CN1562702A - Method for putting out high-altitude balloon - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for releasing aerostat includes linking the rope of releaser with the cable of winder, arranging the releaser on the aerostat, inflating the aerostat, releasing the cable for floating the aerostat upward, sequentially linking parachute, rope and instrument cabin, continuous floating upwardly, and actuating the releaser for releasing the aerostat.

Description

The aerostat distribution method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the particularly distribution method of scientific balloon of a kind of aerostat.

Background technology

The high-altitude scientific balloon is the cheap high-altitude means of delivery of a kind of relative costs, the scientific observation instrument that it can carry hundreds of kilogram and even several tons of weights rises to the high-altitude of 30-40km, flight time was a couple of days to tens of days, can be used for multi-disciplinary scientific experiment and observational study.Because to several tons, therefore, the balloon distribution method is to be related to one of whole balloon flight experiment key of success technology at the hundreds of kilogram for aerostat bulky (volume can reach hundreds thousand of cubic meters), buoyancy.

High-altitude scientific balloon technology has been passed through the development of decades, and various countries have developed some kinds of different balloon distribution methods.These distribution methods have unique separately advantage, but more or less exist some limitation.For example: the simple and easy air bag that the Frenchman once used is static provides that to have equipment simple, the advantage of being convenient to operate.Its distribution process as shown in Figure 1, this method is to utilize releaser 2 to fix spheroid 1, releaser 2 is connected with surface facility 4 (for example earth anchor or vehicle) by certain hawser 3, thereby releaser 2 buoyancy that just can bear buoyance lift gas holds onto balloon 1 like this.Treat that balloon 1 inflation finishes, after granting dead work is finished, open releaser 2 and make balloon 1 lift-off.Because balloon 1 discharges before gondola 6 built on stilts of back, balloon 1 quickens to rise under buoyancy function and makes the cable that links to each other with balloon, parachute 5 etc. stretching, the raising speed of balloon 1 can meet or exceed 6 meter per seconds before gondola 6 built on stilts, and this moment, gondola 6 still remained static.Therefore, by the moment of balloon 1 towing lift-off, gondola 6 and balloon 1 all can be subjected to very big impact and vibrations at gondola 6.This safety to the instrument and equipment in balloon spheroid 1 and the gondola 6 all is disadvantageous.

In order to overcome the static the problems referred to above that exist of providing, the Frenchman has invented soft granting, its process is used the fixedly bubble of balloon 1 of a roller device 7 as shown in Figure 2 in this method, be placed on leeward after the major part of spheroid and parachute knot cable 5 basic the expansion.Before main balloon 1 inflation, use a saloon 8 under the control of winch 9, gondola 6 to be risen.Winch 9 is contained on the self-propelled vehicle 10, and it is according to the situation of surface wind, and traction saloon 8 and gondola 6 move on the more suitable position of leeward.Before main balloon 1 discharged, gondola 6 liftoff height were 4-5m.Cut off the rope 3 that winch connects saloon 8 when as shown in Figure 3, main balloon 1 discharges.Gondola 6 and saloon 8 raising speeds are slower, and main balloon 1 is owing to be under the light condition so raising speed is very fast.As shown in Figure 4, along with main balloon 1 rising and above saloon 8, main push-towing rope begins tension and close gradually saloon 8.When the angle of main push-towing rope and saloon 8 axis during to certain value, saloon breaks away from automatically, and gondola 6 rises with main balloon 1.So far provide end of program.

The advantage of soft granting is not high to site requirements; The meteorological conditions restriction is not really strict; Can provide plural load simultaneously; And it is unrestricted with the length of the hawser of gondola 8 to connect parachute 5.Its shortcoming is that main push-towing rope is not stretching fully as yet when saloon 8 breaks away from, and main balloon 1 and gondola 8 be on a perpendicular line, and therefore, gondola 8 free fall is before this held by balloon 1 again, is swing by a relatively large margin subsequently.Though so provide with respect to static state, can provide bigger balloon and heavier load, balloon 1 and gondola 6 still are subjected to sizable impact and vibrations.Operate more complicated in addition, need a plurality of skilled operating personals at different place compounding practices.And provide the cost height, mainly be the expense that has increased saloon 8 and used helium.

At present, use extensively also can be provided the balloon and the capacity weight more than two tons of hundred ten thousand stere levels by generally acknowledged comparatively ideal dynamic releasing mode.Its distribution method as shown in Figure 5, in gas replenishment process, the head of balloon 1 is walked around custom-designed roller device 7, the bottom is locked on the releasing mechanism of dynamic granting car 10 by the knot cable, 6 of gondolas are suspended on releasing mechanism below.During granting, open the catch gear of cylinder 7, cylinder 7 is opened to side the place ahead under the balloon buoyancy function, and balloon rises, and dynamically provides 10 cars and begins starting, adjusts position and direction according to wind direction and wind speed.When balloon and knot cable system are upright fully straight, and when being in a certain angular range in gondola 6 the place aheads,, gondola is discharged by manually drawing back releasing mechanism.The advantage of this method is to provide the bigger large-scale balloon-borne instrument of weight, and the overload of taking off is less, is applicable to the granting of the balloon pilot system that precision equipment is housed.Adjust direction than the variation that is easier to stronghold face wind, provide flexibly.But the smooth place that it needs expensive dynamic delivery apparatus and several ten thousand sq ms even tens0000 sq ms to supply heavy-duty vehicle to travel.

Summary of the invention

At the problems referred to above that existing aerostat distribution method exists, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly provide flexibly, occupied ground is little, it is low and to gondola with instrument is shockproof and the later-model aerostat distribution method that impacts to provide cost.

Aerostat distribution method provided by the invention mainly comprises the steps:

(1) the balloon head is completed with the wind, the rope of releaser and winch is connected and releaser is looped around on the suitable position of balloon;

(2) in balloon, inflate;

(3) after inflation finished, the manipulation winch is emitted rope rose balloon;

(4) before the built on stilts of balloon bottom, tie the cable operation, parachute, hawser and test apparatus cabin are connected successively with balloon, and then balloon is risen;

(5) under calm or situation that wind speed is lower, handle winch and continue to discharge balloon and makes the instrument compartment lift-off; If wind speed is bigger, when rope had big leaning angle, balloon can be risen make balloon lower part, parachute and hawser tension, but instrument compartment does not go up to the air;

(6) after hours, according to the wind direction and the wind speed of surface wind, select suitable opportunity more than, handle releaser and flick, the balloon system that breaks away from constraint goes up to the air under buoyancy function.

Described winch can be installed on the power actuated vehicle, makes its distribution process manoevreability bigger.

Can be connected with a parachute on the described releaser so that its when descending speed slower, can not break releaser and can not cause danger ground-surface people or equipment.

The distribution method of this aerostat provided by the invention, compare with existing distribution method and to have following advantage:

(1) with the lift-off of winch control balloon, the ascending velocity of balloon is in controllable state before releaser flicks, in parachute that connects balloon and gondola and hawser tension and after making the gondola built on stilts releaser and balloon are broken away from, gondola steadily and with slower commencing speed is risen, the gondola that has overcome the existence of static granting and soft distribution method waves and vibration problems, instrument compartment is not impacted and vibrations, and the impact that the balloon spheroid is subjected to is very little.

(2) device therefor is few, and it is low to provide cost, and major equipment has only two, does not need roller device and dynamically provides car; Do not need large-area granting place yet.

(3) simple to operate.New releasing mode is unlike in dynamic granting or the soft granting, and operating personal need be operated in the larger context, work in coordination and the information transmission all has higher requirement.New mode also has an advantage: needn't all spread out by whole spheroid, the position that only needs to releaser to be installed spreads out with top, and remainder can be stayed in the ball case.After treating that balloon inflation finishes, utilize the lift of balloon will remain spheroid when under the control of winch, rising and in the ball case, pull out.These characteristics have not only reduced the dead work required time, have reduced work capacity, and maximum benefit is to have reduced providing the requirement in place.

(4) be a kind of releasing mode of pulsation-free.

(5) the present invention is no more than the granting of the balloon system of 1000kg applicable to gross buoyancy.And, not high because equipment is simple to providing site requirements, provide so be specially adapted to flow.

(6) lower to the requirement of ground wind speed in general than static granting.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is static releasing mode scheme drawing;

Fig. 2 is the scheme drawing before soft releasing mode is provided;

Fig. 3 is the scheme drawing of soft releasing mode master balloon release type;

Fig. 4 is that soft granting saloon breaks away from the moment scheme drawing;

Fig. 5 is the scheme drawing before dynamic releasing mode is provided;

Fig. 6 is that aerostat distribution method of the present invention is provided the new field of technical activity scheme drawing;

Fig. 7 is an aerostat distribution method control spheroid ascent stage scheme drawing of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is hour preceding scheme drawing of granting of surface wind;

Fig. 9 is a scheme drawing before surface wind is provided when big;

Figure 10 is for providing the moment scheme drawing.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with a specific embodiment aerostat distribution method of the present invention is described further, to help understanding content of the present invention.

As Fig. 6-shown in Figure 10, flight system is made of gondola 6,8014 type recorery parachutes 5 and hawser, Q100 type balloon 1, and delivery apparatus is made of the winch 9, rope 3 and the releaser 2 that are installed on the self-propelled vehicle 10.

Flight system weight

Gondola: 300kg

8014 type recorery parachute and hawser: 30kg

Q100 type balloon: 320kg

Gross weight: 650kg

The flight system height

Gondola: 2m

8014 type recorery parachutes and hawser 36m

The long 89m of Q100 balloon bus

Height overall: 127m

Gross buoyancy: total weight * 1.1=715kg

Need to use helium: 650m ³(every cubic meter helium can provide 1.1kg buoyancy)

Distribution process is as follows:

Balloon 1 needs to reserve 650m ³Plenum space, as shown in Figure 6, should be fixed on apart from the place of balloon top 20m according to calculating releaser 2, the balloon head is completed with the wind, releaser 2 is fixed on apart from the position of balloon 1 top 20m, and the hawser 3 on winch 9 is connected with releaser 2.Inflation in balloon 1.After inflation finished, manipulation winch 9 is emitted rope 3 rose balloon under buoyancy.As shown in Figure 7, before balloon 1 bottom built on stilts, parachute 5, hawser and test apparatus gondola 6 are connected successively with balloon.Handle winch 9 balloon 1 risen once more, as shown in Figure 8, if calm or ground wind speed less than 2m/sec, by winch 9 control balloons 1 rising 110m, gondola 6 is apart from ground 2-3m at this moment; If the ground wind speed is greater than 2 meter per seconds, rope has big leaning angle, and then as shown in Figure 9, balloon 1 risen makes balloon 1 the latter half, parachute 5 and hawser tension, but instrument gondola 6 do not go up to the air, and makes balloon that bigger surplus buoyancy be arranged, and reduces the leaning angle of rope; According to ground-surface wind direction and wind speed, the position of adjusting self-propelled vehicle 10 makes bonded assembly rope leaning angle minimum between balloon 1 and the gondola 6, as shown in figure 10, the rope (omitting among the figure) that pulling flicks control releaser 2, releaser 2 and balloon 1 are broken away from, releaser 2 slowly falls under the effect of connected drogue-parachute (omitting among the figure), and balloon 1 is being with gondola 6 to rise, and finishes and provides operation.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of aerostat distribution method mainly comprises the steps:

(1) the balloon head is completed with the wind, the rope of releaser and winch is connected and releaser is looped around on the suitable position of balloon;

(2) in balloon, inflate;

(3) after inflation finished, the manipulation winch is emitted rope rose balloon;

(4) before the built on stilts of balloon bottom, tie the cable operation, parachute, hawser and test apparatus cabin are connected successively with balloon, and then balloon is risen;

(5) under calm or situation that wind speed is lower, handle winch and continue to discharge balloon and makes the instrument compartment lift-off; If wind speed is bigger, when rope had big leaning angle, balloon can be risen make balloon lower part, parachute and hawser tension, but instrument compartment does not go up to the air;

(6) after hours, according to the wind direction and the wind speed of surface wind, select suitable opportunity more than, handle releaser and flick, the balloon system that breaks away from constraint goes up to the air under buoyancy function.

2, aerostat distribution method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described winch is installed on the power actuated vehicle.

3, aerostat distribution method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: be connected with a parachute on the described releaser so that its when descending speed slower.

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