Changing food waste biological feedstuff method
(1) technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of processing method of rubbish, specifically a kind of processing method of changing food waste.The present invention also relates to a kind of method of utilizing house refuse to make feed.
(2) background technology
Changing food waste is meant each grand hotel, the discarded a kind of rubbish in dining room, and its main feature is that rubbish quantity is big, contained composition complexity; Except that containing a large amount of water, salt, also contain starch, fat, protein, cellulose and perishable change fermented material.According to relevant report, Beijing produces 600 tons of changing food wastes every day, 1100 tons of the changing food wastes of Shanghai generation every day, and 500 tons of the changing food wastes of city of Hangzhou generation every day, about 600 tons of the changing food waste that the Harbin City produces every day, visible changing food waste quantity is big.
The main outlet of these rubbish of past is pulled away by pig farm, suburbs and the family of raising pigs and feeds pigs, and small part is still fallen by house refuse.These changing food wastes often contain a large amount of harmful pathogenic bacteria, may infect disease after pig eats, and cause the propagation of human diseases more thus.The part that is discarded also causes serious pollution to environment.Along with the reinforcement of people's environmental consciousness, in recent years, China put into effect in many big cities the management system of " forbidding feeding pigs with changing food waste " in succession, and carried out nuisanceless processing changing food waste energetically, to reduce the pollution to urban environment was caused.
Changing food waste pollutes environment and the harm that society caused is caused the attention of countries in the world already, and takes various technological means to handle changing food waste.The processing to changing food waste abroad roughly has dual mode, i.e. " elimination type " and " resource ".The former adopts " landfill " and " burning " exactly, and this processing mode also can cause secondary pollution to environment; The latter utilizes microorganism to carry out ecologically harmless exactly and handles, and can turn waste into wealth.Because changing food waste contains a large number of nutrients, it is a kind of good feed resource, its total energy level can reach 20 megajoules/Kg, gross protein value can reach about 20%, through rational nuisanceless processing, fully can be through making the biological activity protein feed that meets hygienic requirements, for the city changing food waste has found a kind of desirable solution.
States such as Germany, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Cuba, Holland just begin changing food waste is carried out the experimental study of the harmless utilization of scale as far back as the eighties in last century; collection, the processing method of changing food waste have been obtained respectively, the achievement of aspects such as changing food waste and other feed fit applications technology, feeding effect and digestive utilization ratio thereof.And set up scale changing food waste processing plant in big and medium-sized cities.According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) measuring and calculating, the contained protein of the feed that Cuba's changing food waste in 1989 is made and 1,430,000 mu of corn contained energy or 1,380,000 mu of soybean is suitable.
Domestic, changing food waste just caused people's attention to the harm that social and environment are caused in recent years.
The deputy to the National People's Congress of Beijing proposes " control the city in accordance with the law, administer the imperative proposal of city changing food waste " in January, 2002.Recently, Beijing has worked out kitchen trash feed processing method and complete set of equipments, and its patent characteristic comprises the following steps: material pulverizing → dehydration → drying → granulation.This technology adopts twice pulverizing, electrothermal drying in treatment process.Power consumption is big, production cost is higher.When handling waste water, adopt aerator and overall plastic aerated precipitation tank, can cause second environmental pollution.
The regulation that changing food waste can not be made pig feed is put into effect in Shanghai City in June, 2000, face the changing food waste that produces 1100 tons every day and handled with landfill method,, administration request food and drink department especially very big to influence on groundwater to environment is equipped with 5,000 yuan of " domestic garbage treatment machine " annual running costs.Processing cost height, user are difficult to accept.
Jilin Province is for solving food garbage to pollution that environment caused.Worked out the food garbage treating apparatus.It is sterilized under pressurizing unit that carries out extrusion dehydration under the flow regime and concentrated pulverizing HTHP by material and dry molten refining device is formed.The maximum characteristics of its technology are exactly can not cause secondary pollution to environment, and maximum shortcoming is that power consumption is high, the processing cost height.
Changing food waste contains the nutriment that can be utilized in a large number, and these materials are often thrown away in vain, except that meeting causes pollution to environment, also is a kind of waste to resource.Therefore, how to utilize the advanced technological means material that these are useful to be used, turn waste into wealth, be processed into useful protein feeds, this will further improve social benefit and economic benefit after the changing food waste processing.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of non-secondary pollution, with low cost, changing food waste biological feedstuff method that the effective ingredient-use rate is high.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
(1), after food garbage collects, carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid fast, and choose foreign material simultaneously, obtain solid content and liquid;
(2), isolated liquid entered oily water separating equipment separate, obtain grease and water;
(3), in isolated grease, add emulsifying agent, with Ca (OH)
2Or calcium salt is dissolved in the water, mixes in the ratio of water 5%-95%, oil phase 5%-95%, and adjust pH is that 3.0-9.5 carries out emulsification treatment, feeds hydrogen after the emulsification treatment and carry out hydrogenation treatment in reactor, and the fatty acid calcium particle is made in the products therefrom granulation;
(4), in isolated water, add the molasses of 1-3%, in fermentation tank at 0.8-1.2Kg/cm
2Carried out sterilization treatment 40-80 minute under pressure, the 110-130 ℃ temperature, the cooling back adds the fodder yeast bacterium under 28-30 ℃ of temperature, and inoculum concentration is 0.8-1.2%, handles the kind liquid that obtained containing the fodder yeast bacterium in 18-20 hour at the condition bottom fermentation that ventilation is arranged;
(5), the adding weight ratio is 1: 1 rice bran or a wheat bran in isolated solid content, at 10-12Kg/cm
2Under the pressure sterilization treatment 30-40 minute, be cooled to 30-32 ℃, add the kind liquid that contains the fodder yeast bacterium in the ratio of 3-5%, to handle 18-24 hour at the condition bottom fermentation that ventilation is arranged, pulverize fermentate oven dry back.
The present invention can also comprise some features like this: 1, described emulsifying agent is single diacetyl tartaric acid glyceride, and its addition accounts for isolated grease weight 1-5%.2, described hydrogenation treatment is done at platinum or nickel under the condition of catalyst and is carried out.3, after products therefrom adsorbs with cornstarch earlier after the described hydrogenation treatment again granulation make the fatty acid calcium particle.
The present invention utilizes biotechnology that changing food waste is handled, and produces feed.Method uniqueness, technology novelty, final products are economical and practical.Method of the present invention can change into changing food waste fatty acid calcium and the high-protein feed with high added value.Whole process of production does not have discharge any pollutant, non-secondary pollution.Contain several physiological active substances in the resulting feed of the present invention, help livestock and poultry, improved the utilization rate of feed the digesting and assimilating of feed.Contain the autoclave sterilization process in the technology of the present invention, it can also change the structure of part material except that can thoroughly knocking out all pathogenic bacteria, helps livestock and poultry digesting and assimilating feed.
(4) specific embodiments
For example the present invention is done more detailed description below:
Embodiment one
(1), after food garbage collects, carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid fast, and choose foreign material simultaneously, isolate solid content and liquid that water content is about 70-80%;
(2), isolated liquid entered oily water separating equipment separate, with grease and moisture from;
(3), in isolated grease, add account for grease weight 1-5% single diacetyl tartaric acid glyceride as emulsifying agent, in isolated water, add the Ca (OH) that accounts for water weight 1-5%
2Or calcium salt, ratio in water 5%-95%, oil phase 5%-95% is mixed, adjust pH is that 3.0-9.5 carries out emulsification treatment, do catalyst feeding hydrogen with platinum or nickel after the emulsification treatment in reactor and carry out hydrogenation treatment, products therefrom adsorbs the back granulation with cornstarch makes the fatty acid calcium particle;
(4), in isolated water, add the molasses of 1-3%, in fermentation tank at 0.8-1.2Kg/cm
2Carried out sterilization treatment 40-80 minute under pressure, the 110-130 ℃ temperature, the cooling back adds the fodder yeast bacterium under 28-30 ℃ of temperature, and inoculum concentration is 0.8-1.2%, handles the kind liquid that obtained containing the fodder yeast bacterium in 18-20 hour at the condition bottom fermentation that ventilation is arranged;
(5), the adding weight ratio is 1: 1 rice bran or a wheat bran in isolated solid content, at 10-12Kg/cm
2Under the pressure sterilization treatment 30-40 minute, be cooled to 30-32 ℃, add the kind liquid that contains the fodder yeast bacterium in the ratio of 3-5%, to handle 18-24 hour at the condition bottom fermentation that ventilation is arranged, pulverize fermentate oven dry back.
Embodiment two
(1), after food garbage collects, carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid with equipment for separating liquid from solid fast, and choose foreign material such as plastics, glass simultaneously, isolate solid content and liquid that water content is about 70-80%, contain grease and water in the liquid;
(2), isolated liquid entered oily water separating equipment separate, with grease and moisture from;
(3), in isolated grease, add account for grease weight 4% single diacetyl tartaric acid glyceride as emulsifying agent, in isolated water, add the Ca (OH) that accounts for water weight 3%
2Ratio in water 50%, oil phase 50% is mixed, adjust pH is 5.0 to carry out emulsification treatment, makees catalyst with platinum or nickel after the emulsification treatment in reactor and feeds hydrogen and carried out hydrogenation treatment 2-4 hour, and products therefrom adsorbs the back granulation with cornstarch makes the fatty acid calcium particle;
(4), in isolated water, add 2% molasses, in fermentation tank at 1.0Kg/cm
2Carried out sterilization treatment 60 minutes under pressure, 120 ℃ of temperature, the cooling back adds the fodder yeast bacterium under 28-30 ℃ of temperature, inoculum concentration is 1%, and maintains the temperature at 28-30 ℃, handles the kind liquid that obtained containing the fodder yeast bacterium in 18-20 hour at the condition bottom fermentation that ventilation is arranged;
(5), the adding weight ratio is 1: 1 rice bran or a wheat bran in isolated solid content, makes the moisture 25-30% in the material, puts into the autoclaving jar, at 10-12Kg/cm
2Sterilization treatment is 30 minutes under the pressure, is cooled to 30-32 ℃, adds the kind liquid that contains the fodder yeast bacterium in the ratio of 3-5%, handles 18-24 hour at the condition bottom fermentation that ventilation is arranged, and fermentate oven dry back is pulverized and made high protein feed.