CN1563277A - Method for preparing stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid form stalks of cropper - Google Patents
Method for preparing stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid form stalks of cropper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1563277A CN1563277A CNA2004100144517A CN200410014451A CN1563277A CN 1563277 A CN1563277 A CN 1563277A CN A2004100144517 A CNA2004100144517 A CN A2004100144517A CN 200410014451 A CN200410014451 A CN 200410014451A CN 1563277 A CN1563277 A CN 1563277A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- stalk
- charcoal
- straw
- gas
- vinegar liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A method for preparing straw charcoal and straw vinegar liquid includes placing agricultural straw into retort for pyrolytic reaction of 4-12 h. at 300-600 deg.C under condition of oxygen being isolated or being provided with limitation; obtaining straw charcoal from solids through drying, precharring, charring and calcining; obtaining straw vinegar liquid and combustible gas by arrying out gas-liquid separation of pyrolysis gas and sending combustible gas back to combustion chamber as heating source.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is that a kind of method by high temperature pyrolysis is produced agricultural crop straw charcoal and corresponding liquid product--the method for stalk vinegar liquid relates to comprehensive, the efficient technical field of utilizing of agricultural crop straw.
It is characterized in that any stalk in the agricultural crop straw, and with the stalk charcoal make farm crop and each planting fruit-trees compound manure, improve soil compaction, regulate the grade sustained release dosage etc. of soil improvement agent, chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals of the soil water; Stalk vinegar liquid can be made foliage fertilizer (having effects such as insect protected, diseases prevention and plant growth regulating), thimerosal and the livestock of farm crop and each planting fruit-trees, the reodorant in poultry place through processing.
Background technology
It is estimated, China has 1,500,000,000 mu of arable lands now, the stalk of whole nation farm crop by-product has about 600,000,000 tons every year approximately, wherein can collect the about more than 4.8 hundred million tons of utilization, but at present domestic utilization rate to these stalks is also very low, and existing agricultural crop straw utilization comprises that mainly gasifying stalk, stalk burn or abandoned in the field by the peasant or simply burnt at the edge of a field by direct ignition and make plant ash and use as the feed of livestock industry and as faggot.Gasifying stalk is produced combustible gas, because cost of investment is higher, depends merely on peasant investment at present and can't promote, and mainly helps by government; Stalk is burnt as faggot or direct ignition is burnt at the edge of a field and made plant ash and use, and except causing a large amount of wastes of resource, also causes the pollution to environment.On the other hand; reinforcement along with modern agricultural development and green environment protection motion; adopt composite chemical fertilizer to substitute welcome and attention that single industrial chemical fertilizer more and more is subjected to country and peasant; research and produce elements such as being rich in the necessary nitrogen of crop growth, phosphorus, potassium; effectively keep fertile soil; keep soil from packing together, the imbalance of degeneration and pH value, be that peasants are urgently required always.
Still do not have relevant agricultural crop straw at present and produce (comprising straw, wheat straw, cornstalk, jowar stalk, beanstalk, peanut stems, cotton stalk, potato rattan etc.) research report of agricultural crop straw charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid by the pyrolytic method.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the object of the invention provides a kind ofly produces the method for stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid with agricultural crop straw, shortcomings such as the utilization ratio that solves agricultural crop straw is low, deficiency in economic performance, contaminate environment.
Technical scheme: the present invention is the efficient method of utilizing of a kind of agricultural crop straw, its technical solution is: agricultural crop straw (is comprised straw, wheat straw, cornstalk, the jowar stalk, beanstalk, peanut stems, cotton stalk, potato rattan etc.) any raw material stalk in is packed in the retort, by 300 ℃-600 ℃ of high temperature, time is 4-12h, starvation or restrictively supply with pyrolytic reaction under the condition of oxygen, through super-dry, pre-charing, charing, calcination stage, solid obtains the stalk charcoal through cooling, pyrolysis gas obtains stalk vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation, and the inflammable gas that obtains through gas-liquid separation is transmitted back in the retort and provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
Technique effect: the maximum characteristics with this method processing are: the raw material in the production process is agricultural crop straw (a renewable biomass resource), product is agricultural crop straw charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid (environmental friendly product), meets the direction of the requirement and the sustainable development of Green Chemistry.The yield of stalk charcoal is 30%-50%, and stalk vinegar liquid yield is 53%-34%.
The stalk charcoal is made the compound manure of farm crop and each planting fruit-trees, increases the soil fertilizer efficiency, also can play improve soil compaction, regulate soil improvement agent such as soil moisture, pH value and chemical fertilizer, the sustained release dosage of agricultural chemicals etc.; The processing of stalk vinegar liquid can be become foliage fertilizer (having effects such as insect protected, diseases prevention and plant growth regulating), thimerosal and the livestock of farm crop and each planting fruit-trees, the reodorant in poultry place etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention efficiently produces stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid with agricultural crop straw a process flow diagram.
Embodiment
The method of producing stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid with agricultural crop straw is: agricultural crop straw is packed in the retort, by being pyrolytic reaction under 4-12h starvation or the condition of restrictively supplying with oxygen in 300 ℃-600 ℃ of high temperature, time, through super-dry, pre-charing, charing, calcination stage, solid obtains the stalk charcoal through cooling, pyrolysis gas obtains stalk vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation, and the inflammable gas that gas-liquid separation obtains is transmitted back in the combustion chamber and provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
Embodiment 1:
Straw raw material is packed in the retort, with final carbonization temperature is 300 ℃, time is that the pyrolytic process of 4.5h is produced straw charcoal and careless vinegar liquid, solid obtains the straw charcoal through cooling, pyrolysis gas obtains careless vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation, and the inflammable gas that gas-liquid separation obtains is transmitted back in the combustion chamber and provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
The yield of straw charcoal is 48.23%, and careless vinegar liquid yield is 33.46%
300 ℃, the time is the chemical constitution that the pyrolytic process of 4.5h is produced the straw charcoal:
Ash content 36.23%
Volatile matter 23.45%
Fixed carbon 40.32%
Embodiment 2:
Straw raw material is packed in the retort, is 500 ℃ with final carbonization temperature, and the time is that the pyrolytic process of 5h is produced straw charcoal and careless vinegar liquid, and solid obtains the straw charcoal through cooling in retort; Pyrolysis gas obtains careless vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation, and the inflammable gas that obtains through gas-liquid separation is transmitted back in the combustion chamber and provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
The yield of straw charcoal is 38.00%, and careless vinegar liquid yield is 36.00%.Straw charcoal elementary composition:
K 3.10％
Na 2718.02mg/kg
Ca 1.30％
N 8180mg/kg
Mg 2866.28mg/kg
Zn 39.18mg/kg
Fe 818.42mg/kg
Cu 23.39mg/kg
P 3957.57mg/kg
Al 833.41mg/kg
Ni 16.64mg/kg
B 60.42mg/kg
Mn 1171.13mg/kg
Ba 100.83mg/kg
Si 28.5％
C 37％
The specific surface area of straw charcoal is 71.00m
2/ g; Test straw charcoal has slow release effect to chemical fertilizer through Nanjing Soil Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Embodiment 3:
The cornstalk raw material is packed in the retort, with final carbonization temperature is 500 ℃, time is that the pyrolytic process of 5h is produced cornstalk charcoal and cornstalk vinegar liquid, solid obtains the cornstalk charcoal through cooling, pyrolysis gas obtains cornstalk vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation, and the inflammable gas that obtains through gas-liquid separation is transmitted back in the combustion chamber and provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
The yield of cornstalk charcoal is 30.00%, and cornstalk vinegar liquid yield is 37.00%
The cornstalk charing is formed:
Ash content 9.03%
Volatile matter 16.16%
Fixed carbon 74.81%
Embodiment 4:
Straw raw material is packed in the retort, with final carbonization temperature is 600 ℃, time is that the pyrolytic process of 6h is produced straw charcoal and careless vinegar liquid, solid obtains the straw charcoal through cooling, pyrolysis gas obtains careless vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation, and the inflammable gas that gas-liquid separation obtains is transmitted back in the combustion chamber and provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
The yield of straw charcoal is 34.36%, and careless vinegar liquid yield is 45.28%
300 ℃, the time is that the pyrolytic process of 4.5h is produced straw charcoal charing composition:
Ash content 41.09%
Volatile matter 9.30%
Fixed carbon 49.61%
Claims (2)
1, a kind of method of producing stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid with agricultural crop straw, it is characterized in that the step of producing is: agricultural crop straw is packed in the retort, by being pyrolytic reaction under 4-12h starvation or the condition of restrictively supplying with oxygen in 300 ℃-600 ℃ of high temperature, time, through super-dry, pre-charing, charing, calcination stage, solid obtains the stalk charcoal through cooling, and pyrolysis gas obtains stalk vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation.
2, according to claim 1ly produce the method for stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid with agricultural crop straw, it is characterized in that the inflammable gas that obtains through gas-liquid separation is transmitted back in the combustion chamber again provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100144517A CN1247739C (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2004-03-26 | Method for preparing stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid form stalks of cropper |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100144517A CN1247739C (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2004-03-26 | Method for preparing stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid form stalks of cropper |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1563277A true CN1563277A (en) | 2005-01-12 |
| CN1247739C CN1247739C (en) | 2006-03-29 |
Family
ID=34478374
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100144517A Expired - Fee Related CN1247739C (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2004-03-26 | Method for preparing stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid form stalks of cropper |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1247739C (en) |
Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100410181C (en) * | 2006-10-22 | 2008-08-13 | 裴凤良 | Method for harnessing sewage using straw charcoal |
| US7877929B2 (en) | 2007-08-04 | 2011-02-01 | Rezzorb, Llc | Method and apparatus for reducing fertilizer use in agricultural operations |
| CN101157866B (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2011-06-01 | 杨明得 | Large-scale straw charring production method and charring kiln |
| CN101602527B (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-06-22 | 杨云 | High-efficiency plant wastewater treating agent and method for treating wastewater by same |
| CN101245249B (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2011-08-10 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Technique for generating abandon material and treating refuse in tobacco process |
| CN102161896A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2011-08-24 | 泰州市新农发生物质能科技有限公司 | Preparation method of pure straw biomass type fuel carbon |
| CN102476129A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-05-30 | 周仁福 | Integrated converting and utilizing co-production method for agricultural waste |
| CN102514079A (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-06-27 | 盐城工学院 | Treatment method capable of achieving stabilization and curing of electroplating sludge |
| CN102807881A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2012-12-05 | 天柱县郑家碳业有限公司 | Method for extracting anaerobic carbonized tar |
| CN102911683A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-02-06 | 蓝星(北京)化工机械有限公司 | Carbonizing system and carbonizing process of wood materials |
| CN103060007A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-24 | 洛阳骏腾能源科技有限公司 | Agricultural biomass comprehensive transformation device and method thereof |
| CN103571509A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-02-12 | 绵阳市美日佳日化用品有限责任公司 | Method for rapidly and continuously carbonizing agricultural straws |
| CN103787303A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-05-14 | 同济大学 | Natural biomass in-situ transformation preparation method of porous carbon in graded mesh structure |
| CN103834424A (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-06-04 | 梁佳威 | Method for preparation of pyroligneous liquor from wheat straw |
| CN103849422A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-06-11 | 韩蕾 | Method for preparing pyroligneous liquor by using crop straws |
| CN103865560A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-06-18 | 韩蕾 | Method for preparing pyroligneous liquor |
| CN103865561A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-06-18 | 韩蕾 | Method for preparing wood vinegar from crop straws |
| CN106045610A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | Fig special-purposed topdressing, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106544033A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-03-29 | 北京甸甸丰生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation that soil remediation drought resisting can be carried out containing plant extracts |
| CN108748528A (en) * | 2018-05-05 | 2018-11-06 | 阜南县海源工艺品有限公司 | A method of improving the mechanical property of carbonized poplar veneer |
| CN110156534A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-23 | 清华大学 | A kind of liquid desulfurized gypsum improvement saline-alkali soil synergist and its preparation |
| CN112980475A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-18 | 上海工程技术大学 | Cotton stalk carbonizing poly-generation comprehensive utilization system and process |
| WO2022268234A1 (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-12-29 | 王晓光 | Apparatus and method for rapidly producing charcoal by means of straw and for recycling and treating flue gas and soot |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102342301B (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-04-30 | 南京农业大学 | Foliage conditioner prepared from straw and household kitchen biomass carbonization byproducts and application thereof |
-
2004
- 2004-03-26 CN CNB2004100144517A patent/CN1247739C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100410181C (en) * | 2006-10-22 | 2008-08-13 | 裴凤良 | Method for harnessing sewage using straw charcoal |
| US7877929B2 (en) | 2007-08-04 | 2011-02-01 | Rezzorb, Llc | Method and apparatus for reducing fertilizer use in agricultural operations |
| CN101157866B (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2011-06-01 | 杨明得 | Large-scale straw charring production method and charring kiln |
| CN101245249B (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2011-08-10 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Technique for generating abandon material and treating refuse in tobacco process |
| CN101602527B (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-06-22 | 杨云 | High-efficiency plant wastewater treating agent and method for treating wastewater by same |
| CN102476129A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-05-30 | 周仁福 | Integrated converting and utilizing co-production method for agricultural waste |
| CN102476129B (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2014-03-12 | 周仁福 | Integrated converting and utilizing co-production method for agricultural waste |
| CN102161896A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2011-08-24 | 泰州市新农发生物质能科技有限公司 | Preparation method of pure straw biomass type fuel carbon |
| CN103060007A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-24 | 洛阳骏腾能源科技有限公司 | Agricultural biomass comprehensive transformation device and method thereof |
| CN102514079A (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-06-27 | 盐城工学院 | Treatment method capable of achieving stabilization and curing of electroplating sludge |
| CN102807881A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2012-12-05 | 天柱县郑家碳业有限公司 | Method for extracting anaerobic carbonized tar |
| CN102911683A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-02-06 | 蓝星(北京)化工机械有限公司 | Carbonizing system and carbonizing process of wood materials |
| CN102911683B (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2014-04-23 | 蓝星(北京)化工机械有限公司 | Carbonizing system and carbonizing process of wood materials |
| CN103834424A (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-06-04 | 梁佳威 | Method for preparation of pyroligneous liquor from wheat straw |
| CN103571509A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-02-12 | 绵阳市美日佳日化用品有限责任公司 | Method for rapidly and continuously carbonizing agricultural straws |
| CN103787303A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-05-14 | 同济大学 | Natural biomass in-situ transformation preparation method of porous carbon in graded mesh structure |
| CN103787303B (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-12-30 | 同济大学 | A kind of natural biomass original position conversion preparation method of grading-hole web frame porous carbon |
| CN103849422B (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2016-01-20 | 韩蕾 | The method of wood vinegar is prepared with crop stalk |
| CN103865561A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-06-18 | 韩蕾 | Method for preparing wood vinegar from crop straws |
| CN103865560B (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-11-04 | 韩蕾 | A kind of method preparing wood vinegar |
| CN103865561B (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-12-30 | 韩蕾 | A kind of crop stalk prepares the method for wood vinegar |
| CN103865560A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-06-18 | 韩蕾 | Method for preparing pyroligneous liquor |
| CN103849422A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-06-11 | 韩蕾 | Method for preparing pyroligneous liquor by using crop straws |
| CN106045610A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | Fig special-purposed topdressing, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106544033A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-03-29 | 北京甸甸丰生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation that soil remediation drought resisting can be carried out containing plant extracts |
| CN108748528A (en) * | 2018-05-05 | 2018-11-06 | 阜南县海源工艺品有限公司 | A method of improving the mechanical property of carbonized poplar veneer |
| CN110156534A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-23 | 清华大学 | A kind of liquid desulfurized gypsum improvement saline-alkali soil synergist and its preparation |
| CN110156534B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-10-22 | 清华大学 | Liquid desulfurized gypsum improved saline-alkali soil synergist and preparation thereof |
| CN112980475A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-18 | 上海工程技术大学 | Cotton stalk carbonizing poly-generation comprehensive utilization system and process |
| WO2022268234A1 (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-12-29 | 王晓光 | Apparatus and method for rapidly producing charcoal by means of straw and for recycling and treating flue gas and soot |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1247739C (en) | 2006-03-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1247739C (en) | Method for preparing stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid form stalks of cropper | |
| USRE48308E1 (en) | Processes for producing fuels and biofertilizers from biomass and products produced | |
| US10689581B2 (en) | Biochar products and production | |
| CN107541227B (en) | Process for preparing high-quality biomass charcoal for charcoal-based fertilizer and co-producing pyroligneous liquor | |
| Hamawand et al. | Bioenergy from cotton industry wastes: A review and potential | |
| CN106631618B (en) | Biological slow-release fertilizer taking biomass ash and wood vinegar as raw materials and preparation method thereof | |
| Hamidzadeh et al. | Biomass-derived biochar and its application in agriculture | |
| CN102515914A (en) | Preparation method and use method of biomass carbon fertilizer | |
| CN1974492A (en) | Process of twice fermenting garbage-sludge mixture to produce microbial fertilizer | |
| EP2999682B1 (en) | Producing fuels and biofertilizers from biomass | |
| De Almeida et al. | Production chain of first-generation sugarcane bioethanol: characterization and value-added application of wastes | |
| CN107365614A (en) | Cigarette stalk biology shaped fuel resource recycling Application way | |
| Malabadi et al. | Industrial Cannabis sativa: Hemp-Biochar-Applications and Disadvantages | |
| Kataki et al. | Weeds as a renewable bioresource: prospects for bioconversion to biofuels and biomaterials through a cascade of approaches | |
| CN110590436A (en) | System and method for preparing carbon-based composite microbial fertilizer | |
| CN1785931A (en) | Organic liquid fertilizer and its preparation method | |
| CN108998139B (en) | Preparation method of straw briquette fuel | |
| CN210987461U (en) | System for preparing seedling substrate | |
| CN111607407A (en) | Lignite mineral source soil conditioner and preparation method thereof | |
| CN218810359U (en) | Device for preparing carbon-based fertilizer by using organic floating mud and dehydrated algae mud | |
| Geetha Thanuja et al. | Paddy straw-based circular economy for sustainable waste management | |
| CN211005179U (en) | System for preparing carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer | |
| CN103131496B (en) | Black liquid straw carbon and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN114890843A (en) | Method for producing carbon-based organic fertilizer by utilizing roxburgh rose dregs and chicken manure | |
| CN115433023A (en) | Preparation method of charcoal-based organic fertilizer with hermetia illucens feces as raw material |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Assignee: Danyang Huafa Environmental Protection Machinery Co., Ltd. Assignor: Nanjing Forestry University Contract record no.: 2012320000731 Denomination of invention: Method for preparing stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid form stalks of cropper Granted publication date: 20060329 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20050112 Record date: 20120607 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20060329 Termination date: 20160326 |