CN1601231A - Human eye aberration Hartmann wavefront sensor based on microprism array - Google Patents
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Abstract
The human eye aberration Hartmann wavefront sensor based on the microprism array consists of a light source, a light beam matching telescope, a transition system, a microprism array, a Fourier lens and a photoelectric detector CCD, and is characterized in that: the microprism Hartmann wavefront sensor consists of a microprism array with a variable-period two-dimensional sawtooth-shaped phase grating structure, a Fourier lens and a photoelectric detector, wherein the Fourier lens is tightly attached to the microprism array, the microprism array with the two-dimensional sawtooth-shaped phase grating structure can have two structures, namely a single-sided photoetching centrosymmetric annular structure and a double-sided photoetching double-sided grating structure, and can be processed by adopting a micro-optical technology or a binary optical technology. The Hartmann wavefront sensor has the advantages of simple and stable structure and easy realization of processing technology, and can simplify the installation and adjustment of the Hartmann wavefront sensor and realize batch production compared with the existing microlens technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of human eye aberration Hartmann Wavefront sensor based on microprism array.
Background technology
Be used for the Hartmann wave front sensor that human eye aberration is measured at present, usually adopt microlens array to cut apart light beam aperture, and incident light focused on the photosensitive target surface of ccd detector, perhaps lenticular focal plane hot spot image is imaged in the ccd detector photosensitive target surface by a relay system.Measure human eye aberration with the lenticule Hartmann wave front sensor and see patent " Rapid, automatic measurement of the eye ' s wave aberration ", Williams et al.Patent No.US 6,199,986 b1, Mar.13,2001.The deficiency of this class Hartmann sensor is the coupling technique more complicated of microlens array and ccd detector, the focus error of the lenticule unit of microlens array is inconsistent to cause influencing sensor accuracy, requirement to the microlens array manufacturing technology is very high, installation, debug difficulties are not suitable for manufacturing in enormous quantities.
Jiang Wenhan etc. once proposed and made the mirror of cutting apart that a kind of prism (referring to wedge or wedge) that has different angles of wedge forms and cut apart light beam aperture (" 37 unit self-adapting optical system ", Jiang Wenhan, Wu Xubin, Ling Ning, photoelectric project, 22 volumes, 1 phase 38-45 page or leaf, nineteen ninety-five), and, can overcome the difficulty that aperture segmentation element and ccd detector are coupled with the Hartmann sensor of object lens focusing in the CCD photosensitive target surface.But the manufacturing technology that is assembled into the aperture segmentation element with single sub-prism is complicated and expensive, also is unwell to batch process.
Chinese invention patent application " 01108433.2 " proposes in embodiment 1: the aperture segmentation element 1 ' of Hartmann wave front sensor can be the integrated form binary Fresnel microprism array that adopts micro-optic technology or binary optical technique to make, the focal plane of condenser lens 2 ' overlaps with the photosensitive target surface of ccd detector 3 ' 4 ', as shown in Figure 1.The foregoing invention patented claim has proposed a kind of Hartmann wave front sensor structure of simple and stable, but to wherein key components one light beam aperture cutting element, does not provide definite structure and production program.Therefore, the present invention is the continuation to above-mentioned patented claim.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome that the focus error of lenticule unit of coupling technique more complicated, microlens array of microlens array and ccd detector in the prior art is inconsistent to cause influencing sensor accuracy; And sub-wedge assembling technique complex process and costliness, be not suitable for deficiency such as batch process, a kind of microprism Hartmann wave front sensor that human eye aberration is measured that is used for that is suitable for industrialized mass production is provided.
Technical solution of the present invention is: based on the human eye aberration Hartmann Wavefront sensor of microprism array, form by light source, Beam matching telescope, transition system, microprism array, fourier transform lens and photodetector CCD, its characteristics are: described microprism array is a variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase grating array structure, with the common aperture segmentation that realizes light beam of fourier transform lens combination.
The variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase grating array of serration depth such as the microprism array of described variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase optical grating construction is, promptly each grating is same serration depth in the array, and just x, y director space cycle have nothing in common with each other.
Described variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase optical grating construction microprism array two kinds of implementations can be arranged: the two-sided optical grating construction of centrosymmetric annular layout structure of single face photoetching and two sides photoetching.The centrosymmetric annular layout structure of single face photoetching is single face photoetching on substrate, with the center is basic point, the circle-shaped outside expansion that is centrosymmetric, and each sub-aperture x, y director space period T x and Ty outwards are 1 by the center simultaneously in the array, 1/2,1/3...1/n progression multiplying power alternation.The two-sided optical grating construction of two sides photoetching is for being benchmark in substrate one side with the x coordinate axis, and etching produces and is arranged in parallel, the grating cycle, its grating cycle outwards was 1,1/2 by the center, 1/3...1/n progression multiplying power alternation along the sawtooth shaped phase grating of x direction; Is benchmark at the substrate another side with the y coordinate axis, and etching produces and to be arranged in parallel, the grating cycle, its grating cycle outwards was 1,1/2 by the center, 1/3...1/n progression multiplying power alternation along the sawtooth shaped phase grating of y direction.
The microprism array of described variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase optical grating construction can adopt micro-optic technology or binary optical technique processing.
Principle of the present invention is: microprism array is to adopt micro-optic or binary optical technique, etching forms variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase grating array on a sheet base, its serration depth remains unchanged and cycle alternation between sub-aperture, realize evenly arranging of spot array by setting serration depth, grating in parameters such as the space periodic of pairwise orthogonal direction and fourier transform lens focal lengths, two kinds of implementations of two-sided optical grating construction of centrosymmetric annular layout structure of single face photoetching and two sides photoetching can be arranged; The sawtooth shaped phase structure of grating adopts the binary optical technique etching to form; Fourier transform lens is according to the anaberration lens of focal length, the processing of f number parameter requests such as (focal length/bores of lens), does not receive by photodetector like this and can produce distortion.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1. microprism Hartmann wave front sensor disclosed in this invention, its light beam aperture cutting element one microprism array is made of variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase grating array, only need and a fourier transform lens combination, just can realize that light beam aperture cuts apart, converge to the photodetector photosensitive target surface by public fourier transform lens before all wavelets, overcome the inconsistent influence that the Hartmann wave front sensor precision is produced of the lenticule unit focal length of microlens array in the prior art.
2. microprism array disclosed in this invention, be adopt micro-optic or binary optical technique directly on a slice base photoetching form, avoided a work sheet prism respectively, carry out the complexity of sub-prism assembly unit, loaded down with trivial details, expensive technology then.
3. microprism array disclosed in this invention is adding man-hour, only need to change the space periodic of each sawtooth shaped phase grating in the array and serration depth remains unchanged, and broached-tooth design adopts micro-optic or binary optical technique etching to form, it is simple in structure, processing technology easily realizes, is easy to realize mass production.
4. the installation adjustment of Hartmann wave front sensor will be simplified.Existing lenticule Hartmann sensor needs a relay system usually, the focus of microlens array is coupled to the photosensitive target surface of CCD.As shown in Figure 2, except that the collimation adjustment that must finish microlens array 21, relay system 22 and CCD 23, also must finish between the focal plane of the focal spot array of microlens array 21 and CCD 23 object-image conjugate adjustment with respect to relay system 22, the whole link of debuging is more and difficulty is big, is unfavorable for producing in batches.And two-dimentional sawtooth shaped phase grating array 41 that this patent proposed and fourier transform lens 42 combinations, direct imaging is in CCD photosensitive target surface 44, as shown in Figure 4, except that necessary collimation adjustment, only CCD photosensitive target surface 44 need be focused with respect to fourier transform lens 42, simplify the work of debuging of sensor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the Hartmann wave front sensor structural representation that Chinese invention patent application " 01108433.2 " proposes in embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is a lenticule Hartmann wave front sensor structural representation in the prior art;
Fig. 3 is for measuring human eye aberration device synoptic diagram based on the Hartmann wave front sensor of microprism array among the present invention;
Fig. 4 among the present invention based on the human eye aberration Hartmann wavefront sensor construction and the principle of work synoptic diagram of microprism array;
Fig. 5 adopts the centrosymmetric annular layout structural representation of single face photoetching for the microprism array of variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase optical grating construction among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic perspective view of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the two-sided optical grating construction front view that the microprism array of variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase optical grating construction among the present invention adopts the two sides photoetching;
Fig. 8 is the left view of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the right view of Fig. 7.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 3, in human eye aberration Hartmann measuring system based on microprism array, the light that sends by beacon 1, through pin hole 2 filtering, by collimating mirror 3 collimations is parallel light emergence, through catoptron 5 and beam splitter 6 reflections, (confocal wave-filtration optical door screen 10 is placed at the public focus place of its two groups of lens by Beam matching telescope 7, only allow the fundus reflex light transmission, thereby the elimination veiling glare) enter eye pupil 8, fundus reflex light Returning beam coupling telescope 7 also sees through beam splitter 6, enter human eye aberration Hartmann Wavefront sensor based on microprism array via transition system 9: light beam sees through microprism array 41, through fourier transform lens 42 imagings, on CCD 43 photosensitive target surfaces, form spot array again;
As shown in Figure 4, based on the human eye aberration Hartmann Wavefront sensor of microprism array microprism array 41 by variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase optical grating construction, fourier transform lens 42 and CCD 43 form, fourier transform lens 42 is close to the microprism array 41 of variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase optical grating construction, the photosensitive target surface 44 of CCD 43 is positioned on fourier transform lens 42 focal planes, microprism array 41 is for adopting micro-optic or the binary optical technique two-dimentional sawtooth shaped phase grating array that etching produces on same substrate, and the variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase grating array of serration depth such as be, be that each grating is same serration depth in the array, be x, the y director space cycle has nothing in common with each other, it can have two kinds of implementations: the two-sided optical grating construction of centrosymmetric annular layout structure of single face photoetching and two sides photoetching, respectively as Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, Fig. 8, shown in Figure 9.
Its concrete enforcement of structure shown in Figure 4 can be: microprism array 41 and fourier transform lens 42 adopt the mechanical parts that has three-dimensional adjustment function to fix respectively, and CCD 43 thereafter needs the axial translation adjustment.When debuging, respectively to microprism array 41, fourier transform lens 42 and CCD 43 adjustment that collimates; Directional light incident then, CCD 43 axially adjusts, and its photosensitive target surface is positioned on the focal plane of fourier transform lens 42, and the whole process of debuging is finished.
When based on the human eye aberration Hartmann sensor of microprism array during in work, as shown in Figure 4, incident beam is behind microprism array 41, the light beam in each sub-aperture has produced the respective phase variation respectively, by being close to fourier transform lens 42 imagings thereafter, survey its light distribution by the CCD 43 that is positioned on the fourier transform lens focal plane, this light distribution is comprising the phase information that two-dimentional sawtooth shaped phase grating array is produced, the phase change difference that each sub-aperture produced, thereby on the fourier transform lens focal plane, forming a spot array, the overall optical beam orifice is evenly cut apart.The spot array that the incident of standard flat ripple produces will be saved and be used as nominal data.
When having the wavefront incident of certain aberration, each local dip plane wave produces new additive phase to two-dimentional sawtooth shaped phase grating in its sub-aperture, and this phase change will be reflected in the facula position skew of fourier transform lens focal plane.
The hot spot signal that CCD 43 receives can be handled by computing machine, adopts centroid algorithm: the position (x that is 1. calculated hot spot by formula
i, y
i), the corrugated control information of detection full aperture:
In the formula, m=1~M, n=1~N are that sub-aperture is mapped to pixel region corresponding on CCD 43 photosensitive target surfaces 44, I
NmBe (n, the m) signal received of individual pixel-by-pixel basis, x on CCD 43 photosensitive target surfaces 44
Nm, y
NmBe respectively (n, m) the x coordinate of individual pixel and y coordinate.
2. calculate the wavefront slope g of incident wavefront again according to formula
Xi, g
Yi:
In the formula, (x
0, y
0) demarcate the spot center reference position that Hartmann sensor obtains for the standard flat ripple; During Hartmann sensor probing wave front-distortion, spot center is displaced to (x
i, y
i), finish the detection of Hartmann wave front sensor to signal.
As shown in Figure 5, microprism array can have the centrosymmetric annular layout structure of single face photoetching: the cycle of each grating and groove direction form annular layout, i.e. single face photoetching on substrate, with central point O is basic point, circle-shaped outside expansion is centrosymmetric, each sub-aperture x, y director space period T x and Ty outwards are 1,1/2 by the center, 1/3...1/n progression multiplying power alternation simultaneously in the array.
Fig. 6 is the schematic perspective view of structure shown in Figure 5.
As Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9, microprism array can also have the two-sided optical grating construction of two sides photoetching: the branch two sides is determined the X of each grating in the array and the grating cycle of Y direction respectively, produce the directions X cycle at groove of substrate, another side then groove produces the Y direction cycle, two-sided groove forms the different cycles of grating array jointly, be benchmark with the x coordinate axis promptly in the substrate one side, etching produces and to be arranged in parallel, the grating cycle is along the sawtooth shaped phase grating of x direction, its grating cycle outwards is 1 by the center, 1/2,1/3...1/n progression multiplying power alternation; Is benchmark at the substrate another side with the y coordinate axis, and etching produces and to be arranged in parallel, the grating cycle, its grating cycle outwards was 1,1/2 by the center, 1/3...1/n progression multiplying power alternation along the sawtooth shaped phase grating of y direction.
Claims (6)
1, based on the human eye aberration Hartmann Wavefront sensor of microprism array, comprise light source, Beam matching telescope, transition system, microprism array, fourier transform lens and photodetector CCD, it is characterized in that: described microprism Hartmann sensor is the aperture segmentation that realizes light beam by the microprism array of variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase optical grating construction and fourier transform lens combination.
2, the human eye aberration Hartmann Wavefront sensor based on microprism array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described microprism array such as is at the variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase grating array of serration depth, be that each grating is same serration depth in the array, just x, y director space cycle have nothing in common with each other.
3, the human eye aberration Hartmann Wavefront sensor based on microprism array according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the microprism array of described variable period two dimension sawtooth shaped phase optical grating construction both can adopt the micro-optic technology, also can adopt binary optical technique processing.
4, the human eye aberration Hartmann Wavefront sensor based on microprism array according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described microprism array adopts the two-sided optical grating construction of centrosymmetric annular layout structure of single face photoetching or two sides photoetching.
5, the human eye aberration Hartmann Wavefront sensor based on microprism array according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the centrosymmetric annular layout structure of described single face photoetching is single face photoetching on substrate, with the center is basic point, circle-shaped outside expansion is centrosymmetric, each sub-aperture x, y director space period T x and Ty outwards are 1 by the center simultaneously in the array, 1/2,1/3 ... 1/n progression multiplying power alternation.
6, the human eye aberration Hartmann Wavefront sensor based on microprism array according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the two-sided optical grating construction of described two sides photoetching is for being benchmark in substrate one side with the x coordinate axis, etching produces and to be arranged in parallel, the grating cycle is along the sawtooth shaped phase grating of x direction, its grating cycle outwards is 1 by the center, 1/2,1/3 ... 1/n progression multiplying power alternation; Is benchmark at the substrate another side with the y coordinate axis, and etching produces and to be arranged in parallel, the grating cycle, its grating cycle outwards was 1,1/2,1/3 by the center along the sawtooth shaped phase grating of y direction ... 1/n progression multiplying power alternation.
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