CN102850093B - Method for preparing fertilizer by mineralized fermentation through rejecting heavy metal in kitchen waste and decomposing dioxin - Google Patents
Method for preparing fertilizer by mineralized fermentation through rejecting heavy metal in kitchen waste and decomposing dioxin Download PDFInfo
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- CN102850093B CN102850093B CN201210374525.2A CN201210374525A CN102850093B CN 102850093 B CN102850093 B CN 102850093B CN 201210374525 A CN201210374525 A CN 201210374525A CN 102850093 B CN102850093 B CN 102850093B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a fertilizer by mineralized fermentation through rejecting heavy metal in kitchen waste and decomposing dioxin, which can be used for producing a microbial organic fertilizer by element coordination processes twice based on rejecting the heavy metal in kitchen waste slurry, separating the dioxin by emulsified oil, dissolving and decomposing the dioxin by an organic solvent generated by deep anaerobic fermentation, decomposing the dioxin by biological phagocytosis, desalting by bentonite and preparing an organic original fertilizer by carrying out high-temperature mineralization reaction, fermenting and killing harmful bacteria and pathogenic microorganism. The method is a precedent for rejecting the heavy metal in the kitchen waste and decomposing the dioxin, a set of scheme with less investment and low cost can be provided for safely placing the kitchen waste, and the waste resources are effectively utilized, so that new economic value and social wealth can be created; when the kitchen waste is used for preparing the fertilizer, waste water, waste gas and waste residue are not discharged, so that the secondary pollution possibly caused by landfill, incineration and compost for the soil, the atmosphere and the water resource can be avoided, and the ecological environment is protected; and a high-quality fertilizer is provided for the agriculture, the yield and the quality of agricultural products are improved, and the agricultural sustainable development can be supported by the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing organic materials composting, belong to agricultural organic fertilizer production technical field, particularly relate to a kind of changing food waste and reject the method that heavy metal decomposes dioxin mineralization fermentation composting.
Background technology
Changing food waste is disposed present situation: according to relevant, China produces 6000 ten thousand tons of changing food wastes per year, and along with the quickening of Process of Urbanization, urban population sharply expands, and estimates that changing food waste is annual also in the speed increment with 30%.Changing food waste main component comprises rice and flours food residues, vegetables, vegetable and animals oils, meat bone etc.; Chemical constitution, there are starch, Mierocrystalline cellulose, protein, lipid and inorganic salt.Its principal feature: the one, water ratio is high, and moisture mostly accounts for the 80-90% of changing food waste gross weight; The 2nd, organic substance is many, and is rich in the nutritive ingredients such as much starch, grease (1-5%) and protein; The 3rd, salinity high (1-3%).Just because of this, changing food waste is very easily rotten, produces multiple germ, and its proterties and smell all can make a very bad impression to environmental health, and easily grow pathogenic micro-organism, the objectionable impurities such as mycotoxin.If method of disposal is improper, will becomes and affect the potentially dangerous of food safety and ecological safety source.In recent years " sewer oil ", " the rubbish pig " that in city, occur, become townie public hazards.For preventing the unprocessed direct raising livestock and poultry of changing food waste, by the accumulation of livestock and poultry vivotoxin, objectionable impurities, and then cause the cross infection between people and animals, infringement HUMAN HEALTH; For preventing that illegal retailer from reclaiming refinement waste grease, make the sewer oil that contains the toxic substance such as flavacin, benzene come back to people's dining table, cause the generation of chronic disease even carcinogenic, administrative provisions have been made in view of changing food waste by national departments concerned and local government in recent years.Changing food waste has the dual nature of refuse and resource, how to dispose, and has become the important topic of pendulum in face of people.Due to the special property of changing food waste, burning disposal can produce a large amount of obnoxious flavoures, can not meet innoxious requirement; The direct landfill disposal of changing food waste, its water content is high easily produces a large amount of percolates and polluted underground water.The processing of changing food waste is at present mainly to produce feed, fertilizer, biogas and diesel oil.Owing to containing various animal meats in changing food waste, if Fodder making, cannibalism very easily causes foot and mouth disease and various diseases, have homology risk, work the mischief to the mankind thereby propagate, people have doubt, what more kill is, with not rejecting heavy metal, do not decompose the changing food waste Fodder making of dioxin, just give heavy metal, dioxin enters human body with the form of biologic chain by animal meat that chance is provided, sow the seeds of trouble in the future; There is prospect though produce biogas through anaerobic treatment, but investment is large, cost is high, according to pertinent data, and day processing 200T anaerobic methane production gas project, gross investment needs 8,000 ten thousand yuan, the unit cost of production reaches 270 yuan/ton, though 200 yuan of state subsidies per ton, if sale price does not reach 70 yuan, still can lose money, therefore be difficult to promote; Changing food waste is carried out producing diesel oil after oily water separation, same have the problem that investment is large, cost is high, even 900 yuan of exempt from consumption tax diesel oil costs per ton, also no profits came in; Utilize changing food waste to produce fertilizer direction enemy, but take at present the method for aerobic compost production fertilizer also inadvisable, this is not singly because moisture, the oil-containing of changing food waste, saliferous are high, directly carry out aerobic compost difficult, also because adopt composting process treatment process, in changing food waste, the contained heavy metal ion of plant and animal residues is not rejected, decoct to fry and fry the contained dioxins materials of remnant food and do not decompose, again not through strict high temperature mineralization reaction fermentation, there are serious quality problems in fertilizer, and fertilizer efficiency is poor, vetoed by market, be difficult to promote.
Want to utilize changing food waste to make fertilizer, must possess three conditions: the one, changing food waste need contain the necessary nutritive ingredient of higher plant, this changing food waste possesses self, many analysiss of data all confirm, in changing food waste, contain a large amount of crop alimentary elements, there is higher potential manurial value; The 2nd, the heavy metal, dioxin in changing food waste should be rejected or be decomposed, and its content in organic fertilizer must comply with the national standard requirements, and guarantees fertilizer safety; The 3rd, contained bacterium, various parasitic ovum, pathogenic micro-organism etc. in changing food waste, must, through strict harmless treatment, be killed.And these latter two, compost is not accomplished, or is done not thorough.High containing salinity as for changing food waste, this there is no big harm, and salinity is high first a bit can prevent varied bacteria growing, and Cha Shi biological medium also specially adds sodium-chlor; Second salinity is too high, also can add wilkinite desalination, not difficult matter.
The new approaches that changing food waste is disposed: in recent years, we had invented making fertilizer from domestic garbage technique and auxiliary facility thereof take domestic refuse as raw material.Its technical process is, first by the levigate slurrying of rubbish sub-electing after plastics and scrap metal, then take complex-precipitation method to reject the harm of the contained heavy metal ion of plant and animal residues in rubbish, obtain organic former fertilizer through dehydration compatibility and through high temperature mineralization reaction fermentation again, finally by two minor element coordination fertilize preparation craft output biological organic fertilizers.The fertilizer that produces is checked through quality inspection organization, heavy metal free harm, and the indices such as living bacteria count, main nutrient all reach GB requirement.With single organic fertilizer with singly execute composite chemical fertilizer and compare, the growth result that biological organic fertilizer is used ensuing crop significantly improves.The appearance of making fertilizer from domestic garbage technology, makes technical foundation and the processing unit condition of microbial organic fertilizer for we provide changing food waste.In view of the composition of changing food waste and domestic refuse has many similarities, all be rich in organic and crop desired nutritional element, all contain heavy metal, also all contain bacterium, various parasitic ovum, pathogenic micro-organism etc., therefore can use for reference making fertilizer from domestic garbage treatment process, and solve targetedly the pollution problem of changing food waste dioxin.
Summary of the invention
The object of invention: according to changing food waste characteristic, with reference to making fertilizer from domestic garbage technology, development changing food waste is rejected the method that heavy metal decomposes dioxin mineralization fermentation composting.
Inventive principle (one): changing food waste is rich in organic and the necessary nutritive element of plant-growth, has established basic substance for producing agricultural fertilizer.Specifically, the one, in changing food waste, dry-matter contains 90% organic materials, and organic matter >=60% that wherein can be water-soluble is manufactured microbial organic fertilizer and is had very high practical value; The 2nd, in changing food waste, organic materials major part is through steaming, boil, decoct, exploding, and slaking already, is easy to change into the contour proteic substance of amino acid in biological fermentation engineering, is of high nutritive value; The 3rd, in changing food waste, be rich in grease, fat, meat extract, OPN, salt (sodium-chlor), these are all extraordinary biological culture based components, can engulf for microorganism active flora, become water, carbonic acid gas and trace element.These conditions are all the favorable factors of changing food waste composting.
Whether inventive principle (two): changing food waste contains the harmful heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, arsenic, no matter exceed standard, must decompose and reject, and can not allow heavy metal cause vicious cycle, accumulation to cause disaster with the form of biologic chain.Why can reject heavy metal, this be based on: in stirring slurry (fineness 50-80 order), allocate Sodium salts humic acids (Sodium humatc) into, molecular state, ionic state heavy metal in changing food waste organism cell can be separated; In stirring, slurry adds metal chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid; EDTA), can complex molecule state, ionic state heavy metal forms binding substances and precipitates discharge; Possesses anaerobic fermentation conditions in view of rejecting heavy metal process, can in stirring, slip allocate yeast (yeast), milk-acid bacteria (LAB into, Lactic acid bacteria), aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) and methanogen (methane bacteria), carry out microorganism deep layer anaerobically fermenting, obtain lactic protein.Facts have proved, it is effective that this technique is rejected heavy metal.
Inventive principle (three): contain serious carcinogenic dioxin (Dioxins) material and concentration higher (because its lipotropy can accumulate in some position of animal adipose tissue and plant, barbecue meat or decoct Stir Vegetable and can produce and can gather dioxin) in changing food waste.International cancer research institution [IAPC] confirms " food is the main source of human body Nei dioxin ", and dioxin is defined as to " 1 class mankind carcinogens ", and therefore changing food waste must be removed dioxin.The object of eliminating dioxin from source is exactly to destroy its mode vicious cycle with biologic chain to cause the harm to human body.No matter be to make feed, still do biofuel, all do not remove Yin dioxin biologic chain and propagate the harm to the mankind causing.The highly stable lipotropy solid chemical compound of a class according to research institution of the world [IARC] about “ dioxin, its fusing point is higher, decomposition temperature is greater than 700 ℃, the utmost point is insoluble in water, dissolve in majority of organic solvent " theory, we can add humic acids and water glass mixture, emulsification slip in the slip of changing food waste; thus destroy the lipotropy of dioxin, allow it from fat, separate; Add after humic acids, the macromolecular basic structure of humic acids is aromatic ring and alicyclic ring, the functional groups such as the carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, quinonyl, methoxyl group linking on ring, in the deep layer anaerobically fermenting of sealing, can produce multiple organic solvent, especially the fat hydrocarbon organic solvent such as pentane, hexane, octane, solubilized dioxins materials, destroys its structure; And then by high temperature (62-72 ℃) biological fermentation, allow thermophile bacteria (as the bundle in horsehit nutrient solution pricks that bacterium, wood are mould, actinomycetes etc.) engulf dioxins materials, thoroughly to decompose inactivation dioxin.First separate, dissolve, and artifact is engulfed the mechanism that decomposition is elimination dioxin.
Inventive principle (four): changing food waste, containing excessive salt (sodium-chlor) and Nitrates material, should be adsorbed, dilute.A small amount of salt pair plant-growth is beneficial, and traditional agriculture also often has the custom of using agriculture salt, salt in biological medium (sodium-chlor) element that is also absolutely necessary.But excessive salt and Nitrates material are harmful to.Facts have proved, effective with wilkinite absorption Nitrates material and desalination.If add the wilkinite (sorbent material) of 1-3% before the discharging of rejecting heavy metal device, just can reach the effect of absorption Nitrates material and dilution salt, and wilkinite adsorbs after certain nitrate and salt, form soil conditioner, also can make loosing soil, improvement soil physical chemistry coefficient.
Inventive principle (five): contained bacterium, various parasitic ovum, pathogenic micro-organism etc. in changing food waste, must kill.Facts have proved, utilize sun power temperature controlled fermentation chamber device, by high temperature mineralization reaction fermentation, contained bacterium, various parasitic ovum, pathogenic micro-organism etc. in changing food waste thoroughly can be killed.
Inventive principle (six): the physicochemical property that utilizes fertilizer, fill a vacancy because lacking, add main nutrient, middle trace element and biotechnological formulation, plant growth regulating substance, soil conditioner containing quantity not sufficient in changing food waste, can produce high-quality microbial organic fertilizer.
Inventive principle (seven): the disposal and utilization of kitchen garbage, waste-water.Changing food waste water ratio is generally in 85% left and right, wherein quite a few water content >=90%, process incorrect, will form changing food waste processed fall, and the secondary pollution that sewage causes otherwise processed again.If the water in discharge changing food waste, oil molecule can together run off with water molecules again, once and grease run off, just lose a large amount of high-protein nutrients, cause changing food waste make microbial organic fertilizer value reduce.In fact, adopt technique of the present invention, the changing food waste directly defibrination that just need not add water, and realize recycling of water.In changing food waste composting, the ins and outs of water are: directly defibrination of the changing food waste of water ratio 85% left and right, and slip water ratio is constant (ignoring loss) almost; Take into account in anaerobic fermentation process at rejecting heavy metal, add humic acids and water glass mixture (rotten water glass) the emulsification slip of 5-10% and add 1-3% wilkinite desalting and dewatering the moisture content that can eliminate 5-10%, make changing food waste slip water ratio≤80%; The clear water that pushes 35% left and right from pressure filter can be used for composting granulation; Allotment material absorbs the moisture of 5-10%; Before fermentation, material is moisture at 35-40%; Thermophilic fermentation discharge moisture is taken away approximately 10% water; The moisture 25-30% of former fertilizer after fermentation; Reach because material is moisture >=60% can balling-up, 35% left and right so granulation balling-up must add water (granulation water is just in time the water yield that extruding is deviate from); Granular fertilizer finished product water content requirement≤20% after oven dry, unnecessary moisture has evaporated in oven dry.Through actual production checking, there is no unnecessary water discharge yet.It is practically applicable to the recirculated water of granulation, processed through add humic acids, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), polyacrylamide, anerobe, wilkinite (these are all sewage-treating agents) in slip, reach emission standard, in composting, recycled more out of question.In a word, can not cause the secondary pollution of waste water.
Inventive principle (eight): the pre-treatment of changing food waste is indispensable link.Changing food waste be not the imagination in so simple, except accounting for the water of 85% left and right and accounting for 13% organism, account in addition 0.3% plastic waste, 0.1% is difficult to Thigh bone, gigot bone, the fish fishbone into machine, the very strong meat extract of 1% viscosity, the in addition glass cylinder of Beer Bottle, bottle cap and fragmentation, disk, wooden dipper spoon etc.If sorting in addition, will not have influence on integral production technique.Changing food waste sorting can adopt the changing food waste pre-treatment unit that the present invention designs to complete.
Technical scheme of the present invention, its technical characterictic is to carry out according to the following steps: (1) adopts changing food waste pre-treatment unit, through rinsing, sieve, magnetic separation, rinsing, select metal objects and plastics, then obtain changing food waste coarse fodder slurry (water ratio 85% left and right) through fragmentation; (2) with taking out pulp grinder, that coarse fodder slurry is drawn into shadowboxing pulp grinder processed is levigate to 50-80 order, and inflow pulp storage tank also stirs into homogenate; (3) with slush pump, slip suction is rejected to heavy metal Rong Xie dioxin device, the rotten water glass of allocating slip weight 5-10% into is humic acids (humic acids) with water glass (Sodium metasilicate) by the mixture configuring at 1: 1, emulsified fat Shi dioxin loses lipotropy, from fat, separate, separate molecular state, ionic state heavy metal that plant and animal residues comprises simultaneously; Allocate metal chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid of slip weight 0.01% into; EDTA), complexing, precipitation are rejected heavy metal; Allocate milk-acid bacteria (Lactic acid bacteria), yeast (yeast), aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) and methanogen (methanebacteria) into by slurry weight 0.01% respectively, carry out microorganism deep layer anaerobically fermenting, now produce multiple organic solvent, dissolve and decompose dioxin-like chemical; In slip, allocate the flocculation agent polyacrylamide (Polyacrylamide, PAM) of slip weight 0.02% into, floating so that the fermented-organism that flocculates forms cenobium; Before discharging, allocate again wilkinite (Bentonite) absorption Nitrates material the desalination of slip weight 1-3% into; (4) utilize dehydration to mix fungus material allotment unit and make slurry dewatering 35% left and right, adjust C: N=25: 1, adjust C: P=100: 1, adjust pH value=6.5-7.5, and admix bundle in the wood mould (Trichoderma), actinomycetes (Actinomycetes), horsehit nutrient solution that promotes fermentation maturity by 0.1% of weight of material respectively and prick the coarse fiber materials such as the rice straw powder of bacterium (Beggiatoa) and weight of material 5-10%, milled powders of cornstalk, wheat bran (with the contained grease of changing food waste jointly as biological medium), and stir; (5) utilize solar-heating superconducting radiator intensification controllable biological proving room device, implement temperature controlled fermentation, in room temperature >=38 ℃, material temperature rises to 62-72 ℃ of condition bottom fermentation, make material realize the reaction of high temperature mineralization, rotten degree >=80%, to obtain water-soluble organic matter, amino acid, protein, the bundle that simultaneously dioxin is allocated in the time of high temperature (62-72 ℃) biological fermentation pricks that bacterium, wood are mould, these thermophile bacteria of actinomycetes are engulfed thorough decomposition inactivation; (6) utilize two coordination biological organic fertilizer production lines of designed, designed to carry out two minor element coordination granulations and make microbial organic fertilizer and various Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, dry volatilization and cause the former fertilizer of inefficacy and element before granulation for the first time, to allocate into as coordination for the first time not being afraid of, and then granulation, oven dry (moisture content≤15%), screening (diameter 2-4mm particle is qualified); Coordination granulation is for the second time that interpolation should not be dried but must be transferred in biotechnological formulation, soil conditioner, the plant growth regulating substance of organic fertilizer and measure the responsive element of little crop in former fertilizer, mixes rear granulation; Then in coordination for the first time dry particulate material and coordination for the second time not the drying particulate material ratio of 5: 1 enter that polishing machine mixes, polishing, then be finished product (diameter 2-4mm, moisture content≤20%) through screening.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: (1) the present invention has started the precedent that changing food waste is rejected heavy metal, decomposed dioxin, for changing food waste safe disposal provides a set of less investment cost low scheme, waste resource be can effectively recycle, new economic worth and the wealth of society created; (2) changing food waste composting discharges without waste water,waste gas and industrial residue, avoid the secondary pollution of soil, atmosphere and water resources that landfill, burning, compost may bring, alleviate the heavy pressure to urbanization ecological environmental pollution, can protect better and improve the ecological environment; (3) for agricultural provides fertilizer, be conducive to improve agricultural output and quality, for market increases organic non-polluted farm product, Support agriculture Sustainable development; (4) got rid of the condition of producing sewer oil, raising rubbish pig from source; (5) because rejecting heavy metal, decomposing dioxin, want high compared with the security of direct production feed disposal options, also produce biogas, preparing biological diesel oil disposal options less investment, good in economic efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: changing food waste fertilize preparation craft process block diagram
Fig. 2: changing food waste pre-treatment unit structural representation
Shown in figure: 1, douche can 2, filter sieve 3, magnetic separator 4, plastic cleaning pond 5, jaw crusher 6, metalwork receive bucket 7, kiln basin 8, take out pulp grinder
Fig. 3: domestic refuse shadowboxing pulp grinder processed structural representation
Shown in figure: 1, opening for feed 2, water mill formula rod mill 3, pusher filter sieve.
Fig. 4: reject heavy metal Rong Xie dioxin and have both anaerobic ferment devices structural representation
Shown in figure: 1, the large tank 2 of round shape, main shaft 3, motor 4, inlet pipe 5, ingredients mouth 6, organic materials fermentation cabin 7, stirrer 8, aerating apparatus 9, slurry outlet and control valve 10, funneling weight feed bin 11, spiral twist out device 12, weight outlet electrically operated valve 13, weight discharging slide plate 14, supporting leg 15, venting hole
Fig. 5: fungus material allotment unit structural representation is mixed in dehydration
Shown in figure: 1, batching coordination stirrer 2, batch bin 3, spiral propeller 4, pressure filter 5, take out pulp grinder and feed pipe for mortar 6, materials-stored box 7, blending bun 8, forced stirrer
Fig. 6: solar-heating superconducting radiator intensification controllable biological proving room device schematic diagram
Shown in figure: 1, water circulating pump 2, superconducting radiator 3, body of wall 4, upper hose 5, confession water tower 6, water-supply pipe 7, solar water heater 8, outfall sewer 9, exhausting air interchanger 10, instant-heating water tap 11, information window (thermopair) 12, input and output material gate
Fig. 7: two coordination novel biological fertilizer production line one-piece construction schematic diagram
Shown in figure: 1, charging mixer 2, pulverizer 3, conveying belt 4, granulation disc 5, dryer 6, trommel screen 7, control gauger 8, polishing machine 9, pocket of electrons installation
Embodiment
Changing food waste fertilize preparation craft flow process (Fig. 1): one, pre-treatment; Two, shadowboxing slurry processed; Three, harmless treatment; Four, fermentation is prepared; Five, high temperature mineralising; Six, two coordination compostings.
Changing food waste pre-treatment (Fig. 2): changing food waste is many thereby viscosity is also large containing grease, enters factory and can directly put douche can 1 into and (use variable-frequency motor, rotating speed is transferred to per minute 45 right side of turning left; Douche can internal diameter >=80cm, installs totally 8 of 10 × 10 × 10 (cm) rake tooths, for stirring changing food waste in bucket), automatically break up flushing; Douche can is close to filter sieve 2, and (its diameter is than the large 40cm of douche can; In sieve, be provided with spiral propeller; Mesh size≤15mm, prevent that beer bottle cap from leaking down), through screening, screen underflow flows into kiln basin 7 together with pulp-water, screen overflow falls into the conveying belt (picking out big article reclaims) of magnetic separator 3, metal objects is adsorbed by this machine magnetic drum, automatically falls into metalwork and receive bucket 6 (recovery) behind disengaging magnetic field; Waste or used plastics, large bone, fishbone etc. are sent to plastic cleaning pond 4 (Chi Shuizhong contains washing powder or sodium hydroxide), pull plastic waste (recycling) after cleaning out, and the water cycle of extracting out in pond is used; In pond, precipitate material and comprise that the organism such as bone, after small-sized jaw crusher 5 is pulverized, flow into kiln basin 7, mix with screen underflow, then by taking out pulp grinder 8 by slip suction next procedure.
Shadowboxing slurry refinement material processed (Fig. 3): the coarse fodder of last process kiln basin is starched through taking out pulp grinder suction shadowboxing pulp grinder processed opening for feed 1, levigate to 50-80 order in water mill formula rod mill 2 immediately, after homogenate is full, the screen cloth through pusher filter sieve 3 flows out again, enters pulp storage tank (being drawn into next procedure); Screen overflow plastic waste scrap stock are pulled to outlet and slide into conveying belt, recycle.
Reject heavy metal Rong Xie dioxin and have both deep layer anaerobically fermenting (Fig. 4): shadowboxing slurry gained processed homogenate is drawn into the large tank 1 of round shape by slush pump and inlet pipe 4, in the time being drawn into large tank 2/3rds volume, the first forward of starter motor 3 drives main shaft 2 and stirrer 7 Stirrings also to start aerating apparatus 8 aerations, adds through ingredients mouth 5 simultaneously: (1) slip weight 5-10% by humic acids and water glass by the mixture configuring at 1: 1; (2) slip weight 0.1% metal chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) [EDTA]; (3) milk-acid bacteria, yeast, aspergillus niger and the methanogen of slip weight each 0.01%.Each stirring 3 hours, sealing and standing 12 hours, so circulation in 3 days.When last stirring, add the flocculation agent polyacrylamide of slip weight 0.02% through ingredients mouth 5.When each leaving standstill, cover ingredients mouth 5 and venting hole 15 (biogas of generation can be collected by venting hole).Before discharging, add slip weight 1-3% wilkinite absorption Nitrates material desalination from ingredients mouth 5, and then the homogenate of organic materials fermentation cabin 6 is pumped to dehydration batching (next procedure) by slurry outlet and control valve 9.Then reverse motors 3 drives spiral to twist out device 11 again, by the heavy metal binding substances in funneling weight feed bin 10, exports electrically operated valve 12 twist out by weight, skids off recycling from weight discharging slide plate 13.
Bacterium materials allocating (Fig. 5) is mixed in dehydration: suppress into large-scale pressure filter 4 from heavy metal device for eliminating extraction homogenate by taking out pulp grinder and feed pipe for mortar 5; The clear water of extruding from canvas press cloth, granulation whitewashing while can be used for composting.After in pressure filter, material is pressed completely, discharging falls into bottom materials-stored box 6; According to formula, prepare burden (coarse fiber material, bacterial classification and adjustment carbon-nitrogen ratio, carbon-phosphorus ratio and pH value need the element adding) put into batching coordination stirrer 1, after stirring, drive valve and fall into batch bin 2; Respectively the material of batch bin and materials-stored box is pushed to element coordination blending bun 7, approximately 1 ton hour that is positioned at below by spiral propeller 3 again, open blending bun switchboard, after sending forced stirrer 8 to stir pair materials, send into next procedure with agricultural vehicle.
High temperature mineralization reaction fermentation (Fig. 6): the material after last process is stirred is sent into temperature controlled fermentation chamber, piles high trapezoidal of 5-6 rice with hook machine, closes the doors and windows; Start water circulating pump 1 and by upper hose 4, water (recycling) is input into for water tower 5, the water in tower enters solar water heater 7 through water-supply pipe 6; Open solar water heater, hot water (>=35 ℃) is arranged on to the superconducting radiator 2 on body of wall 3 by outfall sewer 8 and 10 inputs of instant-heating water tap, room temperature and material temperature can rise very soon, with information window (thermopair) 11 monitor temperatures.In room temperature >=38 ℃, material temperature rises to 62-72 ℃ of condition bottom fermentation 2 days, then closes superconducting radiator, opens the 9 cooling ventilations of exhausting air interchanger, uses the turning of hook machine simultaneously.After turning, open superconducting radiator, close exhausting air interchanger, the fermentation two days that again heats up, then turning is once.So, through three turnings, can substantially reach the uniformity coefficient of fermentation maturity, rotten degree >=80%, gets final product discharging, Here it is the former fertilizer of thermophilic fermentation.
Two coordination microbial organic fertilizer finished products are made (Fig. 7): adopt two coordination novel biological fertilizer production lines to complete.Coordination is for the first time that former fertilizer is sent in charging mixer 1-1 and added not to be afraid of and dry the element that causes inefficacy in volatilization, after being uniformly mixed, flow into pulverizing (because stirring after preparing burden can form bulk material) in pulverizer 2-1, then send granulation disc 4-1 balling-up to through conveying belt 3-1, send dryer 5 to through conveying belt 3-3 again, dry after 15 minutes, the conveying belt 3-5 that flows through sends trommel screen 6-1 screening (material of diameter < 2mm or > 4mm steams again and reforms) to, (diameter 2-4mm meets the requirements, water ratio≤15%) particulate material move to polishing machine 7 through conveying belt 3-6, coordination is for the second time former fertilizer to be sent in another set of charging mixer 1-2 and added should not dry but must transfer in the biotechnological formulation of organic fertilizer, soil conditioner, plant growth regulating substance and measure the responsive element of little crop, after being uniformly mixed, flow into pulverizing (because stirring after preparing burden can form bulk material) in pulverizer 2-2, then send granulation disc 4-2 balling-up to through conveying belt 3-2, send to and control gauger 7 through conveying belt 3-4 again, control and flow into the conveying belt 3-6 shared with drying particle, together enter polishing machine 8 with the particulate material of drying, the ratio that two kinds of particles enter polishing machine is 5 (granulations for the first time): 1 (granulation for the second time), mix with polishing and complete simultaneously, again after conveying belt 3-7 enters trommel screen 6-2 screening, enter pocket of electrons installation 9 packing (particle diameter 2-4mm through conveying belt 3-8, water ratio≤20%).
Embodiment: this routine corn special microorganism fertilizer carries out at two coordination biological organic fertilizer production lines, adopt the large-scale co-grinding unit that volume is 1000Kg, utilize fertile 48 tons of the proferment of 194 tons of changing food wastes and batching output, add in proportion: 4.8 tons, urea, 3.36 tons, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, 2.4 tons, Repone K, 0.96 ton of manganous sulfate, 0.48 ton of Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate, 2.4 tons of sodium silicate aqueous solutions, Sodium orthomolybdate 48Kg, copper sulfate 38.4Kg, biotechnological formulation 48Kg, adds rich carrier plant hormone mixture 48Kg, soil conditioner 48Kg.Once former fertile injected volume is 500Kg.Operating process is as follows:
The preparation of water glass slip: the amount of being watered=(former fertile 48t+ urea 4.8t+ fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 3.36t+ Repone K 2.4t+ manganous sulfate 0.96t+ Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate 0.48t) × 5/6 × 30%=15t; 2.4 tons of sodium silicate aqueous solutions are watered to 15 tons of mixtures and become slip, in the time that coordination granulation is for the first time whitewashed, use.
The preparation of the soil conditioner aqueous solution: the amount of being watered=(former fertile 48t+ urea 4.8t+ fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 3.36t+ Repone K 2.4t+ manganous sulfate 0.96t+ Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate 0.48t) × 1/6 × 35%=3.5t; Soil conditioner 48Kg is watered to 3.5 tons of mixtures and becomes the aqueous solution, in the time of coordination granulation for the second time, use.
Element coordination for the first time (A group): arrange 5 cover co-grinding units simultaneously to produce.The former fertile 500Kg of every cover is (for once measuring, the each operate continuously of every cover unit 16 times, share former fertile 40 tons), add urea 50Kg, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 35Kg, Repone K 25Kg, manganous sulfate 10Kg, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate 5Kg, start mixes, pulverizes and starts granulation disc on conveying belt, open whitewashing switch (adjusting whitewashing to correct position), spray into the water glass slip having prepared and carry out granulation, in the time that particle forms (2-4mm), 5 cover unit material enter conveying belt simultaneously and send to oven dry.Open baker air door, start dryer and rotate, dried discharging (water ratio≤15%) through 15 minutes, screening, stand-by.
Element coordination for the second time (B group): arrange 1 cover unit, produce with element coordination for the first time simultaneously.Former fertile 500Kg is (for once measuring, operate continuously 16 times, share former fertile 8 tons), add urea 50Kg, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 35Kg, Repone K 25Kg, manganous sulfate 10Kg, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate 5Kg, add again Sodium orthomolybdate 3Kg, copper sulfate 2.4Kg, biotechnological formulation 3Kg, add rich carrier plant hormone mixture 3Kg, start mixes, pulverizing falls into conveying belt and serves granulation disc, opens whitewashing switch (adjusting whitewashing to correct position), then sprays into the soil conditioner aqueous solution having prepared, granulation balling-up, sends control gauger to.
Open control gauger, in the particulate material of the drying of element coordination for the first time and element coordination for the second time not the particulate material ratio of 5: 1 of drying enter shared conveying belt, send that polishing machine mixes, screening arranges to, pack with electronic packaging machine.This batch of finished product amounts to 48.4 tons, through checking the technology quality index that meets relative national standards and reach designed, designed.
Ton product quality indicator and formula table thereof
Corn ton product quality indicator and formula table thereof
Total effective constituent >=45% water ratio≤20%.Above gross weight 1355Kg, deducts and dries moisture and normal loss approximately after 25%, and it is also 1 ton that 1 ton of former fertilizer adds the batching institute loose body of final product.
Claims (1)
1. changing food waste is rejected the method that heavy metal decomposes dioxin mineralization fermentation composting, its technical characterictic is to carry out according to the following steps: (1) adopts changing food waste pre-treatment unit, through rinsing, sieve, magnetic separation, rinsing, select metal objects and plastics, then obtain changing food waste coarse fodder slurry through fragmentation; (2) with taking out pulp grinder, that coarse fodder slurry is drawn into shadowboxing pulp grinder processed is levigate to 50-80 order, and inflow pulp storage tank also stirs into homogenate; (3) with slush pump, refining is starched to suction and reject heavy metal Rong Xie dioxin device, the rotten water glass of allocating slip weight 5-10% into is the mixture that humic acids and water glass configure by 1:1, emulsified fat Shi dioxin loses lipotropy, from fat, separate, separate molecular state, ionic state heavy metal that plant and animal residues comprises simultaneously; Allocate EDTA complex, the precipitation of slip weight 0.01% into and reject heavy metal; Allocate yeast, milk-acid bacteria, aspergillus niger and methanogen into by 0.01% of slurry weight respectively, carry out microorganism deep layer anaerobically fermenting, now produce multiple organic solvent dissolution and decompose dioxins materials; In slip, allocate the flocculation agent polyacrylamide of slip weight 0.02% into, the fermented-organism of flocculating forms cenobium and floating; Before discharging, allocate again wilkinite absorption Nitrates material the desalination of slip weight 1-3% into; (4) utilize dehydration to mix fungus material allotment unit and make slurry dewatering 35%, adjust C ︰ N=25 ︰ 1, adjust C ︰ P=100 ︰ 1, adjust pH value=6.5-7.5, and admix by 0.1% of weight of material respectively promote the wood of fermentation maturity mould, bundle in actinomycetes, horsehit nutrient solution pricks rice straw powder, milled powders of cornstalk, the wheat bran coarse fiber material of bacterium and weight of material 5-10% and stirs; (5) utilize solar-heating superconducting radiator intensification controllable biological proving room device, implement temperature controlled fermentation, in room temperature >=38 ℃, material temperature rises to 62-72 ℃ of condition bottom fermentation, make material realize the reaction of high temperature mineralization, rotten degree >=80%, to obtain water-soluble organic matter, amino acid, protein, the bundle that simultaneously dioxin is allocated in the time of 62-72 ℃ of high-temperature biological fermentation pricks that bacterium, wood are mould, these thermophile bacteria of actinomycetes are engulfed thorough decomposition inactivation; (6) utilize two coordination biological organic fertilizer production lines of designed, designed to carry out two minor element coordination granulations and make microbial organic fertilizer and various Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, dry volatilization and cause the former fertilizer of inefficacy and element before granulation for the first time, to allocate into as coordination for the first time not being afraid of, and then granulation, oven dry, screening; Coordination granulation is for the second time that interpolation should not be dried but must be transferred in biotechnological formulation, soil conditioner, the plant growth regulating substance of organic fertilizer and measure the responsive element of little crop in former fertilizer, mixes rear granulation; Particulate material and the coordination for the second time of then drying in the coordination for the first time not ratio of particulate material 5 ︰ 1 of drying enters that polishing machine mixes, polishing, then after screening, is the finished product of particle diameter 2-4mm, moisture content≤20%.
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