Lecithin emulsification soy sauce and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to lecithin emulsification soy sauce and preparation method thereof.Use lecithin as emulsifying agent, soy sauce is carried out emulsification, and can according to circumstances introduce various edible fat constituents and/or edible fat soluble components, to improve the outward appearance of soy sauce, color and luster, fragrance, mouthfeels (soften, richness) etc. increase the nutrition of soy sauce simultaneously.
Background technology
Sauce oil and vinegar, beans lobe Sauce, peppery green pepper Sauce are the same, are a kind of traditional seasoning fermented foods.Soy sauce originates from China, is the greatly contribution of the Chinese nation to the human diet culture.Merchant, Zhou Shidai have just had beans sauce and wheat sauce before 3,000 years." fructus ulmi salt fermented soya beans, salted or other wise fish or meat paste jealous woman sauce " is arranged in " a first aid piece of writing " that the Shi You of people from Western Han Dynastry is shown.The sauce here is meant the beans wheat sauce made from beans and face, is the blank of soy sauce." the clear sauce " that " four people month " of Cui of Eastern Han Dynasty reality mention should be exactly soy sauce.
The basic brew raw material of soy sauce is soybean, wheat and flour.The Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) of the Ming Dynasty has been done following record to the preparation method of soy sauce in Compendium of Material Medica: " with soybean three bucket, poach gruel, mix for 24 jin with face------stirred and shone into oil and collect it ".After so-called " stirring solarizations " is meant the soybean koji initial fermentation of boiling, in vat that fills salt solution or wooden barrel, pass through the stirring of several months to one year, weather exposure has just become soy sauce.
In the process of successive dynasties development, the difference according to making raw material, method, product and area makes soy sauce that a lot of appellations be arranged.Be the beans dip in " Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies " of Jin Daige flood; Be called that sauce is clear, beans sauce is clear the Northern Wei Dynasty on the Important Arts for the People's Welfare; The Tang Dynasty supplement to Thousand Golden Prescriptions is in fermented soya beans, salted or other wise juice; The Northern Song Dynasty, " emergency side " was dip; On Southern Song Dynasty's woods flood " mountain man is clear to supply " soy sauce one speech appears, as " the tender person of leek mixes food with shredded ginger, soy sauce, a vinegar ".Soy sauce also has titles such as soy sauce, wheat oil, sauce, soya-bean oil, clear sauce, Heisui River, fermented bean drink.Follow the relevant title that gets of preparation method to have: solarization is oily, the autumn is oily, it is oily to pump, drench, it is oily to overlap.The state-owned process of much producing soy sauce in these title promptings.Except the variation of process, that makes raw materials of soy sauce in addition selects length with different, different and time of making season of assembly, the sort of quyi or the like for use, thereby makes the local flavor of soy sauce ever-changing, and individual character is respectively arranged.
In 753 years Christian eras, the eminent monk Jianzhen of China Tang crosses over to Japan and imports the system sauce technology of China into Japan, has taught Japanese Buddhist monk and resident and has made sauce.Arrived family, the river epoch, discipline state Jinshan Temple Buddhist monk has a kind of black liquor, indispensable soy sauce in the present daily cooking that Here it is at the bottom of system chances on during sauce barrel.From then on after, through very long development, the brewing technique of soy sauce is developed in Japan.Japan adopts high-salt dilute technology to make soy sauce at present, makes the highest country of soy sauce brewing technology in the world.
The making raw material and the operation of modern soy sauce are as follows: making material substantially is soybean, wheat, Yan Heshui.Soybeans soaking is spent the night, steam beans, after the beans cooling of steaming, it is mixed to spread yeast and wheat flour, fermented at a certain temperature three days, and poured into then in the container that is placed with salt solution, allow it continue fermentation, after spending several months to one year approximately, get soy sauce, high temperature sterilization, bottling with pressing narrow machine to squeeze.
Gifu, Japan university research biotechnology quickly brewing soy sauce, adopt pottery to make microbial fixed carrier, respectively first saccharomyces soya (Shandong Guang Xi Zygosaccharomyces) is fixed on the ceramic monolith of first bioreactor, second saccharomyces soya (filling in special Candida) is inserted on the carrier of second bioreactor, soybean and the fermentation again in first, second reactor successively of the soy sauce wine with dregs after the lactic acid bacteria effect through Aspergillus is at high temperature decomposed only need 2~3 time-of-weeks just can brew the soy sauce of traditional properties.
Modern soy sauce is divided into following four kinds:
1. make soy sauce naturally:
1) Aspergillu_soryzae and/or Aspergillus_sojae fermented and cultured in soybean or soybean and cereal; Perhaps
Be by bacterium and/or mould and/or yeast cultivation and fermentation in soybean or soybean and cereal;
2) with 1) product that obtains of process mixes with salt solution, is being lower than under the condition of 40C, and ferment and be aged to more than 90 days.
If do not adopt salt solution above-mentioned, the soy sauce of available spontaneous fermentation, perhaps the soy sauce of spontaneous fermentation and salt solution mixes
Compound replaces.
2. short-term fermented sauce:
1) Aspergillus oryzae and/or Aspergillus sojae fermented and cultured in soybean or soybean and cereal;
2) with 1) product that obtains of process mixes with salt solution, is less than 90 days in maximum temperature 40 or 40 above fermented and cultured.
3. nonfermented soy sauce
1) by plant protein material, for example defatted soybean is used acid or enzyme hydrolysis, and the product that this process obtains is called hydrolyzing plant
Albumen.
2) with 1) product that obtains of process adds sugar, salt etc.
4. allotment soy sauce
1) top 1~3 various dissimilar soy sauce are mixed, perhaps,
2) soy sauce is mixed with hydrolyzed vegetable protein.
The quality display of soy sauce is as follows:
Total nitrogen is not less than 0.7%.For the soy sauce of being produced by soybean and fermented grain, when used wheat accounts for 80% when above of soybean and cereal gross weight, the total nitrogen of this soy sauce must be not less than 0.4% (w/v).Except the salt, soluble solid is not less than 6% (w/v).
Soy sauce distinctive " sauce perfume (or spice) " is in the soy sauce preparation process, the mediation of the multiple flavor component that produces behind the protein of microorganism and soybean, fat, sugar and other interaction between component.Wherein main flavor component is " vanillic aldehyde ".In addition,, the variation of seasoning has just been arranged, for example salty soy sauce, sweet soy sauce, sweet salty soy sauce, chilli bean sauce, five-spice soy sauce or the like according to the difference of auxiliary material in the preparation process.
" sauce perfume (or spice) " composition comprises water soluble ingredient and liposoluble constituent.Wherein liposoluble constituent is very important to the distinctive fragrance of soy sauce.And the gustatory receptor-taste bud on people's the tongue is sharper to the fat-soluble flavor component in the soy sauce.Therefore, the fat-soluble flavor component in the soy sauce fully is exposed to taste bud, can makes " sauce perfume (or spice) " stronger deliciousness of soy sauce.Traditional soy sauce in Sichuan Province " white wo soy sauce " has used the soybean that does not have degreasing, and fat-soluble flavor component is many in the product, and " sauce perfume (or spice) " fragrance is pleasant." white wo soy sauce " that leaven handed down from one's ancestors and technology brewages used in Pingchang County, Sichuan Province Tang other bean product of surname and soy sauce workshop, hears sauce perfume (or spice) outside ten zhang especially, and child's adult soy sauce is mixed steamed rice and enjoyed." white wo soy sauce " sample analysis of producing from this soy sauce workshop, except the amino acid content height, also contain more amount progressively enzymolysis is all very high to amino acid whose series of intermediate products and other product (water soluble ingredient " sauce perfume (or spice) " composition), particularly a series of enzymolysis products of soybean lipid and other product (liposoluble constituent in " sauce perfume (or spice) " composition) content from soybean protein.
But the soybean that now a lot of soy sauce brewings use is defatted soybean, and adopts higher temperature and short period fermentation, makes that lipid components and the liposoluble constituent in the soy sauce obviously reduces, and causes " sauce perfume (or spice) " obviously not enough.
Lecithin is the food that a kind of existing hydrophilic-structure has lipophilic structure again, can extract from soybean or egg.Lecithin has a lot of health cares: 1. lecithin can change into acetylcholine in vivo, is a kind of neurotransmitter, but therefore brain tonic and intelligence development, improve diseases such as impatience, irritability, insomnia, prevent and treat senile dementia.2. lecithin has the effect that emulsification cuts grease, and cholesterol and fat content in the blood are reduced, and therefore can control artery sclerosis and fatty liver in advance.3. lecithin stops bilirubinic deposition, prevents and treats gall stone.4. phosphatide promotes colonic peristalsis, eliminates constipation, dissolves the intestines poison.5. the lecithin deficiency makes pancreas can't secrete enough insulin, is one of cause of disease of diabetes.Therefore lecithin can be prevented and treated diabetes.6. phosphatide has diuresis, helps to protect kidney.7. lecithin can promote the growth of cerebral nervous system.Therefore, FDA (FDA) is defined in the baby milk and must adds lecithin.
Use lecithin as emulsifying agent, adopt branch day labor process such as machinery, ultrasonic wave, soy sauce is prepared into oil-in-water emulsification soy sauce, and can according to circumstances introduce various edible fat constituents and/or edible fat soluble components, make to improve the outward appearance of soy sauce, color and luster, sauce fragrance, mouthfeels (soften, richness) etc. increase the nutrition of soy sauce simultaneously.Edible this lecithin emulsification soy sauce can be exposed to taste bud more fully with the fat-soluble flavor component in the soy sauce, makes " sauce perfume (or spice) " stronger deliciousness of soy sauce.
Summary of the invention
Use lecithin as emulsifying agent, adopt high-speed tissue mashing machine, colloid mill, ball milling, ultrasonic wave, dispersing emulsification machine, two step dispersing emulsification machines, in the equipment such as vibromill one or both, and corresponding dispersing technology method, soy sauce is prepared into oil-in-water emulsification soy sauce, and can require and the various edible fat constituents of toning requirement introducing (for example edible Semen setariae oil according to seasoning, soybean oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, walnut oil, chicken fat, lard, butter, sheep oil, cream, evening primrose oil, cheese, corn oil, olive oil or edible blend oil) and/or edible fat soluble components (vitamin A, vitamin E etc.), make to improve the outward appearance of soy sauce, color and luster, sauce fragrance, mouthfeel (soften, richness) etc., increase the nutrition of soy sauce simultaneously.
In the emulsifying device, in the lecithin emulsification soy sauce with two step dispersing emulsification machines and vibromill preparation, the grain graininess of lipid component is little, reach micron, sub-micron and nano-scale respectively, good stability, therefore suitable two step dispersing emulsification machines and the vibromill selected for use prepares lecithin emulsification soy sauce, and optimum selects for use vibromill to prepare lecithin emulsification soy sauce.
Edible this lecithin emulsification soy sauce can be exposed to taste bud more fully with the fat-soluble flavor component in the soy sauce, makes " sauce perfume (or spice) " stronger deliciousness of soy sauce.
In this lecithin emulsification soy sauce, the lecithin that is adopted mainly is the lecithin in soybean or egg source, but is not limited to the lecithin in above-mentioned two kinds of sources, can adopt the edible lecithin or the phosphatide in any source.The soy sauce that is adopted, the soy sauce that mainly to be to use soybean be primary raw material, brewage according to conventional method, but be not limited to the soy sauce in above-mentioned source can adopt the edible soy sauce in any source, comprise make soy sauce, chemical soy sauce and blended soy sauce.
In the prescription of the emulsification soy sauce that uses soy sauce and lecithin, the ratio of soy sauce and lecithin can be, soy sauce: lecithin (w/w)=10000: 0.75 to 10000: 15.Soy sauce and lecithin than suitable proportion be soy sauce: lecithin (w/w)=10000: 1.5 to 10000: 7.5.The optimum ratio of soy sauce and lecithin is soy sauce: lecithin (w/w)=10000: 3.In the prescription that uses soy sauce, lecithin and lipid component or liposoluble constituent, the ratio of soy sauce, lecithin, lipid component or liposoluble constituent can be, soy sauce: lecithin: lipid component or liposoluble constituent (w/w)=and 10000: 0.75: 5 to 10000: 15: 100.Soy sauce, lecithin, lipid component or liposoluble constituent than suitable proportion be soy sauce: lecithin: lipid component or liposoluble constituent (w/w)=10000: 1.5: 10 to 10000: 7.5: 50.The optimum ratio of soy sauce, lecithin, lipid component or liposoluble constituent is soy sauce: lecithin: lipid component or liposoluble constituent (w/w)=and 10000: 3: 20.In above-mentioned prescription, all can add edible glycerol, dosage is to add 1.5 to 30 parts of edible glycerols in per 10000 portions of soy sauce.
Because with lecithin, fat or liposoluble constituent directly in soy sauce emulsification relatively the difficulty, in preparation lecithin emulsification soy sauce, adopt earlier lecithin and fat or liposoluble constituent are mixed, add a certain amount of water, use ultrasonic emulsification, or use vibromill emulsification, or use dispersing emulsification machine emulsification, in the emulsifying liquid that forms, the water-wet side of lecithin outside, molten with water, the hydrophobic side of lecithin mixes with fat or liposoluble constituent interior, in water, form the particulate of nanoscale and submicron order, form the water-lecithin-fat of white or the oil-in-water type liposome solutions of liposoluble constituent, good stability is arranged, particle diameter does not have the observable significant change of naked eyes in 2 years.Then,, mix in the adding soy sauce, be prepared into lecithin emulsification soy sauce according to certain ratio.Experiment showed, the Na in the soy sauce
+, Ca
++And Cl
-Stability to the lecithin fats emulsion there is no obvious influence.This lecithin emulsification soy sauce has good stable, under the normal temperature in 1 year its particle diameter do not have the observable significant change of naked eyes.This soy sauce has the outward appearance and the color and luster of tradition " white wo soy sauce ", and sauce is fragrant and fat is aromatic strongly fragrant, and mouthfeel is plentiful soft, and is being rich in nutrition.The invention will be further described for example below.But content of the present invention is not limited to these contents.
The specific embodiment
Brewageing of example 1. fat odor type soy sauce
Raw material: 3.042 aspergillus oryzaes, flour, refined salt (production of Sichuan Province's Zigong City), pure water are made in soybean (non-defatted soybean), Shanghai
1) soybean is put into pot, soak an evening.
2) steam beans.
3) wheat being fried good back, to twist with the fingers powdering stand-by.
It is mixed to spread aspergillus oryzae and flour after the beans that 4) will steam cool off, and the fermenting cellar fermentation of putting into 30 ℃ became fermentate just in three days.
5) pour into then and be placed with in the big birch bucket of salt solution (refined salt content 23%), account for 4/5 volume, then fermentation at room temperature.
6) at quarterly intervals, to 5) the birch bucket add 4) first fermentate once, first fermentate weight is successively decreased at every turn
1/2, add altogether 3 times.
During 7) by 12nd month, get soy sauce with pressing narrow machine to squeeze.
8) 100 ℃ of sterilizations in 10 minutes.
The preparation method 1 of example 2. lecithin emulsification soy sauce
Raw material: make the soy sauce that use-case 1 method brewages or qualified soy sauce, liquid egg phosphatide, Semen setariae oil, the pure water of other soy sauce producer supply.
Capital equipment: DS-200 type high-speed tissue mashing machine (Jiangyin, Jiangsu scientific research apparatus factory), JCS-203 type ultrasonic disintegrator (Jining, Shandong ultrasonic electronic instrument plant), glass beaker, glass cylinder
The preparation method:
1) measure Semen setariae oil 100ml and place glass beaker, measure lecithin 15ml and add in the Semen setariae oil, be heated to 60 ℃,
Change in the DS-200 type high-speed tissue mashing machine, stirred 2 minutes, make lecithin and Semen setariae oil be mixed into mixing
Oil;
2) measure the 200ml pure water and place glass beaker, measure 1) miscella 20ml add in the pure water, will
The head of JCS-203 type ultrasonic disintegrator is inserted 1cm under this water pasta, under 5A current strength, and ultrasonic emulsification 20
Minute, make white emulsion.Detect the average grain diameter of emulsion with Mastersizer2000 type laser particle analyzer
Be 3.3 μ.
3) measure soy sauce 500ml, add emulsion 10ml, place DS-200 type high-speed tissue mashing machine to stir 30 seconds,
Be prepared into lecithin emulsification soy sauce.Detect the flat of lecithin emulsification soy sauce with Mastersizer2000 type laser particle analyzer
All particle diameter is 3.2 μ.
4) with 3) the preparation a lecithin emulsification soy sauce at room temperature placed 1 month, do not have macroscopic water-oil separating.
The preparation method 2 of example 3 lecithin emulsification soy sauce
Raw material: make soy sauce that use-case 1 method brewages or the supply of other soy sauce producer qualified soy sauce,, liquid egg phosphatide, Semen setariae oil, pure water.
Capital equipment: DS-200 type high-speed tissue mashing machine (Jiangyin, Jiangsu scientific research apparatus factory), BFM-6 type Baily pulverizing mill (belonging to vibromill, Shandong Jinan Billionpowder Tech﹠ Eng Co., Ltd), glass beaker, glass cylinder
The preparation method:
1) measure Semen setariae oil 100ml and place glass beaker, measure lecithin 15ml and add in the Semen setariae oil, be heated to 60 ℃,
Change in the DS-200 type high-speed tissue mashing machine, stirred 2 minutes, make lecithin and Semen setariae oil be mixed into mixing
Oil;
2) measure the 500ml pure water and place BFM-6 type Baily pulverizing mill cylinder body, measure 1) miscella 200ml add
Go in this pure water, closed behind the cylinder body emulsification 5 minutes, divide then 3 times, add 500ml water in the cylinder body at every turn, every
White emulsion is made in inferior emulsification 5 minutes.Detect emulsion with Mastersizer2000 type laser particle analyzer
Average grain diameter is 0.15 μ.
3) measure soy sauce 500ml, add 2) emulsion 10ml, place DS-200 type high-speed tissue mashing machine to stir
30 seconds, be prepared into lecithin emulsification soy sauce.Detect lecithin emulsification sauce with Mastersizer2000 type laser particle analyzer
The average grain diameter of oil is 0.16 μ.
4) preparation 3) the lecithin emulsification soy sauce under the item is 100 bottles, at room temperature places 1 year, and 10 bottles of grab sample are used
The average grain diameter that Mastersizer2000 type laser particle analyzer detects lecithin emulsification soy sauce is 0.18 μ.Prove this ovum phosphorus
Fat emulsification soy sauce has good stable.
The preparation method 3 of example 4 lecithin emulsification soy sauce
Raw material: make soy sauce that use-case 1 method brewages or the supply of other soy sauce producer qualified soy sauce,, liquid egg phosphatide, Semen setariae oil, pure water.
Capital equipment: GYB150-2S type high pressure homogenization machine (belonging to dispersing emulsification machine, Shanghai Dong Hua Co., Ltd)
The preparation method:
1) measures 100 parts of Semen setariae oils and 15 parts of lecithin are mixed into miscella;
2) measure 10 pure water and 1 part of miscella, use ultrasonic disintegrator to make the emulsion of white.
3) with 2) emulsion input GYB150-2S type high pressure homogenization machine, be prepared into the emulsion that average grain diameter is 0.6 μ.
4) measure soy sauce 500ml, add emulsion 10ml, place DS-200 type high-speed tissue mashing machine to stir 30 seconds,
Be prepared into lecithin emulsification soy sauce.Detect the flat of lecithin emulsification soy sauce with Mastersizer2000 type laser particle analyzer
All particle diameter is 0.6 μ.
5) preparation 4) the lecithin emulsification soy sauce under the item is 100 bottles, at room temperature places 6 months, and 10 bottles of grab sample are used
The average grain diameter that Mastersizer2000 type laser particle analyzer detects lecithin emulsification soy sauce is 1.5 μ.Prove this lecithin
The emulsification soy sauce has stability preferably.
The preparation method 4 of example 5 lecithin emulsification soy sauce
Raw material: make soy sauce that use-case 1 method brewages or or the qualified soy sauce of other soy sauce producer supply,, 10% fat emulsion injection (pharmacy is bought, and contains refined soybean oil 100g among every 1000ml, lecithin 12g, glycerine 25g, remainder is a water for injection).
Capital equipment: DS-200 type high-speed tissue mashing machine (Jiangyin, Jiangsu scientific research apparatus factory), glass beaker, glass cylinder
The preparation method:
1) measures soy sauce 490ml and place glass beaker, measure 10% fatty newborn 10ml and add in the soy sauce.
2) change in the DS-200 type high-speed tissue mashing machine, stirred for 30 seconds, be prepared into lecithin emulsification soy sauce.With
The average grain diameter that Mastersizer2000 type laser particle analyzer detects lecithin emulsification soy sauce is 0.13 μ.
3) preparation 2) the lecithin emulsification soy sauce under the item is 100 bottles, at room temperature places 1 year, and 10 bottles of grab sample are used
The average grain diameter that Mastersizer2000 type laser particle analyzer detects lecithin emulsification soy sauce is 0.15 μ.Prove this ovum phosphorus
Fat emulsification soy sauce has good stable.
The contrast of color before and after the example 6 soy sauce emulsifications.
Material: 5 kinds of soy sauce are respectively:
1) example 1 method homemade fat odor type soy sauce and lecithin emulsification soy sauce thereof (by the preparation of example 3 methods)
2) sea day soy sauce (commercially available) and lecithin emulsification soy sauce thereof (by the preparation of example 3 methods)
3) Li Jin note soy sauce (commercially available) and lecithin emulsification soy sauce thereof (by the preparation of example 3 methods)
4) king's soy sauce (commercially available) and lecithin emulsification soy sauce thereof (by the preparation of example 3 methods)
5) white wo soy sauce in Deyang (commercially available) and lecithin emulsification soy sauce thereof (by the preparation of example 3 methods)
Method: normal adults volunteer 100 people, age 20 was to 50 years old, the men and women half and half, above-mentioned soy sauce and lecithin emulsification soy sauce thereof are observed (containing the 30ml soy sauce in the cup of 100mm diameter) respectively, smelling (is contained the 30ml soy sauce in the cup of 100mm diameter, hear flavor apart from nostril 15cm, each 5 seconds), taste taste (each gustation soy sauce 0.5ml, 15 seconds of time) after, the impression of every kind of soy sauce and the comparison of lecithin emulsification soy sauce thereof is filled up in the scale of inventor's design, adopts the Chi-square Test conspicuousness.The results are shown in Table 1.
The subjective sensation of table 1. pair soy sauce and lecithin emulsification soy sauce thereof (numeral is a number in the table)
| Think the better number of soy sauce before adopting soy sauce after the lecithin emulsification than emulsification |
The self-control sea day white wo soy sauce in soy sauce Li Jin note soy sauce king soy sauce Deyang |
It is soft to hang the aromatic strongly fragrant mouthfeel of the cup property aromatic strongly fragrant fat of richness sauce | ???65????????100??????????100??????????72????????????69 ???69????????100??????????100??????????62????????????69 ???65????????72???????????73???????????77????????????72 ???78????????89???????????86???????????92????????????84 ??100????????100??????????100??????????100???????????100 |
Annotate: The above results all has conspicuousness.
Brief summary: The above results proof is by the soy sauce of the soy sauce after the lecithin emulsification treatment before than emulsification, all is significantly increased hanging aspects such as the aromatic strongly fragrant and mouthfeel of aromatic strongly fragrant, the fat of a cup property, richness, sauce is soft.