwave and external interference.
4, because the arc root of the plasma body of this device is evenly distributed on the surface of electrode, make that the energy distribution of plasma reaction chamber on cross section is even, help the per pass conversion of plasma chemical reaction and optionally raising.
5, conduction pipe of the present invention adopts materials such as graphite or silicon carbide, and it is high temperature resistant, conduct electricity.
6, adopt dielectric (heatproof insulating material aluminum oxide, boron nitride or quartz) to separate between the place, gas inlet of conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism of the present invention, outer conductor and the conduction pipe, reactant gases by dielectric up and down the tangential passage on two end faces tangentially inject to the reaction chamber that the conduction tubular becomes, its structure, technology are reasonable, can improve thermo-efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representation.
Fig. 2 is conventional direct current choking structure synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the inlet of the gas cyclone on a dielectric intention among Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the gas cyclone inlet intention on the saturating ripple medium among Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Apparatus of the present invention structural representation as shown in Figure 1, be composited by normal pressure microwave plasma torch and conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism, normal pressure microwave plasma torch of the present invention can adopt Chinese patent, and (patent No. is 02281293.8, name is called the HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES plasma torch) described plasma torch, be provided with inner wire 1 and outer conductor 21 in the microwave coaxial resonator cavity 2 of normal pressure microwave plasma torch, outer conductor 21 is a hollow structure, the hollow space outlet side forms spout, conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism is by outer conductor 21, the conduction pipe 19 corresponding with outer conductor 21 spouts constitutes, the tube chamber of conduction pipe 19 is a reaction chamber, wherein outer conductor 21 is the negative electrode of conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism, conduction pipe 19 is an anode, its inner-wall material adopts high temperature resistant electro-conductive material graphite or silicon carbide, conduction pipe 19 is connected with conventional direct supply by choking structure, water jacket 13 is equipped with in conduction pipe 19 outsides, between conduction pipe 19 and the water jacket 13 thermofin of being made up of high temperature resistant insulating ceramic 7 is housed, shell 6 is equipped with in water jacket 13 outsides, the reacting product outlet of conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism is connected to reaction product cooling room 27, establish water-cooling-sprayer 9 in the reaction product cooling room 27, the reacting product outlet end face is equipped with second insulation covering 12, water coolant enters cooling room 27 by cooling water inlet 8, reaction product is cooled off the back fast by shower nozzle 9 water sprays and is discharged, can article on plasma body running situation observe from viewing window 10, discharge by reacting product outlet 11 through overcooled reactant gases.
Choking structure synoptic diagram as shown in Figure 2, choking structure is made of coaxial capacitance and capacity plate antenna, coaxial capacitance is by the cooling water inlet pipe 16 of water jacket 13, the body 17 that is sheathed on cooling water inlet pipe 16 outsides constitutes, capacity plate antenna is by body lower flange 25, constitute with the coaxial capacitor board that is connected 15 of cooling water inlet pipe 16 outer walls, by set nut 24 that capacitor board 15 and body lower flange 25 is fastening, the effect of choking structure is to prevent that microwave from revealing to conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism with microwave plasma, and further by 16 pairs of conventional direct supplys 14 of cooling water inlet pipe and surrounding space radiation, conventional direct supply 14 1 ends are connected with the shell 6 that links to each other with body upper flange 26, its the other end links to each other with capacitor board 25, first insulation layer 18 is housed between shell 6 and the water jacket 13, prevent to conduct electricity and form plasma body between pipe 19 and the shell 6, second insulation layer 29 is housed between capacitor board 15 and the body lower flange 25, first insulation covering 30 is housed between body lower flange 25 and the cooling water inlet pipe 16, the 3rd insulation layer 28 is housed between body 17 and the cooling water inlet pipe 16, and water coolant is discharged by cooling water outlet tube 5.
The inlet of the gas cyclone on the dielectric is intended among Fig. 1 as shown in Figure 3, adopt dielectric 20 (heatproof insulating material aluminum oxide, boron nitride or quartz) to separate between 4 places, gas inlet of conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism, outer conductor 21 and the conduction pipe 19, dielectric 20 is provided with the tangential passage 3 that gas enters, and reactant gases tangentially rotates into plasm reaction cavity.
The gas cyclone inlet on the saturating ripple medium is intended among Fig. 1 as shown in Figure 4, inner wire 1 outside of normal pressure microwave plasma torch is equiped with the saturating ripple medium 23 of high temperature, the saturating ripple medium 23 of high temperature (stupalith) is isolated from the outside reaction cavity, and the saturating ripple medium 23 of high temperature is provided with the tangential passage 22 that gas enters.
Utilize this device to carry out plasma pyrolysis system acetylene, concrete steps are as follows:
1) utilizes said apparatus, adopt the normal pressure microwave plasma torch that the part plasma reaction gas is carried out pre-pre-ionization, utilize the gas mixture of hydrogen or hydrogen and Sweet natural gas to produce plasma body in microwave plasma torch, it is the mixed gas of hydrogen or hydrogen and Sweet natural gas that the spout of microwave plasma by outer conductor enters the reactant gases that conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism enters the normal pressure microwave plasma torch;
2) 4 reactant gasess that enter conventional direct-current plasma excitation mechanism are the mixed gas of hydrogen and Sweet natural gas from the gas inlet, reactant gases by dielectric up and down the tangential passage on two end faces tangentially inject to the reaction chamber that the conduction tubular becomes, owing to the initiation of microwave plasma with under the effect of extraneous direct supply, form conventional direct-current plasma, for reaction system is replenished enough energy, the reaction that makes natural gas pyrolysis prepare acetylene is carried out, by adjusting internal diameter and the ratio of Sweet natural gas and hydrogen and the total flux of gas of conduction pipe, change the operating voltage and the electric current of conventional plasma body, make plasma body at high-voltage, work under the pattern of low current, thereby improve the energy efficiency of plasma body, further reduce the ablation velocity of electrode.
The influence of embodiment 1 reaction cavity size article on plasma body running voltage and power-efficient
Under the constant situation of arc current, along with the increase of reaction chamber diameter, the plasma body operating voltage all is significantly improved, meanwhile power-efficient since the raising of operating voltage also increase.When hydrogen flowing quantity is 200L/min, methane flow is 400L/min, and when arc current maintained 40A, the reaction chamber diameter was increased to 20mm from 10mm, and the plasma body operating voltage can be brought up to 1700V from 1050V, and simultaneously, power-efficient also brings up to 85% from 75%.
Embodiment 2 plasma body working gass composition and gas flow are to the influence of voltage, power-efficient
Along with the increase of methane ratio in the plasma working gas or the increase of total gas flow rate, arc voltage all has tangible rising.To diameter is the reaction chamber of 15mm, microwave plasma working gas hydrogen flowing quantity is 200L/min, microwave power 12kW, conventional plasma body working gas total flux 400L/min, if methane flow is brought up to 400L/min from 0L/min in the conventional plasma body working gas, when arc current was 30A, voltage was elevated to 1700V from 850V, when arc current was 50A, voltage was elevated to 1400V from 650V.
Same is the reaction chamber of 15mm to diameter, with hydrogen is the plasma working gas, it is constant that the microwave plasma gas flow is kept 200L/min, the flow of conventional plasma body working gas increases to 400L/min from 100L/min, when arc current is 30A, voltage is brought up to 850V from 240V, and when arc current was 50A, voltage was brought up to 650V from 150V.
The influence of embodiment 3 microwave power counter electrode ablation velocities
Under the constant situation of other working condition, the compound use of microwave plasma and conventional plasma body can obviously reduce the anodic ablation velocity, and it is more even that anodic is ablated, thereby further improves anodic work-ing life.The ratio of microwave power and conventional power is 1: 10 o'clock, and the anode ablation velocity can drop to 3.7g/hr from 5.8g/hr.
The influence of embodiment 4 hydrogen and Sweet natural gas comparison acetylene energy consumption, methane selectively, yield
In the reaction of preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas with plasma, hydrogen is not only the plasma working gas, and it also has tangible influence to reaction result simultaneously.Wherein along with the increase of hydrogen ratio, reaction has the obvious suppression effect to carbon deposit for it, thereby improves reaction preference.Too high in addition hydrogen ratio will reduce temperature of reaction under the prerequisite of certain power capacity, thereby will reduce reaction conversion ratio, increase energy consumption.It is as shown in table 1 that the hydrogen alkane that carries out on 16mm diameter reaction chamber influences rule than variation to experimental result.
Table 1 hydrogen alkane is than the rule that influences that changes reaction result
| Hydrogen alkane ratio | Specific power (L-CH 4/kW) | Power (kW) | Transformation efficiency (%) | Selectivity (%) | Yield (%) | Energy consumption (kW-hr/kg) |
| ??1.18 | ????4.5 | ????70 | ??85.7 | ??65.81 | ??56.38 | ????11.09 |
| ??1.28 | ????4.5 | ????70 | ??66.7 | ??82.57 | ??55.07 | ????11.35 |
| ??1.86 | ????4.5 | ????70 | ??66.1 | ??86.65 | ??57.26 | ????11.94 |
Embodiment 5 operating voltage are to the influence of methane conversion, acetylene yield, energy consumption
Under the constant condition of other situation, the raising of operating voltage can effectively improve reaction preference.Use the reaction chamber of diameter as 15mm, no microwave power, conventional power 70kW, methane flow 280L/min, hydrogen alkane ratio is 2, and operating voltage is brought up to 1650V from 1250V, and reaction conversion ratio can maintain 63.5%, selectivity brings up to 62.4% from 57.8%, and per kilogram acetylene energy consumption is reduced to 11.5kW-hr/kg from 12.42kW-hr/kg.
Embodiment 6 anode dimensions are to the influence of conversion of natural gas rate, acetylene yield, energy consumption
Anode dimension mainly shows as the influence of diameter to the influence of reaction result, and experimental result is presented under the constant situation of other condition, and diameter is that the reaction result of 15mm reaction chamber will obviously be better than less than 12mm or greater than the reaction result (table 2) of 18mm reaction chamber.
Table 2 reaction chamber vary in diameter is to the influence of reaction result
| Reaction chamber diameter (mm) | H 2Flow (L/min) | ??CH 4Flow (L/min) | Power (kW) | Transformation efficiency (%) | Selectivity (%) | Yield (%) | Energy consumption (kW-hr/kg) |
| ????10 | ??320 | ????160 | ??46 | ??65.2 | ??87.52 | ??57.1 | ????14.47 |
| ????15 | ??320 | ????160 | ??46 | ??78.86 | ??88.04 | ??69.4 | ????11.89 |
| ????20 | ??320 | ????160 | ??46 | ??74.51 | ??67.28 | ??50.1 | ????16.47 |
Embodiment 7 power are to the influence of methane conversion, acetylene yield, energy consumption
The reaction chamber diameter is 16mm, methane flow 350L/min, hydrogen alkane ratio equals 1.17, quit work after the microwave plasma striking, conventional power changes to 72kW from 64kW, and along with the increase of power, methane conversion and acetylene yield all rise to some extent, rise to 65.3% and 53.6 from 58.4% and 46% respectively, the acetylene energy consumption also drops to 11.03kW-hr/kg from 11.43kW-hr/kg accordingly.
Embodiment 8 adopts the influence of anode thermal insulation layer to methane conversion, acetylene yield, acetylene energy consumption
Anodic thermo-efficiency is one of important factor that influences the acetylene energy consumption, is exactly that reaction chamber is carried out good insulation measure and improve the most direct method of anode thermo-efficiency.Experiment showed, pure hydrogen plasma, is 600L/min at hydrogen flowing quantity, and power 48kW when working under the condition of reaction chamber diameter 15mm, adopts the insulation of lagging material antianode, and anode thermo-efficiency is brought up to more than 90% from 66%.And, use the reaction chamber of 16mm diameter for plasma pyrolysis methane system acetylene, and hydrogen flowing quantity 450L/min, methane flow 300L/min under the situation of power 70kW, adopts heat preservation technology that anode thermo-efficiency is brought up to more than 95% from 85%.
Because the employing of heat preservation technology has obviously improved anode thermo-efficiency, therefore the energy consumption of unit output acetylene is minimized.In specific power is 4.8L-CH
4During/kW, insulation can make methane conversion bring up to 65.28% from 55.06%, and unit acetylene energy consumption is reduced to 11.1kW-hr/kg from 12.18kW-hr/kg.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas device, it is characterized in that being composited by microwave plasma torch and direct-current plasma excitation mechanism, the outer conductor of microwave plasma torch (21) is a hollow structure, the hollow space outlet side forms spout, the direct-current plasma excitation mechanism is made of outer conductor (21), the conduction pipe (19) corresponding with outer conductor (21) spout, the tube chamber of conduction pipe (19) is a reaction chamber, and conduction pipe (19) is connected with direct supply by choking structure.
2, according to the described low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas of claim 1 device, it is characterized in that outside the described conduction pipe (19) water jacket (13) being housed, between conduction pipe (19) and the water jacket (13) thermofin (7) is housed, shell (6) is equipped with in water jacket (13) outside, choking structure is made of coaxial capacitance and capacity plate antenna, coaxial capacitance is by the cooling water inlet pipe (16) of water jacket (13), the body (17) that is sheathed on cooling water inlet pipe (16) outside constitutes, capacity plate antenna is by body lower flange (25), constitute with cooling water inlet pipe (16) the coaxial capacitor board that is connected of outer wall (15), direct supply (14) one ends are connected with the shell (6) that links to each other with body upper flange (26), and its other end links to each other with capacitor board (25).
3, according to the described low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas of claim 2 device, it is characterized in that between described shell (6) and the water jacket (13) first insulation layer (18) being housed, between capacitor board (15) and the body lower flange (25) second insulation layer (29) is housed, between body lower flange (25) and the cooling water inlet pipe (16) first insulation covering (30) is housed, between body (17) and the cooling water inlet pipe (16) the 3rd insulation layer (28) is housed.
4, according to the described low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas of claim 1 device, inner wire (1) outside that it is characterized in that described microwave plasma torch is equiped with the saturating ripple medium of high temperature (23), the saturating ripple medium of high temperature (23) is provided with the tangential passage (22) that gas enters, adopt dielectric (20) to separate between place, gas inlet, outer conductor (21) and the conduction pipe (19) of direct-current plasma excitation mechanism, dielectric (20) is provided with the tangential passage (3) that gas enters.
5, according to the described low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas of claim 1 device, the reacting product outlet that it is characterized in that described direct-current plasma excitation mechanism is connected to reaction product cooling room (27), establishes water-cooling-sprayer (9) in the reaction product cooling room (27).
6,, it is characterized in that described reacting product outlet end face is equipped with second insulation covering (12) according to the described low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas of claim 5 device.
7, a kind of low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas technology is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
1) utilizes the described device of one of claim 1～6, adopt microwave plasma torch that the part plasma reaction gas is carried out pre-pre-ionization, produce plasma body, spout by outer conductor enters the direct-current plasma excitation mechanism, the reactant gases that enters microwave plasma torch is the mixed gas of hydrogen or hydrogen and Sweet natural gas, and the volume ratio of hydrogen and Sweet natural gas is 1～3: 1;
2) reactant gases that enters the direct-current plasma excitation mechanism from the gas inlet is the mixed gas of hydrogen and Sweet natural gas, the volume ratio of hydrogen and Sweet natural gas is 1～3: 1, the working gas flow of microwave plasma torch and the working gas throughput ratio of direct-current plasma excitation mechanism are 1: 0.01～2, reactant gases by dielectric up and down the tangential passage on two end faces tangentially inject to the reaction chamber that the conduction tubular becomes, microwave plasma torch and direct-current plasma excitation mechanism power ratio are 1: 1～100, cause under the effect that reaches at extraneous direct supply at microwave plasma, form conventional direct-current plasma, Sweet natural gas is carried out cracking, form reaction product acetylene;
3) reaction product being cooled off the back fast by water spray discharges.
8,, it is characterized in that the working gas flow of microwave plasma torch and the working gas throughput ratio of direct-current plasma excitation mechanism are 1: 0.03～0.3 according to the described low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas of claim 7 technology.
9, according to the described low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas of claim 7 technology, it is characterized in that step 2) in lead to that conduct electricity the tangential channel diameter of pipe leading to of conduction pipe be 1: 1～6 with conducting electricity the diameter ratio of pipe.
10,, it is characterized in that described conduction round tube inner wall material adopts high temperature resistant electro-conductive material graphite or silicon carbide according to the described low-temperature plasma preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas of claim 7 technology.
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| CN 200310105039 CN1239445C (en) | 2003-11-07 | 2003-11-07 | Apparatus and process for producing acetylene by low-temperature plasmochemical pyrolysis of natural gas |
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| CN 200310105039 CN1239445C (en) | 2003-11-07 | 2003-11-07 | Apparatus and process for producing acetylene by low-temperature plasmochemical pyrolysis of natural gas |
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| CN1613838A true CN1613838A (en) | 2005-05-11 |
| CN1239445C CN1239445C (en) | 2006-02-01 |
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| CN101734993A (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2010-06-16 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Plasma high temperature carbon conversion reaction coal powder filling pipe |
| CN101998747B (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2012-05-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Low-temperature plasma device |
| CN103100365A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-15 | 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 | Plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor system with hollow cathode or double hollow cathodes |
| CN103596350A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-19 | 四川大学 | Cathode structure of novel laminar plasma generator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101734993A (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2010-06-16 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Plasma high temperature carbon conversion reaction coal powder filling pipe |
| CN101734993B (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2013-11-13 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Plasma high temperature carbon conversion reaction coal powder filling pipe |
| CN101998747B (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2012-05-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Low-temperature plasma device |
| CN103100365A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-15 | 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 | Plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor system with hollow cathode or double hollow cathodes |
| CN103100365B (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2015-05-13 | 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 | Plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor system with hollow cathode or double hollow cathodes |
| CN103596350A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-19 | 四川大学 | Cathode structure of novel laminar plasma generator |
| CN107087339A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-08-22 | 李容毅 | A kind of enhanced microwave plasma torch generating means of two-chamber excitation |
| CN112867702A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2021-05-28 | 转化材料有限公司 | System and method for treating gas |
| CN110127599A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-16 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所有限公司 | Device for microwave plasma cracking hydrogen production |
| CN110127599B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2022-09-02 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所有限公司 | Device for producing hydrogen by microwave plasma cracking |
| CN115557466A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-01-03 | 杭州慕皓新能源技术有限公司 | Device for producing hydrogen through cracking |
| CN115646126A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-01-31 | 杭州慕皓新能源技术有限公司 | Microwave device for cracking and converting gas |
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