DE202014007301U1 - Device for the safe control of a fire or material leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for the safe control of a fire or substance leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries, characterized in that a quenching device is arranged, which includes at least one hot foam extinguishing agent.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for the safe control of a fire or material leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries.

Such a device according to the invention for the safe control of a fire or substance leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries should purposefully particularly preferred for safe control of a battery fire, to avoid hazards from particular fires or fire consequences that still today in the prior art as difficult or impossible or not optimally controllable apply to practice, contribute.

The invention may be broadly extended to include preparations, products, life cycle applications (as defined in the regulatory or normative terms), other potentially explosive substances or products, or (partially) electrically powered fuel cell vehicles, all products and products, Electric vehicles or energy systems, equipment and machinery, warehouses, combinations, infrastructures, collection points, recycling facilities, aircraft and the like, even be applied. In the following, the invention will be described essentially with reference to batteries as energy storage, especially large-scale ionic or metallic, of lithium-ion batteries, for use along the entire value chain. There is a significance for transports and transport processes, especially with dangerous goods such as lithium batteries. This in the context of the protection of life, nature, infrastructures and investments of many kinds and respects.

Preferably batteries, energy systems generally play an important role in the efficiency and individual determined society as well as in the public transport / economy and the like. However, it can also be seen that these energy systems, which can store and release more and more energy and power, can develop fire events in extreme misuse, some of which are difficult to extinguish, as explained below by way of example using lithium-ion batteries to have more significant, harmful or even more dangerous effects (dangerous heat, explosions (oxyhydrogen gas), fumes, fire ec).

A consequence of overheating or an internal short circuit may be a battery burn, which is currently the subject of discussion in the case of lithium batteries in particular. These things are certainly rare, but can hardly be prevented in the worst case by a protective electronics or any other measure nor be reduced completely without danger and residual risk.

In addition to the conventional fire extinguishing systems, such as sprinkler, water spray, gas and foam extinguishing systems, many recognized innovative extinguishing systems have been developed in the meantime. Such conventional extinguishing concepts with water, water / gel, foam, powders of all types, glass foaming agents, other innovative processes, hot foam, dry foam, Teilinertisierungen, sprinklers, oxygen reduction can depending on what, for example. On a product such as a lithium battery in the energy system burns, in part so far that only certain hazards can be mitigated.

On the other hand, relatively large amounts of water or extinguishing agent are required for larger batteries or battery modules, which may need to be supplied. The extinguishing agent should not get into the groundwater, this is difficult to realize due to the problems described. In particular, batteries are hermetically sealed (lithium-ion batteries, Li-polymer, Li-metal), but in the event of damage to or opening of safety devices or bursting of the enclosure, dangerous, sudden reactions may occur. The preferably embedded in the carbon lithium can react with water with flame formation. Hydrogen or HF may be released during the reaction of the lithium with the electrolyte as well as with the extinguishing agent. Other toxic reaction products are also regularly produced in significant amounts. Forming hydrogen can form ignitable mixtures with the ambient air and burn off abruptly.

For the further exemplary implementation using the example of lithium batteries, the state and background of the literature should be clarified. "Security in the decomposition of Li-ion battery state of affairs" Prof. Dr. med. Görtz, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (2014) in front of the Fachverband Batterien in the ZVEI as well as by way of example the article R. Korthauer "Handbook Lithium-Ion Batteries, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 (ebook), esp. Part IV M. Fleischhammer and H. Döring:" Chemical Safety. ". Pp. 285ff. ,

The Austrian OE Patent 3,06528 The Imperial Chemical Industry Ltd., London, is based on a composition of a foam for firefighting, the patent of the Reich Patent Office No. 525259 Otto Helm in Altenburg Thuringia includes a jet pipe for fire fighting purposes.

The DE 1920625 describes a composition of matter which DE 00 0001 921 928 C3 as well.

On the other hand the DE 2240263 dealt with improved foams. Continuing also the DE 2315326 , the DE 2345087 a device for producing water gels. An aqueous, film-forming and wetting formulation for fire-extinguishing or fire prevention describes the DE 2656677 , DE 602 14 442 T2 includes an automatic foam fire extinguisher. In addition to that DE 10 2004 004 403 A1 A compressed air foam system for use in fire extinguishing comprising a conduit, a water flow sensor, a foam dispenser, an air line, an airflow sensor, an airflow control valve, and a system controller. The water flow sensor is configured to sense a water flow rate through the conduit. The airflow sensor is configured to sense an airflow rate through the airline. The system controller has a user-settable ratio input. The system controller is configured to receive the sensed water flow rate to receive the sensed air flow rate to output a first control signal to the airflow control valve and to output a second control signal to the foam dispenser. The system controller automatically adjusts the first and second control signals to maintain a ratio of air flow to foam flow based on the user adjustable ratio input.

Dangers can in particular result from substances and preparations or products already at the beginning of unforeseen substance leakage. These can propagate in the sense that such a material outlet for ignition possibly further contributes to heating and ultimately enters a thermal runaway. In a module or in a battery assembly, as they occur today in cars, then the thermal runaway can reproduce itself, which identifies the expert under propagation. In the case of a so-called venting are typically rather fast and large amounts of flue gases, which represent a particular hazard. Under certain circumstances it can also come to eruptive processes with detonation character. The latter is largely excluded by overpressure devices and by other measures in the art by the battery manufacturers. Battery fires, thermal runaway and sw. Are reported. Often the causes for this are mistreatment, defects or external influences. All energy systems z. However, for example, they have certain inherent risks, due to the high levels of energy they contain, their ability to deliver very high currents, reaction potentials of the aftermath reactions, and sw.

Covering with sand or fire powders covers a source of fire, can partially restrain further reactions, but just as in the case of covering with glass (such as pyro-bubbles) or ceramic beads, it can also lead to pressure build-up under a burning away of the fire Breakage or breakthrough through the cover can lead to a dangerous, sudden and violent reaction.

Such reactions have been seen recently in electric cars, but their batteries were apparently destroyed by massive impact of objects and there was a fire with massive smoke and flashes on deletion.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide improved devices for avoiding any danger. The object can also be understood so broadly that, in principle, to make arrangements, infrastructures, products, processes or methods safer and, finally, to replace halon extinguishing systems, etc., and the like objects. To prevent contact, reactions, spread of dangerous substances in their form and in any form is therefore a task.

The object is achieved in accordance with claim 1, advantageous developments are carried out in the dependent claims.

The invention is preferably described below using the example of lithium batteries. Lithium batteries are energy stores, such as ionic systems or batteries par excellence, whose definitions and classifications are in particular the test manual UN 38.3, tests and criteria; and then apply the invention. For these batteries in particular there are entries in the list of dangerous goods.

Often it is observed that preferably a strong smoke from a battery fire event is generated, this can quickly be dangerous for humans and the environment. This was especially so from a report by the GCAA (Dubai UPS cargo plane) stated. After all, these flue gases can re-ignite due to their constituents and spread out like flames in a flash. Even a substance discharge, such as an electrolyte or another ingredient, can be corrosive, highly corrosive or, for example, fire-promoting effect. It is of particular advantage that this is prevented according to the invention here.

The device consists according to a preferred example of an extinguishing device, in particular with at least one foam generator. Preferably, the device can be completely independent of the battery resp. be the object to be deleted, such as separately in a system, stationary or mobile, in an airplane or in any other possible form. An extinguishing effect in the sense of the invention can be per se, cumulative or in any sequence and combination, depending on the event and fire load and safety requirement. For the purposes of the invention, substances and media of various types and combinations may be arranged or used. According to one embodiment, an extinguishing effect can be achieved secondarily, at least temporarily interrupting a propagation and / or interrupting a deletion effect.

The extinguishing device for the safe control of a fire or material leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects especially for lithium batteries, is preferably solved by using an extinguishing agent such as a 1200 ° C resistant hot foams, quasi dry foam. An extinguishing device is within the meaning of the invention, a system which allows any interference, which may preferably also consist in the omission of an influence.

Dry foam in the sense of the invention may be any extinguishing foam solution. Also preferably a water content, vapor content or mist content is preferably variable. Preferred are all types of foam or foaming agents, with or without additive or additive complexes. Preferably, a neutralizer is added to the foaming agent or added in the same course, if not mix as a slurry or separate phase. This can happen to preferred foaming agents, such as protein foaming agents or synthetic foaming agents of all kinds, via the inventive device.

Preference is given to using a synthetic water-film-forming foam extinguishing agent based on surface-active and surface-active agents. Special fluorine- or fluorine-free components, surfactants, foam stabilizers and antifreeze form the basis. At least in one example, a highly viscous foam is preferred.

A preferred agent can be very well, usually under pressure, as heavy or light and medium foam foam and creates according to a preferred embodiment due to the wasserfilmbildenden- and re-ignition-inhibiting ingredients the prerequisite for a quick and sustainable extinguishing success especially in fires. The foaming agent solution emerging from the foam preferably forms the water film. It enhances the extinguishing performance, flowability and the special burnback resistance. The extinguishing time is significantly shortened and the fire is cooled. The water film preferably also extinguishes where the fire surface is only partially covered with foam or prevents flashbacks where the foam cover is torn open, preferably in at least one of the inventive steps.

Used as a heavy foam large casting distances can be achieved, as a medium foam can be produced large amounts of foam. The foam is oil repellent (oleophobic), d. h., He does not load with fire and is ideal for the direct task on the fire good, z. B. on monitors and for the "sub-surface" foaming. Plastics are evenly covered and wetted intensively. The foam is preferably stable and, in combination with the water film, sustainably covers fire surfaces in a gastight manner according to a preferred embodiment. It is preferred that a neutralizer is used at least for a short time.

Batteries are preferably built regularly stable, d. H. the design-in as exemplified that of a plug-in hybrid battery for a hybrid car of a German manufacturer will usually provide a secure recording and fixation of Favor prismatic or cylindrical cells even in the case of thermal runaway the battery.

For the purposes of the invention, batteries are all energy and storage systems, independent of one or more transducers or power or voltage regulators, of their electrochemical type, structure or design or storage step. For the purposes of the invention, all substances, preparations or products and the like are usually include high fire loads and are critical in their possible hazards to subsume. Further also technical systems, infrastructures, airplanes, engines, storerooms. Within the meaning of the inventions, these are also hazardous substances, goods and preferably ionic batteries, such as lithium batteries, especially those of the large formats on the cell level as well as on the battery level. In general, so also components, waste, used or cells, modules, batteries, battery assemblies of any kind. Power storage in the invention are preferably electrochemical storage media or electrostatic charge storage, even in any combination or offered together for transport. Electrochemical storage media comprise a battery cell set (battery, accumulator, rechargeable battery) with at least one individual rechargeable cell or rechargeable battery cells. For the purposes of the invention, batteries are exemplary of all potential cases of preferably relatively high fire loads to be considered within the meaning of the invention, for which the invention is preferably suitable.

Here are batteries for the purposes of this invention as energy systems or energy storage or power storage esp. converter or Producer or network and distribution facilities, also defined as follows. These may be components such as cells or modules, batteries, battery assemblies and the like, including fuel cells, turbines, engines, transmissions, refrigeration, tempering devices, transformers other products or substances and their mixtures, types or derivatives.

Lithium ion batteries are a preferred form of energy storage or systems, in the context of the present invention, such as lithium-ion or Ni-MH batteries, serve the storage of energy for later use. According to the invention, energy and power or combined optimized systems are advantageous. These include air, high-voltage or other systems, such as the Li-sulfur batteries. Instead of lithium, it can also be another ionic battery as with magnesium.

Lithium ion or battery is a collective term for the variety of various secondary battery systems. Lithium batteries or batteries can also be used as a primary (non-rechargeable) or capacity option. There is a wealth of possible combinations of anodes, electrolyte and cathode materials and design-in variants. Lithium is the leftmost light metal in the periodic table (atomic mass M = 6.941 g / mol, density 0.53 g / cm ³ ) and is at the negative end of the electrochemical series (-3.04 VH). The resulting high theoretical capacity of 3860 Ah / kg and the high cell voltages that can be achieved in combination with various cathode materials make it the ideal anode material.

If the storage of an energy form is unfavorable or impossible due to technical problems, insufficient capacity or standstill losses, it is converted into another energy form that is more suitable for storage and stored. If necessary, the energy is then converted back. An example is the conversion of chemical energy (fuel) into thermal energy (heat). There are always losses in both storage and energy conversion. Lithium-ion batteries are degassing-tight and, in normal operation, they do not excrete any dangerous oxyhydrogen gas.

Preferably, the hot foam prevents electrical short circuits, or at least reduces their risk.

It is preferred that the foam prevents ignition of the flue gases or in the flue gas.

These batteries are commonly referred to as electrochemical devices, these are usually equipped with a management and protection electronics, with an advantageous configuration, a serial string BMS (= battery management system) combined with a higher-level battery module management system (BMMS) or can be autonomously mapped.

The operating principle of these ionic batteries is preferably based on the intercalation (formerly known as swing battery by Varta). The concept of intercalation is used in different and often misleading ways. In the wider sense of the word, intercalation is the incorporation of a mobile guest species into a host lattice without destroying the building principle of the host substance.

The host lattice have z. As layer, tube or cage structures in which the guests in 1, 2 or 3-dimensional arrangement (often swelling) can be stored. In many cases, the term "intercalation" is used only for 2-dimensional hosts The intercalation of ions (anions or cations) is associated with an oxidation or reduction of the host lattice, and an electrochemical intercalation becomes an electronically conducting host as an electrode in an electrolyte anodically or cathodically polarized, whereby anions or cations (possibly solvated) from the electrolyte into the host lattice.

This electron / ion transfer reaction produces a mixed conductor with usually better electronic conductivity than the starting material. Electrochemical intercalation reactions are usually reversible, and the mobility of the guest ions is particularly high in host lattices with a layered structure.

The concept of intercalation electrodes for electrochemical current sources has again attracted great interest since the rapid development of rechargeable lithium cells. Graphite intercalation cathodes have been widely studied since the 1970's for applications in organic and aqueous electrolyte solutions.

Also in other, for a long time known galvanic elements, eg. As the Zn / MnO ₂ element and the lead-acid battery, the reduction of the cathodic oxides proceeds via the incorporation of a proton (H ⁺ ) in MnO ₂ or PbO ₂ .

The highly reactive electrodes in Li-ion batteries are only kinetically, ie by "passivating" surface films, protected against a sudden reaction with the organic, highly flammable electrolyte. Thus, in any case, an operating state of the lithium-ion cell should be avoided, which promotes a sudden break up of the films, So z. As an overload or over-discharge. Namely, the chemical overload and overdischarge protection based on H ₂ or O ₂ evolution in aqueous electrolytes can not be realized in the nonaqueous lithium cells. The discharge and charge of lithium-ion cells must be electronically monitored and regulated.

Dendritic formation or planar deposits of metallic lithium or iron in, for example, intercalation systems such as lithium-ion batteries can, as a possible cause, lead to the total failure of the system. Li-dendrites, as fine structured structures, can pierce and short-circuit an electrode-separator arrangement in a needle-like manner. Such dendrites may also generate around the winding or stacking edges Kurschlüsse if necessary.

The result may be overheating of the cell system with the following thermal runaway. Flatly deposited lithium in the example of lithium ion batteries can form a reactive interface to or with the electrolyte. At least a premature reduction in use becomes significant here, or it can also come to the exemplary described critical consequences or conditions in the field operation in particular.

It is advantageous if this BMMS monitor the battery assembly always, even in sleep mode or during maintenance or removal of a battery assembly in the battery compartment, so that no hazards, dangerous heat developments and the like can be overlooked in the potential accident case. For the purposes of the present invention, in particular such incidents are addressed.

It is advantageous if these BMS and / or BMS / BMMS have integrated the function of a charge control, because then a separate charging circuit is unnecessary.

It is advantageous if the BMS or the BMMS is coupled to the separation and / or the method. It is of particular inventive advantage if the BMS or the BMMS sets the method according to the invention in motion via a regulation which is advantageously of redundant design, as described here.

Preferably, for an air battery cell element, an electrode may be arranged with an additional sealing membrane or coating. An air battery system then optionally uses oxygen from the air as the counter electrode.

Galvanic batteries are also often manufactured in the form of stackable or wound units, from which by combining a plurality of such cells, batteries or battery assemblies for various applications, in particular for use in stationary battery systems of various applications can be produced.

These are made up of cell modules, battery assemblies or batteries that have a battery management system. More recently, lithium batteries in particular have also been folded and wound.

In the present case, the SOC is marked as state of charge. State of charge (SoC) is a characteristic value for the state of charge of rechargeable batteries as current storage. The SoC value indicates the available capacity of a battery in relation to the nominal value. According to the invention it is advantageous to adjust or operate the SOC in a certain range, advantageously between 20-80% or in the case of transport at preferably 30-70%.

The state of charge is given as a percentage of the fully charged state. 30% thus means that the battery still has a residual charge of 30% based on the full charge of 100%.

In secondary cells, for example, a battery also knows ions. This embodiment offers the advantage of an increased energy density of the secondary battery, in particular an energy density of at least 40 Wh / kg.

Various combinations of materials and also Hochvoltzellbatteriestromspeichersysteme inventively the lithium-ion or Li-metal, Li-air types used. It was particularly advantageous to set the U _max to 4.3 V in a Li-ion system with mixed oxides. Instead of a lithium system, about a sulfur battery or, for example, a magnesium battery and the like can be used excellently.

Of particular advantage according to the invention is the use of a current memory based on systems using 5 V in bizelle technology or as high-voltage cells (5 V systems such as Spinel, LiNiMno4 and the like).

As lower voltage limits come in an LTO system according to the proposal of the invention 1.9 V or in a LiFP system 2.9 V in question, temperature-dependent possibly varied. For a high-voltage spinel cell system, this would be 4.5 V as proposed for the optimum efficiency range.

Critical for the behavior under extreme conditions, the z. B. lead by internal or external short circuits to a high temperature rise can, is the temperature stability of the active materials of the cell system. From a critical temperature (onset), an exothermic reaction of the anodic protective layer (SEI) with the electrolyte occurs in stage 2, which causes the temperature to rise further.

At another critical temperature, most cathode materials decompose with internal release of oxygen, which then results in a thermal runaway.

With further reference to the safety buffers from the materials, it can be stated that the higher this critical temperature of the cathode materials is, the larger the safety buffer, thus taking in the material order:
LFP> LiMn2O4 >>NCM>NCA> LCO ab.

However, the manufacturers are also taking steps to use certain more stable materials (see Evonik: Separion), additives such as PCT materials and PTC and the like, and other preventive safety elements. Diaphragms or valves are also included. For this purpose also so-called HRL technologies are used commercially or arranged shut-down mechanisms for protection against thermal runaway.

In particular, so-called "positive-temperature-coefficient (PTC) materials are incorporated in a blend or as a layer, below or in electrodes or separators. It could already be shown in results that this measure was effective at about 90 ° C to electrochemically block the cell, cf. For example, Li (etall) in Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8 (2013) 5223-5231, "A Positive-Temperature-Coefficient Coefficient Layer Based on Ni-Mixed Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) Composites for LiFePO4 Electrode" Based on organic-inorganic hybrid polymers that exhibit high intrinsic ionic conductivity compared to other solid polymers (up to 10-4 S / cm), various composites are being developed. To improve the mechanical properties of functionalized silicate or ceramic particles are incorporated. This results in materials with a significantly lower flammability and higher thermal stability.

Investigations by the DIR have shown that there have also been cases of fire with PTC or PTC materials in / at electrodes in which the battery was only 50% charged. Ie. In this context, the invention is of particular importance wherever it is highly important to safety and freedom from danger, such as. In an airplane, a boat or a military device.

In 2004, Memphis / FedEx apparently had such a fire event in a 2s66p battery because the PTC had or gotten a fault, and the battery should have been in a supposed safe range of 50% SOC charge level.

The mechanical action in case of battery accidents can also lead to a temperature increase with strong internal pressure increase by electrolyte evaporation and finally bursting of the cells with electrolyte leakage and to the electrolyte fire via cell short circuits. Due to the further increase in temperature (thermal runaway), it can certainly come in a second step to the oxygen release from the cathode materials such as LiNiCoAlO2 (NCA), which can lead to quasi-explosive phenomena.

In this case, gas or combustion gases, here also called fire gases for the invention, are released or released, but their quantity and intensity of release is dependent on specific circumstances on a case-by-case basis, measured up to 7 liters per ampere hour in the case of lithium -Ione batteries. Certain battery systems with lithium iron phosphates and PVDF / anodes with graphite show higher gas volumes than lithium iron phosphates and SBR / anodes with graphite or mixed oxide systems with a NMC (nickel manganese cobalt), optionally with lithium manganate added or mixed.

With outgoing gasoline in the example of a hybrid vehicle with gasoline engine one needs an ignition source (which is usually also present in the vehicle). With batteries, the system can ignite due to a short circuit or even self-ignition. Gasoline fires are usually more difficult to control and spread to the entire vehicle. Battery fires have also been generated by equipment or device errors, such as electronic cigarettes or diving lights. The battery burn preferably does not spread to the entire vehicle, the batteries are fixed and the inventive solution ensures that any hazards are eliminated.

Such device errors may also be due to operator error or chargers, resp. Inverter or the on-board electronics of a vehicle are generated.

• – Öffnen der Zellen, kriechender Rauch (HF Phase),
• – Venting mit teils schnellen und massiveren Rauchphasen, (sekundäre HF Phase),
• – Feuer/Entzündung, Elektrolytbrand,
• – Thermal Runaway mit Stichflammen,
• – Restabbrand, ggf. mit HF Phase...

In general, one will find in a battery according to the prior art, for example from a commercially available hybrid car, that ff. Reactions occur:

• - opening the cells, creeping smoke (HF phase),
• - Venting with partly fast and massive smoke phases, (secondary HF phase),
• - fire / inflammation, electrolyte fire,
• - Thermal runaway with jet flames,
• - residual burn, possibly with HF phase ...

In the prior art, however, a battery will not disassemble spontaneously at all.

Creeping smoke is preferably neutralized by means of a neutralizer or at least one essential hazardous substance (hazardous goods defintions). This is preferably done with lime, milk of lime or calcium anhydrite (anhydrous gypsum). In addition or separately, this can take place in a temporary controlled burnup region of the arrangement according to the invention with the optional use of a reaction accelerator. Preferably, this reaction is resp. their reaction sequences are completely foamed around the burning area and preferably also around the arrangement according to the invention. Preferably, reaction products are collected in at least one region of the preferred arrangement according to the invention. Preferably, a extinguishing effect is thereby generated and / or amplified.

The typical behavior of a burning lithium-ion battery with multiple cells, depending on a propagation sequence as venting, during the propagation but then also be considered with strong fire, among many times multiple jet flame complexes. In this respect, the behavior, especially the described jet flames (jet flames) will depend on the extent to which the construction of cell, battery module or battery resp. the entire structure of the battery assembly (battery assembly) is arranged concretely. Sting flames do not necessarily have to occur, there is, as described above, yes also determined by the system failure behavior, which will express itself in the thermal runaway with significantly more or less emissions of flue gas and HF (per KWh about 30-160 g).

Preferably, the vent and / or one or more jet flame complexes is captured in the preferred inventive arrangement with foam, virtually foamed immediately. According to a preferred embodiment, venting and / or jet flame complexes are conducted and / or concentrated through the device, preferably through a guide device of the preferred inventive arrangement.

Venting and / or jet flame complexes within the meaning of the invention are any smoke or fire / flames that can be of any kind. As further defined by the relevant IEC standards, USABC or EUCAR eg in lithium batteries in the test regulations.

The inventive device may preferably comprise a guide such as a fire baffle or a fireplace-like protection arrangement. Preferably, this serves on the one hand the foam as a protective device (pressure reducer, restrictor, insulator). On the other hand, the preferred inventive guide device can on the other hand specifically support the process step acceleration of the reaction (temporarily) as a combustion chamber. Preferably, such an inventive device part or a device part serves as a guide for the protection of the extinguishing effect, preferably a foam. Preferably, the neutralizer may also be advantageous to the guide at least in one step and at least partially within or in any other context.

The HF can damage the battery peripheral equipment, such as cables, parts, insulation, electronics, sensors and security or switching devices together with insulation and insulation and the like and also creeping, that it comes to chain reactions, thus the entire battery assembly irreversibly damaged especially in the creeping process is destroyed or in the battery fire, even temporarily staggered nature.

Other material leakage can also be "harmless", deposit or lead to corrosion reactions that perseously can not lead to significant hazards.

But even in the case that such a battery is not diagnosable, it may be necessary to use the inventive method preferably under the principle "Safety First".

A deletion effect according to the invention is a deletion effect of any kind and form. An extinguishing effect can be generated in many ways. In the inventive sense, an extinguishing effect can also be seen in that at least partially, a extinguishing effect is also seen in the ongoing without further action fire. Preferably, the fire is used in at least one of its effects or sequences to achieve an improved extinguishing effect. Prefers smoke in hot foam. According to one embodiment, preferably water, steam, mist or the like, for cooling and extinguishing. Preference is given to a hazardous heat-absorbing substance or, preferably, an insulating material or a wool which remains inert, but does not propagate or preferably inhibit dangerous heat and, according to one embodiment, also absorbs particles or flue gas.

Preferably, at least one hazard in a step that is temporary is neutralized by temperature conversion or neutralization.

A neutralizer in the context of the present invention is intended to prevent at least one danger from escaping or even only temporarily forming hazards. In one step, toxic substance is preferably taken up in the foam, also bound or reacted, or in a possible manner, for example also purely physically or biologically neutralized. Preferably alone is even the temporary inclusion of a dangerous substance in the foam, to the eventual disposal of the foam, after safely decayed Brandevent the This will be described using the example of hydrogen fluoride in the following. Aqueous solutions of hydrogen fluoride are called hydrofluoric acid. Hydrogen fluoride is a pungent-smelling, colorless, clear, moist liquid that boils at 19-20 ° C. These vapors of hydrofluoric acid are also poisonous. Hydrofluoric acid boils as an azeotropic mixture at 112 ° C. Upon heating of hydrofluoric acid with a concentration of> 40%, hydrogen fluoride is emitted. Hydrogen fluoride also occurs during the hydrolysis of various fluorides (cobalt fluoride, phosphorus pentafluoride, silicon tetrafluoride, sulfur tetra-fluoride). Hydrofluoric acid is a strong acid that reacts with many compounds with a strong evolution of heat, forming easily flammable and explosive substances. It attacks metal, glass and stone and dissolves silicon and must therefore be stored in plastic, lead, wax or paraffin bottles. HF should preferably be neutralized with lime milk and the resulting insoluble calcium fluoride should be properly disposed of as waste product, neutralization with alkalis (NaOH or KOH) or alkaline earth compounds (eg CaO, Ca (OH) 2, CaCO3 neutralize or as Precipitate CaF2.

• • Gebrannter Kalk, insbesondere Fettkalk, Kalkmischung, -milch
• • Halbhydrat, Anhydrit, Gipsprodukte,
• • Ton (Lehmbau, Lehmputz, Grob- und Feinkeramik)
• • Zement, Mischungen

Binders, fabrics, filters, mats, braiding materials, etc., which are used as neutralizers in one step of the process according to the invention, may also be used as neutralizers or else as absorbent materials. In the construction industry, for example, a distinction is made between hydraulic binders which cure both in the air and under water (eg cement, mixed binders, hydraulic lime (trass), plaster and cement-based brick binders), and non-hydraulic binders (also air binders ) that harden only in the air (eg air lime, gypsum, magnesia binder, loam). Non-hydraulic binders are not water resistant in the hardened state. Advantageous and common binders are:

• • Burnt lime, especially lime, lime mixture, milk
• • hemihydrate, anhydrite, gypsum products,
• Clay (clay construction, clay plaster, coarse and fine ceramics)
• • Cement, mixtures

Preferably, HF is burned off as an example, in at least one temporary step.

This can preferably be done in at least one step by means of a neutralizer and / or using a reaction accelerator.

A reaction accelerator in the sense of the invention is a substance or medium of any kind or at least one process step of suitable type of any form. Preferably, this may also be air and water, a catalyst and the like. Preferably, this or at least one substance is at least also used to achieve a extinguishing effect, which according to one embodiment may be oxygen. Preferably, a reaction acceleration is achieved partially. Preferably, a reaction acceleration is achieved temporarily, preferably in that a extinguishing effect is also selectively restricted in order to run or accelerate a temporary reaction such as a fire.

Preferably, the preferred inventive device can withstand a negative pressure such as an overpressure, without developing a danger thereof. Preferably in the context of a reaction sequence of the inventive method.

Advantageously, for expansion limitation in a preferred inventive arrangement, at least one arrangement part of a body, a container, a wrapper or cover, a containment or battery part, in the context of the present invention, used. A body forms, in particular to the guideway also form a kind of almost closed unit form. Regardless of whether the technology is permanently installed on board, temporarily located or associated with the containment / packaging.

Advantageously, with or in and in operative connection with closed containers, cold traps, each with additional suitable adsorbent or agents, are carried out according to the invention.

Advantageously, the preferred inventive arrangement is arranged predicatively, so that no danger can arise at all.

Advantageously, the inventive plant temporarily acts until it is ensured that the reaction has subsided or none Risk situation can occur more. Investigations have shown that in the case of a hybrid battery with xs25Ah, this may be the case for about 5 minutes-45 minutes, depending on the number of modules involved or the actual propagation effect.

Preferably, the extinguishing agent remains yes of stock, up to ten hours, so there is time enough, for example, to end a promotion. It is also advantageous in the context that any fire nests subside, so it can no longer endanger the opening of about a container.

Preferably, foam can be added.

Of particular advantage in the example of the lithium battery is that no HF is given. Preferred for other batteries is that no other aggressive media or hydrogen can act or form ignitable mixtures. It is advantageous that can be additionally collected in a tub or a treatment can be done with slaked lime. Advantageously, halon and extinguishing systems can be substituted.

It is preferred, in a preferred inventive arrangement, which temporarily increases the reaction rate, intensity and / or temperature allows. In the case of the latter, a reliable treatment against HF can also be achieved thermally, or later hazards can be completely avoided from the otherwise possibly contained or stifled fire in the inventive method. For then, according to the invention, the affected battery would burn out by way of example, RF implemented, other hazards prevented by the described other effects of the extinguishing effect. An increase in the reaction rate can be up to a multiple, so it is advantageously possible to make the technique more efficient.

Advantageously, the inventive method is carried out in a step for neutralizing a hazard, for example such that a first substance outlet is neutralized and contained, caught or absorbed.

It is particularly advantageous that according to an exemplary embodiment, smoke is smothered and absorbed in one of the preferred arrangements, and the neutralizer or access is arranged in another one.

Advantageously, efficient extinguishing agents, such. As AFFF foam, for certain fires, the extinguishing time significantly shorten, thereby reducing the entry of highly toxic, carcinogenic and persistent emissions.

The extinguishing effect is based on the one hand in foam on separation of the burned material from atmospheric oxygen (extinguishing effect suffocation). Incidentally - depending on the water content of the foam - a cooling effect comes into play (extinguishing effect cooling). With burning solid substances of fire class A, the cooling effect may predominate. Unlike fluorinated foaming agents (AFFF and FFFP), MBS-based foams on burning liquids do not form a water film and are therefore more susceptible to re-ignition and tearing. The safe extinguishing effect is achieved mainly by the "1 to 7 effect": By adding foam and compressed air, an average of 7 equal-sized foam bubbles (about 0.5 mm) are formed from 1 drop of water. This enormous enlargement of the surface often absorbs more heat.

This is advantageous, and according to a preferred embodiment this may also be less, for example 1: 5 or more 1:16.

Preferably, according to a particular embodiment, the hot foam foam and / or the neutralizer and / or the reaction accelerator is preformed. According to an exemplary embodiment, this is a buffer amount, which is then very quickly available and can be reproduced from the supply in the process, thus permanently constant. By adding a large amount of compressed air in a preferred inventive embodiment, it is preferable to multiply the amount of extinguishing agent. But also another arrangement such as a gas system, a propellant arrangement of any kind are inventive.

Of the known foam extinguishing method so far only the lightweight foam system was suitable to flood in three-dimensional fire hazards the closed space in all angles and corners within a few minutes brimming with extinguishing foam. In order to be able to control particularly high fire loads (combustible liquids, tires, spray bottles, batteries, etc.), it is expedient to use a hot foam extinguishing method which achieves a safe extinguishing without the complex construction measures. The principle of this extinguishing method is based on the intake of smoke-filled air (0 ° -1,200 C °) from the room to be protected. The resulting gray foam (relatively dry) fills the shelter within a few minutes. There is virtually no pressure build-up an exchange of smoke-containing air to smoke-containing foam instead.

Preferably, the inventive arrangement includes at least one arrangement area with the inclusion of a hot foam foam solution, ie with such a generator, this arrangement side with one or even in combination with several other described options of the inventive arrangement.

Prevented by the complete binding of the smoke produced at the fire, no smoke enters the atmosphere and it comes to very fast deletion in all areas of the protected area. The decomposed foam after about 9 hours can preferably be sucked off and disposed of.

A hot foam fire extinguishing system (smoke foam) is therefore a sensible alternative to conventional fire extinguishing arrangements. This preferably extinguishes the fire in a production or storage hall quickly by full foam filling. By eliminating the unnecessary electric foam generators, foam gates and pressure relief ports and their control, this quenching process is quite an affordable, advantageous, fire extinguishing solution. The hot foam extinguishing system can preferably be designed as a stationary and semi-stationary or mobile extinguishing system.

Preference is given to the smoke foam bubbles, because these have a higher Stickeffekt, in addition to the known 1: 7 ratio effect. This has been shown in the preliminary investigations in the lithium batteries in a special degree and surprisingly.

Preferably, a foam production in hot foam generators from 0 ° to 1200 ° C at up to 600 fold foaming, according to a particular embodiment up to 1200 times foaming.

Preferred and advantageous is the relatively favorable disposal of the then together completing smoke foam as well as or partially bound therein Abreaktionsprodukte the neutralization and / or the reaction acceleration. Preferably, the neutralizer and / or the reaction accelerator is optionally attached to the triggering of the extinguishing system via the pump, the concentrate or separately and thus preferably on the existing system, for example due to measurement results or suspicion or predicative, even temporarily only once or repeatedly if necessary ., also mixed, fed

In a preferred embodiment, this is done quasi separately, but it is supplied to the foam generator or admixed or the like. Preferably, therefore, the nozzles, particularly advantageous are three nozzles in the foam generator for these neutralization purposes, respectively. Reaction acceleration purposes or be used for this one or more times in combination performed step. It may be particularly advantageous according to a particular embodiment that the arrangement are redundant executable or controllable. Advantageously, it is then preferable to arrange at least one redundant inventive device.

Preferably, the arrangement is independent of any other, such as a battery control (BMS, BMMS, PCM, OPC e., C.) Or a transport lock.

Preferably, an inventive preferred arrangement, central or decentralized, such as a cockpit, a guide or headquarters resp. a higher level of automation or technical or intelligence. This is preferably a BMS or its subcomponents such as a module electronic element, an electronic control of any kind and shape. Preferably, such a control is set up in accordance with the invention and is in signal transmission with it. Preferably, there is an arrangement in connection with at least one sensor system. Preferably, the neutralizer is arranged on the screen of the foam generator or can be fed via the screen. Preferably, the neutralizer can remain there independent of the function of the foam generator up to one or more separate steps and be triggered separately. Preferably, when pressing against the foam, the ascended flue gases are optionally bound to the neutralizer in the foam bubbles. Thereafter, the foam and the flue gases bound therein fall, and in the example of a container, it fills it within a short time, preferably within 1-4 minutes. As a result, if necessary, a fire is completely avoided if necessary, an emerging fire smothered. Favor is cooled very well. But alone is also the resulting cooling or embroidery effect, which results from the foam. It is preferably advantageous here that no further arrangements or measures are thus required. Of particular advantage is that no expensive other protection solution, such as a separate packaging is required.

• • Leichtschaumgenerator (Frischluftansaugklappe- und Schaumklappe)
• • diverse Steuerungstechnik
• • Druckentlastungsöffnungen

Advantageously, by binding the flue gases in the foam, no openings (pressure relief) in a (construction) body, a battery o. Ä. Are required. Which also gives a considerable cost advantage. Compared to a conventional lightweight foam system, the following components advantageously do not apply to the hot foam extinguishing system:

• • foam generator (fresh air intake flap and foam flap)
• • diverse control technology
• • Pressure relief holes

Preferably, the method triggers automatically. Preferably in operative connection to the battery or their environment. Preferably without electrical control and sensors. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is preferred that the device comprises at least one sensor system and in the inventive method at least one step that is triggered by at least one sensor system.

Preferably, at least one redundant and / or diverse sensors are arranged in a sensitive infrastructure, such as an aircraft. Preferably then at least one preferred arrangement, also arranged redundantly. Preferably, detection is triggered only by a triggering result. Preferably, only one neutralization region is arranged in an inventive arrangement. Preferably, an action such as a special embroidery effect (increased foam load) or catalytic effect is generated via an arrangement. This can be advantageously caused by one and the same device. For example. by introducing another material over the foam generators. However, the device may preferably have separate devices which preferably allow further access, preferably for a substance other than that needed for the foam quenching. Advantageously, this can stabilize the foam effect, d. H. Foaming, foam effect and maintenance are supported. Preferably, the foam is thereby protected even against the jet flames or other danger.

Preferably, the battery module or cell envelope (prismatic or round cell housing) is a guide or defined as a separate part of the inventive device.

One of the inventive arrangements of "Smoke Foam" extinguishing system, with water pump and the pump for the foam concentrate, as well as the activation control, is preferred for triggering. In the arranged Schaumzumischer, the water or other substance, mixture, derivative preferably 3% foam concentrate is added. In another example embodiment, this may be less than 3%, 6%, or even more. The foam generators preferably have three nozzles in the foam generator. There may be more or fewer nozzles.

Preferably, the foam and the flue gases bound therein fall into one of the preferred inventive arrangements, into the protected object (eg high-bay warehouse) and fill it within a short time, for example a storage hall in 2 minutes. This is preferably done so that important functions of the object or the machine or the battery are not affected. Preferably, at least part of a battery is obtained. Preferably, an aircraft, as another example, can safely terminate the flight. By binding the flue gases in the foam, no openings (pressure relief) are needed in the building. Which also gives a considerable cost advantage. Preferably, therefore, no pressure buildup occurs.

Inhibitors may preferably be arranged as neutralizers or used at least in one step. Chemical inhibitors (passivators, inhibitors, retarders, anticatalysts, negative catalysts). Preference is given to inhibitors u. a. used to protect surfaces from corrosion. This store preferably by adsorption z. B. organic molecules on the surface and block reactions with the environment. In the case of the corrosion inhibitors, preference is given to the VCI agents (Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor) as temporary protection. In closed systems, such. As cooling circuits, corrosion inhibitors may preferably be added to the medium. Preferably, a catalyst is selected to accelerate only that reaction which achieves the desired product. Impurities caused by by-products and hazards are thus largely avoided. From the point of view of environmental protection, the use of selective and active catalysts saves energy and reduces the amount of by-products. It is preferred that no fire consequences or reaction products can emit. Preferably, the foam after the Ausklingphase (end of reaction plus safety time) is simply sucked out. It is preferably prevented that outside of the fire area any impairments or hazards arise, or at least are comparatively reduced.

A reaction accelerator in the sense of the invention is a substance or else a process step. Preferably described herein as (S8).

1 shows an exemplary sequence of steps with operating data, (S2) transmission (S3), an immediate measure (S4) with neutralizer, accelerator, hazard inhibitor on. Preferably then also predicatively with (S5) at least one release, build up a extinguishing effect, preferably a flue gas binding measure of pressureless nature, asphyxiation and / or cooling. Preference is temporary (S5) should this be maintained or refilled (S6). Downstream or in the process, one or more sequences of the reaction are preferably eliminated (S7). Preferably, a hazard is effectively negated, preferably the dry foam is then simply sucked away / sucked up, blown away or the like.

Process Example FIG. 2.

The invention may be preferred in the described devices or combinations be set efficiently and carried out efficiently.

Process Example FIG. 3.

Flue gases preferably do not emit advantageous in technical systems, it forms no durchzündfähigen flue gas concentrations. Dangerous heat is advantageously contained, important device protected. It is particularly advantageous that a very small proportion of water is bound and only required, so nothing can get into the soil.

In vehicles, this can be stored material or used as an example from cooling circuits or car washes in case of need, the process advantageous flexible in a vehicle or aircraft and be upgraded with ease.

It is particularly advantageous for these modules or batteries / cells by separation with insulating material such as a 1000 ° C melt-resistant material such as an engineering ceramics as described below or a material such as Microtherm plates or moldings such as cylinders thereof for wrapping in cylindrical batteries (Large format), side complaint and as a box without a fixed lid or simply as foreclosure to the next module so preferably to order. It is preferred for an inventive advantage in an embodiment that a material on the surface or in the first layer bakes in the presence of overtemperature, because the lower layers or the other material maintains its insulating and protective function to the so-called cascade effect, ie the burn-through of an element or module due to heat transfer from outside.

This is particularly advantageous because only under certain circumstances a locally easily controllable overheating or fire event from a cause such as an internal short circuit occurs, which is then locally well controlled.

Advantageously, therefore, the lining or insulation of the excellent liquid-tight separation by suitable engineering ceramics, glass foams or their occupation with Pyrobubbles. According to a particular embodiment, these ceramics are applied in multiple layers and can optionally be arranged or embedded with special sealing materials + fibers. Because of the described problem of the occurrence of HF or the rapid thermal cycling, a carbide ceramic or a derivative thereof is advantageous according to the invention.

These carbide ceramics are excellently advantageous according to the invention also used for the lining as a separation or form laterally shaped body, which at least partially enclose a battery or a - module. Engineered ceramics of the type described withstand more than 1200 ° C at rapid temperature changes, against these shocks combine the property of HF resistance, so that such ceramics as carbides, especially recrystallized silicon carbide according to a particular inventive embodiment are particularly suitable. The geometric shape of a hollow cylinder around a battery module, according to a particular modification of an inventive detailed solution, ensure that the resulting heat and the gases are better dissipated and no congestion forms over the combustion gas binding device. Advantageously, these arrangements also possibly reduce pressure rise well. Advantageously, the direct sufficiently positive connection of such a hollow cylinder with the combustion gas binding device.

According to a further modification, the ceramic can also be made of NSI or SSn or ATI (aluminum titanate) as well as RSCI or derivatives and combinations thereof also with one of the materials described herein in an inventive manner.

Ceramics, if necessary with special sealants and fibers or composite materials and the like of any type, are advantageously multi-layered.

In an advantageous embodiment, glass fibers are used.

According to a modification, the separation of sealed GRP consists of a recycling process, which is multilayered or coated with such ceramics, glued braced and the like.

Inventively advantageous and surprising it was found that these ceramics, foaming agent or Microtherm could effectively prevent a cascade effect in the described exemplary arrangements or combinations. Thus, a significant contribution to containment of an event for energy storage has been advantageously provided. Other energy stores were not infected.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to specific embodiments and the example in its essential features, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but may be modified and expanded within the scope and scope defined by the claims.

Preference is given to using a thermally stable wool, such as rock wool, (insulation, covering, covering, at least in part) and / or at least one vermiculite product or vermiculite itself.

A further preferred modification has a special, triggering and covering insulating layer, preferably of glass and glassy or ceramic or -like particles such as beads, tubes, granules which are arranged next to or above the energy store. Also, glass foam or Keramikschaumbildner are advantageous. If there is a fire, they can trickle out of the preferably higher-ranking isolation part and trickle over and between the affected part of the energy storage device and exert their insulating and protective function.

This is preferably done directly in at least one step from the arrangement according to the invention.

In this case, a feed device preferably acts as an option, for example an automatic recognition and conveying device which is arranged with one or more electronic control and measuring devices. This has the advantage that such a device can be targeted, preferably one or more times, concentrated on several separations. This is more efficient at the same high reaction rate.

But of particular advantage is also a system that uses gravity. In this case, the free-flowing material is arranged excellently over the energy store and is released by the occurrence of heat, such as by melting away a membrane or opening a predetermined breaking point of a plastic. Thus trickles down to the event location, local, until the respective separation.

It is advantageous here that this occurs somewhat temporarily delayed and quasi temporally delayed trickles on the affected event location or the battery storage and finally at least partially covered, because on the one hand, the pressure from the event locally better degrades and thus it does not come to a sudden release Not even by a delayed burning and pressure build-up, because the material successively restricts the reaction, especially by massive absorption of dangerous heat. According to a particular modification, the material then trickles between the separation and energy storage initially and supports or strengthens the already arranged insulation at the site. This has the advantage that one can make thinner, described to, between the separation etc. described described insulation thinner, only in an emergency, this would be reinforced. A layer of foaming agents of 3 cm can withstand heat up to 1000 ° C resp. take up. A further modification would be provided for the over the separation and the energy storage stored flowable material with predetermined breaking points, which are triggered by a fire alarm system.

According to a further preferred modification, this could be done or triggered by self-firing fire-extinguishing devices or by means of a propellant charge, for example from an airbag, which are arranged here. In the latter case, the propellant charge of the airbag or the airbag itself would rupture or destroy the above-described retention membrane for the flowable material enough to allow enough material to trickle out.

Advantageously, when it comes to an electric vehicle regularly on a separation within the energy storage also be dispensed with, because if necessary, there has already implemented thermally stable material in arrangements.

According to the invention, it is proposed here, in the transport case, preferably to arrange a separation around the electric vehicle or, depending on the size of the batteries (kwh), individual transport units, which then correspond to a sufficient combustion gas binding device. Advantageously and efficiently, this can be done so that redundant combustion gas binding devices secure several transport units, are arranged. It is particularly advantageous that a separation according to the invention also stabilizes the other construction of the packaging unit or the battery or arrangement, even in the case of dangerous heat and / or does not transfer this to other batteries.

Such a separation according to the invention can also be produced by a preferred "cap" cap-like device, which tilts about a range of batteries falls through or a suitable cap of flexible or partially flexible materials in the context of the description as a partition space-forming and demarcating example of a Pallet batteries forms.

Such suitable materials may preferably consist of materials already described herein or such as fiberseal evolution or fibersschield, suitable fire blankets, fire protection tarpaulins or mats, and the like.

It is particularly advantageous that the preferred separation, which indeed also stabilizes the packaging unit or possibly the battery, in the example used here of a pallet with lithium-ion batteries in boxes with the described "cap" solution, which can form a separation together is arranged that this stably but also dismantled as other parts of an inventive separation for stabilization in case of fire effectively contributes.

Preferably, the separation may be arranged alone or in combination with other means. Preferably, at least one partition or parts of a partition can be connected in a material-locking and / or form-fitting manner to at least one further device.

The separation and, for example, the combustion gas binding device and / or the battery can preferably be arranged in various forms and arrangements with other device or any coupled. The partition may preferably include a functional sensor or electronics. This can be arranged according to a particularly advantageous exemplary embodiment so that parameters or a parameter such as the temperature can be constantly monitored, transmitted or visualized. This will be explained in more detail in an exemplary embodiment.

The separation, the battery, the combustion gas binding device can also be advantageous in operative relationships or in no operative relationships, even with other devices.

For the purposes of the present invention, a fire gas binding device is advantageously also a fire-extinguishing device which can also be operated combinatorially or integrated with conventional systems such as sprinklers, or intertizations or inert covers with foaming agents.

It is advantageous if the combustion gas binding device together or separately with the separation, the stability of the separation or, to remain in the example of the range with lithium-ion batteries, this stabilized in the event of fire. Of particular advantage and optimized volumetrically as gravimetrically is an arrangement of combustion gas binding device and separation, which is arranged at the same time as a supply of material for the combustion gas binding device. This is particularly advantageous reversibly decoupled designed to be reusable and flexible especially for transport.

It is advantageous to use an extinguishing effect, such as via a preferred combustion gas binding device according to the invention, for a hot-foam installation which achieves reliable extinguishing without expensive construction measures. The principle of this extinguishing method is based on the intake of smoke-filled air (0 ° -1,200 C °) from the protected, according to the invention separated space. The resulting gray foam (relatively dry) fills the shelter within a few minutes. There is virtually no pressure build-up an exchange of smoke-containing air to smoke-containing foam instead. It is advantageous that air is quickly removed.

Preferably according to special design also> 1200 ° C.

It is advantageous, if necessary, to design this system in particular oversized in such a way that the practical amount of smoke of the maximum event, which can be determined according to the design, ie the arranged measures described (depending on the battery system divers), can be traded.

For lithium-ion batteries, the maximum, now known, seizure in liters of flue gas has been described. It has to be taken into account that during the thermal runaway, eg the metal oxide decomposition, the driver is indeed generated with oxygen itself from the material.

Due to the complete binding of the smoke produced at the source of the fire, no smoke / particles enter the atmosphere and very rapid extinguishment occurs in all areas of the room to be protected in its separation proposed according to the invention.

The example. After about 9 hours decomposed foam can be sucked off and disposed of. The hot foam extinguishing system fulfills extinguishing properties in certain exceptional fire load situations. Other systems, such as water mist, compact foam, steam, suppression, inhibition or PyroBubbles systems are optional.

A fire of lithium, which is also used in accumulators (lithium-ion batteries or lithium-polymer batteries), is difficult to predicatively detect and extinguish. Lithium itself burns in the formation phase, with a light blue flame that is difficult to detect. In the case of a lithium fire, temperatures of up to or around 2000 ° C develop in the center.

An extinguishing system which extinguishes with water, spray mist or water mist does not extinguish this fire. An extinguishing agent that is insensitive or incorrectly used in the wrong scenario at the wrong time may even lead to explosions or transport of the fire. Since lithium belongs to the fire class D, which is one of the hard-to-control metal fires, so far the fire protection and extinguishing a much-considered problem. For deleting lithium fires in particular two options are also discussed. Extinguish with water or cover with sand, oil, metal fire extinguisher etc.

Covering with sand, oil or a metal fire extinguisher removes only the oxygen necessary for combustion from the source of the fire. Although the combustion is suppressed but the problem is not solved. This method also entails a not insignificant hazard potential: When the cover is removed, a strong deflagration may occur due to the sudden supply of oxygen to the hot smoldering point. Furthermore, this method hardly cooled, ie the reaction between the lithium and organic components of the battery, such as. As the electrolyte, are not suppressed.

Both in the reaction of lithium with the electrolyte (or other organic substances) as well as in the reaction of lithium with the extinguishing water produces hydrogen. Under certain circumstances, this hydrogen can form ignitable mixtures with the ambient air. Hydrogen / air mixtures are ignitable in a very wide mixing ratio (4 to 75 vol.% H ₂ in air) and they require a very low ignition energy (~ 0.02 mJ), so that even low electrostatic discharges are sufficient as ignition source. In the mixing range of 18 to 59% by volume, hydrogen / air mixtures are capable of detonation.

When extinguishing with water, it also produces oxyhydrogen. They are therefore particularly dangerous. These fires of category "D" are very special cases, which occur only very rarely and require a very special tactic. Burning metals can reach temperatures of over 1000 degrees Celsius.

Preferably, oxyhydrogen is neutralized and / or incorporated in the foam.

At these temperatures, water is already separated into its constituents. The two gases hydrogen and oxygen, which are formed by it, form a blast gas mixture, which reacts immediately explosive. If you attempt to extinguish a metal fire with water, you will cause a potentially huge explosion.

According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous to employ hot-foam systems as the combustion gas bonding devices here, a mixture of about 97% water and 3% high viscosity foam concentrate in a hot foam generator is foamed up to 600 times (up to tens of thousands) volume. The foam is pressed against a sieve, after which the rising flue gases are bound in the viscous foam bubbles.

Since the foam forms primarily with the help of the flue gases collecting on the ceiling, the installation of pressure relief openings is therefore no longer necessary. The foam falls together with the bound flue gases towards the bottom of the object to be protected and fills its interior within a few minutes. Hot foam extinguishing systems can advantageously be combined with sprinkler systems or similar technical extinguishing options as inventive, preferred, combustion gas binding devices. In order to be able to dominate particularly high fire loads (of batteries), it is expedient to use a hot foam extinguishing method, which achieves a safe extinguishing without the complex construction measures. The principle of this extinguishing method is based on the intake of smoke-filled air (0 ° -1,200 C °) from the room to be protected or the battery or its packaging. The resulting light gray foam (relatively dry) fills the shelter reached by the separation within a few minutes. There is virtually no pressure build-up an exchange of smoke-containing air to smoke-containing foam instead. Due to the complete binding of the smoke produced at the source of the fire, no smoke is released into the atmosphere and very fast extinguishment occurs in all areas of the room to be protected. The decomposed foam after approx. 9 hours can be sucked off and disposed of. Preferably, this hot foam fire extinguishing system (Smoke Foam) is also a useful alternative to conventional fire extinguishing. It extinguishes the fire very quickly by full foam filling without pressure build-up. This is advantageous in the context of the invention because, in the case of batteries, electrolyte fires can be safely quenched as precursors of thermal runaway. It is advantageous that by eliminating the unnecessary electric foam generators, foam gates and pressure relief openings and their controls, this deletion ensures a thoroughly efficient and safer fire extinguishing solution.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

foamer

2

Nozzle (s)

3

guide

4

battery

5

foam

6

neutralizer

7

separate supplier

8th

accelerator

9

opening

10

foam tank

11

foam concentrate

12

Foam mixer

13

water

14

control valve

15

premix

16

foam generator

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• OE 306528 [0009]
• DE 1920625 [0010]
• DE 000001921928 C3 [0010]
• DE 2240263 [0011]
• DE 2315326 [0011]
• DE 2345087 [0011]
• DE 2656677 [0011]
• DE 60214442 T2 [0011]
• DE 102004004403 A1 [0011]

Cited non-patent literature

• "Security in the decomposition of Li-ion battery state of affairs" Prof. Dr. med. Görtz, Bergische Universität Wuppertal (2014) [0008]
• R. Korthauer "Handbook Lithium-Ion Batteries, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 (ebook), esp. Part IV M. Fleischhammer and H. Döring:" Chemical Safety. ". Pp. 285ff. [0008]
• J. Electrochem. Sci., 8 (2013) 5223-5231, "A Positive-Temperature-Coefficient Coefficient Layer Based on Ni-Mixed Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) Composites for LiFePO4 Electrode" [0058]

Claims (9)

A device for the safe control of a fire or substance leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries, characterized in that a quenching device is arranged, which includes at least one hot foam extinguishing agent. A device for the safe control of a fire or material leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries, characterized in that a quenching device is arranged, which comprises at least one hot foam generator. A device for the safe control of a fire or material leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries, characterized in that a quenching device is arranged, which comprises at least one hot foam generator and no pressure relief. A device for the safe control of a fire or material leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries, characterized in that a quenching device is arranged, which comprises at least one hot foam generator and no pressure relief and the device is both pressure and negative pressure resistant. A device according to one or more of the claims for safe control of a fire or substance leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries, characterized in that at least one guide device are arranged. A device according to one or more of the claims for the safe control of a fire or material leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries, characterized in that a neutralizer is arranged. A device according to one or more of the claims for the safe control of a fire or material leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries, characterized in that a reaction accelerator is arranged. A device according to one or more of the claims for safe control of a fire or material leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries, characterized in that a neutralizer or a reaction accelerator is arranged. A device according to one or more of the claims for the safe control of a fire or material leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries, characterized in that a separation is arranged.

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