Produce the method for stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid with agricultural crop straw
Technical field
The present invention is that a kind of method by high temperature pyrolysis is produced agricultural crop straw charcoal and corresponding liquid product--the method for stalk vinegar liquid relates to comprehensive, the efficient technical field of utilizing of agricultural crop straw.
It is characterized in that any stalk in the agricultural crop straw, and with the stalk charcoal make farm crop and each planting fruit-trees compound manure, improve soil compaction, regulate the grade sustained release dosage etc. of soil improvement agent, chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals of the soil water; Stalk vinegar liquid can be made foliage fertilizer (having effects such as insect protected, diseases prevention and plant growth regulating), thimerosal and the livestock of farm crop and each planting fruit-trees, the reodorant in poultry place through processing.
Background technology
It is estimated, China has 1,500,000,000 mu of arable lands now, the stalk of whole nation farm crop by-product has about 600,000,000 tons every year approximately, wherein can collect the about more than 4.8 hundred million tons of utilization, but at present domestic utilization rate to these stalks is also very low, and existing agricultural crop straw utilization comprises that mainly gasifying stalk, stalk burn or abandoned in the field by the peasant or simply burnt at the edge of a field by direct ignition and make plant ash and use as the feed of livestock industry and as faggot.Gasifying stalk is produced combustible gas, because cost of investment is higher, depends merely on peasant investment at present and can't promote, and mainly helps by government; Stalk is burnt as faggot or direct ignition is burnt at the edge of a field and made plant ash and use, and except causing a large amount of wastes of resource, also causes the pollution to environment.On the other hand; reinforcement along with modern agricultural development and green environment protection motion; adopt composite chemical fertilizer to substitute welcome and attention that single industrial chemical fertilizer more and more is subjected to country and peasant; research and produce elements such as being rich in the necessary nitrogen of crop growth, phosphorus, potassium; effectively keep fertile soil; keep soil from packing together, the imbalance of degeneration and pH value, be that peasants are urgently required always.
Still do not have relevant agricultural crop straw at present and produce (comprising straw, wheat straw, cornstalk, jowar stalk, beanstalk, peanut stems, cotton stalk, potato rattan etc.) research report of agricultural crop straw charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid by the pyrolytic method.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the object of the invention provides a kind ofly produces the method for stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid with agricultural crop straw, shortcomings such as the utilization ratio that solves agricultural crop straw is low, deficiency in economic performance, contaminate environment.
Technical scheme: the present invention is the efficient method of utilizing of a kind of agricultural crop straw, its technical solution is: agricultural crop straw (is comprised straw, wheat straw, cornstalk, the jowar stalk, beanstalk, peanut stems, cotton stalk, potato rattan etc.) any raw material stalk in is packed in the retort, by 300 ℃-600 ℃ of high temperature, time is 4-12h, starvation or restrictively supply with pyrolytic reaction under the condition of oxygen, through super-dry, pre-charing, charing, calcination stage, solid obtains the stalk charcoal through cooling, pyrolysis gas obtains stalk vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation, and the inflammable gas that obtains through gas-liquid separation is transmitted back in the retort and provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
Technique effect: the maximum characteristics with this method processing are: the raw material in the production process is agricultural crop straw (a renewable biomass resource), product is agricultural crop straw charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid (environmental friendly product), meets the direction of the requirement and the sustainable development of Green Chemistry.The yield of stalk charcoal is 30%-50%, and stalk vinegar liquid yield is 53%-34%.
The stalk charcoal is made the compound manure of farm crop and each planting fruit-trees, increases the soil fertilizer efficiency, also can play improve soil compaction, regulate soil improvement agent such as soil moisture, pH value and chemical fertilizer, the sustained release dosage of agricultural chemicals etc.; The processing of stalk vinegar liquid can be become foliage fertilizer (having effects such as insect protected, diseases prevention and plant growth regulating), thimerosal and the livestock of farm crop and each planting fruit-trees, the reodorant in poultry place etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention efficiently produces stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid with agricultural crop straw a process flow diagram.
Embodiment
The method of producing stalk charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid with agricultural crop straw is: agricultural crop straw is packed in the retort, by being pyrolytic reaction under 4-12h starvation or the condition of restrictively supplying with oxygen in 300 ℃-600 ℃ of high temperature, time, through super-dry, pre-charing, charing, calcination stage, solid obtains the stalk charcoal through cooling, pyrolysis gas obtains stalk vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation, and the inflammable gas that gas-liquid separation obtains is transmitted back in the combustion chamber and provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
Embodiment 1:
Straw raw material is packed in the retort, with final carbonization temperature is 300 ℃, time is that the pyrolytic process of 4.5h is produced straw charcoal and careless vinegar liquid, solid obtains the straw charcoal through cooling, pyrolysis gas obtains careless vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation, and the inflammable gas that gas-liquid separation obtains is transmitted back in the combustion chamber and provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
The yield of straw charcoal is 48.23%, and careless vinegar liquid yield is 33.46%
300 ℃, the time is the chemical constitution that the pyrolytic process of 4.5h is produced the straw charcoal:
Ash content 36.23%
Volatile matter 23.45%
Fixed carbon 40.32%
Embodiment 2:
Straw raw material is packed in the retort, is 500 ℃ with final carbonization temperature, and the time is that the pyrolytic process of 5h is produced straw charcoal and careless vinegar liquid, and solid obtains the straw charcoal through cooling in retort; Pyrolysis gas obtains careless vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation, and the inflammable gas that obtains through gas-liquid separation is transmitted back in the combustion chamber and provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
The yield of straw charcoal is 38.00%, and careless vinegar liquid yield is 36.00%.Straw charcoal elementary composition:
K 3.10%
Na 2718.02mg/kg
Ca 1.30%
N 8180mg/kg
Mg 2866.28mg/kg
Zn 39.18mg/kg
Fe 818.42mg/kg
Cu 23.39mg/kg
P 3957.57mg/kg
Al 833.41mg/kg
Ni 16.64mg/kg
B 60.42mg/kg
Mn 1171.13mg/kg
Ba 100.83mg/kg
Si 28.5%
C 37%
The specific surface area of straw charcoal is 71.00m
2/ g; Test straw charcoal has slow release effect to chemical fertilizer through Nanjing Soil Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Embodiment 3:
The cornstalk raw material is packed in the retort, with final carbonization temperature is 500 ℃, time is that the pyrolytic process of 5h is produced cornstalk charcoal and cornstalk vinegar liquid, solid obtains the cornstalk charcoal through cooling, pyrolysis gas obtains cornstalk vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation, and the inflammable gas that obtains through gas-liquid separation is transmitted back in the combustion chamber and provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
The yield of cornstalk charcoal is 30.00%, and cornstalk vinegar liquid yield is 37.00%
The cornstalk charing is formed:
Ash content 9.03%
Volatile matter 16.16%
Fixed carbon 74.81%
Embodiment 4:
Straw raw material is packed in the retort, with final carbonization temperature is 600 ℃, time is that the pyrolytic process of 6h is produced straw charcoal and careless vinegar liquid, solid obtains the straw charcoal through cooling, pyrolysis gas obtains careless vinegar liquid and inflammable gas through gas-liquid separation, and the inflammable gas that gas-liquid separation obtains is transmitted back in the combustion chamber and provides thermal source to pyrolytic reaction.
The yield of straw charcoal is 34.36%, and careless vinegar liquid yield is 45.28%
300 ℃, the time is that the pyrolytic process of 4.5h is produced straw charcoal charing composition:
Ash content 41.09%
Volatile matter 9.30%
Fixed carbon 49.61%