CN1570189A - High heat conductivity, low expansion carbon-carbon/aluminium composite material - Google Patents
High heat conductivity, low expansion carbon-carbon/aluminium composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1570189A CN1570189A CN 200410018284 CN200410018284A CN1570189A CN 1570189 A CN1570189 A CN 1570189A CN 200410018284 CN200410018284 CN 200410018284 CN 200410018284 A CN200410018284 A CN 200410018284A CN 1570189 A CN1570189 A CN 1570189A
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Abstract
The invention provides a carbon-carbon/aluminum composite material with high heat conductivity and low expansivity for electronic devices. The carbon-carbon/aluminum composite material consists of the carbon fiber, the pyrolytic carbon, and the aluminium matrix, wherein the carbon fiber is covered by pyrolytic carbon layer, the outside of the pyrolytic carbon layer is aluminum matrix, and the thickness of the pyrolytic carbon layer is 1 mu m to 4 mu m. In the invention, the chemical compatibility between the pyrolytic carbon and the aluminum matrix can reduce the interface thermal resistance and the pyrolytic carbon with superhigh thermal conductivity can be obtained by controlling the form of the pyrolytic carbon.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum composite, specifically is a kind of high heat conduction, low bulk carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite.Be used for field of electronic devices.
Background technology
Continuous development along with electronic information technology, improving constantly of semi-conductor integrated level, chip unit surface power is also improving constantly, the raising of energy density causes power loss also improving constantly, and power loss is to scatter and disappear with the form of heat more than 99%, and the performance of semiconductor components and devices, life-span all have direct relation with its working temperature, therefore to the demands for higher performance of employed heat control material in the encapsulation.The dimensional stability material is widely used in fields such as high precision instrument, inertial platform, aerospace.Because the operating ambient temperature rangeability is bigger, and instrument self requirements of one's work, especially some optoelectronic devices, requires employed material when temperature variation, dimensional change is very little.This just requires employed material thermal expansion coefficient very little, even is zero.And in the spacecraft design,, the notion of multifunction structure has been proposed in order to improve the useful load of spacecraft; I.e. multiple functions such as integrated mechanical protection, heat control, power transmission, signal transmission in single structure.For satisfying many-sided design requirements, in the spacecraft multifunction structure, also require to use the material of high heat conduction, low bulk.
Carbon fiber have axial high strength (3000～7000MPa), high elastic coefficient (250～900GPa), and high thermal conductivity (being up to 2000W/mK), low thermal expansivity (can be negative value), less density (1.8～2.1g/cm
3) waiting a series of excellent comprehensive performances, the carbon/aluminum composite that obtains with highly-conductive hot carbon fiber reinforcement aluminum substrate can have high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansivity simultaneously.The MMCC company of the U.S. (casting metal based composite material company limited) in the high heat conduction of 2-D of exploitation in 1998, low bulk carbon/the aluminum composite thermal conductivity is up to 280W/mK, and the coefficient of expansion only is 2.8 * 10
-6It consists of 23% K1100 highly-conductive hot carbon fiber, and 77% is aluminum substrate (volume content) (according to the density Estimation value).The K1100 short carbon fiber (thermal conductivity is 1100W/mK) that the high heat conduction of this kind, low bulk carbon/aluminum composite use high heat conduction is for strengthening body, and planar fiber is arranged in a jumble, thereby is quasi-isotropic in the plane.Use the main deficiency of the carbon/aluminum composite of highly-conductive hot carbon fiber acquisition to be to cost an arm and a leg.High heat conducting fiber is difficult to be obtained, thereby price is very high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the demand in fields such as information, space flight, a kind of high heat conduction, low bulk carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite are provided, make Nomex carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite under the situation of not using the highly-conductive hot carbon fiber, form, structure by the control RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON, the thermal conductivity of made Nomex carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite reaches a high level, is mainly used in the control of microelectronics heat, precision instrument, aerospace device.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite of the present invention is made up of carbon fiber, RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON, aluminum substrate, what wherein carbon fiber was complete is wrapped in the pyrolytic carbon layer, aluminum substrate is in the outside of pyrolytic carbon layer, be wrapped in pyrolytic carbon layer and carbon fiber, wherein the thickness of pyrolytic carbon layer is by the processing parameter and the time control of chemical vapor infiltration, and RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON thickness is as required between 1～4 μ m.Because primary a requirement to the heat control material is that thermal expansivity is 4～8 * 10
-6Between, can determine the content of aluminum substrate thus, consider afterwards require the heat conductivity value that reaches, determine the volume content of carbon fiber, RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON.In the present invention, reduce thermal expansivity by RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON and carbon fiber, aluminum substrate and RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON then are main heat transport vehicles.RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON must possess following feature: have complete three-dimensional crystal structure of graphite; Crystalline size L
a〉=100nm, the orientation of graphite grains is highly consistent.
For conventional carbon/aluminum composite, the introducing of RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON component has material impact to the performance of carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite.On the one hand, the pyrolytic carbon layer that thickness surpasses 1 μ m can completely cut off contacting of carbon fiber and aluminum substrate fully, plays the effect of excellent protection carbon fiber, makes carbon fiber can bring into play the effect that strengthens body preferably; On the other hand, pyrolytic carbon layer and aluminum substrate reactive very poor be difficult to find interface reflection product at RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON-aluminium interface, thereby RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON-aluminium interface is comparatively clean, can effectively reduce interface resistance.And the thermal expansivity of RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON self is very low, and thermal conductivity is very high, thereby can effectively improve the thermal conductivity of material under the condition of not using the highly-conductive hot carbon fiber, obtains to have simultaneously the material of high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansivity.The introducing of pyrolytic carbon layer effectively improves the remaining of material design, enrich the means of material design, improve the obtainable performance range of material, thereby realize various thermal conductivities and if the combination of the coefficient of expansion can be satisfied fields such as heat control field and precision instrument to the high heat conduction with different performance, the demand of low-expansion material.
The present invention is like this preparation: at first with several layers, have after certain thickness whole felt piles up, connect for whole through acupuncture, and reach the fiber volume fraction of design, after 1050 ℃ of following carbonizations, after handling, chemical vapor infiltration makes Nomex carbon-to-carbon prefabricated component again; Adopt vacuum pressure impregnating method and aluminium to be compounded to form carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite afterwards.
Fiber in Nomex carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite plane is a chaotic distribution, and is roughly suitable in the ratio of arranging of all directions, thereby makes that made material property is an isotropy in the plane.Perpendicular to the fiber that traverse thickness direction of planar fibrous bundle for being taken up by pricker in acupuncture course, carbon carpet veneer sheet mainly relies on such fibrous bundle to connect.Carbon fiber in the prefabricated component all is wrapped in the certain thickness pyrolytic carbon layer, and pyrolytic carbon layer is good with combining of carbon fiber, and after compound with aluminium, the bonding state of pyrolytic carbon layer and aluminum substrate is also very good.
Carbon fiber in the whole prefabricated component is commissure each other, and is fixed by RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON, and in recombination process, the deflection of carbon-to-carbon prefabricated component is very little, and the structure of carbon-to-carbon prefabricated component is well remained in carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite.And because surface reaction takes place hardly for RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON and aluminum substrate, thereby the interface is very clean, is difficult to find interfacial product Al
4C
3And Al
4C
3Thermal conductivity very low, if there is Al at carbon-aluminium interface
4C
3Exist, will greatly improve interface resistance, thereby reduce the thermal conductivity of material, the fabulous chemical compatibility of RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON and aluminum substrate has reduced interface resistance.(002) crystal face of RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON is parallel with (002) crystal face of carbon fiber, and RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON and carbon fiber interface are in conjunction with good.
Use the present invention, can effectively solve a difficult problem of under the condition of not using the highly-conductive hot carbon fiber, preparing high heat conduction, low-expansibility compound material.Can effective simplification technology, reduce cost, thereby satisfy the demand of fields such as aerospace, information engineering, precision instrument high heat conduction, low-expansibility compound material.
Embodiment
Carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite of the present invention is made up of carbon fiber, RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON, aluminum substrate, what wherein carbon fiber was complete is wrapped in the pyrolytic carbon layer, aluminum substrate is wrapped in pyrolytic carbon layer and carbon fiber in the outside of pyrolytic carbon layer, and wherein the thickness of pyrolytic carbon layer is between 1～4 μ m.Structural performance: what carbon fiber was complete is wrapped in the pyrolytic carbon layer that thickness is 1～4 μ m, is aluminum substrate in the pyrolytic carbon layer outside, and carbon fiber does not contact with aluminum substrate.
Embodiment 1
Whole felt forms carbon fiber blank after acupuncture is handled, wherein the content of carbon fiber is 7.5%, after chemical vapor infiltration is handled, deposits RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON in carbon fiber blank again, and after finally finishing dealing with, the content of the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON in the prefabricated component reaches 27.5%.Commercial-purity aluminium (99.7%Al) infiltrates in the prefabricated component through technique of vacuum pressure for dipping electrical, combines well with RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON, and does not have the interface reaction, forms carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite.Planar the carbon fiber of chaotic distribution is wrapped in the pyrolytic carbon layer that mean thickness is 2 μ m, makes that made material property is the plane isotropy, and made sample thermal expansivity is 6 * 10
-6, thermal conductivity is 275W/mK, under the condition of not using the high high heat conducting fiber of price, obtained quite and the thermal conductivity of 1.4 times of fine aluminiums, and thermal expansivity can satisfy the needs of chip heat control material fully between 4～8.
Embodiment 2
Whole felt forms carbon fiber blank after acupuncture is handled, wherein the content of carbon fiber is 3.5%, after chemical vapor infiltration is handled, deposits RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON in carbon fiber blank again, and after finally finishing dealing with, the content of the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON in the prefabricated component reaches 32.5%.Commercial-purity aluminium (99.7%Al) infiltrates in the prefabricated component through technique of vacuum pressure for dipping electrical, forms carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite.Its process is: the carbon-to-carbon prefabricated component is packed in the mould, puts into process furnace behind the die sealing; Process furnace top body of heater and bottom body of heater heat up respectively, make closed tin and aluminium liquid reach design temperature; Vacuumize vacuum tightness≤1 * 10 in the burner hearth
-6Behind the MPa, will fill the crucible jack-up of aluminium liquid, the mould mouth immerses in the aluminium liquid, feeds pressure 1 * 10 in stove
6The nitrogen of MPa, under the effect of mould external and internal pressure difference, aluminium liquid enters mould, infiltrate in the prefabricated component, behind the insulation 1h, the mould furnace cooling.Preform temperatures and temperature of aluminum liquid are 750 ℃.Made sample thermal expansivity is 7.2 * 10
-6, thermal conductivity is 310W/mK.Under the condition of not using the high high heat conducting fiber of price, obtained quite and fine copper thermal conductivity doubly, and thermal expansivity can satisfy the needs of chip heat control material fully between 4～8.
Embodiment 3
Whole felt forms carbon fiber blank after acupuncture is handled, wherein the content of carbon fiber is 17.5%, and after chemical vapor infiltration was handled, the content of the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON in the prefabricated component reached 7.5% again.Commercial-purity aluminium (99.7%Al) infiltrates in the prefabricated component through technique of vacuum pressure for dipping electrical, forms carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite.Its process is: under the condition of not using the high high heat conducting fiber of price, obtained quite and the thermal conductivity of 1.4 times of fine aluminiums, and thermal expansivity can satisfy the needs of chip heat control material fully between 4～8.Made sample thermal expansivity is 4.2 * 10
-6, thermal conductivity is 180W/mK.
The material of making in the foregoing description can both satisfy the demand of heat control material to performance, and thermal expansivity all is in 4～8 * 10
-6In the interval, and thermal conductivity changes with different material compositions, and all can obtain to surpass the high heat conductance of 150W/mK, and does not use high heat conducting fiber, thereby has effectively reduced cost.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of high heat conduction, low bulk carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite, it is characterized in that, form by carbon fiber, RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON, aluminum substrate, what wherein carbon fiber was complete is wrapped in the pyrolytic carbon layer, aluminum substrate is in the outside of pyrolytic carbon layer, be wrapped in pyrolytic carbon layer and carbon fiber, the thickness of pyrolytic carbon layer is between 1～4 μ m.
2, high heat conduction according to claim 1, low bulk carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite is characterized in that, described RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON must possess following feature: have complete three-dimensional crystal structure of graphite; Crystalline size L
a〉=100nm, the orientation of graphite grains is highly consistent, and forming with (002) crystal face is the texture of basal plane.
3, high heat conduction according to claim 1, low bulk carbon-to-carbon/aluminum composite, it is characterized in that RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON and aluminum substrate are combined closely, the interface is clear clean, (002) crystal face of RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON is parallel with (002) crystal face of carbon fiber, and RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON and carbon fiber interface are in conjunction with good.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200410018284 CN1254557C (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2004-05-13 | High heat conductivity, low expansion carbon-carbon/aluminium composite material |
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| CN 200410018284 CN1254557C (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2004-05-13 | High heat conductivity, low expansion carbon-carbon/aluminium composite material |
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| CN1570189A true CN1570189A (en) | 2005-01-26 |
| CN1254557C CN1254557C (en) | 2006-05-03 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103343265A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-10-09 | 上海交通大学 | Aluminum matrix composite with low expansion and high thermal conductivity reinforced by mixing graphite and silicon |
| CN104517674A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-15 | 国家电网公司 | Aluminum-based carbon fiber composite core wire |
| CN104517667A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-15 | 国家电网公司 | Aluminum-based carbon fiber composite core wire with real-time temperature measuring function |
| CN107623119A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-01-23 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof |
-
2004
- 2004-05-13 CN CN 200410018284 patent/CN1254557C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103343265A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-10-09 | 上海交通大学 | Aluminum matrix composite with low expansion and high thermal conductivity reinforced by mixing graphite and silicon |
| CN103343265B (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 上海交通大学 | Graphite/silicon hybrid buildup high-thermal-conductivity low-expansibility aluminum matrix composite |
| CN104517674A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-15 | 国家电网公司 | Aluminum-based carbon fiber composite core wire |
| CN104517667A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-15 | 国家电网公司 | Aluminum-based carbon fiber composite core wire with real-time temperature measuring function |
| CN107623119A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-01-23 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1254557C (en) | 2006-05-03 |
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