CN1590085A - 形成具有凹凸榫头的层压板的方法 - Google Patents

形成具有凹凸榫头的层压板的方法 Download PDF

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CN1590085A
CN1590085A CNA2004100551725A CN200410055172A CN1590085A CN 1590085 A CN1590085 A CN 1590085A CN A2004100551725 A CNA2004100551725 A CN A2004100551725A CN 200410055172 A CN200410055172 A CN 200410055172A CN 1590085 A CN1590085 A CN 1590085A
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layer material
series
laminate
aid
pile
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阿卜杜尔勒·法兹尔·拉杰巴利
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GKN Fokker Aerospace BV
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Stork Fokker AESP BV
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/304—In-plane lamination by juxtaposing or interleaving of plies, e.g. scarf joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

一种生产层压板的方法，该层压板包括金属层材以及至少一层增强纤维粘合层材(5－7)，该粘合层位于这些金属层材(1－4)之间，该层压板至少有一个区域(9)的层数(3、4、7)要少于该层压板的其它区域的层数，该方法包括：形成一摞层材(8)，该摞层材包括金属层材(1－4)以及至少一层纤维层材(5－7)，该纤维层材上浸渍有粘合剂，该摞层材(8)具有第一系列(11)连续层(1、2、5、6)，该第一系列连续层的表面尺寸具有不同于第二系列(12)的连续层材(3、4、7)的表面尺寸，因此，其中一个的层材系列(12)相对另一层材系列(11)凸出出来；靠着该另一层材系列(11)将一辅助工具(14)放置在该凸出的层材系列(12)的凸出部分(19)处，该辅助工具(14)具有一拼接部分，该拼接部分和所述另一层材系列的拼接部分相同；随着层压板的形成在高压和高温下活化该增强纤维粘合层材(5、6、7)。

Description

形成具有凹凸榫头的层压板的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及生产层压板，该层压板包括多层金属和增强纤维粘合层。这种层压板广泛地应用于各种领域，例如航空和航天领域，用于运输领域，例如集装箱等。对于许多应用用途，采用这种层压板制成的面板采用阶梯形的边缘彼此连接起来。这样，每块面板都有一个边缘其所含的层数比该面板的其它边缘的层数要少。这些面板彼此采用这样的方式连接起来，即凹入的阶梯装配在另一个中，结果获得一种平滑的过渡。这种连接由于航空领域的良好的空气动力学特性而尤其有利。
发明背景
众所周知，这种面板是在高温和高压的条件下制造的。在该过程中，增强纤维粘合层被活化以便获得一种理想的粘接。这些阶梯必须受到辅助工具的支承，以便在这些边缘位置也能保证获得理想的过量压力。所使用的辅助工具通常采用钢材制成。因此，其具有与所生产的层压板不同的机械性能。尤其是，该辅助工具的刚度比层压板的刚度要大。而且，需要记住的是，层压板在生产过程中要受到压缩。不但这些层材需要压平到某种程度，而且要在该操作过程中将液体树脂从该摞层材中挤压出来。因此辅助工具的厚度必须等于该摞层材在压缩状态下的厚度，该厚度也是该层压板的最终状态下的厚度。因此，该最终的产品具有准确的公差。
发明概述
在本文中，发现普通的钢质辅助工具不是太适于满足该要求。必须为每一块层压板生产出一种采用特定生产的具有准确厚度的辅助工具。因此本发明的目的是为了提供一种生产层压板的方法，该层压板包括金属层材以及至少一层增强纤维粘合层材，该粘合层位于这些金属层材之间，该层压板至少有一个区域的层数要少于该层压板的其它区域的层数，该方法包括：
形成一摞层材，该摞层材包括金属层材以及至少一层纤维层材，该纤维层材上浸渍有粘合剂，该摞层材具有第一系列连续层，该第一系列连续层的表面尺寸具有不同于第二系列的连续层材的表面尺寸，因此，其中一个的层材系列相对另一层材系列凸出来，
靠着该另一层材系列将一辅助工具放置在该凸出的层材系列的凸出部分处，该辅助工具具有一拼接部分，该拼接部分和所述另一层材系列的拼接部分相同，
随着层压板的形成在高压和高温下活化该增强纤维粘合层材。
采用一种具有和层压板相同的拼接部分的辅助工具可以获得各种优点。首先，这种辅助工具的机械特性可以与层压板的机械特征更好地相匹配。例如，该压缩层压板的刚度比钢质辅助工具更为接近本发明的该辅助工具的刚度。此外，该压缩层压板的膨胀系数同样接近于该辅助工具的膨胀系数。因此，可以确保施加在整个层压板上的压力更为均匀，这有利于使得采用这种方法所生产的面板具有均匀而高等级的尺寸(公差)。
本发明的方法可以采用各种方法实施。根据第一种实施例，使用一预制好的辅助工具。在和采用该工具来生产的层压板相同的压力和温度下来生产该预制好的工具。这意味着该辅助工具的厚度将完全与采用所述工具来生产的层压板的厚度相匹配。
根据第二种实施例，根据本发明的方法包括：
将一系列辅助层材放置在该系列层材的凸出部分上，该系列层材具有拼接部分，该拼接部分和所述另一系列层材的拼接部分相同，
在高压和高温下活化该系列层材中的该增强纤维粘合层，
在和形成该层压板所需的时间相同的时间后由所述的系列层材形成一辅助工具。
采用这种方式，可以获得一种生产层压板以及所述辅助工具的完全一致的方法。这对层压板的质量非常有利。该层压板以及辅助工具可以具有任何形状，例如具有单一曲率或双曲率。这同样可以用于相关的加压工具中。
本发明还涉及一种用于上述方法的辅助工具，用于生产一种层压板，该层压板包括一些金属层材以及至少一层增强纤维层，该增强纤维层位于金属层之间，该层压板具有第一系列的连续层材，该第一系列的连续层材相对于第二系列的层材凹入，其形成有至少一个区域，该至少一个区域的层数比该层材的其它区域的层数少，该辅助工具包括一系列的连续层材，该系列的连续层材与该凹入的系列层材相同。
附图简要说明
下面将在参照所示附图中的图释实施例对本发明进行更为详细的解释，其中：
图1所示的是本发明的方法的第一实施例；
图2所示的是本发明的方法的第二实施例；
图3-7所示的本发明的层压板可能的组装形式。
具体实施方式
在生产层压板时，交替放置的金属层材1-4与施加有粘合剂(预浸渍体)的纤维层材5-7以一个放在另一个顶上的方式被摞放在一形成模具(未详细表示出来)中，以便形成一摞层材8。在所示的实例中，层材5-7每层都包括两个叠放在一起的浸渍过粘合剂的纤维层材。需要的话，可以将一层或多层浸渍过粘合剂的纤维层材加在两层金属层材之间。该摞层材具有一个区域，该区域的层数比该层材的其它区域的层数要少，因此形成阶梯10。
因为该系列层材11包括层1、2、5、以及6，并且具有与又层材3、4、7构成的系列层材12不同的表面尺寸，因此形成该阶梯10。
当将层材1-7组合起来形成一个整体，以便生产最终的层压板时，该整体经受高压和高温。作为一附加技术特征，如果涉及一平坦的单一弯曲层压板或双弯曲层压板时，可以采用层压板生产该加压工具13。如果涉及一平坦或单一弯曲层压板时可以采用金属条带制成该加压工具13。
由于获得充分的施加压力，即使在其层数较少的凸出区域19，也要采用整体采用14表示的辅助工具。该辅助工具包括层材1′、2′、5′以及6′，与第一系列层材相同。不过，在加热和施加压力的过程中，该辅助工具14可以反过来使得浸渍有粘合剂的纤维层材6不会粘接到金属层材3的表面15。在浸渍有粘合剂的纤维层材6和模具之间有一层层材16。
采用具有和第一系列的层材的拼接部分相同的拼接部分的辅助工具14的优点在于，施加的压力均匀，该施加的压力等于在最终的层压板中所施加的压力，即使在凸出区域19中所获得的压力也仍然如此。采用这种结构，辅助工具14的技术特性与该摞层材11的机械特性相同，因此不会产生任何差异。
采用本发明的方法，该辅助工具14可以与该层压板互补。也就是说，在开始该生产工艺的时候，该辅助工具的层材1′、2′、5′以及6′也不必彼此连接起来。在施加压力和加热的时候，假设该整体被该层压板的一些部分所覆盖着的话，额外地就随后自动形成辅助工具14。
不过，当形成该层压板时采用这种方法生产的辅助工具14还可以用于该完成状态，因为它已经被压缩和固化过了，但是其厚度随后正确地与所产生的层压板中的阶梯10相匹配。
如图2所示，该加压工具13也可以应用到辅助工具14以及该摞完整的层材上，该加压工具13的底层随后通过有松散材料制成的层材16与辅助工具14的层材6′分隔开并与该摞层材8的层材1分隔开。
如图3和4所示的是上述层压板的两个可能组装形式。在图3中，两个层压板的该系列凸出层材位于另一系列之上。这些层压板通过一种穿过一些通孔的固定装置彼此连接起来，该固定装置的轴采用标记20来示意性地表示。
在图4所示的变化形式中，具有凸出层材12的该系列层材彼此连接在一起。
在图5所示的变化形式中，每个层压板中都具有三个不同的系列层材12、12′以及11。其中一个层压板的凸出系列层材12位于另一个层压板的凸出不是太长的系列层材11之上。
在图6所示的变化形式中，凸出最远的那个系列层材12与另一个层压板的系列层材11相对，以便获得完全平坦的表面。
在图7所示的变化形式中，具有两个系列层材12、11的层压板连接到一个具有三个系列层材11、12、12′使得只有一个侧面是平坦的。

Claims (15)

1.一种生产层压板的方法，该层压板包括金属层材以及至少一层增强纤维粘合层材(5-7)，该粘合层位于这些金属层材(1-4)之间，该层压板至少有一个区域(9)的层数(3、4、7)要少于该层压板的其它区域的层数，该方法包括：
形成一摞层材(8)，该摞层材包括金属层材(1-4)以及至少一层纤维层材(5-7)，该纤维层材上浸渍有粘合剂，该摞层材(8)具有第一系列(11)连续层(1、2、5、6)，该第一系列连续层的表面尺寸具有不同于第二系列(12)的连续层材(3、4、7)的表面尺寸，因此，其中一个的层材系列(12)相对另一层材系列(11)凸出出来，
靠着该另一层材系列(11)将一辅助工具(14)放置在该凸出的层材系列(12)的凸出部分(19)处，该辅助工具(14)具有一拼接部分，该拼接部分和所述另一层材系列(11)的拼接部分相同，
随着层压板的形成在高压和高温下活化该增强纤维粘合层材(5、6、7)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其包括使用一种预制成的辅助工具(14)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其包括：
靠着该另一层材系列(11)将一系列辅助层材(1′、2′、5′、6′)放置在该层材系列(12)的凸出部分上，该系列辅助层材(1′、2′、5′、6′)具有拼接部分，该拼接部分和所述另一层材系列(11)的拼接部分相同，
在高压和高温下活化该系列层材中的该增强纤维粘合层材(5′、6′)，
在形成该层压板同时由所述的系列辅助层材(1′、2′、5′、6′)形成一辅助工具(14)。
4.如前述任意一个权利要求所述的方法，其中，所述层压板和辅助工具(14)具有至少一个曲率。
5.如前述任意一个权利要求所述的方法，其中，采用一个加压工具(13)将压力施加到该层材系列(11、12)和辅助工具(14)上。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述层压板和加压工具具有至少一个曲率。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的方法，其包括：在所述加压工具(13)和该摞层材(8)的面对所述加压工具的层材(1)之间施加松散材料(16)。
8.如权利要求5、6或7所述的方法，其包括：在所述加压工具(13)和所述辅助工具(14)之间施加松散材料(16)。
9.如权利要求1-7中任意一个所述的方法，其包括：将该摞层材(8)放置在成型模具中并将松散材料(16)施加在所述辅助工具(14)和所述成型模具之间。
10.如前述任意一个权利要求所述的方法，其包括，形成一凸出的层材系列(12)，该系列层材中的面对着辅助工具(14)的层材(3)为金属层材，并且将一辅助工具相对于另一层材系列(11)的拼接部分放置在一反向位置。
11.一种用于根据前述权利要求生产层压板的方法的辅助工具，所述层压板包括金属层材(1-4)以及至少一层增强纤维粘合层材(5-7)，该层压板具有第一系列(11)的连续层材(1、2、5、6)，该第一系列的连续层材相对于第二系列(12)的层材(3、4、7)凹入，其形成有至少一个区域(9)，该至少一个区域的层材(3、4、7)的层数比该层压板的其它区域的层数少，所述辅助工具(14)包括一系列的连续辅助层材(1′、2′、5′、6′)，该连续辅助层材系列的连续层材与所述凹入的系列层材(1、2、5、6)相同。
12.如权利要求11所述的辅助工具，其中，所述系列的连续辅助层材(1′、2′、5′、6′)具有至少一个曲率。
13.一种组件，包括采用如权利要求1-10中的其中一个所述的方法生产的两个层压板，所述层压板每个都包括一摞层材(8)，该摞层材包括金属层材(1-4)以及至少一层浸渍有粘合剂的增强纤维粘合层材(5-7)，该摞层材(8)具有第一系列(11)的连续层材(1、2、5、6)以及第二系列(12)的层材(3、4、7)，所述其中一个层材系列(12)相对另一个背面具有阶梯的层材系列(11)凸出，这些层压板彼此相连。
14.如权利要求13所述的组件，其中，沿着垂直于所述层压板的表面的方向，任何一个层压板中的至少一个背面有阶梯的层材系列(11)与另一个层压板的凸出层材系列(12)相邻。
15.如权利要求13所述的组件，其中，沿着垂直于所述层压板的表面的方向，一个层压板的至少一个凸出层材系列(12)与另一个层压板中的背面有阶梯的层材列(11)相对。
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CN101678617B (zh) * 2007-03-29 2013-09-18 古瑞特（英国）有限公司 纤维增强的复合材料模制品和其制造方法
CN102649316A (zh) * 2011-02-25 2012-08-29 富士重工业株式会社 纤维强化树脂与金属的接合构造及接合方法
CN102649316B (zh) * 2011-02-25 2014-04-30 富士重工业株式会社 纤维强化树脂与金属的接合构造及接合方法
CN103381658A (zh) * 2012-03-06 2013-11-06 富士重工业株式会社 纤维强化树脂与金属的接合构造及接合方法
CN103381658B (zh) * 2012-03-06 2015-11-18 富士重工业株式会社 纤维强化树脂与金属的接合构造及接合方法
CN110505952A (zh) * 2017-06-14 2019-11-26 三菱化学株式会社 复合层叠体的制造方法、纤维强化复合材料成形品及其制造方法
CN110505952B (zh) * 2017-06-14 2022-03-15 三菱化学株式会社 复合层叠体的制造方法、纤维强化复合材料成形品及其制造方法

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BRPI0403231A (pt) 2005-05-31
RU2004124076A (ru) 2006-02-10
DE602004018434D1 (de) 2009-01-29
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