CN1572630A - Automobile inferior body structure - Google Patents

Automobile inferior body structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1572630A
CN1572630A CN 200410048817 CN200410048817A CN1572630A CN 1572630 A CN1572630 A CN 1572630A CN 200410048817 CN200410048817 CN 200410048817 CN 200410048817 A CN200410048817 A CN 200410048817A CN 1572630 A CN1572630 A CN 1572630A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
hurdle
mentioned
inboard
skeleton
vehicle body
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Granted
Application number
CN 200410048817
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Chinese (zh)
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CN100408409C (en
Inventor
前园文则
知北胜
杉山豪
山田泰生
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Mazda Motor Corp
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Mazda Motor Corp
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Publication of CN1572630A publication Critical patent/CN1572630A/en
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Publication of CN100408409C publication Critical patent/CN100408409C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The invention relates to an automobile underbody structure, comprising two side barriers arranged on both left and right sides and two rear frames arranged on both left and right sides under a bottom plate in the rear part of the automobile; the rear frames extend from the rear end of the bottom plate to the front part of the vehicle body and are respectively connected with the side barriers on the left and right sides; each side barrier is provided with an outer side barrier and an inner side barrier; a concave part extending to both front and rear sides of the body is arranged on the side barrier and is provided with an opening, which is formed on the outer lateral face of the outer barrier; a slide rail of a sliding door is arranged in the concave part; the front part of the slide rail displaces inwards the body in relation to the rear part of the slide rail; the part of the inner side barrier corresponding to the front part of the slide rail displacing into the inside of the body is provided with a concave in relation to the front part of the inner side barrier and the concave extends to the rear end of the inner side barrier; and the rear end of the inner side barrier is connected with the front end of the rear frame to form a continuous frame structure along the longitudinal direction of the body. The automobile underbody structure has an advantage that the collision load generated by the collision on the rear part of the automobile can be spread to the side barriers so as to avoid the deformation of the rear frame and ensure the safety of passengers.

Description

Automobile lower body structure
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of automobile lower body construction.
Technical background
RV car in the past (RV recreational vehicle (recreational vehicle)) for guaranteeing the intensity and the rigidity of car floor vehicle bodies such as (floor), is provided with rear side skeleton (rear side frame) at body tail usually.The structure of rear side skeleton as shown in figure 11, the 1st curb girder (side member) 3 that is positioned at the left and right sides is connected with the rear portion bottom girder that is positioned at the rear end (lower backmember) 2 on the vehicle fore-and-aft direction, be connected with the 2nd curb girder 4 on each the 1st curb girder 3, the leading section of each the 2nd curb girder 4 respectively be positioned at about the side, rear end of latching system 5 be connected, and between the 2nd curb girder 4 in the left and right sides, be provided with the 1st crossbeam 6, the 2nd crossbeam 7 and the 3rd crossbeam 8 are connected with back side lower part reinforcement 10 (opening the 2000-289645 communique with reference to the spy) between the bottom reinforcement 9 of other the 1st crossbeam 6 and front side skeleton.
When the vehicle of the rear side skeleton 1 with said structure was subjected to colliding from behind, if suffered collision load surpasses stated limit, then the 2nd curb girder 4 can produce the bending distortion.Thus, because of being subjected to colliding, the back make the 2nd curb girder produce distortion, be installed in then that set rear seat can produce bigger displacement to vehicle front on the upper surface of the not shown heel slab on the rear side skeleton 1, dwindled the driving space simultaneously, thereby be unfavorable for guaranteeing passenger's safety.At above problem, disclosed structure is to be provided with reinforcement between the 2nd crossbeam 7 and front side skeleton in above-mentioned patent documentation.
Summary of the invention
Automobile lower body construction provided by the present invention, be different from the disclosed structure of above-mentioned patent documentation, the collision load dispersing that is produced in the time of automobile can being subjected to colliding from behind by automobile lower body structure of the present invention is to the side hurdle, thereby prevent that the rear side skeleton from producing distortion, to guarantee passenger's safety.
Automobile lower body construction of the present invention, comprise the side hurdle that is arranged on the vehicle body left and right sides and be arranged on the rear side skeleton of the left and right sides of the floor below of automobile rear, above-mentioned rear side skeleton extends to vehicle body the place ahead from the rear end of above-mentioned base plate, and be connected with the side hurdle of the above-mentioned left and right sides respectively, wherein above-mentioned side hurdle possesses hurdle, the outside and inboard hurdle, above-mentioned side hurdle is formed with the recess that extends along the vehicle body fore-and-aft direction, the opening of this recess is formed on the lateral surface on hurdle, the above-mentioned outside, and in this recess, be provided with the sliding door slide rail, the front portion of this slide rail produces displacement with respect to the rear portion of this slide rail to interior of body, the part to the front portion of the inboard displacement of vehicle body corresponding to above-mentioned slide rail on above-mentioned inboard hurdle is compared with the front part on this hurdle, inboard to the inboard depression that produces of vehicle body, and this sunk part extends to the rear end on inboard hurdle always, the rear end of the sunk part on above-mentioned inboard hurdle is connected with the front end of above-mentioned rear side skeleton, to form the consecutive cage construction on the vehicle body fore-and-aft direction of above-mentioned inboard hurdle and rear side skeleton.
Adopt said structure, because the sunk part on inboard hurdle is connected with the front end of rear side skeleton, to form the consecutive cage construction on the vehicle body fore-and-aft direction of inboard hurdle and rear side skeleton, therefore the collision load that is produced in the time of vehicle can being subjected to colliding from behind directly is sent to the side hurdle from the rear side skeleton, the application force that makes the rear side skeleton to the bending direction bending can be suppressed in the minimum zone thus, thereby can prevent the distortion of rear side skeleton, to guarantee passenger's safety.
In above-mentioned automobile lower body construction, above-mentioned rear side skeleton produces displacement with respect to the front part on above-mentioned side hurdle to the vehicle body inboard, other skeleton parts that are different from above-mentioned inboard hurdle front part are adopted in the rear end of the sunk part on above-mentioned at least inboard hurdle, this skeleton part is connected with above-mentioned rear side skeleton, and the above-mentioned skeleton part of rear end that constitutes the sunk part on above-mentioned left and right sides hurdle is connected by crossbeam.
Adopt said structure, because other skeleton parts of the front part that is different from inboard hurdle have been adopted in the rear end of the sunk part on inboard at least hurdle, and this skeleton part is connected with the rear side skeleton, be that above-mentioned skeleton part and inboard hurdle and rear side skeleton are formed on the vehicle body fore-and-aft direction to continuous cage construction, even therefore to the inboard generation of vehicle body displacement, the side hurdle also can easily be connected with the rear side skeleton rear side skeleton with respect to the front part on side hurdle.And, the application force that makes the rear side skeleton to the bending direction bending can be suppressed in the minimum zone, thereby can prevent the distortion of rear side skeleton, to guarantee passenger's safety.
And, the skeleton part that constitutes the sunk part rear end on left and right sides hurdle is connected by crossbeam, therefore help preventing skeleton part and rear side skeleton connecting portion and near become the starting point of the collision framework deformation that load causes that produces when being subjected to charge from bchind, the while loads at the collision of side impact and also can constitute strong cage construction.
In above-mentioned automobile lower body construction, also comprise the left and right sides of the floor below that is arranged on automotive front and the front side skeleton that extends along the vehicle body fore-and-aft direction, the rear end of this front side skeleton extends to and the equitant position of the sunk part on above-mentioned inboard hurdle always, and the front side skeleton of the above-mentioned left and right sides is connected with the sunk part on the inboard hurdle that is positioned at the skeleton outside, front side, the left and right sides respectively by the 2nd crossbeam.
Adopt said structure, because the front side skeleton of the left and right sides is connected with the sunk part on the inboard hurdle that is arranged on its outside respectively, therefore at the collision load structure of side impact strong cage construction, simultaneously the collision load that can be produced when being subjected to charge from bchind is distributed to the front side skeleton from the side hurdle, thereby the distortion of rear side skeleton is suppressed in the minimum zone.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the related automobile appearance oblique drawing of the invention process form.
Fig. 2 is the planar view of the related automobile lower body construction of the invention process form.
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of the A-A line direction of arrow among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the exploded perspective view that the related automobile right side skeleton knot of the invention process form is made.
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view of the B-B line direction of arrow among Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is the installation exploded perspective view of the related intermediate transverse girder of the invention process form.
Fig. 7 is the cutaway view of the C-C line direction of arrow among Fig. 2.
Fig. 8 is the lateral plan of the related automobile lower structure of the invention process form.
Fig. 9 is the section plan of the related automobile right side skeleton structure of the invention process form.
Figure 10 is the cutaway view of the D-D line direction of arrow among Fig. 9.
Figure 11 is the planar view of posterior bony shelf structure in the past.
The specific embodiment
Below, with reference to the accompanying drawings example of the present invention is described.
Shown in Figure 1 is the outward appearance oblique drawing of the related automobile of the invention process form 11.The pillion car door of automobile 11 adopts the sliding door (slide door) 12 that can open and close, and is respectively arranged with the sliding door slide rail 15 of the rod (not shown) of the above-mentioned sliding door 12 of guiding on roof slide rail (roof side rail) 13 and side hurdle (side sill) 14.In addition, parts 40 are gin pole (center pillar), upright being located between driver door and the tail gate, and connect roof slide rail 13 and sliding door slide rail 15.
Shown in Figure 2 is the planar view of the bottom body construction of automobile 11.In the following description, described direction all around is a benchmark with the direction all around of vehicle body.As shown in Figure 2, the rear side skeleton 20 that forwards extends from body rear end is arranged on the left and right sides of vehicle body, and the front end of each rear side skeleton 20,20 is connected with the skeleton part 21,21 of the rearward end that forms side hurdle 14,14 respectively.In addition, vehicle body inner side (promptly between two side hurdles 14,14) on the side hurdle 14,14 that is positioned at the automotive front floor below, be provided with two front side skeletons 22,22 that extend along the vehicle fore-and-aft direction, and two front side skeletons 22,22 are separated by a distance at vehicle-width direction.
In addition, about the rear side skeleton that is provided with 20,20 connected by rear side crossbeam 26, left and right sides skeleton part 21,21 is connected by centre cross member 27 (the 1st crossbeam), about the side hurdle 14,14 that is provided with connected by side hurdle crossbeam 28 (the 3rd crossbeam), about the front side skeleton 22,22 of setting be connected with the side hurdle 14,14 that is arranged on front side skeleton 22,22 outsides respectively by front side crossbeam (the 2nd crossbeam) 29,29.
As shown in Figure 3, hurdle, the outside 14b that side hurdle 14 is included in the inboard hurdle 14a that is positioned at the vehicle body inboard on the vehicle-width direction and is positioned at the vehicle body outside on the overall width direction, upper limb and lower edge at above-mentioned inboard hurdle 14a and hurdle, outside 14b are formed with flange part respectively, these flange parts are bonded with each other, and constitute the osed top section.
On hurdle, outside 14b, be provided with the peristome 30 that extends along the vehicle body fore-and-aft direction, and the support (bracket) (recess) 31 that roughly is " コ " shape from this peristome 30 to side hurdle 14 inboard depressions and section.And, be equipped with that Open Side Down and section is the sliding door slide rail 15 of recess in the upper inner of this support 31.In addition, the front portion of support 31 more to the inboard depression of vehicle body, is arranged on the sliding door slide rail 15 of the upper inner of support 31 than the rear portion simultaneously, along the concave shape of support 31, produces skew from front portion to the rear portion of support 31 to vehicle body is inboard.And the part to the front portion of the inboard displacement of vehicle body corresponding to above-mentioned slide rail 15 of above-mentioned inboard hurdle 14a is compared with the front part of this hurdle, inboard 14a to vehicle body is inboard and is produced depression, and this sunk part extends to the rear end of this hurdle, inboard 14a always.
Thus, sliding door can slide along above-mentioned sliding door slide rail 15, when sliding door is in the slide rail front end, this sliding door is drawn towards the vehicle body inboard and enters closed condition, when this sliding door when rear view of vehicle slides, then this sliding door side shifting outside vehicle body gradually enters open state thus.
In addition, the vehicle body of support 31 outside lower edge is connected with the reinforcement 34 that is used to strengthen side hurdle 14, to constitute the closed section to the extension of vehicle body fore-and-aft direction along side hurdle 14 with hurdle, outside 14b.The vehicle body outside lower edge of the upper limb of above-mentioned reinforcement 34 and hurdle, outside 14b and support 31 links together, and the lower edge of this reinforcement 34 is clamped by the flange of the lower edge of the flange of the lower edge of inboard hurdle 14a and hurdle, outside 14b simultaneously, thereby is bonded into one.
Gin pole 40 is made of outer column 41 that is arranged on the vehicle body outside and the inner column 42 that is arranged on the vehicle body inboard, this outer column 41 is formed with flange (not shown) respectively with inner column 42 on the vehicle body fore-and-aft direction, and the closed section that has been interconnected to form by above-mentioned flange.And, be provided with the brace panel 43 that is connected above-mentioned outer column 41 and inner column 42 and is used to strengthen gin pole 40 between outer column 41 and the inner column 42.In addition, by being connected of outer column 41 and hurdle, outside 14b, and being connected of the flange of inner column 42 and the upper limb of inboard hurdle 14a, gin pole 40 can be installed on the side hurdle 14.Simultaneously, above-mentioned support 31 is positioned on the junction surface that vehicle body outside upper limb overlaps above-mentioned outer column 41 and brace panel 43 and is connected.
Side-lower is provided with corner plate (gusset) 35 in the vehicle body of support 31.The upper limb of corner plate 35 is connected with the side that is positioned at the vehicle body inboard of support 31, and the lower edge of corner plate 35 is connected with reinforcement 34 simultaneously.
Front side skeleton 22 is positioned at the inboard on above-mentioned side hurdle 14, this front side skeleton 22 adopt openings upwards and section roughly be the parts of recess, and the upper end forms flange by bending, this flange is connected with the lower surface of front part of vehicle base plate 50 with the formation closed section.As shown in Figure 2, the rear end of front side skeleton 22 extends to and the equitant position of the sunk part of above-mentioned inboard hurdle 14a always, and the front side skeleton 22,22 of the above-mentioned left and right sides is connected with the above-mentioned inboard hurdle 14a that is arranged on front side skeleton 22,22 outsides, the depressed part of 14a by front side crossbeam 29,29 respectively.
As shown in Figure 4, the leading section of inboard hurdle 14a is formed by a plurality of unit constructions, specifically comprise, the front portion and the section that constitute this hurdle, inboard 14a roughly are the front component 16a of " コ " shape, formation is compared the bottom part 16b to the depressed part of the inboard depression of vehicle body with the front component 16a of this hurdle, inboard 14a, the 1st vehicle body inner side surface parts 16c and the 2nd vehicle body inner side surface parts 16d constitute the 1st upper component 16e and the 2nd upper component 16f of the depressed part upper surface of this hurdle, inboard 14a.
And, constitute the skeleton part 21 of the rearward end of inboard hurdle 14a, by inner frame member 21a, top panel 21b, outer skeleton parts 21c (as shown in Figure 5) constitutes.The rear portion of the vehicle body inside side walls of inner frame member 21a is to the vehicle body outside curve.And as shown in Figure 5, the upper end of the vehicle body inside side walls of inner frame member 21a forms flange by bending, and above-mentioned top panel 21b is connected on this flange.In addition, the outer skeleton parts 21c that is arranged on the vehicle-width direction outside is connected with above-mentioned inner frame member 21a and top panel 21b with the formation closed section.And be provided with reinforced rib 21d and brace panel 21e in the inside of above-mentioned skeleton part 21, reinforced rib 21d is connected with vehicle body inside side walls and the outer skeleton parts 21c of inner frame member 21a, play booster action thus, the section of brace panel 21e roughly is the L type, and be fixed on the bottom surface and vehicle body inside side walls of inner frame member 21a, strengthen above-mentioned inner frame member 21a thus.
The rear portion of outside hurdle 14b extends to the rear end of skeleton part 21 always, the rear portion of the upper limb of support 31 extends upward, and be clipped between the flange of upper limb of the flange of upper limb of outer skeleton parts 21c and hurdle, outside 14b, and be bonded with each other and be integral, thereby constitute closed section.
In addition, as shown in Figure 2, connect the centre cross member 27 of the skeleton part 21,21 about being positioned at, its two ends respectively be positioned at about the vehicle body inner side surface of skeleton part 21,21 be connected.And, the centre portion of this centre cross member 27 from the two ends of centre cross member 27 to the vehicle body inboard along oblique upper to extension, along continuous straight runs extends on vehicle-width direction then, and above-mentioned centre portion is positioned at the top of the upper surface of above-mentioned skeleton part 21.And as shown in Figure 6, reinforcement 27a strides to centre cross member 27 from skeleton part 21, and the two ends of this reinforcement 27a are connected with centre cross member 27 with above-mentioned skeleton part 21 respectively.
As shown in Figure 7, rear side skeleton 20 for opening upwards and section roughly be the parts of recess, its upper end is by being bent to form flange, this flange is connected with the lower surface of heel slab 51 with the formation closed section.In addition, as Fig. 2 or shown in Figure 4, near the installation site of the rear wheel of 14 rear ends, side hurdle, be provided with the suspension stay bearing plate 25a that is used to install the suspension of rocking because of the uneven caused vehicle body of ground-surface in the time of can absorbing vehicle and advance, the bottom of this suspension stay bearing plate 25a is provided with suspension mounting appliance 25b.
In addition as shown in Figure 8, the front portion of above-mentioned rear side skeleton 20 produces crooked, makes the front portion of this rear side skeleton 20 be positioned at the below at rear portion.And as shown in Figure 9, otch processing has been carried out in the front portion of the vehicle body of rear side skeleton 20 outside sidewall 20b, makes the front end of this vehicle body outside sidewall 20b compare the position that is positioned at after a while with the front end of vehicle body inside side walls 20a thus.
And, above-mentioned rear side skeleton 20 is through displacement, compare with the front part of above-mentioned inboard hurdle 14a and more to be positioned at the vehicle body inboard, the inner frame member 21a of skeleton part 21 that constitutes the rearward end of this hurdle, inboard 14a simultaneously is connected with above-mentioned rear side skeleton 20, and above-mentioned thus inboard hurdle 14a and rear side skeleton 20 are formed in cage construction continuous on the fore-and-aft direction.Promptly, be positioned at overlapping connection of front end of rear end and the vehicle body inside side walls of above-mentioned inner frame member 21a of the 2nd vehicle body inner side surface 16d of portion of the front end of above-mentioned inboard hurdle 14a, the rear portion that is positioned at the vehicle body inside side walls of above-mentioned inner frame member 21a contacts to the face of the vehicle body outside curve front end with the vehicle body outside sidewall 20b of rear side skeleton 20, the overlapping connection of vehicle body inside side walls 20a of the vehicle body inside side walls of above-mentioned inner frame member 21a and rear side skeleton 20 under above-mentioned state.And as shown in figure 10, the bottom of inner frame member 21a is connected with the upper base surface of rear side skeleton 20 is overlapping.
Adopt said structure, when automobile is subjected to colliding from behind, the collision of the being born load of rear side skeleton 20 can directly be transferred into inboard hurdle 14a from the vehicle body inside side walls 20 of rear side skeleton 20, the application force that makes skeleton to the bending direction bending can be suppressed in the minimum zone thus.
As shown in Figure 8, adopt above-mentioned lower vehicle body construction after, heel slab 51 can be set along the upper surface of rear side skeleton 20, and seat 52 etc. is installed on the upper surface of this heel slab 51, not shown car shell is installed simultaneously.
By adopting above-mentioned cage construction, when for example vehicle stops because of stop signal, if be subjected to the collision of other vehicle from behind, the collision load that above-mentioned collision produced is transfused to the rear side skeleton 20,20 about being positioned at, and reached the leading section on side hurdle 14 from the skeleton part 21 of the rearward end of rear side skeleton 20 by constituting side hurdle 14, but because from rear side skeleton 20 continuous cage construction of 14 formation to the side hurdle, therefore produce the application force that makes the skeleton bending because of the input of above-mentioned collision load hardly, thereby the distortion of skeleton can be suppressed in the minimum zone.Can solve rear seat thus and produce bigger moving to vehicle front, and because of driving the less problem that hinders passenger safety in space.

Claims (3)

1. automobile lower body construction is characterized in that comprising:
Be arranged on the side hurdle of the vehicle body left and right sides;
Be arranged on the rear side skeleton of the left and right sides of the floor below of automobile rear, above-mentioned rear side skeleton extends to vehicle body the place ahead from the rear end of above-mentioned base plate, and is connected with the side hurdle of the above-mentioned left and right sides respectively;
Wherein,
Above-mentioned side hurdle possesses hurdle, the outside and inboard hurdle,
Above-mentioned side hurdle is formed with the recess that extends along the vehicle body fore-and-aft direction, and the opening of this recess is formed on the lateral surface on hurdle, the above-mentioned outside, and is provided with the sliding door slide rail in this recess, and the front portion of this slide rail produces displacement with respect to the rear portion of this slide rail to interior of body,
The part to the front portion of the inboard displacement of vehicle body corresponding to above-mentioned slide rail on above-mentioned inboard hurdle is compared with the front part on this hurdle, inboard to vehicle body is inboard and is produced depression, and this sunk part extends to the rear end on inboard hurdle always,
The rear end of the sunk part on above-mentioned inboard hurdle is connected with the front end of above-mentioned rear side skeleton, to form the consecutive cage construction on the vehicle body fore-and-aft direction of above-mentioned inboard hurdle and rear side skeleton.
2. automobile lower body construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned rear side skeleton produces displacement with respect to the front part on above-mentioned side hurdle to the vehicle body inboard,
Other skeleton parts that are different from above-mentioned inboard hurdle front part are adopted in the rear end of the sunk part on above-mentioned at least inboard hurdle, and this skeleton part is connected with above-mentioned rear side skeleton,
The above-mentioned skeleton part of rear end that constitutes the sunk part on above-mentioned left and right sides hurdle is connected by the 1st crossbeam.
3. automobile lower body construction according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Be arranged on the left and right sides of the floor below of automotive front, and the front side skeleton that extends along the vehicle body fore-and-aft direction, the rear end of this front side skeleton extends to and the equitant position of the sunk part on above-mentioned inboard hurdle always;
The 2nd crossbeam is connected the front side skeleton of the above-mentioned left and right sides respectively with the sunk part on the inboard hurdle that is positioned at the skeleton outside, front side, the left and right sides.
CNB2004100488172A 2003-06-11 2004-05-28 Automobile inferior body structure Expired - Fee Related CN100408409C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003166008A JP4352769B2 (en) 2003-06-11 2003-06-11 Lower body structure of automobile
JP2003166008 2003-06-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1572630A true CN1572630A (en) 2005-02-02
CN100408409C CN100408409C (en) 2008-08-06

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CN (1) CN100408409C (en)

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CN102358349A (en) * 2011-08-11 2012-02-22 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Front body framework structure of automobile
CN102381366A (en) * 2010-08-25 2012-03-21 马自达汽车株式会社 Vehicle-body lower structure of vehicle
CN103072633A (en) * 2011-10-11 2013-05-01 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Underbody structure for at least two motor vehicles (in particular for at least two cars)
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CN101913380B (en) * 2009-03-17 2014-04-16 马自达汽车株式会社 Lower vehicle-body structure of vehicle
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CN102358349A (en) * 2011-08-11 2012-02-22 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Front body framework structure of automobile
CN102358349B (en) * 2011-08-11 2013-06-12 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Front body framework structure of automobile
CN103072633A (en) * 2011-10-11 2013-05-01 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Underbody structure for at least two motor vehicles (in particular for at least two cars)
CN103072633B (en) * 2011-10-11 2017-03-01 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Base arrangement at least two automobiles
CN106347500A (en) * 2015-07-16 2017-01-25 铃木株式会社 Structure of side beam part
CN107021140A (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-08-08 本田技研工业株式会社 Bottom section of body

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JP4352769B2 (en) 2009-10-28
CN100408409C (en) 2008-08-06
JP2005001473A (en) 2005-01-06

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