CN1613834A - Emulsified and expanded explosive and its production - Google Patents
Emulsified and expanded explosive and its production Download PDFInfo
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- CN1613834A CN1613834A CN 200410046945 CN200410046945A CN1613834A CN 1613834 A CN1613834 A CN 1613834A CN 200410046945 CN200410046945 CN 200410046945 CN 200410046945 A CN200410046945 A CN 200410046945A CN 1613834 A CN1613834 A CN 1613834A
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Abstract
A powdery emulsion expanding explosive and its production are disclosed. It consists of oxidant 84-92wt%, water 3-12wt%, combustible agent 4-10wt%, emulsifier 0.5-1.5wt%. It is carried out by: 1) mixing dissolving oxidant and water at 100-130deg.C to obtain aqueous phase material; 2) mixing dissolving combustible agent and emulsifier into oil phase material at 90-110deg.C; 3) mixing aqueous phase material with oil phase material, and low-speed emulsifying at 0.5-2m/s; 4) atomizing by pressure nozzle, vacuum drying to obtain powder, or pumping into vacuum pot with baffle plate for swelling, delivering into wheel roller for grinding, or sucking into conveyer belt by vacuum box , swelling, breaking by roller, scraping into bunker by scraper, discharging, and delivering into continuous ball mill for grinding by conveyer. It achieves low cost and consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of powdery swollen explosive of breast and manufacture method thereof, especially relate to a kind of non-TNT powder swollen explosive of breast and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Powder ammonium nitrate explosive is the bigger industrial explosive kind of present usage quantity, mainly contains an-tnt explosive and ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture two big classes.Generally speaking, ammonium ladder class explosive contains high explosive sensitizing agent tritonal, and its blast performance is better than ammonium oils explosive, but tritonal is toxic ingredient, and is harmful, and the cost height.Ammonium oils explosive cost is low, and production technique is simple, but blast performance is poor, and easily oil impregnate is rotten, and storge quality is poor.Above-mentioned both all easy moisture absorption cakings, water repelling property is poor, and because explosion velocity is low, can not satisfy the requirement of the broken engineering of the big ore deposit rock burst of hardness.
The powdery an-tnt-oil explosive has been promoted in research and development since China's the eighties, tritonal is reduced to 3-7%, blast performance is near No. 2 rock powdery an-tnt explosive levels, improved the anti-caking ability of powder ammonium nitrate explosive to a certain extent, reduce the pollution of tritonal dust in the production process, but fundamentally do not overcome the shortcoming of prior art.In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned technology, Changsha Mining ﹠ Metallurgy Inst has proposed " powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity ", it adopts emulsifying manner to prepare the oil-in-water emulsion of ammonium nitrate saturated aqueous solution and mineral oil, mineral oil is dispersed in the ammonium nitrate solution, in wheel roller milk sap is mixed with additive and wood powder etc. then, drying forms ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture.This explosive advantage is not contain tritonal, improved the blast performance of ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture, but still have following problem: (1) oil-in-water emulsion is in wheel roller in the combination drying process, ammonium nitrate begins crystallization, and mix with additives such as oil phase material and wood powders, this process still belongs to mechanically mixing, can only improve the coating situation of the oil film of prior art at ammonium nitrate surface to a certain extent, can not thoroughly solve the anti-caking problem of protection against the tide of explosive and obviously improve the water resisting property ability; Because the developmental process of crystal grain can not get effective control, its dispersing uniformity is still relatively poor, and it directly influences the blast performance of ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture; (2) water content reaches 3%-10% when preparation ammonium nitrate saturated solution, and the water content of the finished product requires less than 0.3%, and water evaporates will expend a large amount of heat energy, so technological design is unreasonable, and its production cycle is long.
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned all technology, over year, around non-TNT powder explosive and continuous production processes thereof, new variety such as bulking ammonium nitrate explosive, modification ammoniumnitrate explosives, powdery emulsifying explosive have appearred in succession surplus in the of ten.These new variety all are theoretical basis with the Surface Physical Chemistry, by: (1) reduces the particle fineness; (2) improve the ammonium nitrate surface properties; (3) improve contact uniformity coefficient between the ammonium nitrate combustible agent, and then improve the detonation degree that reacts completely, improve capacity usage ratio, improve explosion properties, storge quality and use properties.
Chinese invention patent application CN1067043A discloses a kind of bulking ammonium nitrate explosive.It is by vacuum drying technique and tensio-active agent to ammonium nitrate sensitization make the film pre-treatment, again with combustible agent, wood powder, or (with) a kind of industrial explosive of flame-cooling agent mixing gained.The key of this explosive is ammonium nitrate sensitization pre-treatment, be so-called ammonium nitrate " expanded ", expanded result, the one, sensitization, promptly facilitate a large amount of hole, hole, the cracks of the inner formation of ammonium nitrate granule, cause ammonium nitrate granule shape disproportionation and particle surface roughening simultaneously, thereby improve the blast performance of ammonium nitrate; The 2nd, make film, both in " hydrophobic film " structure of the particle surface manufacturing function of ammonium nitrate, improve the chemico-physical properties on ammonium nitrate granule surface, to obtain the effect of " oil suction hydrophobic " preferably, strengthen the not anti-caking of product and the stability in storage of explosive, but this technology is because the product granularity that makes of this kind technology is bigger, and oxygenant, combustible agent mixture homogeneity are not high, thereby can not replace an-tnt explosive fully.
The WT modification ammoniumnitrate explosives of Changsha Mining ﹠ Metallurgy Inst's exploitation adopts the method for mechanical force secondary breaking to improve fineness.For preventing that the ammonium nitrate behind the primary fragmentation from reassociating, before the secondary breaking, ammonium nitrate carries out pre-treatment through tensio-active agent, and is similar to bulking ammonium nitrate explosive.But the product granularity after above-mentioned processing is still bigger than normal, so its blast performance is still not good enough.
Chinese patent CN1027637C discloses a kind of powdery emulsifying explosive and manufacture method thereof, this technology has not only kept the advantage of high degree of dispersion ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture, and it is little to have kept the emulsion explosive particle, the preferable advantage of contact uniformity coefficient of ammonium nitrate, combustible agent, thereby blast performance obviously improves, and the product explosive reaction is complete, shows explosive initiation, propagation of explosion is good, the more high good characteristic of blast performance index, and anti-water storge quality is good.But this technology adopts emulsify at a high speed to mix, so explosive is dense thick dry and hard, must adopt air-flowing type to spray into the manufacture method of powder.Dried bean noodles is dry because the employing air-flowing type is sprayed into, and equipment is huge, and energy consumption is very high, the installed capacity height, thereby cause production cost higher.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned all prior arts, provide a kind of blast performance suitable with existing powdery emulsifying explosive, production cost is low, and production energy consumption obviously reduces, non-TNT powder swollen explosive of breast and manufacture method thereof that production security is good.
The present invention's the swollen explosive of non-TNT powder breast is made by following raw material: oxygenant, water, combustible agent, emulsifying agent; Oxygenant can be ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride or Repone K; Combustible agent can be compound wax etc.; Emulsifying agent can be a span 80 etc.; The weight percent proportioning of each component is: oxygenant 84-92, water 3-12, combustible agent 4-10, emulsifying agent 0.5-1.5 (preferred proportioning is: oxygenant 88-90, water 4-6, combustible agent 6-8, emulsifying agent 0.6-0.8).
The manufacture method of the present invention's the swollen explosive of non-TNT powder breast may further comprise the steps: (1) becomes water-phase material with oxygenant (ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride or Repone K etc.), water mixed dissolution under 100-130 ℃ of condition; (2) compound wax is become oil phase material with emulsifying agent consolute under 90-110 ℃ of condition; (3) water-phase material, oil phase material are mixed, under the condition of 0.5-2m/s, carry out low speed emulsification, form thin water-in-oil type emulsion, emulsifying temperature 95-130 ℃; (4) three kinds of methods are arranged, first kind is that the thin Water in Oil emulsion that (3) step made is atomized through pressure nozzle, and vacuum-drying becomes powder, directly makes the swollen explosive product of non-TNT powder breast; Its pressure nozzle aperture is preferably 1-3mm, and working pressure is preferably 0.5-5MPa, and temperature of charge is preferably 120-140 ℃ before the atomizing, and the vacuum-drying absolute pressure is preferably 0.003-0.03MPa; Second kind is that the thin water-in-oil type emulsion that (3) step made is pumped in the vacuum tank that has dividing plate, and expanded back scrapes with scraper plate, it is sent in the wheel roller mill again, promptly makes the non-TNT powder explosive product, and this method is a discontinuous; The vacuum-drying absolute pressure is generally 0.003-0.03MPa, and the wheel roller stone roller heavily is generally 200-500kg; The third is (3) the thin water-in-oil type emulsion that makes of step to be pumped into or sucked by vacuum chamber to place the travelling belt in the vacuum chamber to carry out expanded, expanded after scrape in the material bin by scraper plate after one to two group of pressure roller coarse crushing, hopper adopts dual hopper one to open a mode of closing and realizes continuous discharging, discharging is after travelling belt is sent in the continuous ball mill grinds, grind discharging and promptly make the swollen explosive product of non-TNT powder breast, this method is a continous way; The thick 2-30cm that is generally of stone, the expanded time is generally 5-20min (preferred expanded time 8-12min), and the vacuum-drying absolute pressure is generally 0.003-0.03MPa.
Improve the blast performance of the swollen explosive of powdery breast, oxygenant must fully contact with combustible agent; Improve the water resisting property and the storge quality of powder ammonium nitrate explosive, ammonium nitrate surface in easily moisture absorption must have the material of one deck hydrophobic nature to exist, in the latex system of water-in-oil-type, water-phase material can be dispersed into a large amount of small dropletss and be coated by the oil phase material of external phase, and fully contacts with oil phase material.The present invention has used emulsifying technology, make the water of forming oxygenant and the oil phase of forming combustible agent form the thin emulsoid of uniform water-in-oil-type (liquid), because this water-in-oil-type emulsoid is very thin, help press spray and become powder and vacuum puffed. owing to adopt vacuum-drying, moisture content in the explosive is evaporated the back and forms a large amount of nano level micropores, and, the explosive susceptibility is obviously improved by expanded.The present invention adopts " low speed emulsification one decompression is spray dried to powder craft " and " low speed emulsification is---expanded---to be milled into powder craft ", and made powder is kept W/O or O/W/O emulsoid structure, and particle diameter is 1 μ m～50 μ m.
The present invention's newborn swollen explosive has added the water of 3-12% in manufacturing processed, under emulsification condition, oxygenant and combustible agent contact area increase, and help exciting and transmitting of detonation wave.
The blast performance of the present invention's newborn swollen explosive is suitable with existing powdery emulsifying explosive, and production cost can reduce more than 10%, and production energy consumption can reduce more than 50%.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing ammonium nitrate 89.4Kg, water 5Kg, compound wax 5Kg, emolsifier span 80 0.6Kg.
(1) ammonium nitrate, water are made aqueous mixture under 100 ℃ of temperature; (2) under uniform temp, emulsifying agent and compound wax are made oil mixture; (3) under the said temperature condition, to carry out low speed emulsification in the water material adding oil phase material, agitator linear velocity 1.1 ± 0.1m/s during emulsification, be emulsified into thin water-in-oil type emulsion, (4) with high-pressure pump pressure 3MPa thin emulsion is atomized into powder by pressure nozzle, its nozzle diameter 1.3mm, the flow of a nozzle is 80L/h, its vacuum-drying absolute pressure is 0.015MPa, under this vacuum condition, carry out vacuum-drying removal moisture content wherein, form expanded loose powder-like product with micro-holes.Product performance detect through blast performance: capacity for work 360ml, and brisance 15mm, induced detonation 7cm, explosion velocity 4100m/s stores 8 months quality guaranteed perioves.
Embodiment 2
Take by weighing ammonium nitrate 86Kg, water 6Kg, compound wax 7Kg, emolsifier span 80 1.0Kg.
(1) ammonium nitrate, water are made aqueous mixture under 120 ℃ of temperature; (2) under 110 ℃ of temperature, emulsifying agent and compound wax are made oil mixture; (3) under 120 ℃ of temperature condition, will carry out low speed emulsification in the water material adding oil phase material, agitator linear velocity 1.5 ± 0.1m/s is emulsified into thin water-in-oil type emulsion during emulsification; (4) with spiral pump thin emulsion is pumped into or sucks by vacuum pump carry out in the vacuum tank have dividing plate expanded, its vacuum-drying absolute pressure is 0.01MP, the about 3cm of colloid shop layer thickness, 10 minutes expanded time, after reaching normal pressure, utilize the scraper plate in the vacuum tank that expanded good material is scraped, send in the wheel roller then and mill, the heavy 450kg of runner milling stone roller, 100 ℃ of built-in temperatures, discharging after milling 10 minutes, finished product be expanded after, promptly get loose powder-like product with micro-holes.Product performance detect through blast performance: capacity for work 330ml, and brisance 15mm, induced detonation 5-7cm, explosion velocity 4000m/s stores 8 months quality guaranteed perioves.
Embodiment 3
Take by weighing ammonium nitrate 91Kg, water 4Kg, compound wax 4.5Kg, emolsifier span 80 0.5Kg.
(1) ammonium nitrate, water are made aqueous mixture under 130 ℃ of temperature; (2) under 90 ℃ of temperature, emulsifying agent and compound wax are made oil mixture; (3) under 130 ℃ of temperature condition, will carry out low speed emulsification in the water material adding oil phase material, agitator linear velocity 1.0 ± 0.1m/s is emulsified into thin water-in-oil type emulsion during emulsification; (4) with spiral pump thin emulsion is pumped into carry out in the travelling belt that is built in the vacuum chamber expanded, its vacuum-drying absolute pressure is 0.02MP, transmission bandwidth 1m, long 5m, belt speed 48m/h, travelling belt end are provided with two groups of parallel pressure rollers and carry out coarse crushing, and broken back is scraped in the material bin by scraper plate, send in the continuous ball mill through travelling belt then and grind, finished product is the loose powder-like product that has micro-holes after expanded.Product performance detect through blast performance: capacity for work 350ml, and brisance 15mm, induced detonation 7cm, explosion velocity 4200m/s stores 8 months quality guaranteed perioves.
Claims (7)
1, the swollen explosive of a kind of breast is characterized in that, it is by oxygenant, water, and combustible agent, emulsifying agent is made, and the weight percent proportioning of each feed composition is: oxygenant 84-92, water 3-12, combustible agent 4-10, emulsifying agent 0.5-1.5.
2, the swollen explosive of breast according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the weight percent proportioning of described each component is: oxygenant 88-90, water 4-6, combustible agent 5-8, emulsifying agent 0.6-0.8.
3, the swollen explosive of breast according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described oxygenant is an ammonium nitrate; Combustible agent is a compound wax; Emulsifying agent is a span 80.
4, the manufacture method of the swollen explosive of a kind of breast is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: (1) becomes water-phase material with oxygenant, water mixed dissolution under 100-130 ℃ of condition; (2) combustible agent is become oil phase material with emulsifying agent consolute under 90-110 ℃ of condition; (3) water-phase material, oil phase material are mixed, under the condition of 0.5-2m/s, carry out low speed emulsification, form thin water-in-oil type emulsion, emulsifying temperature 95-130 ℃; (4) the thin Water in Oil emulsion that (3) step was made atomizes through pressure nozzle, and its pressure nozzle aperture is 1-3mm, and working pressure is 0.5-5MPa, and temperature of charge is 120-140 ℃ before the atomizing, and the vacuum-drying absolute pressure is 0.003-0.03MPa.
5, the manufacture method of the swollen explosive of a kind of breast is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: (1) becomes water-phase material with oxygenant, water mixed dissolution under 100-130 ℃ of condition; (2) combustible agent is become oil phase material with emulsifying agent consolute under 90-110 ℃ of condition; (3) water-phase material, oil phase material are mixed, carry out low speed emulsification under the condition of on-line velocity 0.5-2m/s, form thin water-in-oil type emulsion, emulsifying temperature 95-130 ℃; (4) the thin water-in-oil type emulsion that (3) step was made pumps in the vacuum tank that has dividing plate, and expanded back scrapes with scraper plate, it is sent in the wheel roller mill again, and the vacuum-drying absolute pressure is 0.003-0.03MPa, and the wheel roller stone roller heavily is 200-500kg.
6, the manufacture method of the swollen explosive of a kind of breast is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: (1) becomes water-phase material with oxygenant, water mixed dissolution under 100-130 ℃ of condition; (2) combustible agent is become oil phase material with emulsifying agent consolute under 90-110 ℃ of condition; (3) water-phase material, oil phase material are mixed, under the condition of 0.5-2m/s, carry out low speed emulsification, form thin water-in-oil type emulsion, emulsifying temperature 95-130 ℃; (4) the thin water-in-oil type emulsion that (3) step was made pumps into or places the travelling belt in the vacuum chamber to carry out expanded by the vacuum chamber suction, expanded after scrape in the material bin by scraper plate after one to two group of pressure roller coarse crushing, hopper adopts dual hopper one to open a mode of closing and realizes continuous discharging, discharging is after travelling belt is sent in the continuous ball mill grinds, grind discharging and promptly make the swollen explosive product of non-TNT powder breast, this method is a continous way; The thick 2-30cm that is generally of stone, the expanded time is generally 5-20min, and the vacuum-drying absolute pressure is generally 0.003-0.03MPa.
7, the manufacture method of the swollen explosive of breast according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the described expanded time is 8-12min.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410046945 CN1613834A (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2004-11-17 | Emulsified and expanded explosive and its production |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200410046945 CN1613834A (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2004-11-17 | Emulsified and expanded explosive and its production |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102924196A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-02-13 | 山东天宝化工股份有限公司 | Expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and method for preparing same |
| CN103396272A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-11-20 | 四川雅化实业集团股份有限公司 | Method for recycling waste emulsion explosive in rock powder emulsion explosive |
| CN106315657A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-11 | 徐志祥 | Preparation method of nano-metal oxide |
-
2004
- 2004-11-17 CN CN 200410046945 patent/CN1613834A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102924196A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-02-13 | 山东天宝化工股份有限公司 | Expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and method for preparing same |
| CN103396272A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-11-20 | 四川雅化实业集团股份有限公司 | Method for recycling waste emulsion explosive in rock powder emulsion explosive |
| CN106315657A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-11 | 徐志祥 | Preparation method of nano-metal oxide |
| CN106315657B (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-07-13 | 徐志祥 | A kind of preparation method of nano-metal-oxide |
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