CN1580735A - Insulation diagnosis method for electric appliance - Google Patents
Insulation diagnosis method for electric appliance Download PDFInfo
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- CN1580735A CN1580735A CNA2004100434543A CN200410043454A CN1580735A CN 1580735 A CN1580735 A CN 1580735A CN A2004100434543 A CNA2004100434543 A CN A2004100434543A CN 200410043454 A CN200410043454 A CN 200410043454A CN 1580735 A CN1580735 A CN 1580735A
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000037805 labour Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/008—Monitoring fouling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
- G01N25/22—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures
- G01N25/28—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures the rise in temperature of the gases resulting from combustion being measured directly
- G01N25/30—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures the rise in temperature of the gases resulting from combustion being measured directly using electric temperature-responsive elements
- G01N25/32—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures the rise in temperature of the gases resulting from combustion being measured directly using electric temperature-responsive elements using thermoelectric elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/002—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the work function voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/86—Signal analysis
- G01N30/8603—Signal analysis with integration or differentiation
- G01N2030/862—Other mathematical operations for data preprocessing
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Abstract
Provided is an insulation diagnostic method for an electric equipment allowing measurement without being affected by an external circumstance in the measurement, and capable of correcting an obtained diagnostic data to that in an optional environment. A diagnostic item, and a plurality of measuring items having a strong correlation with the diagnostic item are selected, the correlation between the diagnostic item and measured data are displayed by a correlation diagram, based on the diagnostic item collected from an insulation object sample and the measured data of the respective measuring items (S11), a characteristic diagram or characteristic expression indicating a relation between the diagnostic item and an external circumstance factor is prepared (S12), the diagnostic measured data measured the measuring item by the measuring item are expressed by one index, as to the measuring objective insulator for insulation diagnosis, a numerical value of the diagnostic item corresponding thereto is read out from the correlation diagram prepared preliminarily (S13), a relation between the read numerical value and the external circumstance factor is expressed by a characteristic curve using the characteristic diagram or characteristic expression, and a corrected value of the diagnostic item with an influence of the external circumstance factor taken into account is acquired thereby (S14).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to diagnose the method for the old aging performance degradation that causes of the used insulant of electrical equipment.
Background technology
Be subjected to the insulant that uses in the electrical equipments such as electric controller switching equipment old aging variation such as stress because of surrounding environment and electric aspect, mechanical aspects, method as diagnosis insulation of electrical installation rerum natura energy deterioration, known for example have, several different methods such as insulation measurement, measurement of partial discharge, leakage current measurement, decomposition gas measurement, tan δ measurement.By measuring method classification, then can enumerate and destroy object and the measurement that does not destroy object, make measuring appliance directly contact with non-ly directly contact the measurement of insulant, in measurement under the electric equipment operation state and the measurement under the halted state etc.From the suitable method of selecting this electrical equipment the best of diversified diagnostic method like this, the deterioration of diagnosing insulation thing.Concrete prior art as this insulation diagnosis, the method that has disclosed for example has and (refers to Patent Document 1: (the 2nd page in TOHKEMY 2003-9316 communique, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2)), have measure to constitute be subjected to electric controller switching equipment main circuit partly the solid insulating material of usefulness surface resistance or by partly going up the 1st step of the surface resistance of the sensor part that material that set solid insulating material is equal to forms with main circuit, according to will make the 2nd step of datum curve of the relation of itself and humidity as the surface resistivity measured value of parameter to each relative humidity that is subjected to the surface resistivity measurement environment that electric controller switching equipment time used or time that each is suitable with time used measures in advance, and utilize relatively and the method for the surface resistivity that the datum curve of the relation of humidity and the 1st step are measured is judged and is subjected to the life-span of electric controller switching equipment or the 3rd step of the residual life that calculating is subjected to electric controller switching equipment, and " relative humidity is that 80% o'clock surface resistivity is 10 to make life-span judgment threshold picture
9Ω " be fixed value like that.
Summary of the invention
In the existing insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method as described above, surface resistivity at the in-site measurement object that the diagnosis object electrical equipment is set, thereby situation about existing is: be subjected to the influence of the interference of external environment conditions such as humidity height for example during measurement easily, the reliable measuring data reduction.Though the curve correction measurement result of the relation of utilization and humidity, since low as the data reliability on basis, the problem that existence can not correctly be diagnosed.
In addition, in order to implement the such electrical measurement of surface resistivity at the scene, measuring operation needs dexterity and professional, the problem that exists no one to measure easily.
Fix owing to threshold value again, irrelevant with the type and the environment for use (impressed voltage etc.) of insulant, sometimes do not meet the live telecast of diagnosis object thing, and the using method of initial imagination and environmental baseline etc. change when big, it is not proper to produce before year number of this prescribed threshold of experience, otherwise or the year number use that surpasses regulation is also no problem.
The present invention finishes for solving above-mentioned problem, its objective is, a kind of insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method is provided, can measure at the scene easily, and the influence of external environment condition when not measured, and, improve diagnostic accuracy by comprehensive judgement worsening reason.
Another purpose of the present invention is, a kind of insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method is provided, and can obtain threshold value by logic, carries out high-precision life estimation objectively.
Insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method of the present invention, comprise following 4 steps: the 1st step, checkup item and a plurality of measurement projects relevant that the used insulant deterioration of selected diagnosis electrical equipment is used with this checkup item, under certain environment from the measurement data of brand-new product and insulant sample collection checkup item through making articles for use, under conventional environment, gather the measurement data of respectively measuring project, respectively measure the measurement data of project with MT method (being horse Mahalanobis-Ta Geqi systems approach) method with 1 index expression, and make the correlogram of the correlationship of the measurement data of representing this 1 index and checkup item; The 2nd step is prepared the performance plot or the characteristic type of expression checkup item and the relation of the external environmental factor that influences this checkup item; The 3rd step the measuring object of making insulation diagnosis is respectively measured the diagnosis measurement data of project survey with the MT method with 1 index expression, and the correlogram of making in advance reads the numerical value of the checkup item corresponding with this 1 index from described the 1st measuring process; The 4th step, with pre-prepd performance plot or characteristic type in the 2nd step, make the family curve of checkup item numerical value that expression the 3rd step obtains and the relation of external environmental factor, obtain the modified value of the checkup item on the insulation diagnosis time point of influence of consideration external factor; Wherein, utilize the degradation of this modified value diagnosing insulation thing.
Adopt the present invention, selected and checkup item has a plurality of measurement projects of correlationship, prepare expression illustrates the measured value of a plurality of measurement projects with 1 index the relevant correlogram of data and checkup item measured value in advance, and checkup item is subjected to the performance plot or the characteristic type of the influence of external factor, measure the measurement data of a plurality of measurement project gained with 1 index expression, according to this index, obtain the modified value of checkup item with correlogram and performance plot or characteristic type, and utilize this modified value to do the diagnosis of insulant deterioration, thereby can obtain diagnostic data under the certain environment of getting rid of the influence be subjected to external disturbance easily, can also obtain simultaneously the diagnostic data under any external environment condition, improve the precision of deterioration diagnosis.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of measurement project of the insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method of selected embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the cause-and-effect diagram of measurement project validity of judging the insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the correlogram of the correlativity of the sheet resistance value of insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method of embodiment 1 and Mahlaanobis distance.
Fig. 5 is the performance diagram of the relation of the humidity of insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method of embodiment 1 and sheet resistance value.
Fig. 6 is the key diagram that the family curve of the insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method of embodiment 1 utilizes method.
Fig. 7 is the life estimation figure that utilizes the insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method of embodiment 1 to obtain.
Fig. 8 is the figure of insulant electrical equivalent circuit of the insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method of embodiment 2.
Symbol description
1 ... conductive part
2 ... conductive part
3 ... insulant
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present invention is in the diagnosis of insulation of electrical installation deterioration, the type of consideration diagnosis object thing, external environment condition (temperature, humidity, external disturbance etc.) etc., the decision checkup item, selected big and can not be subjected to a plurality of measurement projects of external action easily at the scene with short time measurement with this checkup item degree of correlation, measurement result according to these projects is comprehensively judged, carry out deterioration diagnosis accurately, and then, estimate " life-span " or " residual life " with the threshold value that logically derives.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of step that the insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method of embodiment 1 is shown.The step of invention is described according to Fig. 1 below.
At first, as the 1st step, the checkup item that the insulating property deterioration of selected judgement diagnosis object electrical equipment is used, and selected and the close a plurality of measurement projects of this project correlationship.
Use the reason of checkup item and a plurality of measurement projects in the simple declaration insulation diagnosis.The deterioration of insulant is greatly different because of type, environment for use, the external environment condition of insulant.Therefore, as the checkup item that matches with this insulant, if electrical measurement for example, then from projects such as " shelf depreciation ", " surface resistance ", " tan δ ", " leakage current ", select bestly, measure these projects at the scene and do not allow to be subject to the external disturbance influence.So, gather a plurality of or worsening reason of this checkup item or correlativity closely and the project that can measure at the scene easily, with it as the measurement project.For example, " shelf depreciation " during as checkup item, selected as " gloss ", " surface corrosion degree ", " decomposition gas amount " as the measurement project.By the selected measurement project of direct measurement, synthetically judge former checkup item indirectly and from a plurality of projects.
Then, prepare the brand-new product of the identical insulant of insulant a plurality of and the measuring object electrical equipment and through making the insulant sample of articles for use (for example user use all the year round deterioration product).(for example 20 ℃ of temperature, humidity are below 50% at certain environment from these insulant sample collections.These are called reference atmosphere) under checkup item is carried out measurement data measured.Simultaneously, from this sample each measurement project is gathered measurement data.Then, horse Mahalanobis-Ta Geqi systems approach (hereinafter referred is the MT method) that each sample is known with the quality engineering field, each measurement data of measuring project is expressed as 1 index (Mahlaanobis distance), the correlogram of making the correlationship of representing this 1 index and checkup item measurement result is (with reference to figure 4, the back describes in detail), thus the principal curve (S11) of representing correlationship with 1 line obtained.In this correlogram, the transverse axis numerical value of expression checkup item value is the value in the reference atmosphere.
Then, as the 2nd step, prepare and make expression checkup item and performance plot (, hereinafter describing in detail) or characteristic type (S12) with reference to figure 5 to the relation of the external environmental factor of its influence.When the external environmental factor here is meant acquisition of diagnostic project data in the step 1 as the environment project of reference atmosphere.In above-mentioned example, be meant temperature and humidity.But each all makes performance plot to a plurality of checkup items a plurality of external environmental factors, needs a large amount of labours, if thereby can stipulate to influence king-sized external environmental factor (for example humidity), then only check the relation with this factor, just enough in the practicality.
The method for making of performance plot is: prepare a plurality of insulant samples (can be different with the insulant sample of step 1), utilize accelerated deterioration to make the different sample of degradation, each of these samples with external environmental factor as parameter, measure checkup item, and for example be expressed as that transverse axis is the size of external environmental factor to measurement result, the longitudinal axis is the curve of checkup item measured value.Like this, just can obtain the different checkup item of degradation with many family curves of external factor as parameter.
Also can in advance family curve be represented with mathematical formulae, and use this formula to make family curve (back explanation object lesson).
Above the 1st step to the 2 steps are preprepared preparation works before the diagnosis of field diagnostic object insulation of electrical installation.
The 3rd step then is described.This step and measurement and the diagnosis operation used for the insulation diagnosis in the physical device thereafter.At first, each measurement project measurement data that the measuring object insulant acquisition of diagnostic of diagnosis object electrical equipment is used.Though gather, under power down mode, directly measure insulant usually, or extract sample, and measure this sample from insulant according to the measurement project.With the MT method with measurement result as 1 index.Then, with the principal curve of the correlogram of making in above-mentioned the 1st step, read the numerical value (S13) of the checkup item corresponding with 1 index.The numerical value such as the front of the checkup item that reads here are illustrated, are the values under the reference atmosphere, thereby the influence of the external factor at scene when not measured, and can obtain the measurement result under the certain environment.
Then, as the 4th step, with performance plot of making in the 2nd step or characteristic type, make the family curve of the relation of expression external environmental factor and checkup item according to the numerical value (value in the reference atmosphere) of the checkup item that obtains in the 3rd step, the back illustrates concrete method for making.
This family curve is with the family curve of the checkup item external environmental factor on the in-site measurement time point (for example humidity) as parameter.Therefore, for example external factor is a humidity, and then from then on family curve reads the value (S15) of whole checkup items of humidity 0% to 100%.
Below adopt the 1st to the 4th step like that,, thereby can many-sidedly judge checkup item then according to judging with the close a plurality of measurement projects of checkup item correlationship; Owing to obtaining, irrelevant again with the external environmental factor on the Measuring Time point with the family curve of external environmental factor as the checkup item value of parameter, so can obtain and any corresponding checkup item value of external environment condition value, accurately grasp the insulant deterioration state.
Again, the following describes according to above result, high precision is carried out the method for life diagnosis.At first, prepare the life estimation figure of the correlationship of an expression checkup item and a use year number (through counting over the years), initial value (the value during promptly brand-new product of drawing checkup item, the value of measuring in available the 1st step) and the checkup item value on the Measuring Time point that obtains of the 4th step, connect this 2 point, as the degradation trend line, and according to the intersection point life expectancy (S15) of this line with the line of the corresponding threshold value of obtaining in advance of checkup item.Promptly the time point from brand-new product is the life-span to the warp of intersection point number over the years, and the warp number over the years of Measuring Time being put intersection point is estimated as residual life (with reference to figure 7, the back describes in detail).
As the above, utilize the method, the checkup item life expectancy of any external environment condition value on the then available Measuring Time point, thereby can predict the life estimation of various external environment conditions.
Then, it is example that the situation that is subjected in the electric controller switching equipment insulation diagnosis to use above-described insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method is lifted, and concrete diagnostic method is described.
Be subjected to the main kind of the insulant that electric controller switching equipment uses to be vibrin insulant, epoxy resins insulation thing, phenolics insulant etc.Process as these insulant deteriorations, its progress mode that studies show that in recent years is: the insulant surface is stained → moisture absorption → insulation resistance reduces, and the line mark discharge (shelf depreciation) that the surperficial carbonization of the dry zone that leakage current increasing → formation Joule heat causes (the little dry gap that the insulant surface forms when soaking state) → generation flicker discharge (along the face fine discharge) → take place causes also develops → develop into comprehensive destruction.Therefore as can be known, as the deterioration checkup item, measure the insulant surface resistance and judge it is effective.
At first, as the 1st step, selected checkup item and measurement project.Checkup item is above-mentioned to insulant deterioration judgement effective " insulant sheet resistance value ".Yet the such electrical measurement of sheet resistance value is subjected to the influence of external environment condition interference such as humidity easily, when for example identical insulant degradation is identical, if the humidity difference also has the above measuring error of maximum 5 figure places.Therefore directly to measure the disturbing effect that is subjected to external environment condition little and be the worsening reason of the factor of surface resistance variation in decision, also consider simultaneously the convenience measured at the scene, thereby the measurement project " ionic weight " of the close chemical aspect of selected and surface resistance correlationship, " aberration gloss amount " are as the measurement project.As the kind of ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, chlorion, sodion, fluorine ion etc. are arranged.About aberration, color (luminance brightness), color (Huang) etc. are arranged.When knowing the level of intimate with the correlationship of measuring object insulant in advance, as long as suitably select, but the present embodiment profit is in the following method from projects refinement optimum measurement project.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram from the selected measurement project of candidate measurement project, and Fig. 3 is a cause-and-effect diagram of judging measurement project validity.Describe below with reference to this figure.Among Fig. 2, at first,, select 15 (S21) such as color, gloss, composition (hydrocarbon etc.), ion adhesion amounts as estimating a plurality of candidates measurement projects relevant with the sheet resistance value of checkup item.What list on the transverse axis of Fig. 3 is that candidate is measured project.
Then, use the insulant sample, when utilizing the MT method will use this project to this each project and the effect degree (validity) when not using be expressed as SN than (S22).Among Fig. 3,, for " having ", when not using be " nothing " expression SN ratio on the longitudinal axis when using this project in the diagnosis for each candidate project.Turn right as can be known and subtract each other, its difference is big more, and the effect when " having " is remarkable more.
Then get rid of invalid candidate and measure project, further the more significant project of extraction effect from effective candidate measurement project is chosen to be measurement project (S23) with it.According to Fig. 3, extract SN than 3 projects such as high color (Huang), nitrate ion and sulfate ions, it is chosen to be the measurement project.
Confirm correlativity by selected measurement project, when correlativity is insufficient, enumerates other candidate and measure project, implement the operation of S21～S23 once more.Certainly, also available from this SN ratio judgement validity except that above-mentioned example, measure the method for project to search candidate.
Adopt above-mentioned operation, have the measurement project of to extract objectively, find out the effect of main deterioration factor simultaneously according to SN ratio decision measurement project.
Then, prepare to be different from a plurality of service times the insulant brand-new product identical with the measuring object insulant through making the insulant sample of articles for use, and from 3 projects such as these sample measurement colors (Huang), nitrate ion amount and sulfate ion amounts.Color is decided yellow concentration with for example simple and easy pigment instrumentation.Each ionic weight is measured the ion concentration that is replicated on the ion test paper with for example ion test paper and high sensitivity baffled photometer, and color and ionic weight are influenced by temperature and humidity hardly, thereby can measure at normal temperatures.Then,, but, utilize and for example mask the interference shielding chamber that external environment condition is disturbed, measure down at 20 ℃ of temperature, humidity 50% such certain environment (reference atmosphere) because sheet resistance value is subjected to humidity effect big with sample measurement sheet resistance value same as described above.Then, with the MT method color and two kinds of ionic weights of above-mentioned measurement are obtained as 1 index (Mahlaanobis distance), and be expressed as correlogram shown in Figure 4, the correlativity of sheet resistance value and Mahlaanobis distance is shown, obtain principal curve.Among Fig. 4, the brand-new product of bottom-right a plurality of expressions, Mahlaanobis distance is far away more, and is big more with the difference of brand-new product, and the expression deterioration is progress more.If know Mahlaanobis distance, just can know sheet resistance value from principal curve.Here the sheet resistance value of Huo Deing is the value in the reference atmosphere.
Then, as the 2nd step, the operation of carrying out is used to search humidity as the influence of external environment condition to sheet resistance value, promptly searches the relation of surface resistance and humidity.Even the deterioration product that sheet resistance value is identical, also great changes have taken place because of humidity for sheet resistance value.Color, ionic weight during as the project of measurement, are not too seen Temperature Influence, thereby do not considered temperature.
At first, prepare a plurality of insulant samples.At room temperature change the time, be exposed to the samples dried in the steam of aqueous solution of nitric acid for example in 1 day, 2 days after, under 20 ℃ of conditions, classification changes humidity, from 5%～95%, measures the sheet resistance value of each time point in environmental chamber.Fig. 5 is the performance diagram of the relation of expression humidity and sheet resistance value.Among this figure, what dotted line was represented is the curve that obtains from measurement result, and the measurement result of drawing makes its smooth connection.A represents the curve of brand-new product, and B, C, D, E etc. are the family curve of the curve insulant that degradation is high of below more.Obviously, deterioration is developed more, the easy more humidity effect that is subjected to.
In the characteristic making, prepare the different sample of many degradations, then can obtain many different curves of degradation, become very meticulous performance diagram, but the sample number is many, need be used for plenty of time and labour that image data is used.Therefore, if this curve can be expressed with mathematical formulae, then which type of sheet resistance value can both be carried out the humidity correction easily.The family curve of measuring gained as shown in Figure 5, the part of similar normal distribution curve is carried out the gauss of distribution function match to this curve, has opened the 2003-9316 communique the spy and has disclosed the formulistic technology of using Gaussian distribution curve.Therefore, the solid line of Fig. 5 illustrates the family curve to utilize this technology to describe by the characteristic type of gauss of distribution function formulism.A～e is the curve of obtaining from characteristic type from the family curve A～E corresponding to the actual measurement gained.Utilize this characteristic type,, just can describe family curve, thereby can read the sheet resistance value of moisture easily if know 1 point of the sheet resistance value of determining humidity.
So far step is the preparation work before the actual diagnosis.
Then, as the 3rd step,, implement the measurement of 3 projects such as color (Huang), nitrate ion amount and sulfate ion amount from the surface sediment thing of measuring object insulant at the scene that is subjected to electric controller switching equipment that diagnosis object is set.Color utilizes the concentration of simple and easy pigment instrumentation amount yellow.Each ionic weight for example is replicated in the concentration of the ion on the ion test paper with ion test paper and the measurement of high sensitivity baffled photometer.Turn color and the 2 kinds of ionic weights that record into 1 index (Mahlaanobis distance) with the MT method.Then, the principal curve of the correlogram of preparing from the 1st step reads the pairing sheet resistance value of Mahlaanobis distance.This resistance value is the value under humidity 50% condition.That is, utilize step hereto, can obtain the sheet resistance value of 20 ℃ of temperature, humidity 50% at the scene from the measuring object insulant, irrelevant with measuring condition.Therefore, when diagnosing degradation trend according to the measurement result of pressing the time sequence measuring, the result that the utilization of energy former state is measured needn't revise.
Then, as the 4th step, carry out the humidity correction.Fig. 6 is that family curve utilizes the method key diagram.The sheet resistance value that obtains from correlogram in above-mentioned the 3rd step of on the line of the humidity 50% of this figure, drawing (some P).When utilizing pre-prepd family curve, attached on the curve, this curve is exactly the surface resistance of the insulant measured and the relation curve of humidity as fruit dot P.On the curve during non-cohesive some P, can make curve again according to the distance of the last lower curve of a P by a P.
Utilize above-mentioned characteristic type, just needn't prepare performance plot in advance, can describe curve according to the characteristic type of gauss of distribution function according to the sheet resistance value of a P.The humidity that this curve becomes the sheet resistance value of gained in the measurement relies on curve.Shown in the thick arrow among the figure was No.1, the sheet resistance value of establishing under humidity 50% condition was 11 (log ρ Ω), then can be according to this numerical value, utilize formula try to achieve bold curve such with relation curve humidity.Therefore, the sheet resistance value the during measurement under the moisture as can be known.
Then, according to The above results life expectancy.Fig. 7 is the life estimation figure of the insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method of present embodiment.Life estimation figure is produced as follows.Making the longitudinal axis is sheet resistance value (being taken as logarithmically calibrated scale), and transverse axis is for using year (through over the years), and the insulating resistance value (some first) when drawing brand-new product on the longitudinal axis of left end.Then, draw sheet resistance value (some second) under humidity 50% condition that from correlogram, reads in above-mentioned the 3rd step.The family curve that obtains from above-mentioned the 4th step is obtained as the value under the moisture of the benchmark of life expectancy again, and draw (point third).Point second always be value under humidity 50% condition, thus for example with other Measuring Time point on the value comparison, under situations such as the trend of checking, can make the certain diagnosis that has nothing to do with weather etc.The value of point third when for example being humidity 100% is then in life-span that the strictest condition judges and illustrates later.When usually, in fact being taken as intermittent drizzles in the rainy season and the humidity during typhoon.Then, draw the straight line of tie point first and point third, this line just becomes the degradation trend line of measuring object insulant.
When regularly carrying out life estimation, draw, just can check the degradation trend of realistic situation the result of last time degradation trend line as starting point.
Then, with transverse axis the threshold value of the predefined sheet resistance value of drawing, with life expectancy.Threshold value can decide according to for example regulation, or derives from the bygone example, or is calculated and obtained by the formula of obtaining in the embodiment 2 that illustrates later.The line of this threshold value and the intersection point of degradation trend line (some fourth) are estimated as the life-span in pairing use year.Therefore, the warp of the point that draws from the life-span to the Measuring Time is over the years, just can obtain the estimation residual life.Among Fig. 7, the degradation trend line sharply descends on a fourth right side, and its reason is that deterioration fast development after this point causes the probability of earthing, short circuit to be increased sharply.
In sum, the present invention according to embodiment 1, diagnostic data in the certain environment of the influence that energy acquisition eliminating external environment condition is disturbed, obtain simultaneously the family curve of external environmental factor as the checkup item value of parameter, and it is irrelevant with the external environmental factor of Measuring Time point, thereby can obtain any external environment condition and be worth pairing measurement item value, accurately grasp the insulant deterioration state.
Again, utilization is judged with a plurality of measurement projects that checkup item has the selection of correlationship, thereby the many-sided judgement of energy checkup item, makes the measuring accuracy raising.
Again, utilize measurement result during life expectancy, can utilize the checkup item of any external environment condition value, thereby can predict the life estimation of various external environment conditions.
And, in order to obtain the modified value of external environmental factor as parameter can be utilized characteristic type from measurement result, the external environmental factor of making measurement result easily relies on curve.
The insulation of electrical installation thing diagnostic method of embodiment 2 is characterized in that the threshold value when obtaining life estimation in theory.Obtain measurement numerical value from the insulant of diagnosis object electrical equipment, use correlogram to read sheet resistance value, obtain humidity by fair curve and rely on curve, obtain the degradation trend line from life estimation figure, with life expectancy.So far, identical with embodiment 1, thereby detailed.Threshold value in this example is obtained in accordance with the following methods.
Fig. 8 is the electrical equivalent circuit figure of the insulation of electrical installation thing of the invention process form 2.As shown in the drawing, between conductive part 1 and the conductive part 2, for example insulant 3 of epoxy resin injection moulded products composition is set, support conductive part, and make its insulation.The insulant shape of using in the electrical equipment is varied, and this figure illustrates by pattern in order to illustrate.Symbol in the key diagram of back.
Then, the threshold operation method is described.The insulation creepage distance that makes insulant 3 is L, and the impressed voltage between the conductive part 1,2 is V.The static capacity of the per unit length of insulant 3 is C1～Cn, and surface resistance is R1～Rn.For strictness, also need to consider the insulation resistance R of the inside of insulant 3, but under the situation of mains frequency (50/60Hz), in the impedance of insulant 3 electric capacity occupy ascendancy (R＞＞1/C, wherein C is the electric capacity of insulant 3 total lengths), thereby can ignore.
Here, to insulant 3 deteriorations and the process till the insulation breakdown of surface formation line mark, as implement in the mode 1 illustrated, its progress occurs as: and the insulant surface is stained → and moisture absorption → insulation resistance reduces, and leakage current increasing → formation dry zone → generation flicker discharge → generation line mark discharges and also develops → develop into comprehensive destruction.
Among Fig. 8, the static capacity of insulant in the dry zone is expressed as Cg, surface resistance is expressed as Rg.Represent the impedance Z d of dry zone portion and the per unit length impedance Z p of other parts with formula 1 and formula 2.
If the impedance of the whole insulant 3 that powers up is Z, then Z=Zd+Zpn, thereby substitution formula 1,2 among the Z can get formula 3.
Here, n presses the insulation creepage distance L of insulant 3 quantity of unit length division, thereby is the coefficient that is directly proportional with insulation creepage distance L.When now calculating the condition that the flicker discharge takes place on the surface of insulant 3, because the surface resistance R g of dry zone portion shown in Figure 8 is enough high, the current potential that share on the surface of insulant 3 depends on the impedance of static capacity Cg.Therefore, Z can use formula 4 approximate representations.
Below formula 5 provide the relation of the voltage Vg that impressed voltage V that insulant 3 is powered up and dry zone apply.
Here, if obtain the condition that vg has surpassed the impressed voltage V of spark voltage vi, then can calculate the flicker discharge voltage Vi takes place with following formula 6.
Cg depends on the length t in dry zone gap, and vi depends on t too.Vi provides by so-called " the Paschen spark begins voltage ", the vi under the formula 7 approximate representation atmospheric pressure below available.
According to formula 6, the arrangement formula makes the Rn on the left side put in order formula, if ask the sheet resistance value Rs that discharge takes place, then Rs as shown in Equation 8.
Rs(MΩ)a×E
b/(L×T) ……(8)
Wherein, E: rated voltage (KV), L: insulation creepage distance L (mm) T: insulation thickness (mm).A, b are the constant that depends on frequency and insulant type.From formula 8 as can be known, the sheet resistance value Rs that begins to discharge is inversely proportional to the product of insulation creepage distance and insulation thickness.This sheet resistance value Rs that begins to discharge points out the point that material, shape, the service condition because of insulant may occur discharging.When discharge took place, the ion chemically reactive that exists in the atmosphere produced the compound that impels the insulant performance degradation, makes the line mark develop into comprehensive destruction, thereby the sheet resistance value Rs that this begins to discharge is decided to be threshold value.
In sum, adopt embodiment of the present invention 2, from the numerical value of diagnosis object insulants such as the type of insulant, shape, operating voltage and the voltage that begins to discharge, logically obtain threshold value, thereby can obtain objective and high-precision threshold value, and can estimate life-span and residual life accurately according to this value.
Availability on the production cause
The present invention is used for the diagnosis of the insulant that switching mechanism of widely used controller switching equipments such as chemical company for example, electric gas company, food company etc. uses, and can prevent that major accidents such as earthing, short circuit are in possible trouble by accurate diagnosing insulation degradation.
Claims (6)
1. an insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method is characterized in that, comprises following 4 steps:
The 1st step, checkup item and a plurality of measurement projects relevant that the used insulant deterioration of selected diagnosis electrical equipment is used with this checkup item, under certain environment from the measurement data of brand-new product and the described checkup item of insulant sample collection through making articles for use, under conventional environment, gather the described measurement data of respectively measuring project, with the MT method, be Ma Halang Nuo Bisi-Ta Geqi systems approach, with 1 described measurement data of respectively measuring project of index expression, and make the correlogram of correlationship of the measurement data of expression this 1 index and described checkup item;
The 2nd step is prepared the performance plot or the characteristic type of the described checkup item of expression and the relation of the external environmental factor that influences this checkup item;
The 3rd step, to making the measuring object of insulation diagnosis, with 1 described diagnosis measurement data of respectively measuring project survey of index expression, and the described correlogram of making in advance from described the 1st step reads the numerical value of the described checkup item corresponding with this 1 index with the MT method;
The 4th step, with pre-prepd described performance plot or characteristic type in described the 2nd step, make the family curve of checkup item numerical value that described the 3rd step of expression obtains and the relation of described external environmental factor, obtain the modified value of the described checkup item on the insulation diagnosis time point of influence of the described external factor of consideration;
Wherein, utilize the degradation of described modified value diagnosing insulation thing.
2. the insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described degradation diagnosis of described the 4th step is in expression checkup item and the value of the brand-new product of drawing the described checkup item of measuring in described the 1st step on the life estimation figure of number correlationship over the years and the modified value of the described checkup item that described the 4th step obtains, make the degradation trend line, and according to the intersection point life expectancy of this line with the threshold value of the described checkup item obtained in advance.
3. the insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method described in claim 2 is characterized in that, obtains threshold value from the calculating formula of making according to the discharge generation voltage that produces spark because of the insulant deterioration.
4. as each described insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that, the selection of the described measurement project in described the 1st step is gathered measurement data from estimating a plurality of candidate measurement projects relevant with described checkup item, utilize the MT method to ask the SN ratio, and select the closer candidate of correlativity to measure project as the measurement project.
5. as each described insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that, described the 2nd step with described external environmental factor as parameter, in advance from the described checkup item of described a plurality of insulation sample measurements, represent the relation of described checkup item and described external environmental factor with family curve, and utilize gauss of distribution function that this family curve is expressed as mathematical formulae.
6. as each described insulation of electrical installation diagnostic method in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that, described checkup item is decided to be the sheet resistance value of insulant, described measurement project is decided to be aberration and a plurality of ionic weight, described external environmental factor is decided to be humidity.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003290008A JP4121430B2 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | Insulation diagnosis method for electrical equipment |
| JP2003290008 | 2003-08-08 |
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| CN1580735A true CN1580735A (en) | 2005-02-16 |
| CN1300566C CN1300566C (en) | 2007-02-14 |
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| CNB2004100434543A Expired - Lifetime CN1300566C (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2004-04-29 | Insulation diagnosis method for electric appliance |
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| JP (1) | JP4121430B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100541996B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1300566C (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI292040B (en) |
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| CN103048260A (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2013-04-17 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Accelerated electric corrosion test method for DC porcelain insulator iron cap |
| CN105277822A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2016-01-27 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Artificial accelerated aging test method aiming at basin-type insulators of GIS |
| CN113424044A (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2021-09-21 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Remaining life diagnosis method and remaining life diagnosis device for electrical equipment |
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| JP5840342B2 (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2016-01-06 | 株式会社東芝 | Insulation degradation diagnosis method for insulation materials |
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| CN1204410C (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2005-06-01 | 西安交通大学 | Ultrasonic reflection detecting device and mehtod for diagnosis of insulation state of stator for large electric generator |
-
2003
- 2003-08-08 JP JP2003290008A patent/JP4121430B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2004
- 2004-03-09 TW TW093106125A patent/TWI292040B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103048260A (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2013-04-17 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Accelerated electric corrosion test method for DC porcelain insulator iron cap |
| CN103048260B (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2015-04-15 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Accelerated electric corrosion test method for DC porcelain insulator iron cap |
| CN105277822A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2016-01-27 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Artificial accelerated aging test method aiming at basin-type insulators of GIS |
| CN105277822B (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2018-06-12 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of artificial accelerated aging test method for GIS disc insulators |
| CN113424044A (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2021-09-21 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Remaining life diagnosis method and remaining life diagnosis device for electrical equipment |
| CN113424044B (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2024-05-28 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Method and device for diagnosing remaining life of electrical equipment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI292040B (en) | 2008-01-01 |
| TW200506335A (en) | 2005-02-16 |
| CN1300566C (en) | 2007-02-14 |
| JP2005061901A (en) | 2005-03-10 |
| JP4121430B2 (en) | 2008-07-23 |
| KR100541996B1 (en) | 2006-01-10 |
| KR20050018577A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
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