CN1533814A - Fire disaster prevention of sealed space and fire extinguishing equipmet - Google Patents
Fire disaster prevention of sealed space and fire extinguishing equipmet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1533814A CN1533814A CNA031188664A CN03118866A CN1533814A CN 1533814 A CN1533814 A CN 1533814A CN A031188664 A CNA031188664 A CN A031188664A CN 03118866 A CN03118866 A CN 03118866A CN 1533814 A CN1533814 A CN 1533814A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fire
- nitrogen
- oxygen
- air
- enclosure space
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
An equipment for preventing and extinguishing the fire accident in an enclosed space is composed of a nitrogen-enriching unit which can use a gas separating membrane to lower the oxygen concentration and release nitrogen gas to maintain a predefined nitrogen concentration, a unit for circulating the nitrogen-enriched air, an air stirrer, an oxygen sensor, a pressure balancer, an alarm for fire accident, an oxygen concentration controller, and an oxygen-enriched air deluting unit.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to fire-fighting domain, be specifically related to a kind of fire prevention and fire-extinguishing apparatus that is used in the enclosure space.
Background technology:
Be provided with and depositing information communication machine, High Value Unit, valuable data and historical relic etc. in the modern building.Self-evident, the fire prevention of these enclosure spaces and fire extinguishing are very important, but existing method is not perfectly sound.
The employed main extinguishing method of existing enclosure space has water (such as sprinkling fire-distinguishing equipment) and using gases (promptly putting out a fire by discharging fire-suppressant gas).Fire-fight by water, might produce damage by water.Sometimes, fire-fight by water cause loss also be greater than fire.So for historical relic, electronics and significant data storehouse etc. should not fire-fight by water.
In the method for extinction using gas, the method for using the chemical with inhibition effect and the method for using the inert gas agent that does not have the inhibition effect are arranged.Owing to can damage the ozone layer, according to the illiteracy Trier agreement about the material that damages the ozone layer, the Kazakhstan dragon 1301 that has outstanding extinguishing property in the chemical is ended to produce in January, 1994.And the chemical that substitutes it newly developed not only performance and also have very high decomposition toxicity and not as breathing out dragon 1301 to the corrosivity of equipment.
On the other hand, as the method for the extinguishment by dilution of the inert gas agent that does not have the inhibition effect, CO just had been used for the fire extinguishing of enclosure space before halon fire agent occurs.Carbon dioxide can keep liquid at normal temperatures by pressurization, so the place of stored-gas is little, equipment cost is lower.But the needed gas concentration lwevel of putting out a fire is to make more than 3 times of people's loss of consciousness concentration, occurs repeatedly because of misplacing out the life accident that causes.
Therefore, neither pollute earth environment, do not influence the equipment in the enclosure space again, and concerning the people than carbon dioxide safety the use of the nitrogen extinguishing agent of Duo in increase year by year.
Yet the method for above-mentioned using gases extinguishing chemical all is to carry out method for extinguishing fire after fire takes place.For historical relic or significant data storehouse and dangerous goods store, in case breaking out of fire promptly enable rapid fire extinguishing and also may cause the loss that can't retrieve, so prevent that in these cases the generation of fire is even more important.
In addition, common airborne oxygen concentration is 21%, it is reduced to fire extinguishing required about 12% and just must discharge a large amount of nitrogen at short notice.The rising of strong air flow of Chan Shenging and pressure might damage historical relic and building therefrom.
Therefore, need the equipment that the useful a small amount of fire-suppressant gas of a kind of energy just can be put out a fire at present badly.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fire prevention and fire-extinguishing apparatus that is used in the enclosure space.The oxygen concentration that it can reduce enclosure space in advance reduces the possibility of fire generation or prevents fire, in addition, utilizes its automatic supply storage device of nitrogen, and when fire took place, it can be put out a fire by discharging a spot of nitrogen.
In order to solve above-mentioned problem, the invention provides a kind of like this prevention and fire-extinguishing apparatus of fire.The oxygen concentration that can reduce enclosure space by it in advance reduces the possibility of fire generation or prevents that fire from taking place, and puts out a fire by discharging a spot of nitrogen of supply automatically when simultaneously on fire, to realize the prevention and the fire extinguishing of fire.
Prevention provided by the present invention and fire-extinguishing apparatus are to possess the feature that is combined as of following array apparatus: utilize gas separation membrane the oxygen concentration in the enclosure space to be reduced and remains on the rich nitrogen device of predetermined concentration, to import the device that rich nitrogen device recycles by the nitrogen-rich air that does not reach predetermined concentration that enclosure space is discharged again, make the air agitating device of the oxygen concentration homogeneous in the enclosure space, the oxygen sensor of the oxygen concentration in the test enclosure space, prevent the pressure equaliser that enclosure space pressure rises, the warning device of fire, oxygen concentration control device in the enclosure space, the air mix facilities of the oxygen-enriched air that gives off.
More specifically say so, produce the rich nitrogen device of nitrogen-rich air in the enclosure space setting that needs protection from air.This richness nitrogen device is made up of air compressor and gas separation membrane and air filter.Rich nitrogen device is produced the nitrogen-rich air of desired concn and is injected in the guard space from the guard space air outside.
In addition, will be imported rich nitrogen device again and be recycled because of in guard space, injecting the nitrogen-rich air that does not reach predetermined concentration that nitrogen-rich air is discharged from guard space.By adopting this mode, can the oxygen concentration of enclosure space be reduced enough small electric power consumption rapidly.
Oxygen in the guard space keeps concentration to set in advance according to the behaviour in service of object of being protected and guard space.For unmanned space,
Oxygen keep concentration can be set at protected object the fire extinguishing oxygen concentration 80%, can prevent the generation of fire in view of the above fully.In addition, for people's short time parking space, then can keep concentration to be set in more than 18% oxygen.When the heating in the guard space or catch fire when being detected,
Being stored in the nitrogen-rich gas reservoir vessel nitrogen by release is reduced to the oxygen concentration in the guard space below the extinguishing concentration and puts out a fire.
Oxygen concentration in the nitrogen-rich air that is provided by rich nitrogen device keeps concentration to equate with oxygen in the guard space that sets, the flow of nitrogen-rich air then according to the ventilation situation of guard space with reach the predetermined concentration required time and decide.
Oxygen concentration in the guard space is detected by oxygen concentration sensor.Keep concentration to be set in situation below the extinguishing concentration of object of protection for the oxygen in the guard space, when the oxygen concentration of reality reaches predetermined concentration, control device will send instruction out of service to rich nitrogen device.
Keep concentration to be set in situation more than 18% for the oxygen in the guard space; when the oxygen concentration of reality reaches predetermined concentration; the running status that provides near 100% nitrogen gas concn will be provided rich nitrogen device automatically, and use when being stored in the nitrogen storage container for fire extinguishing with certain pressure nitrogen by switch valve.When the oxygen concentration in the guard space is higher than the maintenance concentration of setting, rich nitrogen device will be transformed to original running status again automatically, make the interior oxygen concentration of guard space remain on the concentration of setting.In view of the above, the oxygen concentration of guard space can be maintained at the concentration of setting, reduces the purpose that fire takes place to reach.
Keep concentration to be set in space more than 18% for the oxygen in the guard space, in a single day the fire detection device detects fire, will give the alarm by audible alarm unit to carry out personnel and dredge.Then according to the nitrogen that has people or unmanned situation automatically or manually discharge storage put out a fire thereafter.
As mentioned above, adopt fire preventing of the present invention or fire-extinguishing apparatus can bring following effect:
It can prevent or reduce the generation of the fire of enclosure space with less energy resource consumption.
Owing to reduced the oxygen concentration of enclosure space in advance, in case fire takes place, only needing to discharge a spot of extinguishing chemical can put out a fire.Therefore, it not only can avoid protected object is produced harmful effect, and can reduce the storage area of fire-suppressant gas, reduces equipment cost.
Can put out a fire owing to only need to discharge an a spot of extinguishing chemical, so the influence that its pressure rising building can avoid gas to emit in a large number the time causes.
In addition, because it can replenish the needed nitrogen of fire extinguishing automatically, do not need to carry out the replacing operation of gas cylinder, so for the high place of frequency on fire, it can reduce maintenance cost significantly.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the embodiment schematic diagram of fire prevention provided by the present invention and fire-extinguishing apparatus.
Wherein:
The enclosure space that 1-needs protection
The 2-air circulation device
3-nitrogen-rich air recirculating line
4-fire detection device
The 5-oxygen concentration sensor
The 6-control part
The 7-switch valve
8-nitrogen-rich air generating means
9-nitrogen-rich air and air mixer
10-oxygen-enriched air air mix facilities
11-nitrogen storage container
The 12-magnetic valve
13-nitrogen discharges nozzle
The 14-pressurizer
The specific embodiment:
Below, will be specifically described example of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings according to embodiment.
Fig. 1 has shown embodiments of the invention.On the enclosure space 1 that needs protection; be provided with the air circulation device 2 of the oxygen concentration homogeneous in making in the space; to return rich nitrogen device by the nitrogen-rich air that does not reach predetermined concentration of discharging in the space and carry out recycling circulation line 3; fire detection device 4; the oxygen concentration sensor 5 of oxygen concentration in the measurement space; control preparing rich N device and nitrogen storage switch valve and nitrogen discharge the control part 6 of magnetic valve; nitrogen storage switch valve 7; nitrogen-rich air generating means 8; recycling nitrogen-rich air is mixed the blender 9 that the back imports rich nitrogen device with fresh air; with the oxygen-enriched air air mix facilities 10 that is discharged into after the oxygen-enriched air dilution of discharging in the atmosphere; nitrogen-rich gas reservoir vessel 11; the magnetic valve 12 that the nitrogen that release stores is put out a fire; nitrogen discharges nozzle 13, prevents the undue pressurizer 14 that rises of enclosure space pressure.
After the equipment starting, detect oxygen concentration in the space, and the gained data are sent to control part 6 compare with the oxygen maintenance concentration of setting in advance by the set oxygen concentration sensor more than or two 5.When the oxygen concentration in space is higher than the oxygen maintenance concentration of prior setting, then send operating instruction to nitrogen-rich air generating means 8, the identical nitrogen-rich air of oxygen maintenance concentration of producing the atmosphere of nitrogen-rich air generating means outside the space and setting in advance injects the space, reduces the oxygen concentration in space thus.
For unmanned space, keep concentration to be lower than the required oxygen concentration of fire extinguishing of protected object owing to set oxygen in advance, so can prevent the fire in the space fully.Therefore, need not fire extinguishing this moment, also just need not to be provided with nitrogen storage switch valve 7, nitrogen-rich gas reservoir vessel 11, and the magnetic valve 12 that the nitrogen that release stores is put out a fire, and nitrogen discharges nozzle 13.When the oxygen concentration in the space is reduced to prior setting oxygen when keeping concentration following, rich nitrogen device will be out of service automatically.And be higher than certain designated value again when oxygen concentration, when being higher than prior setting oxygen and keeping concentration 1%, rich nitrogen device just puts into operation again.Make the oxygen concentration in the space remain on certain level in this way.
For the space that has people's short time to stop, can keep concentration to be set in more than 18% oxygen.In this case, though can reduce the possibility that fire takes place but can not prevent the generation of fire fully, therefore also need to be provided with the required nitrogen storage switch valve 7 of fire extinguishing, nitrogen-rich gas reservoir vessel 11, magnetic valve 12 that the nitrogen that release stores is put out a fire and nitrogen discharge nozzle 13.When the oxygen concentration in the space is reduced to prior setting oxygen when keeping concentration following, control part will make rich nitrogen device 8 change the high concentration running status over to, produce nitrogen-rich gas and by switch valve 7 it will be stored in nitrogen-rich gas reservoir vessel 11.When the pressure of reservoir vessel 11 reached predetermined pressure, 8 in rich nitrogen device was automatic out of service.Fig. 2 has shown owing to reduce prevention and the inhibition effect to the aviation gasoline vapour explosion that oxygen concentration produced.
When fire takes place in above-mentioned space, detect fire datas such as temperature in the space and cigarette by set single or a plurality of fire detection device 4, and send it to control part 6.Control part 6 sends alarm of fire by the optoacoustic warning device after it is made the judgement of fire, and the guiding indoor occupant is taken refuge, and discharges fire-suppressant gas automatically or manually according to the fire extinguishing condition.
Above-mentioned equipment not only can be used for fire prevention and fire extinguishing, can also be used for the control of insect in the safe-deposit vault.Its structure is made of following: the air circulation device 2 that makes the oxygen concentration homogeneous in the space, return rich nitrogen device by the nitrogen-rich air that does not reach predetermined concentration of discharging in the space and carry out recycling circulation line 3, the oxygen concentration sensor 5 of oxygen concentration oxygen concentration in the measurement space, nitrogen-rich air generating means 8, recycling nitrogen-rich air is mixed the blender 9 that the back imports rich nitrogen device with fresh air, oxygen-enriched air air mix facilities 10 in the atmosphere etc. will be discharged into after the oxygen-enriched air dilution of discharging.During use it is arranged on the safe-deposit vault of valuable historical relic, archives and the books etc. that are not suitable for using chemicals.Utilize above-mentioned equipment to be reduced to the oxygen concentration in the safe-deposit vault below 1% and keep a few days.Relative humidity in this time space will be lower than 10%.Because the oxygen concentration in the environment is reduced to below 1%, the insect in this environment must be opened the pore of whole body and breathe to guarantee to absorb enough oxygen.Cause pest body interior moisture content a large amount of forfeitures so that dead again because the relative humidity in the environment is extremely low this moment.
Claims (4)
1. a fire prevention and fire-extinguishing apparatus that is used for enclosure space is characterized in that by forming as lower device:
A utilizes gas separation membrane the oxygen concentration in the enclosure space to be reduced and remains on the rich nitrogen device of predetermined concentration;
B will be imported rich nitrogen device by the nitrogen-rich air that does not reach predetermined concentration that enclosure space is discharged again and carry out EGR;
C makes the air agitating device of the oxygen concentration homogeneous in the enclosure space;
D, the oxygen sensor of the oxygen concentration in the test enclosure space;
E prevents the pressure equaliser that enclosure space pressure rises;
F, the warning device of fire;
Oxygen concentration control device in the G, enclosure space;
H, the air mix facilities of the oxygen-enriched air that gives off.
2. fire prevention and the fire-extinguishing apparatus that is used for enclosure space according to claim 1 is characterized in that described rich nitrogen device is made up of air compressor and gas separation membrane and air filter; The hollow-fibre membrane that the gas separation membrane of oxygen separation and nitrogen can adopt super heat stable resin (polyimide resin) material to make, solid and liquid particle in the air filter filtering compressed air.
3. fire prevention and the fire-extinguishing apparatus that is used for enclosure space according to claim 1 is characterized in that described EGR is to import in the rich nitrogen device with the nitrogen-rich air that does not reach predetermined concentration that circulation line is discharged the fire extinguishing space of sealing to reclaim.
4. fire prevention and the fire-extinguishing apparatus that is used for enclosure space according to claim 1 is characterized in that described oxygen sensor adopts Jia Geni (electrochemistry) the battery type sensor that uses acidic electrolysis bath.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031188664A CN1533814A (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | Fire disaster prevention of sealed space and fire extinguishing equipmet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031188664A CN1533814A (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | Fire disaster prevention of sealed space and fire extinguishing equipmet |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1533814A true CN1533814A (en) | 2004-10-06 |
Family
ID=34284964
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031188664A Pending CN1533814A (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | Fire disaster prevention of sealed space and fire extinguishing equipmet |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1533814A (en) |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101066493A (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2007-11-07 | 北京海安高科消防技术有限公司 | Submerged fire extinguishing nitrogen system for closed space |
| CN1890000B (en) * | 2003-12-29 | 2011-01-12 | 艾摩罗那股份公司 | Inerting method and device for extinguishing fires |
| CN101119772B (en) * | 2005-01-17 | 2011-11-30 | 艾摩罗那股份公司 | Inerting method for preventing fires |
| CN101559269B (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2012-01-11 | 西安新竹防灾救生设备有限公司 | Active nitrogen-rich fire-proof device |
| CN102375458A (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2012-03-14 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Counter data center and oxygen concentration adjusting device |
| CN102600568A (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2012-07-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Container data center and fire extinguishing device of container data center |
| US8727031B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2014-05-20 | Amrona Ag | System and method for preventing or extinguishing fire |
| CN103974748A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2014-08-06 | 艾摩罗那股份公司 | Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system |
| CN104736205A (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2015-06-24 | 兰德股份公司 | Fire prevention in storage silos |
| CN104755142A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2015-07-01 | 艾摩罗那股份公司 | Method and device for determining and/or monitoring air tightness of enclosed room |
| CN105983198A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-10-05 | 镇江明择软件科技有限公司 | Hybrid gas fire extinguishing system |
| CN106492370A (en) * | 2016-12-10 | 2017-03-15 | 厦门泰消防科技开发有限公司 | A kind of note nitrogen control oxygen active fire precaution system and its using method |
| CN107875539A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-06 | 天津森罗科技股份有限公司 | A kind of hypoxic fire prevention system and its method |
| CN110985097A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 张干 | Self-rescue flame-retardant device for underground fire of coal mine |
-
2003
- 2003-03-27 CN CNA031188664A patent/CN1533814A/en active Pending
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9220937B2 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2015-12-29 | Amrona Ag | Inerting method and device for extinguishing a fire |
| CN1890000B (en) * | 2003-12-29 | 2011-01-12 | 艾摩罗那股份公司 | Inerting method and device for extinguishing fires |
| CN101119772B (en) * | 2005-01-17 | 2011-11-30 | 艾摩罗那股份公司 | Inerting method for preventing fires |
| CN101066493B (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2011-08-17 | 北京海安高科消防技术有限公司 | Submerged nitrogen fire extinguishing system for closed space |
| CN101066493A (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2007-11-07 | 北京海安高科消防技术有限公司 | Submerged fire extinguishing nitrogen system for closed space |
| US8727031B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2014-05-20 | Amrona Ag | System and method for preventing or extinguishing fire |
| CN101559269B (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2012-01-11 | 西安新竹防灾救生设备有限公司 | Active nitrogen-rich fire-proof device |
| CN102375458A (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2012-03-14 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Counter data center and oxygen concentration adjusting device |
| CN102600568A (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2012-07-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Container data center and fire extinguishing device of container data center |
| US9707423B2 (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2017-07-18 | Amrona Ag | Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system |
| CN103974748B (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2016-11-16 | 艾摩罗那股份公司 | It is used for method and the fire extinguishing system of fire extinguishing in closed room |
| CN103974748A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2014-08-06 | 艾摩罗那股份公司 | Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system |
| US10052509B2 (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2018-08-21 | Amrona Ag | Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system |
| CN104736205A (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2015-06-24 | 兰德股份公司 | Fire prevention in storage silos |
| CN104736205B (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2018-03-13 | 兰德股份公司 | Fire prevention in storage warehouse |
| CN104755142A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2015-07-01 | 艾摩罗那股份公司 | Method and device for determining and/or monitoring air tightness of enclosed room |
| CN104755142B (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2018-04-17 | 艾摩罗那股份公司 | Method and apparatus for the air-tightness for determining and/or monitoring closed room |
| CN105983198A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-10-05 | 镇江明择软件科技有限公司 | Hybrid gas fire extinguishing system |
| CN106492370A (en) * | 2016-12-10 | 2017-03-15 | 厦门泰消防科技开发有限公司 | A kind of note nitrogen control oxygen active fire precaution system and its using method |
| CN107875539A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-06 | 天津森罗科技股份有限公司 | A kind of hypoxic fire prevention system and its method |
| CN110985097A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 张干 | Self-rescue flame-retardant device for underground fire of coal mine |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1533814A (en) | Fire disaster prevention of sealed space and fire extinguishing equipmet | |
| RU2301095C2 (en) | Fire prevention and fire suppression systems and breathable fire-extinguishing compositions with decreased oxygen content to be adapted in inhabited rooms | |
| KR101373639B1 (en) | Method and device for the regulated feed of supply air | |
| US20050224239A1 (en) | Method for fighting fire in confined areas using nitrogen expanded foam | |
| WO2002028714A1 (en) | Aircraft fuel tank inerting | |
| EP1476226A1 (en) | Fire protection | |
| US7207392B2 (en) | Method of preventing fire in computer room and other enclosed facilities | |
| WO2004011096A2 (en) | Method and apparatus for fighting fires in confined areas | |
| US4889708A (en) | Fumigant system | |
| WO2011082923A1 (en) | Fire protection system, aircraft or spacecraft and method for confining and smothering a fire | |
| WO2003095366A3 (en) | Closed loop control of both pressure and content of ballast tank gases to at different times kill both aerobic and anaerobic organisms within ballast water | |
| AU2016343828A1 (en) | Oxygen concentrating self-rescuer device | |
| KR101732069B1 (en) | Wall apparatus for construction having firefighting function of appartment | |
| JP2004350758A (en) | Fire defense system | |
| CN106492370A (en) | A kind of note nitrogen control oxygen active fire precaution system and its using method | |
| US7484567B2 (en) | Applying solid carbon dioxide to a hazardous material or fire | |
| DE202014007301U1 (en) | Device for the safe control of a fire or material leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects | |
| CN105202227B (en) | The air-valve assembly that a kind of sensing temperature changes and automatically switches | |
| RU2677712C2 (en) | Method of increasing fire safety inside of hermetic objects, mainly underwater boats | |
| JP4474425B2 (en) | Fire extinguishing gas supply system | |
| CN207096777U (en) | A kind of gas leaks emergent treatment system | |
| US7467666B2 (en) | Applying solid carbon dioxide to a target material | |
| CN201921359U (en) | Fire extinguishing system for wind power generation set | |
| JP2007185518A5 (en) | ||
| JP4232865B2 (en) | Fire extinguishing gas supply system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |