CN103526664B - Determining method suitable for mix proportion of asphalt mixture of heavy traffic road surfaces - Google Patents

Determining method suitable for mix proportion of asphalt mixture of heavy traffic road surfaces Download PDF

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CN103526664B
CN103526664B CN201310524807.0A CN201310524807A CN103526664B CN 103526664 B CN103526664 B CN 103526664B CN 201310524807 A CN201310524807 A CN 201310524807A CN 103526664 B CN103526664 B CN 103526664B
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aggregate
ratio
bituminous mixture
grating
bitumen
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CN103526664A (en
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李福建
韩君
陶红
周德洪
吴述祥
朱亚琴
丁莉娜
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Hunan Bao Li pitch company limited
Jiangsu Baoli Asphalt Co., Ltd.
Shaanxi Bao Li pitch company limited
Sichuan Bao Li pitch company limited
Xinjiang Bao Li pitch company limited
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Hunan Bao Li Pitch Co Ltd
Shaanxi Bao Li Pitch Co Ltd
Sichuan Bao Li Pitch Co Ltd
Xinjiang Bao Li Pitch Co Ltd
JIANGSU BAOLI ASPHALT CO Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a determining method suitable for the mix proportion of asphalt mixture of heavy traffic road surfaces. The determining method comprises the following steps of preparing raw materials, using a coarse aggregate dry tamping VCA testing method to determine the mass relative proportion of coarse aggregate in the asphalt mixture, using a Marshall tamping testing method to determine the content of coarse aggregate and the content of fine aggregate in the asphalt mixture, and using the tightest framework embedding and extruding state to determine the optimal asphalt-aggregate ratio of the asphalt mixture. Compared with general asphalt mixture, the compactness of the asphalt mixture manufactured in the determining method is improved obviously, the water seepage situation of the road surfaces can be effectively reduced, and water breakage of the road surfaces is reduced. Furthermore, the asphalt mixture has better high temperature resistance, and harm of tracks, bleeding and the like are reduced. Meanwhile, the using amount of asphalt is reduced, engineering investment cost is obviously reduced, and positive effects are brought to wider application of asphalt road surfaces inland.

Description

A kind of definite method that is applicable to the Bituminous Mixture Ratio on Heavy Traffic road surface
Technical field
The invention belongs to highway construction design field, relate to a kind of definite method of Bituminous Mixture Ratio, what this determined that method obtains is the bituminous mixture that is applicable to Heavy Traffic road surface.
Background technology
1) present situation of Heavy Traffic environment
Rapid growth along with national economy, the high-type highway building cause of China has obtained unprecedented development, from 1985-2012, the built speedway of China reaches 90,000 km, wherein major part completed in 20th century, and its projected life only have 15 years, only have 6-7 actual life.
The factor that affects current high-grade highway early damage is diversified, and one of them very important key factor is exactly the destructiveness that the heavy traffic environment in some section has aggravated flexible pavement.After Heavy Traffic typically refers to road and is open to traffic, accumulative total equivalent standard axle substantially exceeds mean level, the phenomenon of Pavement Performance decay extra normal development.In developed country, Heavy Traffic major embodiment is that shipping is to container, maximization, multiaxis future development; In China, Heavy Traffic common overrun and overload of take vehicle is feature.The impact that heavy duty causes flexible pavement is mainly to make road surface produce cracking and rut damage.
2) existing Asphalt Mixture Design principle and method
In general, Bitumen Mix Design is mainly to solve two aspect problems, the one, and the mineral aggregate gradation of bituminous mixture how preferably; The 2nd, the best bitumen aggregate ratio of how to confirm bituminous mixture.For the mineral aggregate of different quality and specifications, there is different optimum mineral aggregate gradations.But on the contrary in the research of bituminous mixture mineral aggregate gradation and application outside Present Domestic, given often grading limit necessarily, no matter be basalt, granite or limestone mineral aggregate, no matter be, adopt which kind of crumbling method, particle diameter specification, all according to this grading limit, carry out corresponding mix-design, this is obviously irrational.Theoretically, no matter be that in standard or in technical literature, given grading limit should be a kind of recommendatory parameter, be convenient to instruct further test in production practices, thereby optimize, apply reasonably, targetedly grating.Consider the complexity of mineral aggregate itself, also can not provide the unified rational gradation composition of bituminous mixture at present, be also unpractical in Practical Project, but can propose a kind of structure grating, the rational technological means of evaluation grating.
For many years, the mineral aggregate gradation that adopts maximal density the Theory Construction compound is a kind of generally technological means of application, from early stage Taylor's graduation curve, the K method of the former Soviet Union, the I method that Tongji University proposes, arrive nearly ten years, the graduation curve proposing in the existing Asphalt Pavement Construction Technique standard of SUPERPAVE graduation curve and China that the U.S. proposes all forms according to this Theory Construction, this is a kind of continuous type grating form, it is good that the bituminous mixture of this grating has construction workability, be easy to closely knit feature, the high-temperature stability of compound is not enough simultaneously, under Heavy Traffic environment, being easy to produce rut disease is also that it is significantly not enough.For this reason, recent two decades comes, and adopts particle interference theory to build coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous mixture, and the research that improves its high-temperature stability is in the ascendant with application.
The outer engineering circles of Present Domestic generally believes, adopt the compound mineral aggregate component law of coarse aggregate gap gradation, there is good pavement performance, particularly, at aspects such as high-temperature stability and low-temperature cracking-resistances, wherein typical coarse aggregate gap mixture has: stone mastic asphalt (SMA) and many rubbles bituminous concrete (SAC).But how to build this grating, definite method research of the match ratio that this grating bituminous mixture technical performance is evaluated is also weaker.For a kind of bituminous mixture, when wherein containing enough coarse aggregates, can form so-called cage construction, but in coarse aggregate, the ratio of various particle diameter mineral aggregates is different, and the mechanical property that causes final compound is had to larger difference.In addition, too high when compound content of coarse aggregate, easily cause the density of compound to reduce, thereby cause the water stability of compound to reduce, the durability of pavement performance is not enough.Therefore, the design for coarse aggregate gap gradation bituminous mixture is not only absolutely the content of simple raising coarse aggregate.
The current variation along with the traffic volume in road traffic, occur that multiaxis, solid axle carry, the heavy traffic feature of high wheel load, definite method of the match ratio of flexible pavement and bituminous mixture all faces new challenges, and definite method of existing Bituminous Mixture Ratio match ratio is difficult to adapt to the demand of current Heavy Traffic.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of definite method of the Bituminous Mixture Ratio for Heavy Traffic environment, for current exist in definite method of Heavy Traffic application Asphalt Mixture match ratio not enough and unreasonable, bituminous mixture is chosen to determining of best bitumen aggregate ratio from grating and design successively, summary of the invention comprises:
(1) with the tightst skeleton embedded squeezing state, determine the best bitumen aggregate ratio of bituminous mixture;
(2) by the real test method of coarse aggregate dry-tamping, determine in bituminous mixture quality relative scale between coarse aggregate;
(3) by indoor Marshall compaction test method, determine that bituminous mixture is thick, fine aggregate content;
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A definite method for the Bituminous Mixture Ratio of Heavy Traffic environment, comprises the steps:
1), prepare raw material, 2), determine in bituminous mixture quality relative scale between coarse aggregate, 3), determine that bituminous mixture is thick, fine aggregate content, and the best bitumen aggregate ratio of definite bituminous mixture;
Wherein, described step 1), for selecting modified bitumen as cementitious materials, is selected coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and breeze, and thick, fine aggregate separation is 4.75mm, the building stones that the nominal maximum aggregate size of described coarse aggregate is 13.2mm;
Described step 2) for first selecting two grades of coarse aggregates in bituminous mixture, be two grades of coarse aggregates of 9.5mm～13.2mm and 4.75mm～9.5mm, these two grades of coarse aggregates are designed to 6～10 groups of gratings according to quality relative scale 5～1:1～5, then each group grating is carried out to the real VCA test of coarse aggregate dry-tamping according to the < < highway engineering real VCA test method of T0309 coarse aggregate dry-tamping in testing regulation JTJ E42-2005 > > of gathering materials, get coarse aggregate quality relative scale corresponding to the real mineral aggregate void content of coarse aggregate dry-tamping minimum value as quality relative scale between coarse aggregate in bituminous mixture,
Described step 3) comprises following method step:
(1), in grating changes, keeping according to above-mentioned steps 2) quality relative scale between definite coarse aggregate is constant, change content thick in compound, fine aggregate, by changing the percent of pass of 4.75mm key sieve, realize, be specially the percent of pass of rule of thumb selecting 4～6 to take 3%～5% 4.75mm key sieve that is interval, according to design, need to determine the percent of pass numerical value of bituminous mixture nominal maximum aggregate size 13.2mm and these two key sieves of 0.075mm simultaneously, form thus 4～6 groups of gratings;
For each grating, by the percent of pass numerical value substitution formula 1 of definite 4.75mm and two key sieves of 0.075mm, calculate undetermined parameter a, b, determine the expression of formula 1, then adopt formula 1 expression to calculate under this grating percent of pass numerical value corresponding to each sieve aperture between cut-off point of the coarse and fine aggregate 4.75mm to 0.075mm sieve aperture; By the percent of pass numerical value substitution formula 2 of definite 4.75mm key sieve, above-mentioned steps 2) each self-corresponding parameter value of the quality relative scale between definite coarse aggregate is parameter A and B, calculate thus the percent of pass numerical value of 9.5mm sieve aperture under this grating, so far determine the concrete grating of respectively organizing bituminous mixture;
Y=ax b(formula 1)
In formula: y is the percent of pass that each fine aggregate sieve aperture is corresponding, x is the aperture (mm) of each fine aggregate sieve aperture, and a, b are undetermined parameter;
P 9.5 = P 4.75 &times; A + B A + B &times; 100 % (formula 2)
In formula: P 9.5for 9.5mm sieve aperture percent of pass; P 4.75for 4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass; The value of A and B is 9.5mm～13.2mm and two grades of each self-corresponding parameter values of coarse aggregate quality relative scale of 4.75mm～9.5mm;
For example: the compound of nominal maximum aggregate size 13.2mm, the percent of pass that discontinuous point 4.75mm percent of pass is set as 30%, 0.075mm is 6%, brings formula 1 into, calculates a=16.39; B=0.388.According to this power function, set up fine aggregate graduation curve, see the following form:
According to above-mentioned setting, 4.75mm percent of pass is 30%, i.e. P 4.75be 30%, suppose above-mentioned steps 2) definite coarse aggregate 9.5mm～13.2mm and two grades of rubble quality relative scales of 4.75mm～9.5mm are 3:1, i.e. A=3, B=1, substitution formula 2 can calculate learns that the percent of pass of 9.5mm sieve aperture is 47.5%, can determine thus the grating of coarse aggregate in bituminous mixture.
Concrete grating thick, fine aggregate obtained above is combined, so far obtain the grating of bituminous mixture.
(2), the concrete grating of respectively organizing bituminous mixture of determining according to above-mentioned steps (1), rule of thumb select 5～6 to take 0.3%～0.5% bitumen aggregate ratio that is interval, 3～6 test specimens of each bitumen aggregate ratio compacted under, then according to the Marshall compaction test method of T0702-2011 in < < highway engineering pitch and Asphalt Mixture Experiment rules > >, carry out Marshall compaction test, measure and respectively organize bulk density and the theoretical maximum relative density under each bitumen aggregate ratio of graded mixture,
(3), determine and in above-mentioned steps (2), respectively organize the best bitumen aggregate ratio of bituminous mixture corresponding to grating, calculate dry density, void in mineral aggregate VMA, the coarse aggregate void VCA of bituminous mixture mix, draw dry density, VMA, VCA mixand the conic section relation between bitumen aggregate ratio, chooses bitumen aggregate ratio OAC corresponding to void in mineral aggregate VMA minimum value 1, coarse aggregate void VCA mixthe bitumen aggregate ratio OAC that minimum value is corresponding 2and bitumen aggregate ratio OAC corresponding to the dry density maximum value of bituminous mixture 3three's average is as the best bitumen aggregate ratio OAC of this group grating bituminous mixture, that is: OAC=(OAC 1+ OAC 2+ OAC 3)/3;
(4), according to the relation of the sieve aperture percent of pass of the best bitumen aggregate ratio of bituminous mixture corresponding to each group grating 4.75mm sieve aperture corresponding with this group grating, data are carried out to conic fitting, ordinate is bitumen aggregate ratio, abscissa is 4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass, and getting extreme value of a function, to put corresponding ordinate be the best bitumen aggregate ratio of compound; The optimization grating that to get abscissa that extreme point is corresponding be bituminous mixture.
Above-mentioned definite method, the bulk density of described test specimen is measured by the method for sealing with wax.
Above-mentioned definite method, the maximum theory density of described test specimen is measured by vacuum method.
Compare with existing Bitumen Mix Design thinking, the main distinction of the present invention is:
1. with the tightst cage construction state, determine compound bitumen aggregate ratio:
Compound framework compact state mainly refers to the void content level of compound, in general, is the bituminous mixture of 13.2mm or 16mm for nominal maximum particle diameter, is dense state when void content is 3%～5%.For a certain level, fit under the condition of fixing Compaction Effort, compound can be increased to gradually a certain moment at bitumen aggregate ratio and reach the tightst skeleton state: before arriving this state, increase along with bitumen aggregate ratio, the adhesion stress of compound medium pitch strengthens gradually, and that inner frictional resistance between gathering materials and embedded squeezing power change is little.Further raising along with bitumen content, free pitch in compound starts to increase gradually, and the cage construction of compound is softened gradually, and ligancy is that coarse aggregate contact point starts to reduce gradually, coarse granule is tending towards released state, and the inner frictional resistance between gathering materials and embedded squeezing power significantly decline.Compound bulk strength also can obviously decline.So, compound is increased to and is about to softened state for the tightst skeleton state in bitumen content.
Therefore the parameter of weighing the compact state of compound is not bulk density, neither void content, and should be the percentage composition that the whole mineral aggregates of void in mineral aggregate VMA(compacting bitumen mixture specimen volume in addition accounts for test specimen cumulative volume, the abbreviation of Voids in Mineral Aggregate) or coarse aggregate void VCA mix(the percentage composition that refers to the coarse aggregate of aggregate diameter more than 4.75mm intergranular voidage under tamping state.）
According to < < highway engineering pitch and Asphalt Mixture Experiment rules > >, wherein compound mineral aggregate clearance rate VMA design formulas is as follows:
VMA = 1 - G m G m , s &times; 100 100 + &omega; 0 - - - ( 1 )
In formula: G m---the actual density of compound;
G m,s---the synthetic bulk density (mineral aggregate comprises coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, breeze) of whole mineral aggregates in compound;
ω 0---bitumen aggregate ratio in compound.
The coarse aggregate void VCA of compound mixdesign formulas is:
VCA mix = 1 - G m G b , ca &times; 100 100 + &omega; 0 &times; P ca &prime; - - - ( 2 )
In formula: G b, ca---the bulk density of coarse aggregate in compound;
P ' ca---the weight percent of coarse aggregate in mineral aggregate.
Compound dry density design formulas is:
G g , m = G m &times; 100 100 + &omega; 0 - - - ( 3 )
The synthetic bulk specific gravity G of coarse aggregate in mineral aggregate b, cadesign formulas is:
G b , ca = P 1 c + P 2 c + . . . . . . + P nc P 1 c &gamma; 1 c + P 2 c &gamma; 2 c + . . . . . . + P nc &gamma; nc - - - ( 4 )
In formula: P 1c.P ncthe ratio of------various coarse aggregates in aggregate mix proportion, %;
γ 1c. γ ncthe bulk specific gravity of-----corresponding various coarse aggregates to water.
Mine material mixture synthesizes bulk specific gravity G m,sdesign formulas is:
G m , s = P 1 + P 2 + . . . . . . + P n P 1 &gamma; 1 + P 2 &gamma; 2 + . . . . . . + P n &gamma; n - - - ( 5 )
In formula: P 1, P 2.P n------various coarse aggregates, fine aggregate, the breeze ratio (mass ratio) in aggregate mix proportion, itself and P sbe 100 poor with bitumen content, %;
γ 1, γ 2. γ n-----various coarse aggregates, fine aggregate, breeze are to the bulk specific gravity of water (breeze replaces with apparent relative density).
From formula (1)～(3), can find out, in compound, grating is fixed, and mineral aggregate (referring to thick, fine aggregate and breeze) is when kind is constant, the void in mineral aggregate VMA of compound, the coarse aggregate void VCA of compound mixwith these three parameters of compound dry density be all mixture bulk density G m,swith bitumen aggregate ratio ω 0function, when compound reaches compact state, the void in mineral aggregate of compound or coarse aggregate void are minimum, it is maximum that compound dry density reaches.The best bitumen aggregate ratio of determining the tightst cage construction state compound is exactly dry density, VMA or the VCA of binder matrix mixvariation characteristic is determined the best bitumen aggregate ratio of compound, rather than pursues merely compaction rate or the void content level of compound.
Calculate respectively the x value of three regression function extreme points, be corresponding best bitumen aggregate ratio point, extreme point corresponding to three parameters is consistent, generally gets the average of three result of calculations as the best bitumen aggregate ratio of compound.
The feature of definite method of match ratio of the present invention is to break away from the Design Mode of existing bitumen aggregate ratio, according to the feature of different mineral aggregates, different gradation, from mixture volume index and density index, consider respectively, with this, determine the most best bitumen aggregate ratio of rational compound.
2. by coarse aggregate quality relative scale corresponding to the real mineral aggregate void content minimum value of coarse aggregate dry-tamping, be used as in bituminous mixture quality relative scale between coarse aggregate:
Select rational coarse aggregate proportionate relationship, with embedded squeezing ability maximum or tamping state clearance percentage of coarse aggregates VCA dRCminimum is standard.The gradation composition of the cage construction of bituminous mixture and each particle diameter coarse aggregate is closely related.The design principle the present invention relates to is described as follows:
At nominal maximum aggregate size, be in 13.2mm bituminous mixture, what play cage construction is mainly the particle of 4.75mm～9.5mm and 9.5mm～13.2mm particle diameter, and the cage construction of the two formation directly affects the pavement performance of compound.Utilize Baise diabase coarse aggregate to carry out the real VCA test of dry-tamping, by adjusting 9.5mm～13.2mm and 4.75mm～9.5mm Stone content, study the impact of the two different proportion on coarse aggregate void, result of the test gathers as follows:
The different mineral aggregate mixture of table 1 composition and coarse aggregate void relation
According to the data of table 1, be depicted as accompanying drawing 1(VCA dRCwith coarse aggregate proportionate relationship), as can be seen from the figure, the real void content (VCA of coarse aggregate dry-tamping dRC) with rubble ratio, change and presented good correlation, with after conic fitting, coefficient R 2reached 0.9629, fully reacted the void content VCA that two kinds of Stone content ratio of inherent law: 9.5mm～13.2mm and 4.75mm～9.5mm directly affect the mixture of the two composition dRC, being embodied in the increase with small particle diameter particle (4.75mm～9.5mm) content, mixture void content reduces gradually, and when the two part by weight of 9.5mm～13.2mm and 4.75mm～9.5mm is 3:1 left and right, VCADRC reaches minimum value; When 4.75mm～9.5mm particle content continues to increase, VCA dRCstart to increase.
This be because, with the increase of 4.75mm～9.5mm granule content, mixture void content reduces gradually, but after its two ratio content surpasses 3:1, not only the void content of mixture no longer reduce, start on the contrary to increase.Therefore think when the two ratio is 3:1,4.75mm～9.5mm particle is substantially in being separated from each other state, and 9.5mm～13.2mm particles forms cage construction, and 4.75mm～9.5mm particle is mainly filled its skeleton internal voids; With the increase of 4.75mm～9.5mm particles content, this particles by take fill upper level inter-particle voids as main gradually to self contacting with each other as main transition, two kinds of particles start to produce mutual interference and the increase that causes void content.This phenomenon and Bitumen Mix Design are very similar: fine aggregate and breeze, pitch are filled coarse aggregate space, but there is a critical research on maximum utilized quantity in fine aggregate and bituminous cements, in the time of too much, will cause being separated from each other of coarse aggregate, destroyed the cage construction that coarse aggregate forms.
In the present invention; when two kinds of coarse aggregate mixture gap rates touch the bottom; mixture structure has very special meaning: in this mixture; mutual embedded squeezing due to the particle that gathers materials; under the effect of outer load; between two kinds of particles, produce powerful embedded squeezing power and frictional force; therefore; the a certain particle of not single dependence that gathers materials is born the effect of the most of compressive stress of mixture and shear stress load, but two kinds of particles are by the role who contacts, embedded squeezing is used for jointly completing the bituminous mixture load undertaker.
Grating in 13 type Bitumen Mix Design is selected to have played optimization function.The present invention selects the real void content of coarse aggregate dry-tamping coarse aggregate quality relative scale hour can significantly improve the mechanical property of heavy-duty traffic asphalt pavement compound as grating.
3. on the basis that compound density is evaluated with the tightst skeleton state bitumen aggregate ratio, choose reasonable is thick, fine aggregate content:
The formation of compound cage construction and the size of void content not only with coarse aggregate between quality relative scale relevant, coarse aggregate and the relative amount of fine aggregate in compound play an important role too simultaneously.The two plays key left and right to the formation of cage construction and cage construction filling aspect respectively.Design principle of the present invention is described as follows:
The Bituminous Mixture Ratio that is 13.2mm to nominal maximum aggregate size designs, first determine the quality relative scale between coarse aggregate, then in changing, grating keeps coarse aggregate 9.5mm～13.2mm and 4.75mm～9.5mm shelves rubble constant rate, change in compound thick, the content of fine aggregate, by changing the percent of pass of 4.75mm key sieve, realize, be specially the percent of pass of selecting 4～6 to take 3%～5% 4.75mm key sieve that is interval, for example 20%, 24%, 28%, 32%, 36%, 40%, according to design, need to determine the percent of pass numerical value of bituminous mixture nominal maximum aggregate size 13.2mm and these two key sieves of 0.075mm simultaneously, form thus 4～6 groups of gratings, then analyze the density of the bituminous mixture under the definite bitumen aggregate ratio of compound the tightst cage construction state of basis in grating changes, then on this basis preferably the best grating of density and bitumen aggregate ratio as Mixture Ratio optimizing design scheme.
Gather experimental data and draw out as compound density situation in accompanying drawing 2(different gradation situation) and accompanying drawing 3(4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass and best bitumen aggregate ratio between relation), as can be seen from the figure, variation along with 4.75mm percent of pass, best bitumen aggregate ratio presents the variation tendency that first reduces rear increase, between the best bitumen aggregate ratio of compound and 4.75mm percent of pass pass be:
y=0.0543x 2-0.4414x+6.0800
The 4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass that extreme point is corresponding is 36.2%, and corresponding compact state bitumen aggregate ratio is 5.19%, completes thus the optimization to mixture gradation and bitumen aggregate ratio.
Therefore first the present invention obtains the compaction behavior of compound under different content of coarse aggregate by laboratory test, thick, fine aggregate content has been carried out the most reasonably optimizing on the basis that takes into full account fine aggregate interference pattern.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention is based on the thought designing asphalt mixture grating of coarse aggregate gap gradation, bituminous mixture is chosen to determining of best bitumen aggregate ratio from grating to be redesigned successively: first by laboratory test, adopts the definite bituminous mixture of the real VCA test of coarse aggregate dry-tamping quality relative scale between coarse aggregate, the benefit of the method is when two kinds of coarse aggregate mixture gap rates touch the bottom, mixture structure has very special meaning: in this mixture, mutual embedded squeezing due to the particle that gathers materials, under the effect of outer load, between two kinds of particles, produce powerful embedded squeezing power and frictional force, therefore, the a certain particle of not single dependence that gathers materials is born the effect of the most of compressive stress of mixture and shear stress load, but two kinds of particles are by contact, embedded squeezing is used for jointly completing the bituminous mixture load undertaker's role, significantly improved the mechanical property of heavy-duty traffic asphalt pavement compound, grating in Bitumen Mix Design is selected to play obvious optimization function, then keep between coarse aggregate quality relative scale constant, change content thick in compound, fine aggregate, get many group gratings, rule of thumb select several groups of feasible bitumen aggregate ratios to mold test specimen, based on the tightst cage construction state, determine and respectively organize the best bitumen aggregate ratio of bituminous mixture corresponding to grating, then according to the relation of the sieve aperture percent of pass of the best bitumen aggregate ratio of bituminous mixture corresponding to each group grating 4.75mm sieve aperture corresponding with this group grating, finally obtain optimized grating and best bitumen aggregate ratio.In the process of whole definite Mixture Ratio, skeleton gap relation between coarse aggregate and the interference pattern of fine aggregate have been taken into full account, on this basis to slightly, fine aggregate content has been carried out maximum optimization, simultaneously, that selects determines that based on the tightst cage construction state Design Mode that definite method of the match ratio of best bitumen aggregate ratio broken away from existing bitumen aggregate ratio is by the method for Design Air Voids 4% definite best bitumen aggregate ratio, but according to different mineral aggregates, the feature of different gradation, from mixture volume index and density index, consider respectively, determine the most best bitumen aggregate ratio of rational compound.
The density of the bituminous mixture that the definite method by this Mixture Ratio makes has clear improvement compared with plain asphalt compound, can effectively reduce pavement seepage situation, reduce the generation of road surface water destruct, and this bituminous mixture has good high-temperature stability, pavement performance under its Heavy Traffic environment is significantly improved, can reduce rut, the generation of the diseases such as bellding, simultaneously, owing to having used best bitumen aggregate ratio, reduced asphalt content, significantly reduced construction investment cost, for promoting widely flexible pavement in China, played positive effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is VCA dRCwith coarse aggregate proportionate relationship figure;
Fig. 2 is compound density situation in different gradation situation;
Fig. 3 is the relation between 4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass and best bitumen aggregate ratio;
Fig. 4 is the relation of different mineral aggregate mixtures compositions and coarse aggregate void;
Fig. 5 is that bituminous mixture index is with bitumen aggregate ratio variation relation figure;
Fig. 6 is the relation of dry density and bitumen aggregate ratio;
Fig. 7 is the relation of the tightst cage construction state bitumen aggregate ratio and grating;
Fig. 8 is the relation of cleavage strength and grating;
Fig. 9 is the relation of Ratio of split strength (TSR) and each grating.
The specific embodiment
The Bituminous Mixture Ratio that is 13.2mm to nominal maximum aggregate size determines, deterministic process is as follows in detail:
The first, raw material are selected
The Bitumen Mix Design place of production that gathers materials used, specification, material are respectively: bar Zha Shan stock ground 0～3mm limestone Machine-made Sand; Stock ground, Baise 5～10mm diabase gravel, 10～15mm diabase gravel, breeze is produced by Liuzhou mineral powder plant.Pitch is precious drop board SBS modified bitumen.The method for sieving gathering materials in testing regulation > > JTGE42T0302-2005 by < < highway engineering, the diabase of different shelves is sieved, sieve into single grade of 9.5mm～13.2mm and 4.75mm～9.5mm, then press T0327-2005 method for sieving, each grade of limestone sieved, drying separation stand-by, thick, fine aggregate is 4.75mm.
The second, rationally determine in bituminous mixture quality relative scale between coarse aggregate;
The method for sieving that the coarse aggregate of the present invention's application has gathered materials in testing regulation > > by < < highway engineering sieves into single grade of 9.5mm～13.2mm and 4.75mm～9.5mm; Then coarse aggregate is tested by the < < highway engineering real VCA test method of dry-tamping in testing regulation > > (JTGE42T0309-2005) of gathering materials.In test, the quality relative scale of adjusting 9.5mm～13.2mm and two grades of coarse aggregates of 4.75mm～9.5mm is followed successively by 5:1,4:1,3:1,2:1,1:1,1:2,1:3, in addition by two kinds of real VCA of single coarse aggregate dry-tamping dRCmeasuring and calculating out, is finally calculated VCA in conjunction with coarse aggregate integral density in the same way dRC, result of the test gathers as follows:
The different mineral aggregate mixtures of table 2 form the relation with coarse aggregate void
According to the data of table 2, draw out the relation of the different mineral aggregate mixtures compositions of accompanying drawing 4(and coarse aggregate void), from accompanying drawing 4, can find out the real void content (VCA of coarse aggregate dry-tamping dRC) with rubble ratio, change and presented good correlation, with after conic fitting, coefficient R 2 has reached 0.9764, VCA dRCduring minimum value, the two proportionate relationship of 9.5mm～13.2mm and 4.75mm～9.5mm is 3:1.
Three, thick, the fine aggregate content in preferred compound;
In the present embodiment, coarse aggregate grating is 3:1 by the coarse aggregate 9.5mm～13.2mm after optimizing and the quality relative scale of 4.75mm～9.5mm shelves, keep between this coarse aggregate quality relative scale constant, change content thick in compound, fine aggregate, selecting respectively 4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass is 20%, 24%, 28%, 32%, 36%, 40%, according to design, need to determine the percent of pass numerical value of bituminous mixture nominal maximum aggregate size 13.2mm and these two key sieves of 0.075mm simultaneously, form thus 4～6 groups of gratings.Rule of thumb given to be spaced apart 5～6 different bitumen aggregate ratios of 0.3%～0.5% to every kind of grating, then according to the Marshall compaction test method of T0702-2011 in < < highway engineering pitch and Asphalt Mixture Experiment rules > >, carry out Marshall compaction test.
For the ease of understand in optimization gradation design below, to use with the tightst cage construction state, determine the method for the best bitumen aggregate ratio of compound, first the specific implementation method with regard to the method is exemplified below:
With the tightst cage construction state, determine compound bitumen aggregate ratio.
This method be take coarse aggregate 9.5mm～13.2mm and 4.75mm～9.5mm shelves rubble ratio as 1:3 is example, changes content thick in compound, fine aggregate, and Marshall volume index gathers as follows:
The volume index of table 3 compound (1:3)
According to result of the test, analyze the parameters relationships such as bitumen aggregate ratio and compound dry density, void in mineral aggregate and coarse aggregate void, draw bituminous mixture index as shown in Figure 5 with bitumen aggregate ratio variation relation figure, curve map obtains with conic fitting:
The pass of compound dry density and bitumen aggregate ratio is:
y=-0.0151x 2+0.1682x+1.9604 R 2=0.977
Coarse aggregate void (VCA mix) with the pass of bitumen aggregate ratio be::
y=0.332x 2-3.698x+56.88 R 2=0.977
Void in mineral aggregate (VMA) with the pass of bitumen aggregate ratio is:
y=0.530x 2-5.904x+31.16 R 2=0.977
In above three formulas, x represents bitumen aggregate ratio, and y represents dry density or respective volume parameter.According to the design formulas of conic section extreme value, can calculate respectively compound dry density when maximum, coarse aggregate void and void in mineral aggregate bitumen aggregate ratio hour.
When compound dry density is maximum, bitumen aggregate ratio ω maxgd=5.52%;
Compound coarse aggregate void hour, bitumen aggregate ratio ω minVCA=5.52%;
Compound mineral aggregate clearance rate hour, bitumen aggregate ratio ω minVMA=5.52%;
Best bitumen aggregate ratio under the compact state of compound is:
ω opt=average(ω maxgd,ω minVCA,ω minVMA)=5.52%
The result of the test judgement according to the present invention, the bitumen aggregate ratio of the tightst cage construction state of this compound under this grating is 5.52%.
2, optimize thick, the fine aggregate ratio in gradation design
For the Bitumen Mix Design of nominal maximum aggregate size 13.2mm, the present invention keeps coarse aggregate 9.5mm～13.2mm and 4.75mm～9.5mm shelves rubble constant rates (3:1) in grating changes, and changes content thick in compound, fine aggregate.Wherein, rule of thumb, determine that in coarse aggregate, 13.2mm sieve aperture percent of pass is that 100%, 0.075mm sieve aperture percent of pass is 7%, selecting successively 4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass is 24%, 28%, 32%, 36%, 40%, 44%, corresponds respectively to grating A, B, C, D, E, F in following table; For each grating, by the percent of pass numerical value substitution formula 1(y=ax of definite 4.75mm and two key sieves of 0.075mm b, in formula: y is the percent of pass that each fine aggregate sieve aperture is corresponding, x is the aperture (mm) of each fine aggregate sieve aperture, a, b are undetermined parameter; ), calculate undetermined parameter a, b, determine the expression of formula 1, then adopt formula 1 expression to calculate under this grating percent of pass numerical value corresponding to each sieve aperture between cut-off point of the coarse and fine aggregate 4.75mm to 0.075mm sieve aperture; By the percent of pass numerical value substitution formula 2 of definite 4.75mm key sieve ( in formula: P 9.5for 9.5mm sieve aperture percent of pass; P 4.75for 4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass; The value of A and B is 9.5mm～13.2mm and two grades of each self-corresponding parameter values of coarse aggregate quality relative scale of 4.75mm～9.5mm; ), above-mentioned steps 2) each self-corresponding parameter value of the quality relative scale between definite coarse aggregate is parameter A and B, calculate thus the percent of pass numerical value of 9.5mm sieve aperture under this grating, can determine that thus A, B, C, D, E, F respectively organize the concrete grating of bituminous mixture completely as follows:
Grating is selected in table 4 test
According to the concrete grating of respectively organizing bituminous mixture of determining above, according to experience bitumen aggregate ratio, get respectively 4%, 4.4%, 4.8%, 5.2%, 5.6%, 6%, 3～6 test specimens of each bitumen aggregate ratio compacted under, then carry out Marshall compaction test, in Marshall compaction test, marshall compaction number of times is 75 times.By after the test requirements document demoulding, marshal piece is measured to the bulk density of test specimen by the method for sealing with wax, with vacuum method, measure the maximum relative density of theory of test specimen, with this, obtain bulk density and the theoretical maximum relative density of respectively organizing under each bitumen aggregate ratio of graded mixture.
Then according to the tightst cage construction state, determine and respectively organize the best bitumen aggregate ratio of bituminous mixture corresponding to grating, calculate dry density, void in mineral aggregate VMA, the coarse aggregate void VCA of bituminous mixture mix, draw dry density, VMA, VCA mixand the conic section relation between bitumen aggregate ratio, chooses bitumen aggregate ratio OAC corresponding to void in mineral aggregate VMA minimum value 1, coarse aggregate void VCA mixthe bitumen aggregate ratio OAC that minimum value is corresponding 2and bitumen aggregate ratio OAC corresponding to the dry density maximum value of bituminous mixture 3three's average is as the best bitumen aggregate ratio OAC of this group grating bituminous mixture, that is: OAC=(OAC 1+ OAC 2+ OAC 3)/3; Now for ease of calculating, the dry density of only usining illustrates as example, dry density under each grating calculating and the relation between bitumen aggregate ratio are drawn if figure is as shown in accompanying drawing 6 (relation of dry density and bitumen aggregate ratio), iunction for curve in 6 with reference to the accompanying drawings, the tightst cage construction state bitumen aggregate ratio under different gradation is obtained, as shown in table 5 below:
The relation of table 5 the tightst cage construction state bitumen aggregate ratio and grating
4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass (%) 24 28 32 36 40 44
Best bitumen aggregate ratio (%) 5.66 5.48 5.26 5.07 5.31 5.37
according to the data in table 5, draw out the relation of accompanying drawing 7(the tightst cage construction state bitumen aggregate ratio and grating), from upper table 5 and accompanying drawing 7, can find out, each relation of organizing the sieve aperture percent of pass of the 4.75mm sieve aperture that the best bitumen aggregate ratio of bituminous mixture corresponding to grating is corresponding with this group grating is: along with the variation of 4.75mm percent of pass, best bitumen aggregate ratio presents the variation tendency that first reduces rear increase, data are carried out to conic fitting, ordinate is bitumen aggregate ratio, abscissa is 4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass, getting extreme value of a function, to put corresponding ordinate be the best bitumen aggregate ratio of compound, the optimization grating that to get abscissa that extreme point is corresponding be bituminous mixture, is specially
Between the best bitumen aggregate ratio of compound and 4.75mm percent of pass pass be:
y=0.0543x 2-0.4414x+6.0800 （5.1）
The 4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass that extreme point is corresponding is 36.2%, the best bitumen aggregate ratio of corresponding compound is 5.19%, so far complete the selection to the selection of mixture gradation and corresponding optimum bitumen aggregate ratio, be that optimum mixture gradation is the grating of 4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass while being 36.2%, corresponding optimum bitumen aggregate ratio is 5.19%.
Four, Asphalt Mixture Performance evaluation
The Asphalt Mixture that optimization of the present invention is obtained detects and mainly from mechanics, high-temperature stability, low-temperature cracking-resistance and water stability aspect, evaluates:
1, mechanical property test
Best bitumen aggregate ratio mixing bituminous mixture moulding marshal piece under each grating of determining by the present invention, carry out diametral compression test, and result of the test is listed in the table below 6.
Table 6 mechanical property test result
4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass (%) 24 28 32 36 40 44
Best bitumen aggregate ratio (%) 5.66 5.48 5.26 5.07 5.31 5.37
Test specimen average height (mm) 63.8 62.9 62.1 62.9 62.8 62.6
Test specimen loads maximum load (KN) 10.39 11.29 12.43 12.66 12.59 11.91
Splitting tensile strength (MPa) 1.024 1.128 1.258 1.265 1.262 1.195
In this test, splitting tensile strength has reacted the embedded squeezing ability of compound test specimen integral body to a certain extent, according to the data of table 6, draw the relation of accompanying drawing 8(cleavage strength and grating), as can be seen from Figure 8, for these 6 kinds of gratings, with the increase gradually of 4.75mm percent of pass, Split Tension Strength of Asphalt Mixes presents the variation tendency of first increases and then decreases, at percent of pass, be to reach maximum value between 36% and 40% time, compound embedded squeezing ability is the strongest.
2, high-temperature behavior test
For compound high temperature stability performance after checking testing program optimization of the present invention, the present invention selects equally the bituminous mixture after optimizing and the compound under other two kinds of gratings is carried out to contrast test.Shown in grating and bitumen aggregate ratio and bulk specific gravity are selected and are listed in the table below respectively:
Compound index after table 7 is optimized
4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass (%) 32 36.2 40
Best bitumen aggregate ratio (%) 5.26 5.19 5.30
Bulk specific gravity 2.5521 2.5514 2.5529
Press above-mentioned parameter, mold each three of three rut plate test specimens under grating, test,
Result is as follows:
Table 8 thimble test result
Can find out, for the high-temperature stability of three kinds of contrast gratings, dynamic stability index is arranged as follows by descending order: DS 36.2%>DS 32%>DS 40%; Relative deformation index is arranged as follows by descending order: α 40%> α 32%> α 36.2%.According to result of the test, can obtain drawing a conclusion: grating according to the tightst cage construction state determine compound high-temperature behavior dynamic stability all can meet be greater than 3000 times/more than mm, but bituminous mixture dynamic stability under different gradation and bitumen aggregate ratio differs greatly; The grating of optimal design and oilstone specific energy make compound high-temperature stability have larger dynamic stability and less relative deformation, can guarantee that compound has good high temperature stability performance.
3, cold performance test
For the compound cryogenic property situation after checking testing program optimization of the present invention, the present invention selects equally the bituminous mixture after optimizing and the compound under other two kinds of gratings is carried out to contrast test, and result of the test is in Table 9.
Table 9 compound cold performance test result
In Asphalt Mixture at Low Temperature bend test, bending stifiness modulus has reflected the low temperature rigidity of bituminous mixture to a certain extent, and its value is less shows that Thermal Crack of Asphalt is better.What maximal destruction flexural-tensile strain reflected is the low temperature flexibility of bituminous mixture.Flexural-tensile strain is larger, and the crack resistance at low-temperature of bituminous mixture is better.
Along with mixture gradation changes, the cryogenic property of compound presents certain regularity as can be seen from Table 9.The grating of flexural-tensile strain after optimization is issued to maximum value 5291 μ ε, and all decreases in both sides flexural-tensile strain; For bending stifiness modulus, present contrary rule, the grating after optimization is issued to minimum value 2378MPa.The demonstration of anti-low-temperature cracking result of the test, the compound flexural tensile strength after optimization and flexural-tensile strain are maximum value, corresponding bending stifiness modulus is minimum value.Can absolutely prove thus, the bituminous mixture obtaining by optimal design of the present invention has optimum crack resistance at low-temperature.
4, water stability test
This test is same adopts freeze thawing diametral compression test as the water stability testing of evaluating bituminous mixture, with freeze thawing circulation splitting tensile strength, is compared to evaluation index.
The comparison of test results of each grating bituminous mixture is as shown in table 10 below, and draws out accompanying drawing 9 according to the data of table 10:
The relation of table 10 Ratio of split strength (TSR) and each grating
4.75mm percent of pass 32% 36.20% 40%
Ratio of split strength (TSR) 95.47% 97.23% 89.41%
From accompanying drawing 9, can draw, the splitting tensile strength of the bituminous mixture under three kinds of gratings is than being arranged as by descending order: TSR 36.2%>TSR 32%>TSR 40%.
By result of the test, found out: by the bituminous mixture after optimal design, shown excellent anti-water damage property, splitting tensile strength ratio has reached 97.23%, bituminous mixture under other two kinds of gratings has also shown good water resistant damage capability, is respectively 95.47%, 89.41%.
The mechanical properties and performance the result to the bituminous mixture after optimizing to sum up, the compound after testing program optimal design of the present invention has shown excellent performance characteristics, and therefore the design for Mixture Ratio provides important evidence.
The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, and any variation of expecting without creative work or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain that claims were limited.

Claims (3)

1. a definite method that is applicable to the Bituminous Mixture Ratio on Heavy Traffic road surface, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1), prepare raw material, 2), determine in bituminous mixture quality relative scale between coarse aggregate, 3), determine that bituminous mixture is thick, fine aggregate content, and the best bitumen aggregate ratio of definite bituminous mixture;
Wherein, described step 1), for selecting modified bitumen as cementitious materials, is selected coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and breeze, and thick, fine aggregate separation is 4.75mm, and described coarse aggregate is that nominal maximum aggregate size is the building stones of 13.2mm;
Described step 2) for first selecting two grades of coarse aggregates in bituminous mixture, be two grades of coarse aggregates of 9.5mm～13.2mm and 4.75mm～9.5mm, these two grades of coarse aggregates are designed to 6～10 groups of gratings according to quality relative scale 5～1:1～5, then each group grating is carried out to the real VCA test of coarse aggregate dry-tamping according to the < < highway engineering real VCA test method of T0309 coarse aggregate dry-tamping in testing regulation JTJ E42-2005 > > of gathering materials, get coarse aggregate quality relative scale corresponding to the real mineral aggregate void content of coarse aggregate dry-tamping minimum value as quality relative scale between coarse aggregate in bituminous mixture,
Described step 3) comprises following method step:
(1), in grating changes, keeping according to above-mentioned steps 2) quality relative scale between definite coarse aggregate is constant, change content thick in compound, fine aggregate, select 4～6 percent of pass of take 3%～5% 4.75mm key sieve that is interval, according to design, need to determine the percent of pass numerical value of bituminous mixture nominal maximum aggregate size 13.2mm and these two key sieves of 0.075mm simultaneously, form thus 4～6 groups of gratings;
For each grating, by the percent of pass numerical value substitution formula 1 of definite 4.75mm and two key sieves of 0.075mm, calculate undetermined parameter a, b, determine the expression of formula 1, then adopt formula 1 expression to calculate under this grating percent of pass numerical value corresponding to each sieve aperture between cut-off point of the coarse and fine aggregate 4.75mm to 0.075mm sieve aperture; By the percent of pass numerical value substitution formula 2 of definite 4.75mm key sieve, above-mentioned steps 2) each self-corresponding parameter value of the quality relative scale between definite coarse aggregate is parameter A and B, calculate thus the percent of pass numerical value of 9.5mm sieve aperture under this grating, so far determine the concrete grating of respectively organizing bituminous mixture;
Y=ax b(formula 1)
In formula: y is the percent of pass that each fine aggregate sieve aperture is corresponding, x is the aperture (mm) of each fine aggregate sieve aperture, and a, b are undetermined parameter;
P 9.5 = P 4.75 &times; A + B A + B &times; 100 % (formula 2)
In formula: P 9.5for 9.5mm sieve aperture percent of pass; P 4.75for 4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass; The value of A and B is 9.5mm～13.2mm and two grades of each self-corresponding parameter values of coarse aggregate quality relative scale of 4.75mm～9.5mm;
(2) the concrete grating of respectively organizing bituminous mixture of, determining according to above-mentioned steps (1), select 5～6 to take 0.3%～0.5% be interval bitumen aggregate ratio, 3～6 test specimens of each bitumen aggregate ratio compacted under, then according to the Marshall compaction test method of T0702-2011 in < < highway engineering pitch and Asphalt Mixture Experiment rules > >, carry out Marshall compaction test, measure and respectively organize bulk density and the theoretical maximum relative density under each bitumen aggregate ratio of graded mixture;
(3), determine and in above-mentioned steps (2), respectively organize the best bitumen aggregate ratio of bituminous mixture corresponding to grating, calculate dry density, void in mineral aggregate VMA, the coarse aggregate void VCA of bituminous mixture mix, draw dry density, VMA, VCA mixand the conic section relation between bitumen aggregate ratio, chooses bitumen aggregate ratio OAC corresponding to void in mineral aggregate VMA minimum value 1, coarse aggregate void VCA mixthe bitumen aggregate ratio OAC that minimum value is corresponding 2and bitumen aggregate ratio OAC corresponding to the dry density maximum value of bituminous mixture 3three's average is as the best bitumen aggregate ratio OAC of this group grating bituminous mixture, that is: OAC=(OAC 1+ OAC 2+ OAC 3)/3;
(4), according to the relation of the sieve aperture percent of pass of the best bitumen aggregate ratio of bituminous mixture corresponding to each group grating 4.75mm sieve aperture corresponding with this group grating, data are carried out to conic fitting, ordinate is bitumen aggregate ratio, abscissa is 4.75mm sieve aperture percent of pass, and getting extreme value of a function, to put corresponding ordinate be the best bitumen aggregate ratio of compound; The optimization grating that to get abscissa that extreme point is corresponding be bituminous mixture.
2. the definite method that is applicable to the Bituminous Mixture Ratio on Heavy Traffic road surface according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the bulk density of described test specimen is measured by the method for sealing with wax.
3. the definite method that is applicable to the Bituminous Mixture Ratio on Heavy Traffic road surface according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the maximum theory density of described test specimen is measured by vacuum method.
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