CN1528629A - Track circuit primary parameter high-precision rapid ground measuring method and measuring apparatus thereof - Google Patents
Track circuit primary parameter high-precision rapid ground measuring method and measuring apparatus thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rail-circuit primary-parameter high-precision quick ground testing method and device, transmitting signal between rails and adopting two-end short circuit by short circuit line to make it, during testing, only testing six scalar voltage values, and then simply calculating to obtain the rail impedance and road residue impedance of the line. The testing device includes microprocessor, analogue quantity collecting channel, signal output channel, external memory and real time clock, and man-machine interface. It is simple and practical, high-precision, and wide-applied range, and has very small effect on train working. It does not need extra protective measures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test method and test equipment thereof, be meant a kind of quick ground test method of track circuit primary parameter high precision and test equipment thereof especially.Whether idle track circuit is a kind of important foundation facility in the railway signal system, be used to produce and the transmission track information complete with whether, simultaneously still by between the signal and the information transfer channel between wayside equipment and the locomotive equipment.Track circuit is with two one steel rails of the railway line extraordinary circuit as conductor, and its transmission performance is mainly by rail impedance and two important primary parameters decisions of railway roadbed (sewing) resistance.The calculating of track circuit and adjustment are to such an extent as to the problems such as design of equipment all need be carried out as foundation with the primary parameter value.Therefore, the primary parameter test is an important process that guarantees that railway signal design, manufacturing, handling labor normally carry out.
Background technology
At present, domestic track circuit primary parameter ground test method mainly contains: open circuit short-circuit method (comprising three volt meter methods and phase meter method), top open circuit short circuit voltage electric current and terminal open circuit voltage method and three impedance methods.
Preceding two kinds of methods are traditional manual testing's methods, need during test district by district that section is got rid of at the scene, wiring, with the required track circuit of manufacturing test " open circuit " and " short circuit " condition, the test job amount is big, inefficiency, and influence signalling set and normally use, vehicling operation disturbed.For electrification traction section, because track circuit all is connected to impedance transformer, get rid of at the scene, the wiring test is difficult more and can cause bigger driving to disturb.For the jointless track circuit section that has building-out capacitor and line trap, these two kinds of conventional test methodologies are also inapplicable.
Three impedance methods are a kind of track circuit primary parameter " online " method of measurement that proposed in 1994 by railway research institute
[2,3]Groundwork is: by measuring input impedance, loaded impedance and the short circuit impedance of track circuit, solve the secondary parameter of track circuit, and further obtain primary parameter.Three impedance methods have been avoided " open circuit is measured ", " short circuit measurement " also can be finished by means of the condition that is pressed into of train, measuring the work of track circuit parameter can carry out under the situation of interrupting device normal operation not, can realize that " online " of track circuit parameter measured.But, three impedance methods yet are not suitable for the parameter testing of the jointless track circuit section that has building-out capacitor and line trap, because short circuit impedance and input impedance, loaded impedance can not be accomplished to test simultaneously, the variation of power supply or line parameter circuit value will influence the precision of measuring.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to avoid above-mentioned weak point of the prior art and propose a kind of quick ground test method of track circuit primary parameter high precision and test equipment thereof, owing on China's main line railway, mainly be to use the jointless track circuit that has building-out capacitor at present, electrified circuit is also more and more, and traditional primary parameter test method is the demand of incompatibility railway transportation career development more and more.The increasing of trunk railway speed-raising simultaneously,, train operation density also require the measuring accuracy height, convenient and swift, to the little primary parameter test method of vehicling operation influence.Yet, because track circuit is with the extraordinary circuit of steel rail line as conductor, be a kind of circuit with parameter of distribution, distance is very long between sending end and the receiving end; The normally FSK that transmits in rail modulation or adopt the modulation of other modulation systems after signal, be again the return flow line of electric traction electric current at the electrified section rail, it is bigger directly the signal that transmits in the rail to be carried out the parameter testing difficulty; Having the jointless track circuit section of building-out capacitor and line trap, the transmission performance of track circuit is subjected to the influence of building-out capacitor and line trap, overcome this influence and need pay certain cost; In order not disturb vehicling operation, just should not carry out when test that get rid of at the scene, the wiring operation, but just can not " make " test required track circuit " open circuit " and " short circuit " condition like this, need study new test method.
At existing track circuit primary parameter test method can not be applicable to all standards track circuit section (the jointless track circuit section that particularly has building-out capacitor and line trap), test method complexity, disturb that shortcomings such as vehicling operation, measuring accuracy are low, the present invention will propose a kind ofly to be applicable to all track circuit standards, test method is easy, quick and the high ground test method of precision.
Purpose of the present invention can reach by following measure:
The quick ground test method of a kind of track circuit primary parameter high precision,
One. the concrete implementation step of test method
(1) track circuit section of uncompensated electric capacity and line trap
Choosing an intersegmental distance arbitrarily at tested track circuit section is the circuit of 4l, is initial point O with the mid point of this section circuit.Test procedure is as follows:
The first step, at the initial point place, test clamp and testing wire will be tested with signal source and standard resistance R
oBe connected between two one steel rails;
Second step ,+l and-the l place, test clamp and short-circuit line are with two one steel rail short circuits;
The 3rd step, the opening signal source current, transmission frequency is that f, effective value are U on steel rail line
AB1Sinusoidal signal, use the frequency selective voltmeter (central frequency is f) of three same precision to measure the voltage effective value U of three points in signal source place simultaneously then
AB1, U
BC1And U
AC1
The 4th step, disconnect+l and-test fixture and the short-circuit line at l place, change at+2l and-2l place test clamp and short-circuit line two one steel rail short circuits;
In the 5th step, signal source transmission frequency on steel rail line remains unchanged, and continues as f; Use the frequency selective voltmeter (central frequency is f) of three same precision to measure the voltage effective value U of three points in signal source place simultaneously then
AB2, U
BC2And U
AC2
The 6th goes on foot, and calculates the track circuit primary parameter z of this section circuit by pattern 1
﹠amp; gAnd r
d
(2) track circuit section of line trap is arranged
Shift frequency 18 information jointless track circuits will install line trap additional in the centre of track section circuit usually, because this class track circuit length is longer, when carrying out the primary parameter test, can choose an intersegmental distance in avoiding the section of line trap is the circuit of 4l, get suitable l value, repeat the step in (1);
(3) track circuit section of building-out capacitor is arranged
Jointless track circuit such as UM71, WG-21A need be provided with building-out capacitor along the line equally spacedly at rail, common compensation spacing is 100 meters, under the situation that measuring accuracy allows, can get the l value less than or 25 meters, avoid building-out capacitor, choosing an intersegmental distance between adjacent two building-out capacitors is the circuit of 4l, repeats the step in (1);
Also can get the l value is 50 meters, initial point is located at certain middle building-out capacitor place of track circuit, and disconnects this building-out capacitor, repeats the step in (1) then;
If do not allow to remove building-out capacitor during test, the resistance value Z of while building-out capacitor
﹠amp; CCCan accurately measure again, also can carry out the primary parameter test this moment according to the following steps:
6. the mid point of choosing adjacent two building-out capacitors in the middle of the track circuit is as initial point 0,
7. choosing the l value is 50 meters,
8. near two building-out capacitor values the initial point O are accurately measured, and measured error should be less than ± 0.1%,
9. repeat the first step～the 5th step in (1),
10. calculate the track circuit primary parameter z of this section circuit by pattern 2
﹠amp; gAnd r
d
Two calculation procedures
Execution in step is described as follows
The 1st step: parameter l, R are set
o, R
ZAnd Z
﹠amp; CCInitial value
Parameter l is 1/4 of a tested track circuit section total length, and unit is Km; Parameters R
oAdjust resistance for test with signal source place bonded assembly, unit is Ω; Parameters R
ZBe the resistance (comprise contact resistance with rail) of test with short-circuit line, unit is Ω; Parameter Z
﹠amp; CCBe the resistance value (comprising the connection lead with rail) of track circuit section building-out capacitor that building-out capacitor is arranged, unit is Ω;
The 2nd step: read observed reading U
AB1, U
BC1And U
AC1And U
AB2, U
BC2And U
AC2
U
AB1For+l and-the l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that A, B two ends record, unit is: V; U
BC1For+l and-the l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that C, B two ends record, unit is: V; U
AC1For+l and-the l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that A, C two ends record, unit is: V; U
AB2For+2l and-the 2l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that A, B two ends record, unit is: V; U
BC1For+2l and-the 2l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that C, B two ends record, unit is: V; U
AC1For+2l and-the 2l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that A, C two ends record, unit is: V;
The 3rd step: calculate intermediate variable T according to formula (1)
1 ﹠amp;
T
1 ﹠amp;Unit be: Ω;
The 4th step: calculate intermediate variable T according to formula (2)
2 ﹠amp;
T
2 ﹠amp;Unit be: Ω;
The 5th step: judge that computation schema is a pattern 1, or pattern 2? if pattern 1 transfers execution to
The 6th step; If be pattern 2, then carried out for the 7th step;
The 6th step: calculate intermediate variable Z according to formula (3)
﹠amp; DX
Z
﹠amp; DXUnit be: Ω;
The 7th step: calculate intermediate variable Z according to formula (4)
﹠amp; DX
Z
﹠amp; DXUnit be: Ω;
The 8th step: calculate intermediate variable T according to formula (5)
3 ﹠amp;
T
3 ﹠amp;Unit be: Ω;
The 9th step: according to formula (6) calculated characteristics impedance Z
﹠amp; C
Z
﹠amp; CBe the intrinsic impedance of test line, unit is: Ω;
The 10th step: calculate attenuation constant γ according to formula (7)
﹠amp;
γ
﹠amp;Be the attenuation constant of test line, unit is: Km
-1
The 11st step: calculate rail impedance z according to formula (8)
﹠amp; g
z
﹠amp; gBe the unit rail impedance of test line, unit is: Ω/Km;
The 12nd step: calculate ballast aggregate leak resistance r according to formula (8)
d
r
dBe the unit ballast aggregate leak resistance of test line, unit is: Ω Km.
The quick ground test equipment of a kind of track circuit primary parameter high precision,
Proving installation is divided into following 6 parts:
1. power unit
Constitute by battery, source switch, power conversion,
One tunnel output of voltage reference is as four tunnel synchronous analog-to-digital a reference sources, and another road exports limited amplitude protection and differential input end to,
The power monitoring unit links to each other with system bus;
2. microprocessor portion is constructed as follows:
The data RAM of the data space that provides for test program,
Be used to deposit the program RAM of program code,
For microprocessor provides reset signal and comprises the supervision reset circuit of watchdog circuit,
For microprocessor provides the crystal oscillator of system clock,
Be used to guarantee the stability of bus work and the bus driver and the buffering of reliability;
3. analog acquisition passage is constructed as follows:
Realization is to four road signal U
AB, U
AC, U
BCWith the synchronous acquisition of voltage reference, and be converted into digital quantity, for four tunnel synchronous analogue to digital conversions of microprocessor processes,
Insulation blocking is carried out in measured signal, is controlled the isolation and the gain control of automatic gain control circuit simultaneously by microprocessor through bus,
Incoming signal is carried out amplitude limit, and by the difference input circuit, with A, B, C three road signals and the limited amplitude protection and the difference input that are converted to four road signals on common ground by the reference voltage signal of voltage reference input;
4. signal output channels
Adopt digital frequency synthesis technology, the numerical frequency that produces highly purified sine voltage signal is synthetic;
Realize the preposition amplification of the preposition amplification of signal,
Realize the power amplifier of the power gain of signal, output signal line has three, and a signal wire (SW) is as A road signal feedback " limited amplitude protection and difference input " unit to the analog acquisition passage; In addition two wire joints are to two one steel rail places of tested track circuit section center-point;
5. external memory storage and real-time clock are constructed as follows:
The external memory storage that is used for store test data,
Be used for determining the real-time timepiece chip of test duration;
6. man machine interface part is constructed as follows:
Be used for operating personal and key in the keyboard of information or control command,
Be used to show the liquid crystal of detecting information.
The present invention has following advantage compared to existing technology:
1. the track circuit standard that is suitable for of test method
Test method is applicable to various types of track circuits of present domestic use, comprises the jointless track circuit that has building-out capacitor or line trap, electrified sections track circuit etc.
2. the availability of test method
Because this test method do not need to use the track circuit open-circuit condition in test process, and adopt short circuited method that other parts of one section circuit in the track circuit and this track circuit are kept apart, send signal voluntarily between in the line to finish test.Therefore, in test process, tested section track circuit can maintain normal working, does not need track circuit transmitter to quit work; Simultaneously, do not need track circuit equipment is carried out fishing line and wiring operation, convenient test, quick yet.
Test method only needs to carry out short circuit at 4 points of track circuit section, operates at twice, can be calculated the primary parameter of this section by test equipment automatically, and whole test process can finish within 5 minutes.If before test, in advance enough testers are demarcated and be equipped with to the distance between the relevant short circuit place of track circuit, the test duration can foreshorten within 2 minutes.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. track circuit primary parameter test circuit scheme drawing;
Fig. 2. track circuit primary parameter test first step scheme drawing;
Fig. 3. second step of track circuit primary parameter test scheme drawing;
Fig. 4. the track circuit primary parameter is tested the 4th step scheme drawing;
Fig. 5. the computer program diagram of circuit;
Fig. 6. building-out capacitor track circuit primary parameter test circuit scheme drawing is arranged;
Fig. 7. track circuit primary parameter test equipment schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
1. the concrete implementation step of test method
(1) track circuit section of uncompensated electric capacity and line trap
Please join by as Fig. 1 track circuit primary parameter test circuit scheme drawing, choosing an intersegmental distance arbitrarily at tested track circuit section is the circuit of 4l, is initial point O with the mid point of this section circuit.Test procedure is as follows:
The first step please be joined by Fig. 2 track circuit primary parameter test first step scheme drawing, and at the initial point place, test clamp J and testing wire will be tested with signal source and standard resistance R
oBe connected between two one steel rails;
Second step, please join by second step of Fig. 3 track circuit primary parameter test scheme drawing ,+l and-the l place, test clamp and short-circuit line are with two one steel rail short circuits;
The 3rd step, the opening signal source current, transmission frequency is that f, effective value are U on steel rail line
AB1Sinusoidal signal; Use the frequency selective voltmeter (central frequency is f) of three same precision to measure the voltage effective value U of three points in signal source place simultaneously then
AB1, U
BC1And U
AC1
The 4th step, please join by Fig. 4 track circuit primary parameter and test the 4th step scheme drawing, disconnect+l and-test fixture and the short-circuit line at l place, change at+2l and-2l place test clamp and short-circuit line two one steel rail short circuits;
In the 5th step, signal source transmission frequency on steel rail line continues as f for remaining unchanged; Use the frequency selective voltmeter (central frequency is f) of three same precision to measure the voltage effective value U of three points in signal source place simultaneously then
AB2, U
BC2And U
AC2
In the 6th step, utilize calculation procedure diagram of circuit shown in Figure 5, and calculate the track circuit primary parameter z of this section circuit by pattern 1
﹠amp; gAnd r
d
(2) track circuit section of line trap is arranged
Shift frequency 18 information jointless track circuits will install line trap additional in the centre of track section circuit usually, because this class track circuit length is longer, when carrying out the primary parameter test, can choose an intersegmental distance in avoiding the section of line trap is the circuit of 4l, get suitable l value, repeat the step in (1).
(3) track circuit section of building-out capacitor is arranged
Jointless track circuit such as UM71, WG-21A need be provided with building-out capacitor along the line equally spacedly at rail, common compensation spacing is 100 meters, under the situation that measuring accuracy allows, can get the l value less than or 25 meters, avoid building-out capacitor, choosing an intersegmental distance between adjacent two building-out capacitors is the circuit of 4l, repeats the step in (1).
For measuring accuracy is provided, also can get the l value is 50 meters, initial point is located at certain middle building-out capacitor place of track circuit, and disconnects this building-out capacitor, repeats the step in (1) then.
If do not allow to remove building-out capacitor during test, the resistance value Z of while building-out capacitor
﹠amp; CCCan accurately measure again, also can carry out the primary parameter test this moment according to the following steps:
1. ginseng has building-out capacitor track circuit primary parameter test circuit scheme drawing by Fig. 6, chooses track
The mid point of adjacent two building-out capacitors is as initial point O in the middle of the circuit;
2. choosing the l value is 50 meters;
3. near two building-out capacitor values the initial point O are accurately measured, and measured error should be less than ± 0.1%;
4. repeat the first step～the 5th step in (1);
5. utilize calculation procedure diagram of circuit shown in Figure 5, and calculate the track of this section circuit by pattern 2
Circuit primary parameter z
﹠amp; gAnd r
d
2. some explanation:
(1) test fixture
Test fixture is used to realize the low resistance connection of signal source and short-circuit line and rail.Usually adopt bolt that anchor clamps are crimped on tightly with the rail rail level, contact resistance should be the smaller the better, usually should be less than 0.5m Ω.
(2) short-circuit line
Short-circuit line is used for two one steel rail direct short-circuits with same coordinate points.Short-circuit line should adopt diameter to be not less than the multiply copper core cable of 40mm, and the short-circuit line impedance should be less than 0.5m Ω.
(3) signal source
The sinusoidal power signal of required various frequencies when signal source is used to produce test, reference frequency output is 25～3000Hz, and horsepower output is not less than 30W (when loaded impedance is 4 Ω), and amplitude output signal is stable.Use for the ease of the scene, signal source should be able to adopt powered battery.
(4) frequency selective voltmeter
Frequency selective voltmeter is used to measure the voltage effective value of selected s-f, and the frequency range of choice is 25～3000Hz, and Measurement Resolution should be less than 0.1mV.
(5) parameter value chooses
Generally speaking, should be apart from the value of l greater than 50 meters, and should value big more, survey precision is high more.For improving testing efficiency and precision, can on steel rail line, accurately mark each test point in advance, should preferably be less than ± 0.1m less than ± 0.5m apart from position error.
The signal that signal source sends on steel rail line is the single frequency sinusoidal signal, and the variation range of frequency f is 25～3000Hz, generally speaking, gets the signal carrier frequency value of this section track circuit actual transmissions.The amplitude of signal source output signal should be (effective value) about 5V.
3. calculation procedure
Please join by Fig. 5 computer program diagram of circuit calculation procedure, execution in step is described as follows
The 1st step: parameter l, R are set
o, R
zAnd Z
﹠amp; CCInitial value
Parameter l is 1/4 of a tested track circuit section total length, and unit is Km; Parameters R
oAdjust resistance for test with signal source place bonded assembly, unit is Ω; Parameters R
ZBe the resistance (comprise contact resistance with rail) of test with short-circuit line, unit is Ω; Parameter Z
﹠amp; CCBe the resistance value (comprising the connection lead with rail) of track circuit section building-out capacitor that building-out capacitor is arranged, unit is Ω.
The 2nd step: read observed reading U
AB1, U
BC1And U
AC1And U
AB2, U
BC2And U
AC2
U
AB1For+l and-the l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that A, B two ends record, unit is: V; U
BC1For+l and-the l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that C, B two ends record, unit is: V; U
AC1For+l and-the l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that A, C two ends record, unit is: V; U
AB2For+2l and-the 2l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that A, B two ends record, unit is: V; U
BC1For+2l and-the 2l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that C, B two ends record, unit is: V; U
AC1For+2l and-the 2l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that A, C two ends record, unit is: V.
The 3rd step: calculate intermediate variable T according to formula (1)
1 ﹠amp;
T
1 ﹠amp;Unit be: Ω.
The 4th step: calculate intermediate variable T according to formula (2)
2 ﹠amp;
T
2 ﹠amp;Unit be: Ω.
The 5th step: judge that computation schema is a pattern 1, or pattern 2? if pattern 1 transfers execution to
The 6th step; If be pattern 2, then carried out for the 7th step.
The 6th step: calculate intermediate variable Z according to formula (3)
﹠amp; DX
Z
﹠amp; DXUnit be: Ω.
The 7th step: calculate intermediate variable Z according to formula (4)
﹠amp; DX
Z
﹠amp; DXUnit be: Ω.
The 8th step: calculate intermediate variable T according to formula (5)
﹠amp; 3
T
3 ﹠amp;Unit be: Ω.
The 9th step: according to formula (6) calculated characteristics impedance Z
﹠amp; C
Z
﹠amp; CBe the intrinsic impedance of test line, unit is: Ω.
The 10th step: calculate attenuation constant γ according to formula (7)
﹠amp;
γ
﹠amp;Be the attenuation constant of test line, unit is: Km
-1
The 11st step: calculate rail impedance z according to formula (8)
﹠amp; g
z
﹠amp; gBe the unit rail impedance of test line, unit is: Ω/Km.
The 12nd step: calculate ballast aggregate leak resistance r according to formula (8)
d
r
dBe the unit ballast aggregate leak resistance of test line, unit is: Ω Km.
Please join by Fig. 7 track circuit primary parameter test equipment schematic diagram, the formation of this test equipment is described, it is that core has been formed voltage measurement and signal produces passage that this equipment adopts microprocessor chip and numerical frequency synthesis chip respectively, finish the test of primary parameter by the test program of microprocessor internal, test result is stored in the outside bulk memory.
The proving installation schematic diagram is divided into following 6 parts:
1. power unit
Proving installation adopts the Hi cell power supply, dispense with outer connecting power, convenient on-the-spot the use.
" battery " adopts Hi cell for the total system power supply;
The break-make of " source switch " control power supply;
" power conversion " be converted to the output of battery+5V and ± 15V, for system provides required power supply;
One tunnel output of " voltage reference " is as a reference source of " four tunnel synchronous analogue to digital conversions ", and another road exports " limited amplitude protection and difference input " end to, is used to realize analog acquisition passage zero creep calibration function.
" power monitoring " unit links to each other with system bus, is used for the consumption situation of monitoring battery energy.
2. microprocessor portion
" microprocessor " is central process unit, the core processing of system and function unit;
The data space that " data RAM " provides for test program;
" program RAM " is used to deposit program code;
" supervision reset circuit " for microprocessor provides reset signal, and comprises " house dog " circuit;
" crystal oscillator " provides system clock for microprocessor;
" bus driver and buffering " is used to guarantee the stability and the reliability of bus work.
3. analog acquisition passage
" four tunnel synchronous analogue to digital conversions " realized four road signal U
AB, U
AC, U
BCWith the synchronous acquisition of voltage reference, and be converted into digital quantity, for microprocessor processes;
" isolate and gain control " insulation blocking is carried out in measured signal, simultaneously by microprocessor through bus control automatic gain control circuit, to guarantee the precision of voltage measurement;
" limited amplitude protection and difference input " carries out amplitude limit to incoming signal; and by the difference input circuit; be converted to four road signals on common ground with A, B, C three road signals and by the reference voltage signal of " voltage reference " input, wherein A, B, C three road signals are corresponding to the A among Fig. 3, B, three points of C.
4. signal output channels
Signal output channels is used to produce the required single frequency sinusoidal signal of test.
" numerical frequency is synthetic " unit adopts digital frequency synthesis technology, produces highly purified sine voltage signal;
The preposition amplification of signal is realized in " preposition amplification " unit;
" power amplifier " realizes the power gain of signal, and output signal line has three, and a signal wire (SW) is as A road signal feedback " limited amplitude protection and difference input " unit to the analog acquisition passage; In addition two wire joints are to two one steel rail places of tested track circuit section center-point.
5. external memory storage and real-time clock
" external memory storage " is used for store test data;
" real-time timepiece chip " is used for determining the test duration.
6. man machine interface part
The man machine interface part provides the means of detecting information input and test process control for operating personal.
" keyboard " is used for operating personal and keys in information or control command;
" liquid crystal " is used to show detecting information.
Step when using this equipment to carry out the primary parameter test is as follows:
1. input test segment number, tester, test duration information have default option;
2. input test parameter and the signal parameter that will produce start sendaisle and send test massage to track;
3. measure three voltage parameter U when the short circuit of L place
AB1, U
BC1And U
AC1
4. measure three voltage parameter U when the short circuit of 2L place
AB1, U
BC1And U
AC1Call the primary parameter calculation procedure, obtain secondary parameter and primary parameter, show and storage.
In conjunction with test method and test equipment thereof specific implementation process is described:
1. measuring accuracy
This test method adopts signal source to send test voluntarily and uses sinusoidal signal, rather than tests based on shift frequency that transmits in the track circuit or ac counting signal, helps improving measuring accuracy; The test equipment powered battery has reduced the influence of power supply noise to measuring accuracy; Test process only needs to measure six voltage effective values with frequency selective voltmeter, has avoided phase test; In addition, can also average as result of a measurement by repeatedly measuring, to reduce the influence of random error to result of a measurement.
Through error analysis, when adopting this method of testing to carry out the primary parameter test, the relative error of test result is easy to be less than 5%.And when adopting three impedance methods, reach 10% survey precision and also very be not easy.
2. test process security
Test process carries out under the short circuited condition of track circuit.According to the principle of work of track circuit, during with the track circuit short circuit, be equivalent to this section track circuit with short-circuit line by train occupation, follow-up train can not sail this section again into.Therefore, in test process, tester's safety can be guaranteed, and does not need to be provided with specially protection or lookout man.
3. error analysis
To propose the precision of test method in order analyzing, to adopt the emulation program under the MATLAB environment that algorithm is verified.Method is as follows: establishing the signal source signal voltage transmission is 5V, it is 1 Ω that sending end is adjusted resistance, s-f is got the several dot frequencies among 25～2600Hz in the track circuit standard commonly used, when ballast aggregate leak resistance value changes between 0.1～100 Ω Km, according to track circuit theory, calculate six voltage effective value U when adopting this method of testing
AB1, U
BC1, U
AC1, U
AB2, U
BC2And U
AC2True value, then according to the voltage measurement precision to the processing of rounding off of these six magnitudes of voltage, and consider the various factors that may cause test error, inverse goes out the primary parameter value of this track circuit, calculates the relative error value.
When carrying out error analysis, consideration may cause that the factor of test error has:
1. the measured error of voltage effective value.For resolution is that the measured error of 1mv and 0.1mv is analyzed, and requires the voltage measurement resolution of test equipment should reach 0.1mV.
2. short-circuit line resistance R
zThe non-vanishing test error that causes.Analyze when short-circuit line resistance is 0.01 Ω and 0.005 Ω, and when having considered short-circuit line measurement of resistance deviation for ± 0.0005 Ω and ± 0.001 Ω to the influence of test result.
3. apart from the l measured error.The measured error of adjusting the distance is analyzed for ± 0.5 meter situation with ± 0.2 meter.
4. send and adjust resistance R
oMeasured error.The test error that sending end is adjusted resistance is that the situation of 0.005 Ω and 0.001 Ω is analyzed.
According to error analysis, the applicable elements that draws test method is:
1. for carrier frequency the frequency shift modulated track circuit of 550～850Hz, when the l value is 100 meters, reach at the ballast aggregate leak resistance in 0～5 Ω .Km scope build-in test error less than 5% requirement, short-circuit line resistance should be less than 0.01 Ω, voltage resolution is 0.1mV, short-circuit line measurement of resistance deviation is less than ± 0.5m Ω, sends to adjust the measurement of resistance deviation less than ± 5m Ω, and the range observation deviation is less than ± 0.5m.
2. for carrier frequency the ac counting track circuit of 25～75Hz, when the l value is 300 meters, reach at the ballast aggregate leak resistance in 0～5 Ω .Km scope build-in test error less than 5% requirement, short-circuit line resistance should be less than 0.01 Ω, voltage resolution is 0.1mV, short-circuit line measurement of resistance deviation is less than ± 0.1m Ω, sends to adjust the measurement of resistance deviation less than ± 5m Ω, and the range observation deviation is less than ± 0.5m.
3. for carrier frequency the UM71 track circuit of 1700～2600Hz, when the l value is 25 meters, reach at the ballast aggregate leak resistance in 0～5 Ω .Km scope build-in test error less than 10% requirement, short-circuit line resistance should be less than 0.01 Ω, voltage resolution is 0.1mV, short-circuit line measurement of resistance deviation is less than ± 0.1m Ω, sends to adjust the measurement of resistance deviation less than ± 1m Ω, and the range observation deviation is less than ± 0.1m.
4. for carrier frequency the UM71 track circuit of 1700～2600Hz, when removing a building-out capacitor, make when the l value is 50 meters, reach at the ballast aggregate leak resistance in 0～5 Ω .Km scope build-in test error less than 5% requirement, short-circuit line resistance should be less than 0.01 Ω, and voltage resolution is 0.1mV, and short-circuit line measurement of resistance deviation is less than ± 0.5m Ω, send to adjust the measurement of resistance deviation less than ± 5m Ω, the range observation deviation is less than ± 0.1m.
5. for carrier frequency the UM71 track circuit of 1700～2600Hz, having under the situation of building-out capacitor, when the l value is 50 meters, reach at the ballast aggregate leak resistance in 0～5 Ω .Km scope build-in test error less than 5% requirement, short-circuit line resistance should be less than 0.01 Ω, and voltage resolution is 0.1mV, short-circuit line measurement of resistance deviation is less than ± 0.5m Ω, send to adjust the measurement of resistance deviation less than ± 5m Ω, the range observation deviation is less than ± 0.1m, and building-out capacitor impedance measurement error should be less than ± 0.1%.
This test method and test equipment thereof be high precision, fast, can be used for the track circuit primary parameter ground test of all track circuit standards.Just can obtain the rail impedance and the ballast aggregate leakage impedance value of this section circuit through simple computation.Not only method is simple and practical, precision is high for this test method and test equipment thereof, applied widely, and test the time need not to carry out that get rid of at the scene, the wiring operation, disturbs very little to vehicling operation.In addition, test process itself is safe, need not the tester is adopted extra safeguard procedures.Test method is a breakthrough to traditional primary parameter test method, for the system design and the handling labor of track circuit provides the actv. means of testing.
Claims (2)
1. quick ground test method of track circuit primary parameter high precision is characterized in that:
One. the concrete implementation step of test method
(1) track circuit section of uncompensated electric capacity and line trap
Choosing an intersegmental distance arbitrarily at tested track circuit section is the circuit of 4l, is initial point O with the mid point of this section circuit.Test procedure is as follows:
The first step, at the initial point place, test clamp and testing wire will be tested with signal source and standard resistance R
oBe connected between two one steel rails;
Second step ,+l and-the l place, test clamp and short-circuit line are with two one steel rail short circuits;
The 3rd step, the opening signal source current, transmission frequency is that f, effective value are U on steel rail line
AB1Sinusoidal signal, use the frequency selective voltmeter (central frequency is f) of three same precision to measure the voltage effective value U of three points in signal source place simultaneously then
AB1, U
BC1And U
AC1
The 4th step, disconnect+l and-test fixture and the short-circuit line at l place, change at+2l and-2l place test clamp and short-circuit line two one steel rail short circuits;
In the 5th step, signal source transmission frequency on steel rail line remains unchanged, and continues as f; Use the frequency selective voltmeter (central frequency is f) of three same precision to measure the voltage effective value U of three points in signal source place simultaneously then
AB2, U
BC2And U
AC2
The 6th goes on foot, and calculates the track circuit primary parameter z of this section circuit by pattern 1
g ﹠amp;And r
d
(2) track circuit section of line trap is arranged
Shift frequency 18 information jointless track circuits will install line trap additional in the centre of track section circuit usually, because this class track circuit length is longer, when carrying out the primary parameter test, can choose an intersegmental distance in avoiding the section of line trap is the circuit of 4l, get suitable l value, repeat the step in (1);
(3) track circuit section of building-out capacitor is arranged
Jointless track circuit such as UM71, WG-21A need be provided with building-out capacitor along the line equally spacedly at rail, common compensation spacing is 100 meters, under the situation that measuring accuracy allows, can get the l value less than or 25 meters, avoid building-out capacitor, choosing an intersegmental distance between adjacent two building-out capacitors is the circuit of 4l, repeats the step in (1);
Also can get the l value is 50 meters, initial point is located at certain middle building-out capacitor place of track circuit, and disconnects this building-out capacitor, repeats the step in (1) then;
If do not allow to remove building-out capacitor during test, the resistance value Z of while building-out capacitor
CC ﹠amp;Can accurately measure again, also can carry out the primary parameter test this moment according to the following steps:
1. the mid point of choosing adjacent two building-out capacitors in the middle of the track circuit is as initial point O,
2. choosing the l value is 50 meters,
3. near two building-out capacitor values the initial point O are accurately measured, and measured error should be less than ± 0.1%,
4. repeat the first step～the 5th step in (1),
5. calculate the track circuit primary parameter z of this section circuit by pattern 2
g ﹠amp;And r
d
Two calculation procedures
Execution in step is described as follows
The 1st step: parameter l, R are set
o, R
zAnd Z
CC ﹠amp;Initial value
Parameter l is 1/4 of a tested track circuit section total length, and unit is Km; Parameters R
oAdjust resistance for test with signal source place bonded assembly, unit is Ω; Parameters R
zBe the resistance (comprise contact resistance with rail) of test with short-circuit line, unit is Ω; Parameter Z
CC ﹠amp;Be the resistance value (comprising the connection lead with rail) of track circuit section building-out capacitor that building-out capacitor is arranged, unit is Ω;
The 2nd step: read observed reading U
AB1, U
BC1And U
AC1And U
AB2, U
BC2And U
AC2
U
AB1For+l and-the l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that A, B two ends record, unit is: V; U
BC1For+l and-the l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that C, B two ends record, unit is: V; U
AC1For+l and-the l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that A, C two ends record, unit is: V; U
AB2For+2l and-the 2l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that A, B two ends record, unit is: V; U
BC1For+2l and-the 2l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that C, B two ends record, unit is: V; U
AC1For+2l and-the 2l place is during with two one steel rail short circuits, at the voltage effective value that A, C two ends record, unit is: V;
The 3rd step: calculate intermediate variable T according to formula (1)
1 ﹠amp;
T
1 ﹠amp;Unit be: Ω;
The 4th step: calculate intermediate variable T according to formula (2)
2 ﹠amp;
T
2 ﹠amp;Unit be: Ω;
The 5th step: judge that computation schema is a pattern 1, or pattern 2? if pattern 1 transfers execution to
The 6th step; If be pattern 2, then carried out for the 7th step;
The 6th step: calculate intermediate variable Z according to formula (3)
DX ﹠amp;
Z
DX ﹠amp;Unit be: Ω;
The 7th step: calculate intermediate variable Z according to formula (4)
DX ﹠amp;
Z
DX ﹠amp;Unit be: Ω;
The 8th step: calculate intermediate variable T according to formula (5)
3 ﹠amp;
T
3 ﹠amp;Unit be: Ω;
The 9th step: according to formula (6) calculated characteristics impedance Z
C ﹠amp;
Z
C ﹠amp;Be the intrinsic impedance of test line, unit is: Ω;
The 10th step: calculate attenuation constant r according to formula (7)
﹠amp;
r
﹠amp;Be the attenuation constant of test line, unit is: Km
-1
The 11st step: calculate rail impedance z according to formula (8)
g ﹠amp;
z
g ﹠amp;Be the unit rail impedance of test line, unit is: Ω/Km;
The 12nd step: calculate ballast aggregate leak resistance r according to formula (8)
d
r
dBe the unit ballast aggregate leak resistance of test line, unit is: Ω Km.
2. quick ground test equipment of track circuit primary parameter high precision, it is characterized in that: proving installation is divided into following 6 parts:
1. power unit
Constitute by battery, source switch, power conversion,
One tunnel output of voltage reference is as four tunnel synchronous analog-to-digital a reference sources, and another road exports limited amplitude protection and differential input end to,
The power monitoring unit links to each other with system bus;
2. microprocessor portion is constructed as follows:
The data RAM of the data space that provides for test program,
Be used to deposit the program RAM of program code,
For microprocessor provides reset signal and comprises the supervision reset circuit of watchdog circuit,
For microprocessor provides the crystal oscillator of system clock,
Be used to guarantee the stability of bus work and the bus driver and the buffering of reliability;
3. analog acquisition passage is constructed as follows:
Realization is to four road signal U
AB, U
AC, U
BCWith the synchronous acquisition of voltage reference, and be converted into digital quantity, for four tunnel synchronous analogue to digital conversions of microprocessor processes,
Insulation blocking is carried out in measured signal, is controlled the isolation and the gain control of automatic gain control circuit simultaneously by microprocessor through bus,
Incoming signal is carried out amplitude limit, and by the difference input circuit, with A, B, C three road signals and the limited amplitude protection and the difference input that are converted to four road signals on common ground by the reference voltage signal of voltage reference input;
4. signal output channels
Adopt digital frequency synthesis technology, the numerical frequency that produces highly purified sine voltage signal is synthetic;
Realize the preposition amplification of the preposition amplification of signal,
Realize the power amplifier of the power gain of signal, output signal line has three, and a signal wire (SW) is as A road signal feedback " limited amplitude protection and difference input " unit to the analog acquisition passage; In addition two wire joints are to two one steel rail places of tested track circuit section center-point;
5. external memory storage and real-time clock are constructed as follows:
The external memory storage that is used for store test data,
Be used for determining the real-time timepiece chip of test duration;
6. man machine interface part is constructed as follows:
Be used for operating personal and key in the keyboard of information or control command,
Be used to show the liquid crystal of detecting information.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200310100383 CN1270929C (en) | 2003-10-14 | 2003-10-14 | Track circuit primary parameter high-precision rapid ground measuring method and measuring apparatus thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN1270929C CN1270929C (en) | 2006-08-23 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN101046493B (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2012-04-25 | 中铁八局集团有限公司 | Track plate insulation detecting method |
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| CN102608475A (en) * | 2012-04-08 | 2012-07-25 | 柳州辰天科技有限责任公司 | Track circuit electrical characteristic monitoring system |
| CN102854387A (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2013-01-02 | 浙江师范大学 | Method for testing leakage admittance between rails of uninsulated audio frequency track circuit |
| CN101738569B (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2014-05-14 | 阿尔斯通运输股份有限公司 | Device for detecting anomalies in installation for rail vehicle supervision, associated installation and method |
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| CN107600112A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-19 | 中国铁路通信信号上海工程局集团有限公司 | Semiautomatic block railway track broken rail monitoring system and method |
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| CN101046493B (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2012-04-25 | 中铁八局集团有限公司 | Track plate insulation detecting method |
| CN101738569B (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2014-05-14 | 阿尔斯通运输股份有限公司 | Device for detecting anomalies in installation for rail vehicle supervision, associated installation and method |
| CN102472775B (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2015-09-02 | 帝斯贝思数字信号处理和控制工程有限公司 | For measuring and/or the equipment of generating electrical variables and method |
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| CN102608475A (en) * | 2012-04-08 | 2012-07-25 | 柳州辰天科技有限责任公司 | Track circuit electrical characteristic monitoring system |
| CN102608475B (en) * | 2012-04-08 | 2014-05-14 | 柳州辰天科技有限责任公司 | Track circuit electrical characteristic monitoring system |
| CN102854387A (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2013-01-02 | 浙江师范大学 | Method for testing leakage admittance between rails of uninsulated audio frequency track circuit |
| CN102854387B (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-08-20 | 浙江师范大学 | Method for testing leakage admittance between rails of uninsulated audio frequency track circuit |
| CN104460581A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-03-25 | 株洲南车时代电气股份有限公司 | Track signal generating device and method |
| CN104460581B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2017-06-09 | 株洲南车时代电气股份有限公司 | A kind of track signal generating means and method |
| CN107600112A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-19 | 中国铁路通信信号上海工程局集团有限公司 | Semiautomatic block railway track broken rail monitoring system and method |
| CN107600112B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2023-10-13 | 中国铁路通信信号上海工程局集团有限公司 | Semi-automatic blocking railway rail broken rail monitoring system and method |
| CN111913126A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-11-10 | 神华包神铁路集团有限责任公司 | Insulation pad arcing fault detection method |
| CN111913126B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2023-03-21 | 神华包神铁路集团有限责任公司 | Insulation pad arcing fault detection method |
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