CN1583387A - Methods for gradating and inspecting coarse aggregate for asphalt concrete - Google Patents

Methods for gradating and inspecting coarse aggregate for asphalt concrete Download PDF

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CN1583387A
CN1583387A CN 200410044994 CN200410044994A CN1583387A CN 1583387 A CN1583387 A CN 1583387A CN 200410044994 CN200410044994 CN 200410044994 CN 200410044994 A CN200410044994 A CN 200410044994A CN 1583387 A CN1583387 A CN 1583387A
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aggregate
coarse aggregate
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bituminous concrete
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CN1302904C (en
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沙庆林
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Abstract

A method for grading the mineral materials and coarse aggregate to prepare the compact asphalt concrete used for the surface layer of external wall and a method for testing said asphalt concrete are disclosed. Said asphalt concrete features low porosity, and high resistance to water destroy and high-temp deformation.

Description

The coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate gradation method and the method for inspection
Technical field
The present invention relates to coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete, contain the mineral aggregate gradation method and the method for inspection thereof of many rubbles bituminous concrete (SAC).
Background technology
Bituminous concrete has obtained very extensively using in various countries' road construction.The top course of about 90% highway of China has used bituminous concrete.The bituminous concrete that use countries in the world is broadly divided into two classes: a class is closely knit formula bituminous concrete, its porosity (or air factor) V aLess than 5%, thereby water penetration is little.Another kind of is Porous Asphalt Concrete, and its porosity is everlasting more than 18%, and maximum reaches 28%, is often used as wearing course.Related to the present invention is closely knit formula bituminous concrete, and this class concrete is divided into traditional continous way dense-graded asphalt concrete, coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete and fine aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete.Over nearly 20 years, the main developing direction of bituminous concrete is a coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete in the world.So-called in the world bituminous concrete mineral aggregate gradation is meant that in the bituminous concrete mineral aggregate mineral aggregate of each size fractionated is shared proportion in the bituminous concrete mineral aggregate is formed, to form a grating that meets the bituminous concrete performance requirement.The quality percentage that passes through of this grating each different sieve apertures commonly used is represented.
Tradition continous way dense-graded asphalt concrete, its composition is followed U.S.'s richness of delivering in 20 beginnings of the century by the maximal density principle and is reined in (Fuller) mineral aggregate gradation formula:
P di = ( d i D max ) 0.5
In the formula: d iBe a certain screen size (mm);
D MaxBe the actual maximum particle diameter of mineral aggregate (mm);
P DiBe screen size d iPass through percentage (%).
Mineral aggregate gradation according to above-mentioned power function is formed is used in the U.S. the earliest, the history of existing last 100 years.Bituminous concrete porosity commonly used is generally 2%～5%.AC-XXI in China's asphalt concrete pavement construction standard belongs to this traditional continous way dense-graded asphalt concrete, and porosity is decided to be 3%～6%.
Coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete originates in early 1980s.Germany is formal rubble bitumastic concrete (the SMA:Stone Mastic Asphalt) standard of formulating in 1984, and it has the mineral aggregate gradation scope of regulation.Its mineral aggregate compositing characteristic is to form skeleton with 60%～70% greater than the coarse crushing stone of 4.75mm, form the hole that bitumastic is filled skeleton, and coarse aggregate is bonded together with less sand (actual content only is 10%～13%), a small amount of lignin fibre (being no less than 0.3%) with pitch more more (in Germany greater than 6.5%) and more filler (granule content 9%～13% of 0.09mm) than traditional continous way dense-graded asphalt concrete.Real 50 times Marshall Test respectively hits with the two sides and by porosity V in Germany aIt is 3%～4% definite asphalt content.The SMA mineral aggregate gradation is based on coarse aggregate, and its grating no longer is can be with the grading curve of a power function description, so often be called the coarse aggregate gap gradation.Subsequently, SMA obtains on probation and utilization in more American-European countries and China.Usually use pitch in the Germany and the U.S., seldom use modified pitch.China's great majority adopt modified pitch.From the operating position of China, early damage was serious after this asphalt concrete pavement was open to traffic, and mainly was bellding, rut groove and water destruct serious (producing check crack and hole, hole).
France brings into use thin bituminous concrete (BBM) in nineteen eighty-two, also is coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete.The mineral aggregate gradation of BBM is a grading curve.Compare with SMA, BBM is more significant gap gradation.As BBM0/10, its 6.3mm sieve aperture and 4mm sieve aperture throughput all are 53%, or the throughput of 6mm sieve aperture and 2mm sieve aperture all is 35%.BBM porosity V on the way aAbout 6%～12%, both can be closely knit bituminous concrete, can be again the bituminous concrete of half-open grating.At V aBe worth under the big situation, BBM is permeable, penetrates lower floor in order to prevent the water that enters this layer, usually needs to do a thick adhesion coating in its lower section with modified pitch.
1988, success was independently studied many rubbles bituminous concrete (SAC) by China.Wherein, the nominal maximum particle diameter of SAC16 is 16mm, and actual maximum particle diameter is 19mm, and the granule content greater than 4.75mm in the mineral aggregate is 59% (scope intermediate value), the V of Marshall Test (two sides is respectively hit real 75 times) aValue is 5%.It is closely knit formula coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete.Early 1990s, SAC is applied.The mineral aggregate gradation of SAC also has adjustment during this time, the rubble content (reaching 60%～70%) and filer content (reaching 6%～10%) more than increasing 4.75mm, also formed SAC series: six kinds of mineral aggregate gradations that thickness is different that are suitable for doing superficial layer, middle surface layer and bottom surface layer respectively.As particulate formula SAC10, SAC13, middle grain formula SAC16, SAC20, coarse grain formula SAC25, SAC30.At this, the numeral nominal maximum particle diameter of SAC back, their actual maximum particle diameter are respectively 13.2,16,19,26.5,31.5 and 37.5mm.SAC have the anti-permanent deformation ability of better high temperature and water penetration little, the road surface early damage is less.When SAC is used as superficial layer, also has good cling property.
The U.S. in 1993 has delivered and has spent the achievement in research that 5,000 ten thousand dollars and 5 years obtain, and its brand name is high-performance road surface (Superpave).It has abandoned having used the continous way close-graded richness of last 100 years to rein in formula, uses the coarse aggregate or the fine aggregate gap gradation of pure experience instead.The experience on probation of China shows that Superpave easily produces serious rut groove.
But, the mineral aggregate gradation of present various coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concretes, each state all is grading limit or grading curve of determining a broad by rule of thumb, allows the user according to the grading limit intermediate value of broad with according to the actual composition of the former mineral aggregate of different size, and oneself selects grating.This method can not judge in advance what performance used mineral aggregate gradation can provide, and as the water penetration of bituminous concrete how, the anti-permanent deformation ability of high temperature how, if may need how much pitch and performance undesirable, how this adjusts grating etc.In addition, the critical defect person of being to use of this method can only adjust in the specified grading scope with the experience of oneself, or the intermediate value of scope is prepared burden according to the rules.Allot the bituminous concrete character of coming and whether meet the requirements and then feel unsure of, can only wait for that performance test is finished after, can know just whether mineral aggregate gradation suitable.Lack necessary theory testing method, can only test by experiment and the mineral aggregate gradation adjustment, this need spend very long Check-Out Time and input.Very time-consuming, the effort of this method, also very expensive.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of asphalt concrete pavement that can make and have the mineral aggregate gradation that porosity is little, the waterproof damage capability strong, have anti-permanent deformation ability of higher high temperature and good cling property.
Have only coarse aggregate gap gradation framework dense structure bituminous concrete to have above-mentioned three good serviceabilities simultaneously.But coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete is framework dense structure not necessarily.Also not all high-grade highway asphalt concrete pavement all will be used framework dense structure coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete.In order to reduce investment outlay, some high-grade highway in the high-grade highway of severe cold area and other areas only requires that asphalt surface course has excellent waterproof damage capability and good cling property in the winter time, only requires that just coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete is closely knit, porosity is little.But coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete is compact structure not necessarily again.
Mineral aggregate gradation method of the present invention comprises three steps:
(1) determine the gradation curve of mineral aggregate of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete:
(1) will gather materials and be divided into coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and filler three parts;
(2) by requirement nominal maximum particle diameter screening coarse aggregate stand-by;
(3) screening fine aggregate: it is that the fine aggregate of 4.75mm～2.36mm, 2.36mm～1.18mm, 1.18mm～0.6mm, 0.6mm～0.3mm, 0.3mm～0.15mm, six grades of 0.15mm～0.075mm is stand-by that the fine aggregate building stones are sieved into particle diameter;
(4) primary election match ratio: equal 100% with mass percent primary election coarse aggregate rubble 60%～75%, fine aggregate building stones 20%～30%, 3%～10%, three kinds of aggregate content sums of filler;
(5) calculate the quality percentage that pass through of each sieve aperture rubble of coarse aggregate, the following general formula of foundation:
P di = A ( d i D max ) B
In the formula: P Di---certain screen size d iThroughput (%);
D Max---the actual maximum particle diameter of mineral aggregate, the i.e. screen size of a sieve (mm) above the nominal maximum particle diameter;
d i---certain screen size (mm);
A, B---undetermined coefficient.
With coarse aggregate nominal maximum particle diameter D Max.nThroughput be 90%～100% some percentage as first control point, be that 25%～40% some percentage is as second control point with coarse aggregate minimum grain size throughput; According to above-mentioned general formula D Max.nAs the d in the formula i, first control point is as the P in the formula DiSet up first equation; With the coarse aggregate minimum grain size as the d in the formula i, with coarse aggregate minimum grain size throughput, promptly second control point is as P in the general formula Di, set up second equation; Above-mentioned first equation and second equations simultaneousness are separated this simultaneous equations, can determine the coefficient A in the general formula, the value of B, obtain the power function equation of a definite coarse aggregate grating; The rubble that calculates from coarse aggregate nominal maximum particle diameter to each sieve aperture of coarse aggregate minimum grain size with this power function passes through quality percentage then;
(6) calculate the quality percentage that passes through of each sieve aperture building stones of fine aggregate: according to the general formula in the step (5), with the fine aggregate maximum particle diameter as the D in the general formula MaxAnd d i, fine aggregate maximum particle diameter throughput is that 25%～40% the percentage identical with second control point is as the P in the formula DiSet up first equation, with the fine aggregate minimum grain size as the d in the formula i, the some percentage between its throughput 3%～10%, i.e. the 3rd control point is as the P in the formula DiSet up second equation, can determine the coefficient A in the above-mentioned general formula, the value of B, obtain the power function equation of a definite fine aggregate grating; Calculate the quality percentage that passes through then from the fine aggregate maximum particle diameter to each sieve aperture fine aggregate of fine aggregate minimum grain size;
(7) coarse aggregate that above-mentioned steps (5) and (6) are calculated and the quality percentage that passes through of each sieve aperture building stones of fine aggregate are bonded together, and just draw the gradation curve of mineral aggregate of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete; The difference of adjacent two sieve aperture throughputs is certain grade stone shared quality percentage in whole mineral aggregates, and the throughput of the sieve aperture that diameter is identical with the fine aggregate minimum grain size is filler;
(2) preliminary test of coarse aggregate gap gradation framework dense structure bituminous concrete mineral aggregate gradation, that is: the porosity according to coarse aggregate deducts reservation porosity V aThe difference requirement that should equate with the volume sum of fine aggregate, filler and pitch, check and adjust fine aggregate and/or filler in the above-mentioned gradation curve of mineral aggregate; According to adjusted new match ratio, recomputate and the new corresponding gradation curve of mineral aggregate of match ratio with above-mentioned general formula;
(3) final inspection of coarse aggregate gap gradation framework dense structure bituminous concrete mineral aggregate gradation, that is: set by step (one) gradation curve of mineral aggregate of obtaining is prepared the mineral aggregate compound, the asphalt content P that determines when other adds step (two) preliminary test a, P a-(0.2%～0.3%) and P aThree kinds of asphalts of+(0.2%～0.3%) preparation carry out Marshall Test, measure the bulk density G of bituminous concrete test specimen Bs(g/cm3); Thereafter the porosity according to coarse aggregate in the mineral aggregate should add the porosity V that design requires reservation with the volume of fine aggregate, filler and pitch aFine aggregate and/or filler in the above-mentioned mineral aggregate are checked and are adjusted in the requirement that sum equates; According to adjusted new match ratio, recomputate and the new corresponding gradation curve of mineral aggregate of match ratio with above-mentioned general formula.
In addition, the framework dense structure method of inspection among step (two), (three) also can be used for simple compact structure check, as long as with the real porosity VCA of the dry-tamping in the step (two) DRCIncrease by 2%～3%, and last determining step only requires that the volume of bitumastic is big by 2%～3% than the porosity of coarse aggregate in the step (three), and keep to reserve porosity and be not less than 3%, just can make the mineral aggregate gradation of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete meet the requirement of simple compact structure.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. utilize mineral aggregate gradation method of the present invention, can calculate the coarse aggregate gap gradation easily, contain the gradation curve of mineral aggregate of many rubbles bituminous concrete, avoided determining with user's experience full the way of mineral aggregate gradation in the past.
2. utilize the framework dense structure of the present invention and two stage of the compact structure mineral aggregate gradation method of inspection, promptly use VCA DRCMethod is carried out preliminary test and VCA to raw material ACMethod is carried out final inspection to the bituminous concrete test specimen, both can make the bituminous concrete of used mineral aggregate gradation become framework dense structure or simple compact structure, satisfy the requirement of serviceability, can avoid the process of feeling one's way into again by a large amount of tests, reach save time, laborsaving, economize on the use of funds.
3. because same good mineral aggregate gradation when being used for the identical rock class with the different places of production of different rock class rubbles rubble, the key technical indexes value of bituminous concrete all can there were significant differences, therefore often needs to adjust mineral aggregate gradation.Mineral aggregate gradation method provided by the invention can make the user calculate the gradation curve of mineral aggregate that makes new advances easily; Inspection Method for Mineral Aggregate Grading provided by the invention can make the user check new mineral aggregate gradation whether to meet framework dense structure or simple compact structure easily.
4. can adjust asphalt content as required,, be adjusted to the bituminous concrete of rich pitch in the occasion of needs.
The specific embodiment
Coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate gradation method of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) determine the gradation curve of mineral aggregate of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete:
(1) will gather materials and be divided into three parts, promptly actual maximum particle diameter～4.75mm is a coarse aggregate, and 4.75mm～0.075mm is a fine aggregate, and＜0.075mm is a filler;
(2) by nominal maximum particle diameter screening coarse aggregate: with SAC30 is example, with coarse aggregate rubble screening, the coarse aggregate that is divided into grade and is 37.5mm～31.5mm, 31.5mm～26.5mm, 26.5mm～19mm, 19mm～16mm, 16mm～13.2mm, 13.2mm～9.5mm, seven grades of 9.5mm～4.75mm is stand-by; As be SAC16, then as long as four grade coarse aggregates of back; As be SAC10, then as long as two last grade coarse aggregates;
(3) screening fine aggregate: it is that the fine aggregate of 4.75mm～2.36mm, 2.36mm～1.18mm, 1.18mm～0.6mm, 0.6mm～0.3mm, 0.3mm～0.15mm, six grades of 0.15mm～0.075mm is stand-by that the fine aggregate building stones are sieved into particle diameter;
(4) choose charge ratio: choose coarse aggregate rubble 60%～75% with mass percent, choose fine aggregate building stones 20%～30%, choose filler 3%～10%.Three kinds of aggregate content sums equal 100%.
(5) calculate the quality percentage that pass through of each sieve aperture rubble of coarse aggregate, the following general formula of foundation:
P di = A ( d i D max ) B
In the formula: P Di---certain screen size d iThroughput (%);
D Max---the actual maximum particle diameter (mm) of mineral aggregate
d i---certain screen size (mm)
A, B---coefficient
With coarse aggregate nominal maximum particle diameter D Max.nThroughput be 90%～100% some percentage as first control point, be that 25%～40% some percentage is as second control point with coarse aggregate minimum grain size throughput; Use D Max.nAs the d in the above-mentioned general formula i, first control point is as the P in the general formula Di, set up first equation according to above-mentioned general formula; With coarse aggregate minimum grain size (4.75mm) as the d in the general formula i, with coarse aggregate minimum grain size throughput, promptly second control point is as P in the general formula Di, set up second equation according to above-mentioned general formula; Above-mentioned first equation and second equations simultaneousness are separated this simultaneous equations, can determine the coefficient A in the general formula, the value of B, with A, the above-mentioned general formula of B substitution and obtain the power function equation of a definite coarse aggregate grating; The rubble that calculates from coarse aggregate nominal maximum particle diameter to each sieve aperture of coarse aggregate minimum grain size with this power function passes through quality percentage then;
(6) calculate the quality percentage that passes through of each sieve aperture building stones of fine aggregate.According to the general formula in the step (4), (at this is D in the general formula with fine aggregate maximum particle diameter 4.75mm MaxWith the d in first equation i) number identical with calculating second control point that the coarse aggregate grating adopts of 25%～40% of its throughput be as the control point, i.e. P in the general formula DiSet up first equation; With fine aggregate minimum grain size 0.075mm as the d in the general formula i, a certain number between its throughput 3%～10% is as the 3rd control point, i.e. P in the general formula DiSet up second equation.Separate this simultaneous equations, determine the coefficient A in the above-mentioned general formula, the value of B, obtain the power function equation of each sieve aperture of calculating fine aggregate by quality percentage.Calculate the quality percentage that passes through of from 4.75mm to 0.075mm each sieve aperture fine aggregate with this power function equation.
(7) quality percentage that passes through of coarse aggregate, each sieve aperture building stones of fine aggregate and the filler that above-mentioned steps (5) and (6) are calculated is bonded together, and just obtains the gradation curve of mineral aggregate of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete;
The difference of adjacent two sieve aperture throughputs is certain grade stone shared quality percentage in whole mineral aggregates; 0.075mm the throughput of sieve aperture is filler.
(2) preliminary test of coarse aggregate gap gradation framework dense structure bituminous concrete mineral aggregate gradation.The preliminary test method of coarse aggregate gap gradation framework dense structure bituminous concrete mineral aggregate gradation of the present invention claims VCA DRCMethod, it is that the raw material that do not mix asphalt are carried out preliminary test, determines whether it is framework dense structure, and mineral aggregate gradation and the asphalt content (bitumen aggregate ratio) of further doing the asphalt test are provided.Preliminary test specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) determines the initial data of each grade mineral aggregate of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete: list the gradation curve of mineral aggregate that step () obtains, and calculate the percent content of each grade mineral aggregate from the coarse aggregate maximum particle diameter to filler; Density test by mineral aggregate obtains the bulk density G that each grade is gathered materials from the coarse aggregate maximum particle diameter to filler bApparent density G with filler Afi(g/cm3), obtain the density G of pitch by the asphalt density test a(g/cm3); Calculate and list the percent content P of coarse aggregate in the coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate Ca(%); The percent content P of fine aggregate Fa(%), the percent content P of filler Fi(%), initial setting bitumen content P a(%), require the porosity V of reservation in the bituminous concrete a(%); Calculate and list the bulk density G of coarse aggregate Bca(g/cm3) and the bulk density G of fine aggregate Bfa(g/cm3);
(2) coarse aggregate in the mineral aggregate is carried out the real test of dry-tamping, measure its dry-tamping real density GCA DRC(g/cm 3), calculate the real porosity VCA of its dry-tamping DRC(%);
(3) porosity according to coarse aggregate in the coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate deducts the porosity V that designing requirement is reserved aDifference equal the requirement of the volume sum of fine aggregate, filler and pitch, that is:
P ca GCA DRC × VCA DRC - V a 100 = P fa G b · fa + P fi G a · fi + P a G a
That calculates coarse aggregate respectively should have porosity (equal sign left side in the formula), the volume sum of fine aggregate, filler and pitch (equal sign right side);
(4) if the value in equal sign left side is greater than the value on equal sign right side in the following formula, the bitumastic that explanation is made up of fine aggregate, filler and pitch can not fill up the hole of coarse aggregate, the mineral aggregate gradation of this coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete can not form the framework compact shelf structure, the asphalt concrete pavement waterproof penetrating power of Gou Chenging is poor thus, easily form water destruct, should increase the content of fine aggregate and/or filler; Otherwise, if the value in equal sign left side is less than the value on equal sign right side, the hole that coarse aggregate is described can not hold the bitumastic of being made up of fine aggregate, filler and pitch, the skeleton structure of its formation will be strutted by bitumastic, even coarse aggregate is suspended in the bitumastic, the asphalt concrete pavement high temperature resistance permanent deformation ability of Gou Chenging thus should reduce the content of fine aggregate and/or filler; According to adjusted new match ratio, recomputate and the new corresponding gradation curve of mineral aggregate of match ratio with above-mentioned general formula.If the value in equal sign left side equals the value on equal sign right side, the bitumastic that explanation is made up of fine aggregate, filler and pitch just in time fills up the hole of coarse aggregate, the mineral aggregate gradation of this coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete can form framework dense structure, have anti-permanent deformation ability of good high-temperature and waterproof damage capability, adhere to specification.
(3) final inspection of coarse aggregate gap gradation framework dense structure bituminous concrete mineral aggregate gradation.The final test method of coarse aggregate gap gradation framework dense structure bituminous concrete mineral aggregate gradation of the present invention claims VCA ACMethod.It specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) determine the initial data of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate:
Initial data is removed and VCA DRCOutside method was identical, other added the bulk density G of whole mineral aggregates BmaWith apparent density G A.maCalculate the effective density G of mineral aggregate e
(2) do experiment and prepare the mineral aggregate compound by the gradation curve of mineral aggregate of the coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete that calculates, other adds and uses VCA DRCThe asphalt content P that determines during the method preliminary test a, P a-0.2%～0.3% and P aThree kinds of asphalts of+0.2%～0.3% preparation carry out Marshall Test.Measure the bulk density G of bituminous concrete test specimen Bs(g/cm 3);
(3) calculate master data G eThe porosity V of calculation testing piece bituminous concrete aMass M MA with mineral aggregate ACDeng:
MMA AC = G b · s ( 1 + P a )
The mass M CA of coarse aggregate AC,
MCA AC＝P ca·MMA AC
The mass M FA of fine aggregate AC,
MFA AC＝P fa·MMA AC
The mass M FI of filler AC,
MFI AC＝P fi·MMA AC
Mass M A with pitch AC
MA AC＝G b·s-MMA AC
(4) calculate the judgement data
The porosity VCA of coarse aggregate AC,
VCA AC = 1 - MCA AC G b · ca
The volume of fine aggregate , filler volume
Figure A20041004499400203
, pitch volume
Result of calculation should meet the following formula requirement:
VCA AC - V a = MFA AC G b · fa + MFI AC G a · fi + MA AC G a
In the formula: V a---need the porosity (air factor) of reservation in the bituminous concrete.
More than every calculating all in decimal.
The porosity of calculating coarse aggregate according to above-mentioned formula respectively deducts the porosity V that designing requirement is reserved aDifference, the volume sum of fine aggregate, filler and pitch;
(5) if judge the value of the value in following formula equal sign left side greater than the equal sign right side, the bitumastic that explanation is made up of fine aggregate, filler and pitch can not fill up the hole of coarse aggregate, the mineral aggregate gradation of this coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete can not form framework dense structure, the asphalt concrete pavement waterproof penetrating power of Gou Chenging is poor thus, form water destruct easily, should increase the content of fine aggregate and/or filler; Otherwise, if the value in equal sign left side is less than the value on equal sign right side, the hole that coarse aggregate is described can not hold the bitumastic of being made up of fine aggregate, filler and pitch, the skeleton structure of its formation will be strutted by bitumastic, even coarse aggregate is suspended in the bitumastic, the asphalt concrete pavement high temperature resistance permanent deformation ability of Gou Chenging should reduce fine aggregate and/or filer content thus.According to adjusted new match ratio, recomputate and the new corresponding gradation curve of mineral aggregate of match ratio with above-mentioned general formula.If the value in equal sign left side equals the value on equal sign right side, the bitumastic that explanation is made up of fine aggregate, filler and pitch just in time fills up the hole of coarse aggregate and the air factor of needs is arranged, the mineral aggregate gradation of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete can form framework dense structure, have anti-permanent deformation ability of good high-temperature and waterproof damage capability, adhere to specification.
(4) the preliminary test VCA of the simple compact structure bituminous concrete of coarse aggregate gap gradation of the present invention mineral aggregate gradation DRCMethod and final inspection VCA ACThe method of inspection of method and aforementioned framework dense structure is basic identical.Difference only is: use VCA DRCDuring method, the real porosity of dry-tamping is increased by 2%～3%; Use VCA ACThe time, only require in the last judgement that the volume of bitumastic is big by 2%～3% than the porosity of coarse aggregate, and keep to reserve porosity and be not less than 3%, just can make the mineral aggregate gradation of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete meet the requirement of simple compact structure.

Claims (14)

1. the grading method of a coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) determine the gradation curve of mineral aggregate of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete:
(1) will gather materials and be divided into coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and filler three parts;
(2) by requirement nominal maximum particle diameter screening coarse aggregate stand-by;
(3) screening fine aggregate: it is that the fine aggregate of 4.75mm～2.36mm, 2.36mm～1.18mm, 1.18mm～0.6mm, 0.6mm～0.3mm, 0.3mm～0.15mm, six grades of 0.15mm～0.075mm is stand-by that the fine aggregate building stones are sieved into particle diameter;
(4) primary election match ratio: equal 100% with mass percent primary election coarse aggregate rubble 60%～75%, fine aggregate building stones 20%～30%, 3%～10%, three kinds of aggregate content sums of filler;
(5) calculate the quality percentage that pass through of each sieve aperture rubble of coarse aggregate, the following general formula of foundation:
P di = A ( d i D max ) B
In the formula: P Di---certain screen size d iThroughput (%);
D Max---the actual maximum particle diameter of mineral aggregate, the i.e. screen size of a sieve (mm) above the nominal maximum particle diameter;
d i---certain screen size (mm);
A, B---undetermined coefficient;
With coarse aggregate nominal maximum particle diameter D Max.nThroughput be 90%～100% some percentage as first control point, be that 25%～40% some percentage is as second control point with coarse aggregate minimum grain size throughput; Use D Max.nAs the d in the above-mentioned general formula i, first control point is as the P in the general formula Di, set up first equation according to above-mentioned general formula; With the coarse aggregate minimum grain size as the d in the general formula i, with coarse aggregate minimum grain size throughput, promptly second control point is as P in the general formula Di, set up second equation according to above-mentioned general formula; Above-mentioned first equation and second equations simultaneousness are separated this simultaneous equations, can determine the coefficient A in the general formula, the value of B, with A, the above-mentioned general formula of B substitution and obtain the power function equation of a definite coarse aggregate grating; The rubble that calculates from coarse aggregate nominal maximum particle diameter to each sieve aperture of coarse aggregate minimum grain size with this power function passes through quality percentage then;
(6) calculate the quality percentage that passes through of each sieve aperture building stones of fine aggregate: with the fine aggregate maximum particle diameter as the D in the general formula MaxAnd d i, fine aggregate maximum particle diameter throughput is that 25%～40% the percentage identical with second control point is as the P in the formula Di, set up first equation according to the general formula in the step (5), with the fine aggregate minimum grain size as the d in the formula i, the some percentage between its throughput 3%～10%, i.e. the 3rd control point is as the P in the formula Di, set up second equation according to the general formula in the step (5), can determine the coefficient A in the above-mentioned general formula, the value of B, A, the above-mentioned general formula of B substitution are promptly obtained the power function equation of a definite fine aggregate grating; Calculate the quality percentage that passes through then from the fine aggregate maximum particle diameter to each sieve aperture fine aggregate of fine aggregate minimum grain size;
(7) coarse aggregate that above-mentioned steps (5) and (6) are calculated and the quality percentage that passes through of each sieve aperture building stones of fine aggregate are bonded together, and just draw the gradation curve of mineral aggregate of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete; The difference of adjacent two sieve aperture throughputs is certain grade stone shared quality percentage in whole mineral aggregates, and the throughput of the sieve aperture that diameter is identical with the fine aggregate minimum grain size is filler;
(2) preliminary test of coarse aggregate gap gradation framework dense structure bituminous concrete mineral aggregate gradation, that is: the porosity according to coarse aggregate deducts reservation porosity V aThe difference requirement that should equate with the volume sum of fine aggregate, filler and pitch, check and adjust fine aggregate and/or filler in the above-mentioned gradation curve of mineral aggregate; According to adjusted new match ratio, recomputate and the new corresponding gradation curve of mineral aggregate of match ratio with above-mentioned general formula;
(3) final inspection of coarse aggregate gap gradation framework dense structure bituminous concrete mineral aggregate gradation, that is: set by step (one) gradation curve of mineral aggregate of obtaining is prepared the mineral aggregate compound, the asphalt content P that determines when other adds step (two) preliminary test a, P a-(0.2%～0.3%) and P aThree kinds of asphalts of+(0.2%～0.3%) preparation carry out Marshall Test, measure the bulk density G of bituminous concrete test specimen Bs(g/cm3); Thereafter the porosity according to coarse aggregate in the mineral aggregate should add the porosity V that design requires reservation with the volume of fine aggregate, filler and pitch aFine aggregate and/or filler in the above-mentioned mineral aggregate are checked and are adjusted in the requirement that sum equates; According to adjusted new match ratio, recomputate and the new corresponding gradation curve of mineral aggregate of match ratio with above-mentioned general formula.
2. the grading method of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate according to claim 1 is characterized in that the preliminary test described in the step (two) specifically comprises the steps:
(1) determine the initial data of each grade mineral aggregate of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete:
List the gradation curve of mineral aggregate that step () obtains, and calculate the percent content of each grade mineral aggregate from the coarse aggregate maximum particle diameter to filler;
Density test by mineral aggregate obtains the bulk density G that each grade is gathered materials from the coarse aggregate maximum particle diameter to filler bApparent density G with filler A.fi(g/cm 3), test the density G that obtains pitch by asphalt density a(g/cm 3);
Calculate and list the percent content P of coarse aggregate in the coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate Ca(%); The percent content P of fine aggregate Fa(%), the percent content P of filler Fi(%), initial setting bitumen content P a(%), require the porosity V of reservation in the bituminous concrete a(%);
Calculate and list the bulk density G of coarse aggregate Bca(g/cm 3) and the bulk density G of fine aggregate Bfa(g/cm 3);
(2) coarse aggregate in the mineral aggregate is carried out the real test of dry-tamping, measure its dry-tamping real density GCA DRC(g/cm 3), calculate the real porosity VCA of its dry-tamping DRC(%);
(3) porosity according to coarse aggregate in the coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate deducts the porosity V that designing requirement is reserved aDifference equal the requirement of the volume sum of fine aggregate, filler and pitch, that is:
P ca GCA DRC × VCA DRC - V a 100 = P fa G b · fa + P fi G a · fi + P a G a
The porosity that should have of calculating coarse aggregate respectively is equal sign left side in the formula, and the volume sum of fine aggregate, filler and pitch is the equal sign right side;
(4) if the value in equal sign left side is greater than the value on equal sign right side in the following formula, should increase the content of fine aggregate and/or filler; Otherwise, if the value in equal sign left side less than the value on equal sign right side, should reduce the content of fine aggregate and/or filler; If the value in equal sign left side equals the value on equal sign right side, then meet the requirements.
3. the grading method of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the final inspection described in the step (three) specifically comprises the steps:
(1) determine the initial data of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate:
Initial data is except that identical with the preliminary test method, and other adds the bulk density G of whole mineral aggregates BmaWith apparent density G A.ma, calculate the effective density G of whole mineral aggregates e
(2) do experiment by the gradation curve of mineral aggregate preparation mineral aggregate compound of the coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete that calculates, the asphalt content P that other determines when adding with the check of preliminary test method a, P a-0.2%～0.3% and P aThree kinds of asphalts of+0.2%～0.3% preparation carry out Marshall Test, measure the bulk density G of bituminous concrete test specimen Bs(g/cm 3);
(3) calculate master data G eThe maximum theory density G of calculation testing piece bituminous concrete MmWith porosity V a, whole quality of mineral aggregates MMA AC = G b · s ( 1 - P a ) , The mass M CA of coarse aggregate AC=P CaMMA AC, fine aggregate mass M FA AC=P FaMMA AC, filler mass M FI AC=P FiMMA AC, and the mass M A of pitch AC=G Bs-MMA AC
(4) calculate the judgement data
The porosity of coarse aggregate VCA AC = 1 - MCA AC G b · ca
The volume of fine aggregate
Figure A2004100449940005C2
The volume of filler The volume of pitch
Result of calculation should meet the following formula requirement:
VCA AC - V a = MFA AC G b · fa + MFI AC G a · fi + MA AC G a
In the formula: V a---need the porosity of reservation in the bituminous concrete, i.e. air factor
More than every calculating all in decimal,
The porosity of calculating coarse aggregate according to above-mentioned formula respectively deducts the porosity V that designing requirement is reserved aDifference be the value in following formula equal sign left side; And the volume sum of fine aggregate, filler and pitch is the value on following formula equal sign right side;
(5) if judge the value of the value in following formula equal sign left side, should increase the content of fine aggregate and/or filler greater than the equal sign right side; Otherwise, if the value in equal sign left side should reduce fine aggregate and/or filer content less than the value on equal sign right side:, then meet the requirements if the value in equal sign left side equals the value on equal sign right side.
4. the grading method of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, three kinds of particle size range of gathering materials are respectively: the particle diameter of filler is less than 0.075mm, and fine aggregate is 0.075mm～4.75mm, and coarse aggregate is 4.75mm～actual maximum particle diameter.
5. the grading method of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, three kinds of particle size range of gathering materials are respectively: the particle diameter of filler is less than 0.075mm, and fine aggregate is 0.075mm～4.75mm, and coarse aggregate is 4.75mm～actual maximum particle diameter.
6. the grading method of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, adopt SAC30, with coarse aggregate rubble screening, the coarse aggregate that is divided into grade and is 37.5mm～31.5mm, 31.5mm～26.5mm, 26.5mm～19mm, 19mm～16mm, 16mm～13.2mm, 13.2mm～9.5mm, seven grades of 9.5mm～4.75mm is stand-by; When adopting SAC16, then as long as four grade coarse aggregates of back; When adopting SAC10, then as long as two last grade coarse aggregates.
7. the grading method of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, adopt SAC30, with coarse aggregate rubble screening, the coarse aggregate that is divided into grade and is 37.5mm～31.5mm, 31.5mm～26.5mm, 26.5mm～19mm, 19mm～16mm, 16mm～13.2mm, 13.2mm～9.5mm, seven grades of 9.5mm～4.75mm is stand-by; When adopting SAC16, then as long as four grade coarse aggregates of back; When adopting SAC10, then as long as two last grade coarse aggregates.
8. the grading method of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, adopt SAC30, with coarse aggregate rubble screening, the coarse aggregate that is divided into grade and is 37.5mm～31.5mm, 31.5mm～26.5mm, 26.5mm～19mm, 19mm～16mm, 16mm～13.2mm, 13.2mm～9.5mm, seven grades of 9.5mm～4.75mm is stand-by; When adopting SAC16, then as long as four grade coarse aggregates of back; When adopting SAC10, then as long as two last grade coarse aggregates.
9. the grading method of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, adopt SAC30, with coarse aggregate rubble screening, the coarse aggregate that is divided into grade and is 37.5mm～31.5mm, 31.5mm～26.5mm, 26.5mm～19mm, 19mm～16mm, 16mm～13.2mm, 13.2mm～9.5mm, seven grades of 9.5mm～4.75mm is stand-by; When adopting SAC16, then as long as four grade coarse aggregates of back; When adopting SAC10, then as long as two last grade coarse aggregates.
10. the grading method of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the framework dense structure method of inspection described in step (two), (three) also can be used for simple compact structure check, as long as with the real porosity VCA of the dry-tamping in the step (two) DRCIncrease by 2%～3%, and last determining step only requires that the volume of bitumastic is big by 2%～3% than the porosity of coarse aggregate in the step (three), and keep to reserve porosity and be not less than 3%, just can make the mineral aggregate gradation of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete meet the requirement of simple compact structure.
11. the grading method of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the framework dense structure method of inspection described in step (two), (three) also can be used for simple compact structure check, as long as with the real porosity VCA of the dry-tamping in the step (two) DRCIncrease by 2%～3%, and last determining step only requires that the volume of bitumastic is big by 2%～3% than the porosity of coarse aggregate in the step (three), and keep to reserve porosity and be not less than 3%, just can make the mineral aggregate gradation of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete meet the requirement of simple compact structure.
12. the grading method of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the framework dense structure method of inspection described in step (two), (three) also can be used for simple compact structure check, as long as with the real porosity VCA of the dry-tamping in the step (two) DRCIncrease by 2%～3%, and last determining step only requires that the volume of bitumastic is big by 2%～3% than the porosity of coarse aggregate in the step (three), and keep to reserve porosity and be not less than 3%, just can make the mineral aggregate gradation of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete meet the requirement of simple compact structure.
13. grading method according to the described coarse aggregate gap gradation of one of claim 5,7-9 bituminous concrete mineral aggregate, it is characterized in that, the framework dense structure method of inspection described in step (two), (three) also can be used for simple compact structure check, as long as with the real porosity VCA of the dry-tamping in the step (two) DRCIncrease by 2%～3%, and last determining step only requires that the volume of bitumastic is big by 2%～3% than the porosity of coarse aggregate in the step (three), and keep to reserve porosity and be not less than 3%, just can make the mineral aggregate gradation of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete meet the requirement of simple compact structure.
14. the grading method of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete mineral aggregate according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the framework dense structure method of inspection described in step (two), (three) also can be used for simple compact structure check, as long as with the real porosity VCA of the dry-tamping in the step (two) DRCIncrease by 2%～3%, and last determining step only requires that the volume of bitumastic is big by 2%～3% than the porosity of coarse aggregate in the step (three), and keep to reserve porosity and be not less than 3%, just can make the mineral aggregate gradation of coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous concrete meet the requirement of simple compact structure.
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