CN1579502A - Plant extract preparation for preventing and controlling constipation of middle and old age people, and its preparation method - Google Patents
Plant extract preparation for preventing and controlling constipation of middle and old age people, and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant extract preparation for preventing astriction of senile. The ingredients and weigh shares are: 30-40 shares of senna extract, 30-40 shares of aloe extract, 20-30 shares of areca nut extract, 304 shares of oryzanol, 20-30 shares of calcium lactate, and proper amount of accessories. The invention uses the active ingredients in natural plants scientifically and naturally, pointing to the reason of senile astriction, carries on further treatment and prevention, and solves the problem of astriction in cell parallel. Because the active ingredients of the preparation are from the extract of natural plant, and it has target direction performance, it has no toxin and side effects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicine preparation, particularly relate to a kind of plant extract preparation and preparation method of preventing and treating the middle-aged and elderly people constipation.
Technical background
Medically treat constipation at present, doctor trained in Western medicine is generally used phenolphthalein element, phthalein peptide class chemical constituent medicine, and effect is to stimulate large intestine, voids excreta by expanding anus.Though this class medicine has defecating feces excretion, can not drug withdrawal, otherwise constipation meeting recurrence, and can not use for a long time, because long-time medication has injury to health.The traditional Chinese medical science is rushed down the lower class preparation normal employing the aspect the treatment constipation, as Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei, turn over and rush down leaf, Semen Lini etc.This class medicine rushes down that down effect is better, but exists life-time service easily to cause the problem of chronic colitis equally, and simple drainage also can hurt normal digestive and absorptive functions.In addition, during the Chinese traditional treatment constipation, also will analyze the patient, judgement is symptoms such as excess-heat type, Qi-stagnation type, qi-deficiency type, blood-deficiency type, or YIN-deficiency type, makes the patient be difficult to grasp, and makes troubles to treatment.Because in, old people's body metabolic function and immunologic function reduce, constipation patient is many, does not also have the medicine of the treatment constipation of very good suitable middle-aged and elderly people now.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of plant extract preparation and preparation method of preventing and treating the middle-aged and elderly people constipation, said preparation had both had treats the constipation effect preferably, can not damage patient body again.
Preparation provided by the invention adopts following component and weight portion:
Folium Sennae extract 30-40 part, Aloe extract 30-40 part is got rid of bulky extract 20-30 part, oryzanol 3-4 part, calcium lactate 20-30 part, right amount of auxiliary materials.
The preparation method of preparation of the present invention is as follows:
1, selects active plant Folium Sennae aerial parts (stem, leaf), Aloe aerial parts (stem), Semen Arecae for use, be on the waiting list oryzanol (pharmaceutical grade), calcium lactate (pharmaceutical grade);
2, the active component in the extraction active plant:
A. after getting the Folium Sennae pulverizing, use 80% ethanol, according to the consumption of per 1000 gram plant 5000ml in water-bath heating and refluxing extraction 2-3 hour, filter extracting solution at buchner funnel then, collect ethanol, triplicate, merge alcoholic extract, the temperature of alcoholic extract is controlled at 20-25 ℃, crosses polyamide resin column, behind the water elution, collect 90% ethanol eluent, the reclaim under reduced pressure alcoholic solution, to extractum, vacuum drying, pulverizing, with quercetin is standard, ultraviolet spectrophotometry is measured its content, and total Senna Fructus gets Folium Sennae extract at 60-80%;
B. after getting fresh aloe and smashing to pieces, use 60% ethanol, according to the consumption of per 1000 gram plant 6000ml in water-bath heating and refluxing extraction 1-2 hour, filter extracting solution at buchner funnel then, collect ethanol, triplicate merges alcoholic extract, reclaim under reduced pressure ethanol is to the extractum shape, use D type resin isolation then, behind the water elution, collect the acetone eluent, reclaim under reduced pressure acetone is to the extractum shape, vacuum drying becomes powder, uses the aloin standard, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry is measured its content, total barbaloin gets the aloin extract at 70-90%;
C. after getting the chopping of Semen Arecae dry fruit, use 50% ethanol,, filter extracting solution at buchner funnel then according to the consumption of per 1000 gram plant 4600ml in water-bath heating and refluxing extraction 2-3 hour, collect ethanol, triplicate merges alcoholic extract, and reclaim under reduced pressure ethanol liquid is to extractum, handle with cation exchange resin, collect 0.5N hydrochloric acid eluent, transfer PH=7-8 with ammonia then, remove liquid under reduced pressure to two of original volume/for the moment, left standstill 24 hours, buchner funnel collecting precipitation thing is washed (on a small quantity), vacuum drying with deionized water, pulverizing, with arecoline is reference material, titrimetry is measured its content, and total arecoline gets Semen Arecae extract at 85-95%;
3, the extract of active plant Folium Sennae, Aloe, Semen Arecae and oryzanol, calcium lactate are mixed after, perhaps heated and stirred is dissolved in the distilled water, adds appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, directly makes oral liquid formulations after the sterilization in the fill oral liquid bottle; Perhaps sneak into starch and dextrin, directly pour in the capsule and make capsule preparations after the sterilization; Perhaps sneak into starch and dextrin, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, add water and make graininess, the drying and moulding that sieves, fill becomes bag to make dissolved granule; Perhaps sneak into starch and dextrin, add deionized water, in stirring, add magnesium stearate, make granule, sieve, tabletting when baking is extremely half-dried, sugar coating or edible thin film are made coated tablet or diaphragm again; Perhaps sneak into starch and dextrin, stir the adding deionized water, add gelatin and appropriate amount of auxiliary materials again, unguentum is made in stir back sterilization, fill.
Scientific research is thought; constipation is because objective and spiritual influence; make regulation and control digestion in the human body; absorb; excretory program gene (OG-A) is out of hand; cause stomach; intestinal is responsible for digestion; the gene that absorbs is secreted in a large number; exceeded normal depleted amount (should dead gene); and the gene amplification amount of regulation and control intestinal peristalsis is lower than the depletion amount (dead cell) of normal gene; make digestion; absorb; excretory dynamic equilibrium gets muddled; the yeast-like fungi enzyme decomposes stool in large intestine; when generating harmful gas; generate a kind of retention factor (SG-B) simultaneously, this gene belongs to a kind of senile cell, and normal cell is morphed.The habituation of constipation and obstinate harm are exactly to generate the retention gene for a long time, have destroyed the metabolic function of normal gene, also are the roots that constipation causes all pathological changes of human body.Middle-aged and elderly people is because body metabolic function and immunologic function reduce easier destruction of causing stomach, intestinal digestive function poised state.The dynamic equilibrium of digestive function is not normal, and the wriggling of intestinal and excretory function are affected, and the result is easier to cause constipation.
Preparation of the present invention is exactly at the cause of disease that causes constipation, select the active component in the natural plants for use, the excessive excited cell of inhibition selective, targeting, activate the cell of premature depletion, at first recover the normal function of regulatory process gene, keep digestion, absorption, excretory normal dynamic balance, thereby realized from the purpose of mechanism prevention and the constipation of treatment middle-aged and elderly people.The regulatory process gene can narrow spectrum inhibition retention gene propagation.Effect by to the regulatory process gene prevents, has treated the incident constipation of middle-aged and elderly people naturally, has delayed the aging course of middle-aged and elderly people, is a kind of natural health care mode that adopts active skull cap components to human body.
The pharmacology of each component of using in the preparation of the present invention, drug effect: Folium Sennae extract, contain Senna Fructus chromone constituents.Pharmaceutical research shows that Folium Sennae has the activity of significant increase blood oxygen, can make the harmful gas in the blood change into harmless metabolite.Pharmacodynamic study shows that the Folium Sennae glycoside can significantly be adjusted hormonal system, and balance digestion, absorption, excretory function are arranged, and can promote the intestinal peristalsis effect significantly.In the present invention, use Senna Fructus chromone constituents has been prevent constipation, has transformed the circulation of harmful gas at blood that purified blood matter increases the oxygen containing activity of blood.Aloe extract contains aloin and barbaloin constituents.The pharmacology shows that aloin and barbaloin have the function of significant activation regulatory process cell, and the activity of significant inhibition retention cell proliferation is arranged, and the activity that promotes normal cell to absorb moisture is arranged, and can prevent Normocellular premature dead (depletion).Pharmacodynamic study confirms that also aloin and barbaloin have significant anti-aging effects, prolongs the biography band number of fruit bat, keeps the equilibrated effect of hormonal system.Discover that further aloin also has the effect of significant uvioresistant to skin injury.The present invention utilizes the prevention and the treatment constipation inducement of the plain and barbaloin targeting of the aloe that extracts just, this also be aloin, barbaloin can defying age, the glossy main component of protection skin, also be its prevention, treat main active of constipation.Semen Arecae extract contains the arecoline composition, and pharmaceutical research shows that arecoline has the gastric acid inhibitory excessive secretion, suppresses the activity of helicobacter pylori, promotes the effect of the generation of intestinal peristalsis cell.Pharmacodynamic study shows that arecoline has sterilization, anthelmintic effect, and the contractile function of significant enhancing anus flesh is arranged.In the present invention, use arecoline, work the digestion that suppresses excited, suppress the helicobacter pylori of ulcer, promote the contraction of intestinal peristalsis and anus, also can strengthen Senna Fructus simultaneously and adjust endocrine, balance digestion, absorption, excretory activity.Oryzanol is a kind of active component that extracts from natural rice oil, and it is as a kind of endogenous supplementing hormone, is used to strengthen the activity of the specificity and the targeting of aloin and barbaloin, also is the middle-aged and elderly people immunologic function degression, a kind of composition that must replenish.Calcium lactate can significantly promote the absorption of human small intestine to nutritional labeling, is to safeguard the indispensable composition of middle-aged and elderly people metabolism balance.The scientific and rational active component that utilizes in the natural plants of the present invention, in causing, the cause of disease of constipation of old people, carry out narrow spectrum prevention and treatment, solved the problem of constipation from the cellular level preferably.Because the active component that preparation of the present invention uses is from the extract of natural plants, and has targeting, so there is not any toxic and side effects, be in more satisfactory prevention and the treatment, constipation of old people the green health product of life lengthening to other position of health, organ.
The specific embodiment
Example of formulations of the present invention:
Embodiment 1 embodiment 2 embodiment 3
30 parts of Folium Sennae extracts, 35 parts 40 parts
30 parts of Aloe extracts, 35 parts 40 parts
Get rid of 20 parts of bulky extracts, 25 parts 30 parts
3 parts of oryzanol, 3.5 parts 4 parts
20 parts of calcium lactate, 2.5 parts 30 parts
An amount of 500 parts of liquid of adjuvant solid
1000 parts
The concrete preparation method of preparation of the present invention is as follows:
1, selects natural activity plant Folium Sennae aerial parts (stem, leaf), Aloe aerial parts (stem), Semen Arecae for use, be on the waiting list oryzanol (content 99), calcium lactate (content 99);
2, the active component in the extraction natural activity plant:
A. get Folium Sennae 500g, after the pulverizing, use 80%2500ml ethanol, in water-bath heating and refluxing extraction 2-3 hour, filter extracting solution at buchner funnel then, collect ethanol, triplicate merges alcoholic extract, and the temperature of alcoholic extract is controlled at 20-25 ℃, cross polyamide resin column, behind the water elution, collect 90% ethanol eluent, decompression (3 kPas) recovered alcohol solution, to extractum, vacuum drying, pulverizing are standard with quercetin, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry is measured its content, total Senna Fructus gets Folium Sennae extract at 60-80%;
B. after getting fresh aloe 500g and smashing to pieces, with 60% ethanol 3000ml in water-bath heating and refluxing extraction 1-2 hour, filter extracting solution at buchner funnel then, collect ethanol, triplicate, merge alcoholic extract, reclaim under reduced pressure ethanol is used the large-scale resin isolation of D201 then to the extractum shape, behind the water elution, collect the acetone eluent, decompression (2.5 kPas) is reclaimed acetone to the extractum shape, and vacuum drying becomes powder, use the aloin standard, ultraviolet spectrophotometry is measured its content, and total barbaloin gets the aloin extract at 70-90%;
C. after getting Semen Arecae dry fruit 500g chopping, with 50% ethanol 2300ml in water-bath heating and refluxing extraction 2-3 hour, filter extracting solution at buchner funnel then, collect ethanol, triplicate, merge alcoholic extract, reclaim under reduced pressure ethanol liquid is handled with cation exchange resin to extractum, collects 0.5N hydrochloric acid eluent, transfer PH=7-8 with ammonia then, decompression (1.8 kPas) steam to remove liquid to two of original volume/for the moment, left standstill 24 hours buchner funnel collecting precipitation thing, wash (on a small quantity) with deionized water, vacuum drying, pulverizing is a reference material with arecoline, and titrimetry is measured its content, total arecoline is the Semen Arecae extract that the present invention uses at 85-95%;
3, the extract of usefulness natural activity plant Folium Sennae, Aloe, Semen Arecae and oryzanol, calcium lactate, make different preparations on demand respectively:
A. get extract 30g, oryzanol 4g, the calcium lactate 30g of Folium Sennae extract 40g, Aloe extract 40g, Semen Arecae, after the mixing, be dissolved in the 900ml distilled water, heated and stirred (80-90 ℃), it is an amount of to add sucrose 100g, glycopeptide 10g, sodium benzoate 15g, the agent of tender flavor, dwell temperature directly is filled to after the filtration in the oral liquid bottle of 10ml * 200 to 30-40 ℃, makes oral liquid formulations after the sterilization;
B. get extract 20g, oryzanol 3g, the calcium lactate 20g of Folium Sennae extract 30g, Aloe extract 30g, Semen Arecae, be blended into earlier in the 350g starch, add the 50g dextrin, directly pour into behind the mix homogeneously in No. 2 capsules (gastric solubleness), make capsule preparations after the sterilization;
C. get extract 25g, oryzanol 35g, the calcium lactate 25g of Folium Sennae extract 35g, Aloe extract 35g, Semen Arecae, sneak in 300g starch and the 50g dextrin, it is an amount of to add sucrose 200g, protein sugar 20g, xylitol 5g, vitamin C 30g, sodium bicarbonate 50g, sodium benzoate 20g, essence, add water and make graininess, cross 40 mesh sieves, drying and moulding, fill become bag to make dissolved granule;
D. get extract 20g, oryzanol 3g, the calcium lactate 20g of Folium Sennae extract 30g, Aloe extract 30g, Semen Arecae, successively be blended into 200g starch and 80g dextrin, add the 200g deionized water, in stirring, add magnesium stearate 20g, make granule, cross the 40-50 mesh sieve, when baking is extremely half-dried, contain abstract 200mg ± 10mg tabletting by every, sugar coating or edible thin film are made coated tablet or diaphragm again;
E. get extract 30g, oryzanol 4g, the calcium lactate 30g of Folium Sennae extract 40g, Aloe extract 40g, Semen Arecae, be blended in 100g starch and the 100g dextrin, in 30-40 ℃, stir and add the 500g deionized water, add gelatin 200g, Catergen 0g, sucrose 200g, glycopeptide 10g, glucide 8g again, essence is an amount of, sterilize after stirring, contain total extraction composition 200-250mg fill, make unguentum by every jar.
The instructions of taking of preparation of the present invention:
Oral liquid formulations, 10ml/ props up specification, taking medicine before meal usefulness, each 1, every day 2 times;
Capsule preparations, No. 2 capsules (gastric solubleness), taking medicine before meal usefulness, each 1, every day 2 times;
Granule, packed, every bag of 5g ± 10mg, taking medicine before meal usefulness, each 1 bag, every day 2 times;
Tablet contains total extract 200mg ± 10mg weight by every, taking medicine before meal usefulness, and each 1, every day 2 times:
Unguentum contains total extract 200-250mg weight by every jar, taking medicine before meal usefulness, each 1 jar, every day 2 times.
Clinically, take and can take effect one week of preparation of the present invention, by 180 examples are suffered from constipation in, patient old people takes observation, effective percentage reaches 100%, cure rate reaches 91%, any health untoward reaction did not appear in the patient.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of plant extract preparation of preventing and treating the middle-aged and elderly people constipation is characterized in that adopting following component and weight portion:
Folium Sennae extract 30-40 part, Aloe extract 30-40 part is got rid of bulky extract 20-30 part, oryzanol 3-4 part, calcium lactate 20-30 part, right amount of auxiliary materials.
2, a kind of preparation method of Folium Sennae extract according to claim 1 is characterized in that being made up of following steps:
After getting the Folium Sennae pulverizing, use 80% ethanol, according to the consumption of per 1000 gram plant 5000ml in water-bath heating and refluxing extraction 2-3 hour, filter extracting solution at buchner funnel then, collect ethanol, triplicate merges alcoholic extract, the temperature of alcoholic extract is controlled at 20-25 ℃, cross polyamide resin column, behind the water elution, collect 90% ethanol eluent, the reclaim under reduced pressure alcoholic solution, to extractum, vacuum drying, pulverizing are standard with quercetin, ultraviolet spectrophotometry is measured its content, and total Senna Fructus is at 60-80%.
3, a kind of preparation method of Aloe extract according to claim 1 is characterized in that being made up of following steps:
After getting fresh aloe and smashing to pieces, use 60% ethanol, according to the consumption of per 1000 gram plant 6000ml in water-bath heating and refluxing extraction 1-2 hour, filter extracting solution at buchner funnel then, collect ethanol, triplicate, merge alcoholic extract, reclaim under reduced pressure ethanol is used D type resin isolation then to the extractum shape, behind the water elution, collect the acetone eluent, reclaim under reduced pressure acetone is to the extractum shape, vacuum drying becomes powder, use the aloin standard, ultraviolet spectrophotometry is measured its content, and total barbaloin is at 70-90%.
4, a kind ofly get rid of bulky preparation method of extract according to claim 1, it is characterized in that forming by following steps:
After getting the chopping of Semen Arecae dry fruit, use 50% ethanol, according to the consumption of per 1000 gram plant 4600ml in water-bath heating and refluxing extraction 2-3 hour, filter extracting solution at buchner funnel then, collect ethanol, triplicate, merge alcoholic extract, reclaim under reduced pressure ethanol liquid is handled with cation exchange resin to extractum, collect 0.5N hydrochloric acid eluent, transfer PH=7-8 with ammonia then, remove liquid under reduced pressure to two of original volume/for the moment, left standstill 24 hours, buchner funnel collecting precipitation thing, wash (on a small quantity), vacuum drying with deionized water, pulverizing is a reference material with arecoline, titrimetry is measured its content, and total arecoline is at 85-95%.
5, a kind of preparation method of the preparation of plant extract according to claim 1 is characterized in that being made up of following steps:
(1), select active plant Folium Sennae aerial parts (stem, leaf), Aloe aerial parts (stem), Semen Arecae for use, be on the waiting list oryzanol (pharmaceutical grade), calcium lactate (pharmaceutical grade);
(2), the active component in the extraction active plant:
After a gets the Folium Sennae pulverizing, use 80% ethanol, according to the consumption of per 1000 gram plant 5000ml in water-bath heating and refluxing extraction 2-3 hour, filter extracting solution at buchner funnel then, collect ethanol, triplicate, merge alcoholic extract, the temperature of alcoholic extract is controlled at 20-25 ℃, crosses polyamide resin column, behind the water elution, collect 90% ethanol eluent, the reclaim under reduced pressure alcoholic solution, to extractum, vacuum drying, pulverizing, with quercetin is standard, ultraviolet spectrophotometry is measured its content, and total Senna Fructus gets Folium Sennae extract at 60-80%;
After b gets fresh aloe and smashs to pieces, use 60% ethanol, according to the consumption of per 1000 gram plant 6000ml in water-bath heating and refluxing extraction 1-2 hour, filter extracting solution at buchner funnel then, collect ethanol, triplicate merges alcoholic extract, reclaim under reduced pressure ethanol is to the extractum shape, use D type resin isolation then, behind the water elution, collect the acetone eluent, reclaim under reduced pressure acetone is to the extractum shape, vacuum drying becomes powder, uses the aloin standard, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry is measured its content, total barbaloin gets the aloin extract at 70-90%;
After c gets the chopping of Semen Arecae dry fruit, use 50% ethanol,, filter extracting solution at buchner funnel then according to the consumption of per 1000 gram plant 4600ml in water-bath heating and refluxing extraction 2-3 hour, collect ethanol, triplicate merges alcoholic extract, and reclaim under reduced pressure ethanol liquid is to extractum, handle with cation exchange resin, collect 0.5N hydrochloric acid eluent, transfer PH=7-8 with ammonia then, remove liquid under reduced pressure to two of original volume/for the moment, left standstill 24 hours, buchner funnel collecting precipitation thing is washed (on a small quantity), vacuum drying with deionized water, pulverizing, with arecoline is reference material, titrimetry is measured its content, and total arecoline gets Semen Arecae extract at 85-95%;
(3), the extract of active plant Folium Sennae, Aloe, Semen Arecae and oryzanol, calcium lactate mixed after, perhaps heated and stirred is dissolved in the distilled water, adds appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, directly makes oral liquid formulations after the sterilization in the fill oral liquid bottle; Perhaps sneak into starch and dextrin, directly pour in the capsule and make capsule preparations after the sterilization; Perhaps sneak into starch and dextrin, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, add water and make graininess, the drying and moulding that sieves, fill becomes bag to make dissolved granule; Perhaps sneak into starch and dextrin, add deionized water, in stirring, add magnesium stearate, make granule, sieve, tabletting when baking is extremely half-dried, sugar coating or edible thin film are made coated tablet or diaphragm again; Perhaps sneak into starch and dextrin, stir the adding deionized water, add gelatin and appropriate amount of auxiliary materials again, unguentum is made in stir back sterilization, fill.
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| CNB2004100232166A CN1317008C (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2004-05-20 | Plant extract preparation for preventing and controlling constipation of middle and old age people, and its preparation method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102228180A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2011-11-02 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Betelnut buccal tablet and preparation method thereof |
| CN102464607A (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-05-23 | 苏州宝泽堂医药科技有限公司 | Method for extracting arecoline from areca |
| CN101147575B (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2012-08-29 | 楼飞 | Toxin-expelling intestine-cleaning health-care food composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN105194176A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2015-12-30 | 苏州神林堂中医药研究所 | Defecation promoting capsule and preparation method thereof |
| CN105343397A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-02-24 | 康美药业股份有限公司 | Areca nut cataplasm, preparation method and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1104895A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1995-07-12 | 王英行 | Quick acting catharsis pill |
| CN1257735A (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2000-06-28 | 任炎午 | Medicine for treating constipation and its preparing process |
| CN1476869A (en) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-02-25 | 福州辰星药业有限公司 | Production process of bianbishu capsule for curing constipation |
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2004
- 2004-05-20 CN CNB2004100232166A patent/CN1317008C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101147575B (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2012-08-29 | 楼飞 | Toxin-expelling intestine-cleaning health-care food composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN102464607A (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-05-23 | 苏州宝泽堂医药科技有限公司 | Method for extracting arecoline from areca |
| CN102228180A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2011-11-02 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Betelnut buccal tablet and preparation method thereof |
| CN105343397A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-02-24 | 康美药业股份有限公司 | Areca nut cataplasm, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105343397B (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2018-08-10 | 康美药业股份有限公司 | Betel nut cataplasm, preparation method and use |
| CN105194176A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2015-12-30 | 苏州神林堂中医药研究所 | Defecation promoting capsule and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1317008C (en) | 2007-05-23 |
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