CN107600112B - Semi-automatic blocking railway rail broken rail monitoring system and method - Google Patents

Semi-automatic blocking railway rail broken rail monitoring system and method Download PDF

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CN107600112B
CN107600112B CN201710880317.2A CN201710880317A CN107600112B CN 107600112 B CN107600112 B CN 107600112B CN 201710880317 A CN201710880317 A CN 201710880317A CN 107600112 B CN107600112 B CN 107600112B
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resistor
rail
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current
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CN107600112A (en
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徐红阳
万宝华
赵麟杰
秦敏霞
张长生
张健丰
范景祥
刘明荐
汤宏亮
宋培城
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Shanghai Xinhai Xintong Information Technology Co ltd
China Railway Signal and Communication Shanghai Engineering Bureau Group Co Ltd
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Shanghai Xinhai Xintong Information Technology Co ltd
China Railway Signal and Communication Shanghai Engineering Bureau Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a semi-automatic block railway rail broken rail monitoring system and a method thereof, wherein the monitoring system is provided with at least one monitoring interval, and each monitoring interval is provided with monitoring equipment; the monitoring equipment comprises a direct-current power supply, a monitoring host, an information acquisition module and a data transmission module; the monitoring host is respectively connected with the direct-current power supply, the information acquisition module and the data transmission module; the information acquisition module comprises a plurality of steel rail direct current resistors, a plurality of steel rail short circuits, circuit protection piezoresistors, low-frequency choke coils and an adjusting current-limiting resistor; the monitoring interval is divided into a plurality of sections, and the two steel rails are a first steel rail and a second steel rail respectively; the first steel rail and the second steel rail are respectively provided with a steel rail direct current resistor, and the steel rails of each section of the first steel rail are respectively connected with the corresponding sections of the second steel rail through short circuit resistors. The semi-automatic blocking railway rail broken rail monitoring system and method provided by the invention can be used for monitoring rail broken rail and ensuring the safety of railway traffic.

Description

Semi-automatic blocking railway rail broken rail monitoring system and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of broken rail monitoring, relates to a broken rail monitoring system, and particularly relates to a semi-automatic blocking railway steel rail broken rail monitoring system; meanwhile, the invention also relates to a semi-automatic blocking railway rail break monitoring method.
Background
Along with the rapid development of railway industry and the improvement of train speed in China, higher requirements are put forward on the safety and efficiency of railway transportation. Therefore, it is an important issue to detect rail breakage in real time on a railway line, and to ensure that the principle of "fail-safe" can be satisfied when rail breakage occurs. The existing high-speed rail and common-speed railway automatic blocking section has all the railway signal equipment provided with track circuits, so that rail breakage inspection is realized. However, the semi-automatic blocking section is only provided with a near track circuit at 1200-1400 m outside the incoming signal, no track circuit is arranged in the whole section from the receiving end of the near track circuit of the station to the receiving end of the near track circuit of the adjacent station, and the rail is not inspected when broken, and the inspection is completely carried out by personnel.
The steel rail is used as ground foundation equipment, and the working state of the steel rail directly influences the transportation safety of the train. The train can bring great potential safety hazard through broken rails, and even serious driving accidents such as derailment, subversion and the like can be caused. The derailment of the train caused by rail breakage and the subversion of a major driving accident tell us, so that the detection of the rail breakage is enhanced, and the method has very important significance for guaranteeing the safe operation of the train.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a non-blocking section broken rail monitoring system to detect rail breakage in real time on line, and to give an alarm in time when rail breakage occurs, so as to prevent rail breakage from causing train derailment and subversion accidents.
1. Based on the principle of track circuit
The real-time broken rail detection method based on the track circuit principle is characterized in that a steel rail is used as a circuit, and whether broken rails occur or not is judged by transmitting and receiving electric signals (voltage or current). As with the track circuit, although the real-time broken rail detection method based on the track circuit principle has the defect of being greatly influenced by the track bed condition, the method has strong feasibility because the principle and the technology are relatively mature.
2. Traction reflux rail break detection method
The traction backflow rail break detection method uses a complete traction backflow circuit as a basis. The current in any rail is only interrupted when the rail breaks. In any event, abnormal current flows back to the substation through the shorting bars of adjacent rails bypassing the break. The resulting unbalanced current can be detected. But it relies on the existence of traction reflux, i.e. it can only detect the broken rail between the train on the power supply arm of the traction substation and the substation. In addition, the real-time rail break detection method for traction reflux has the difficulty that the traction reflux distribution situation on all steel rails under various load conditions (the size of the train load and the position of the train) is analyzed and clear according to a traction reflux circuit network of an actual line.
3. Real-time broken rail detection method for optical fiber
The real-time broken rail detection method of the optical fiber uses a standard single-mode optical fiber attached to a rail by an epoxy resin adhesive tape for detection. One end of the optical fiber is connected with the light source, and the other end is a receiver. If the rail breaks, the optical fiber will break and the light will not reach the receiver, thereby judging that rail break occurs as shown in the figure
The optical fiber broken rail detection method proves to be a very reliable broken rail detection method, but the installation and maintenance work thereof are difficult to be practically used.
Similar to an optical cable, a cable and a steel rail are used as detection channels, the loop current changes obviously when the steel rail breaks, the principle is very simple, but the cable laying engineering along the line is very huge, and the practical application is difficult.
4. Ultrasonic rail break detection
The sound wave generating device is arranged in the middle of one section of track, and the sound wave receiving device is arranged at the left end and the right end of the track at a certain distance. When the transmitting device sends out sound waves, the sound waves propagate leftwards and rightwards along the steel rail, if a crack or a broken rail is encountered, the receiving device can not receive or the received signals are obviously reduced, and accordingly whether the steel rail is broken or damaged can be judged.
Some energy is reflected back when the ultrasonic waves meet the welding line, and the acting distance is limited. To increase the detection distance, the transmitter power must be increased, which is disadvantageous for battery powered devices.
In view of this, there is an urgent need to design a rail break monitoring method for a railway rail so as to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the existing rail break monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the semi-automatic blocking railway rail broken rail monitoring system can monitor rail broken rail and ensure railway traffic safety.
In addition, the invention also provides a semi-automatic blocking railway rail breakage monitoring method which can monitor rail breakage and ensure the safety of railway traffic.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a semi-automatic block railway rail broken rail monitoring system, wherein the monitoring system is provided with at least one monitoring interval, and each monitoring interval is provided with monitoring equipment;
each set of monitoring equipment adopts a double-set redundancy mode, and is divided into a main mode and a standby mode, one set of equipment fails, the standby equipment is automatically put into use, and an audible and visual alarm is sent out to prompt the failure of the field equipment;
the monitoring equipment comprises a direct-current power supply, a monitoring host, an information acquisition module and a GPRS data transmission module; the monitoring host is respectively connected with the direct-current power supply, the information acquisition module and the GPRS data transmission module;
The information acquisition module comprises a plurality of steel rail direct current resistors, a plurality of steel rail short-circuit lines, a circuit protection piezoresistor, a 50Hz low-frequency choke coil and an adjusting current-limiting resistor;
two steel rails in the monitoring interval are divided into a section every kilometer; the two rails are a first rail and a second rail respectively, and each section of the first rail and each corresponding section of the second rail which are equally divided are mutually symmetrical;
each section of the first steel rail and each section of the second steel rail are respectively provided with a steel rail direct current resistor, and each section of the first steel rail is also connected with the corresponding section of the second steel rail through a short circuit resistor;
the direct current power supply is 24V16A direct current power supply, is directly connected with the steel rail through the regulating current limiting resistor and the 50Hz low-frequency choke coil, and the rail surface is connected with the circuit protection piezoresistor in parallel;
the regulating current-limiting resistor is mainly used for overcurrent protection when a train passes through, the 50Hz low-frequency choke coil plays a role in inhibiting 50Hz traction current from flowing into the direct-current power supply, and the circuit protection piezoresistor is used for preventing high voltage from reversely puncturing the direct-current power supply, so that the effects of protection and lightning protection are achieved;
a steel rail direct current resistor is arranged every kilometer and is used as a shunt resistor; when the rail breaking point is in front of the shunt resistor, no current flows through the shunt resistor after rail breaking, and the total current is instantaneously reduced so as to distinguish the rail breaking position and accurately locate within a kilometer range;
The method comprises the steps that a rail short-circuit line is installed at the farthest point of each section of rail, current flowing through the rail short-circuit line is monitored, no rail break occurs, current flows through the rail short-circuit line, and after the rail break occurs, the rail short-circuit line has no current and is used for monitoring whether the rail break occurs;
when rail breakage occurs, the acquisition is used for obtaining a reliable monitoring alarm condition, and the specific position of a rail breaking point is broken through an instantaneous change area with reduced current;
the power transmission end rail break alarm information acquisition mode adopts two modes: firstly, a steel rail lead wire at a power transmission end passes through a direct current hollow sensor to detect the change of current flowing through the steel rail lead wire; and secondly, the voltage on the current limiting resistor at the power transmission end is changed. Both the two changing conditions can be used as rail break alarm information; the alarm information is transmitted to a computer of a work section dispatching center for analysis and processing after being processed by a monitoring host;
the acquisition of the rail break alarm information of the power receiving end is relatively simple, only the short-circuit line of the steel rail passes through the direct current hollow sensor, the data of the current flowing through the short-circuit line of the steel rail is acquired through the direct current hollow sensor, whether the current exists or not is judged, the rail is not broken due to the current, and the rail is broken due to the current which does not exist; the two information of 'have' and 'do not' are sent to a work section dispatching center computer for analysis and processing;
When a train is sensed to enter a monitoring zone and a broken rail monitoring zone is pressed, the wheel set short-circuits the steel rail, the current of the power transmission end is increased, and after the current of the power transmission end is increased to a certain value, the power transmission end equipment stops transmitting power to the steel rail; the train pressure monitoring section cannot monitor the rail breakage state, and the monitoring system stops rail breakage monitoring; firstly, protecting a power supply at a power transmission end from overload; secondly, existing electric energy is saved, and monitoring time is prolonged;
because the interval line is not provided with an alternating current power supply, a solar battery and a storage battery are adopted for supplying power; because of the power supply reason of the battery, the current of the transmitting end cannot be continuous all the time, in order to ensure the power supply time of the power supply and reduce the power consumption, a discontinuous monitoring method is adopted, 1 minute is monitored every 10 minutes, and the discontinuous monitoring time can be set according to the power supply condition of the power supply, so that the purposes of reducing the power consumption and completing the track breakage monitoring are achieved;
the electrified traction section is anti-interference, firstly, a direct current is adopted, an electrified 50Hz interference source and multiple harmonics have small interference with a direct current loop, and a low-frequency choke coil is arranged at a transmitting end to choke 50Hz interference power supply equipment; secondly, the unbalance of the impedance of the two steel rails can cause large rail pressure difference, and from a power transmission end, the parallel resistance of each kilometer and the short-circuit line of the far end are small, so that the two steel rails are basically balanced;
Before installing the direct current rail broken rail monitoring equipment, testing the existing rail impedance and the ballast resistance:
1. the method for testing the rail impedance and the ballast resistance of the section to be monitored adopts a direct current open circuit method for testing;
2. the testing method comprises the following steps:
(1) When the power receiving end is open, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ks (V) and Power transmitting end Current I ks (A)；
(2) When the power receiving end is short-circuited, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ds (V) and Power transmitting end Current I ds (A)；
(3) Whether open circuit or short circuit is caused, the voltage and the current of the power transmission end are measured in the positive polarity and the negative polarity, and then the average value is taken to eliminate the influence of the current loss;
3. the calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the measured U ks ，I ks ，U ds ，I ds And the length l of the steel rail is calculated:
r k ＝R B ×γ
wherein R is ks Is an open circuit resistance, R ds Is short-circuit resistance, R B Is the wave resistance, gamma is the propagation constant, l is the track circuit length, r k Is the resistance of the steel rail, r d Is ballast resistance;
after the rail impedance and ballast resistance of the monitoring section are measured, the short-circuit resistance of each kilometer is correctly configured, the current of the far-end short-circuit line and each parallel resistor is ensured to be about 200 mA-500 mA, and the reliability of monitoring broken rails is improved.
The direct-current power supply adopts a solar power supply constant-current constant-voltage circuit, and the solar power supply constant-current constant-voltage circuit comprises a solar charging circuit and a constant-voltage constant-current control circuit; the solar charging circuit comprises a solar battery voltage and current detection circuit and a charging conversion circuit;
The solar cell voltage and current detection circuit comprises a solar cell panel, a first fuse F1, a fourth chip U4, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fourteenth resistor R14, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4 and an eighteenth capacitor C18, wherein the first fuse F1 plays a role in safety protection to prevent other circuit damages caused by abnormal power supply of the solar cell panel, the fourth chip U4 is a current detection chip and is a precision current sensing amplifier, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 form a voltage division circuit, and voltage information of the solar cell can be calculated according to the measured voltage division value; the first fuse F1 is connected to the positive electrode of the solar cell panel, the negative electrode of the solar cell panel is grounded, the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the other end of the first fuse F1 and the drain electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit, the third capacitor C3 is connected to the two ends of the third resistor R3 in parallel, the first pin of the fourth chip U4 is connected to the drain electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the eighteenth capacitor C18 is connected between the first pin and the eighth pin of the fourth chip U4, the second pin of the first chip U4 is connected to a power supply +5V, the second capacitor C2 is connected between the second pin and the fourth pin of the fourth chip U4, the fourth pin of the fourth chip U4 is grounded, and the fifth pin of the fourth chip U4 is connected to the processor AD pin to calculate the current; the charging conversion circuit converts the voltage output by the solar panel into stable charging voltage required by battery charging, and the voltage generated by the change of the solar battery along with the change of sunlight is not beneficial to the utilization of charging, so that the voltage of the solar panel is raised to the voltage required by the charging of the power storage battery by the boost circuit for improving the solar energy utilization rate and the charging efficiency; the charge conversion circuit comprises a first capacitor C1, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, a first resistor R1, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a fourth field effect transistor Q4, a fifth field effect transistor Q5, a first inductor L1, a second fuse F2, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, a seventh diode D7, an eighth diode D8, a first power storage battery BT1, and a first integrated circuit HR2104; the fourth field effect transistor Q4 and the fifth field effect transistor Q5 are N-type MOS transistors, and as the switching speed is high, the switching function in the BOOST circuit is realized, and the first integrated circuit HR2104 is a MOS transistor switch driving chip; the first capacitor C1 and the first resistor R1 are connected in series between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the gate electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the cathode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the seventh pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104, the fifth resistor R5 is connected in parallel to the two ends of the sixth diode D6, the source electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4 is connected to the drain electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5, the drain electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5 is grounded, the anode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to the gate electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5, the cathode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to the fifth pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104, the sixth resistor is connected to the two ends of the seventh diode D7 in parallel, the fifth capacitor is connected in parallel between the sixth pin and the eighth pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104, the first pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104 is connected to the power supply 12V, the anode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D12V, the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the anode of the eighth pin of the eighth integrated circuit BT1, the anode of the fifth diode D7 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D1 is connected to the anode of the eighth pin of the eighth integrated circuit, the eighth resistor L2 is connected to the anode of the eighth resistor L1 is connected to the anode of the eighth resistor L2, and the anode of the eighth resistor is connected to the eighth resistor L2 is connected to the anode of the eighth resistor L1; the charging conversion circuit can be controlled to work by controlling the first integrated circuit HR2104, the voltage output by the solar battery is converted to the charging voltage of the rechargeable battery BT1, and the second fuse F2 plays a role in protecting the electric storage battery to prevent the electric storage battery or other elements from being damaged due to circuit abnormality;
The constant voltage and constant current control circuit comprises an output control circuit of the power storage battery, a positive and negative 5V voltage conversion module, a DA conversion circuit, an AD conversion circuit, a current constant control circuit and a voltage constant control circuit;
the power storage battery output control circuit comprises a first chip U1, a second chip U2, a fifteenth resistor R15, a sixteenth resistor R16, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first silicon controlled transistor Q1, a second silicon controlled transistor Q2, a tenth capacitor C10, a twenty-third capacitor C23 and a twenty-fourth capacitor C24, wherein the first chip U1 and the second chip U2 are photoelectric isolation coupling chips for protecting the control circuit, the control circuit and the controlled circuit are isolated and protected through photoelectric coupling, the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are Schottky diodes, and the first silicon controlled transistor Q1 and the second silicon controlled transistor Q2 are thyristors; the positive electrode of the first diode D1 is grounded, the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to the collector electrode of the receiving triode of the first chip U1, the emitter electrode of the receiving triode of the first chip U1 is connected to the control electrode of the first silicon controlled rectifier Q1, the positive electrode of the first silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the first diode D1, the negative electrode of the first silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the second diode D2 and is simultaneously connected with the positive electrode of the second silicon controlled rectifier Q2, the negative electrode of the second diode D2 is connected to the collector electrode of the receiving triode of the second chip U2, the emitter electrode of the receiving triode of the second chip U2 is connected to the control electrode of the second silicon controlled rectifier Q2, the fourth pin of the fifteenth resistor R15 is connected to the positive electrode of the emitting diode of the first chip U1, the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected to the positive electrode of the emitting diode of the third interface J3, the fourth pin of the emitting diode of the second chip U2 is connected to the positive electrode of the emitting diode of the second chip U2, the negative electrode of the receiving diode D2 is connected to the negative electrode of the emitting diode of the second chip C2, the second resistor C2 is connected to the negative electrode of the second interface J2, and the twenty-high voltage constant voltage output capacitor C is connected between the second output capacitor C2 and the second capacitor C2 is connected to the second capacitor, and the twenty-high voltage output capacitor C is connected to the second capacitor C2 is connected to the second capacitor of the second capacitor; the positive and negative 5V voltage conversion module mainly provides positive and negative 5V working voltages for the work of each chip in the circuit, and comprises a second integrated chip IC2, a fourth integrated chip IC4, a second inductor L2, a ninth capacitor C9, a nineteenth capacitor C19, a twentieth capacitor C20, a twenty-first capacitor C21, a twenty-second capacitor C22 and a twenty-seventh capacitor C27; the second integrated chip IC2 is a fixed voltage (5V) three-terminal integrated voltage stabilizer, the input voltage can reach 30-35V, the output current can reach 100mA, an external element is not needed, the internal thermal overload protection and the internal short-circuit current limitation are realized, the circuit design is convenient, the IC4 is a charge pump reverse polarity switch integrated voltage stabilizer, the voltage of positive input can be converted into negative output voltage, the negative input voltage can be converted into positive output voltage, and the design converts the positive 5V voltage into-5V voltage; the nineteenth capacitor C19 is connected between the second pin and the fourth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the twenty first capacitor C21 is connected between the third pin and the fifth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the third pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4 is grounded, the second inductor L2 is connected between the fifth pin and the output-5V of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the twenty capacitor C20 is connected between the eighth pin and the ground of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the eighth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4 is connected to the fourth pin of the second integrated chip IC2, the twenty second capacitor C22 is connected between the third pin and the ground of the second integrated chip IC2, the third pin of the second integrated chip IC2 is connected to the voltage division power supply of the eighth resistor R8 and the seventh resistor R7, the ninth capacitor C9 and the twenty fifth capacitor C25 are connected in parallel between the fourth pin and the ground of the second integrated chip IC2, the first pin of the second integrated chip IC2 is grounded, and the fourth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC2 is output +5v of the second integrated chip IC 2;
The DA conversion circuit comprises a third integrated chip IC3, a fifth integrated chip IC5, a twelfth capacitor C12, a fifteenth capacitor C15 and an eighteenth capacitor C18, wherein the third integrated chip IC3 is a 12-bit two-way DAC, serial input, programmable stabilization time and the like, and the fifth integrated chip IC5 is a reference voltage stabilizing chip and provides a reference voltage stabilizing source for the operation of the third integrated chip IC 3; the twelfth capacitor C12 is connected between the sixth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 and the ground, the first pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the first pin of the third interface P3, the second pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the second pin of the third interface P3, the third pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the third pin of the third interface P3, the fourth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 outputs an analog output signal after digital-analog conversion, the fifth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is grounded, the sixth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the sixth pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5, the seventh pin of the third integrated chip IC3 outputs an analog output signal after digital-analog conversion, the eighth pin of the output signal after digital-analog conversion is connected to the power +5V, the fifteenth capacitor C15 is connected between the eighth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 and the ground, the second pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5 is connected to the power +5V, the fourth pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5 is grounded, and the sixth pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5 provides a reference voltage for the fifth integrated chip IC to output the stable reference voltage;
The AD conversion circuit comprises a sixteenth capacitor C16, a seventeenth capacitor C17, a sixth integrated chip IC6, a seventh integrated chip IC7, a nineteenth resistor R19, a twentieth resistor R20 and a twenty first resistor R21; the sixth integrated chip IC6 is a reference voltage stabilizing chip, the seventh integrated chip IC7 is an AD chip, namely an analog-to-digital conversion chip, and the analog signals are converted into digital signals, so that the digital signals are convenient to process with a processor; the sixteenth capacitor C16 is connected between the eighth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, the seventeenth capacitor C17 is connected between the first pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, the first pin, the seventh pin, and the ninth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 are all connected, the sixth pin, the tenth pin, and the eleventh pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 are grounded, the twelfth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the fifth pin of the third interface P3, the thirteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the sixth pin of the third interface P3, the fourteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the seventh pin of the third interface P3, the fifteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the eighth pin of the third interface P3, a sixteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to a ninth pin of the third interface P3, a nineteenth resistor R19 is connected between a fifth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, a twentieth resistor R10 is connected between a fourth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, a twenty first resistor R21 is connected between a third pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, a second pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to a fifth pin of the third chip U3, a fourth pin of the sixth integrated chip IC6 is grounded, a second pin of the sixth integrated chip IC6 is connected to a power supply +5v, and a sixth pin of the sixth integrated chip IC6 outputs a reference voltage for the seventh integrated chip IC7 to operate;
The current constant control circuit comprises a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a first integrated chip IC1, an eighth capacitor C8, a fourteenth capacitor C14, a third chip U3, a fourth diode D4 and a third field effect transistor Q3, wherein the ninth resistor R9 is a sampling circuit, a high-precision resistor with small resistance value and high power is adopted, the first integrated chip IC1 is a differential amplifier, the amplification factor of the differential amplifier can be changed by adjusting the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11, the third chip U3 is a high-speed operational amplifier, and the circuit is used as a high-speed comparator; the ninth resistor R9 is connected between the second pin and the third pin of the first integrated chip IC1, the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11 are connected between the first pin and the eighth pin of the first integrated chip IC1 in parallel, the eighth capacitor C8 is connected between the seventh pin and the ground of the first integrated chip IC1, the fourth pin of the first integrated chip IC1 is connected with a power supply-5V, the fourteenth capacitor C14 is connected between the fourth pin and the ground of the first integrated chip IC1, the sixth pin of the first integrated chip IC1 is connected to the second pin of the third chip U3, the eighteenth resistor R18 is connected between the fourth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 and the third pin of the third chip U3, the eighth pin of the third chip U3 is connected with a power supply-5V, the fourth pin is connected with a power supply +5V, the first pin of the third chip U3 is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode D4, the anode of the fourth diode D4 is connected with the gate of the third field effect transistor Q3, and the gate of the third chip Q3 is connected with the source of the third chip IC 1; the voltage at two ends of the ninth resistor R9 is detected, the analog signals output by the first integrated chip IC1 and the third integrated chip IC3 are processed through high-speed comparison, when the current becomes smaller, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is increased, the power supply is output, the current is increased, when the current becomes larger, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is reduced, the power supply output time is shortened, the current is lower, and the current of the system can be in a constant state through high-speed adjustment;
The voltage constant control circuit comprises a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13, a twenty-second resistor R22, a twenty-sixth resistor R26, a second interface J2, a third chip U3, a third diode D3 and a seventeenth resistor R17; the twelfth resistor R12, the thirteenth resistor R13 and the twenty-second resistor form a voltage dividing circuit, the voltage dividing information of the output voltage can be obtained, and the second interface J2 is an output interface of the constant voltage and constant current power supply; the twelfth resistor R12 and the thirteenth resistor R13 are connected in series between the second pin of the first integrated chip IC1 and the fifth pin of the third chip U3, the twenty-second resistor R22 is connected between the fifth pin of the third chip U3 and ground, the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected between the analog signal output by the third integrated circuit IC3 and the sixth pin of the third chip U3, the seventh pin of the third chip U3 is connected to the negative electrode of the third diode D3, and the positive electrode of the third diode D3 is connected to the positive electrode of the third field effect transistor Q3; the voltage on the twenty-second resistor and the analog signal output by the third integrated chip IC3 are detected and are subjected to high-speed comparison, when the voltage is reduced, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is increased, the power supply is output, the voltage is increased, when the voltage is increased, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is reduced, the power supply output time is shortened, the voltage is reduced, and the voltage of the system can be in a constant state through high-speed adjustment.
A semi-automatic block railway rail broken rail monitoring system, wherein the monitoring system is provided with at least one monitoring interval, and each monitoring interval is provided with monitoring equipment;
the monitoring equipment comprises a direct-current power supply, a monitoring host, an information acquisition module and a data transmission module; the monitoring host is respectively connected with the direct-current power supply, the information acquisition module and the data transmission module;
the information acquisition module comprises a plurality of steel rail direct current resistors, a plurality of steel rail short circuits, circuit protection piezoresistors, low-frequency choke coils and an adjusting current-limiting resistor;
the monitoring interval is divided into a plurality of sections, and the two steel rails are a first steel rail and a second steel rail respectively;
the first steel rail and the second steel rail are respectively provided with a steel rail direct current resistor, and the steel rails of each section of the first steel rail are respectively connected with the corresponding sections of the second steel rail through short circuit resistors.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the direct current power supply is a 24V16A direct current power supply, and is directly connected with a steel rail through the regulating current limiting resistor and a 50Hz low-frequency choke coil, and the rail surface is connected with the circuit protection piezoresistor in parallel;
the regulating current-limiting resistor is mainly used for overcurrent protection when a train passes through, the 50Hz low-frequency choke coil plays a role in inhibiting 50Hz traction current from flowing into the direct-current power supply, and the circuit protection piezoresistor is used for preventing high voltage from reversely puncturing the direct-current power supply, so that the effects of protection and lightning protection are achieved;
A steel rail direct current resistor is arranged every kilometer and is used as a shunt resistor; when the rail breaking point is in front of the shunt resistor, no current flows through the shunt resistor after rail breaking, and the total current is instantaneously reduced so as to distinguish the rail breaking position and accurately locate within a kilometer range;
the method comprises the steps that a rail short-circuit line is installed at the farthest point of each section of rail, current flowing through the rail short-circuit line is monitored, no rail break occurs, current flows through the rail short-circuit line, and after the rail break occurs, the rail short-circuit line has no current and is used for monitoring whether the rail break occurs;
when rail breakage occurs, the alarm condition is reliably monitored through the acquisition, and the specific position of the rail breaking point is separated through the instantaneous change area with reduced current.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, two ways of collecting the rail break alarm information at the power transmission end are adopted: firstly, a steel rail lead wire at a power transmission end passes through a direct current hollow sensor to detect the change of current flowing through the steel rail lead wire; and secondly, the voltage on the current limiting resistor at the power transmission end is changed. Both the two changing conditions can be used as rail break alarm information; the alarm information is transmitted to a computer of a work section dispatching center for analysis and processing after being processed by a monitoring host;
the acquisition of the rail break alarm information of the power receiving end is relatively simple, only the short-circuit line of the steel rail passes through the direct current hollow sensor, the data of the current flowing through the short-circuit line of the steel rail is acquired through the direct current hollow sensor, whether the current exists or not is judged, the rail is not broken due to the current, and the rail is broken due to the current which does not exist; and sending the two information of "exist" and "none" to a work segment dispatching center computer for analysis and processing.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, when a train is sensed to enter a monitoring section and a broken rail monitoring section is pressed, a wheel set short-circuits a steel rail, the current of a power transmission end is increased, and after the current of the power transmission end is increased to a certain value, power transmission equipment stops transmitting power to the steel rail; the train pressure monitoring section cannot monitor the rail breakage state, and the monitoring system stops rail breakage monitoring; firstly, protecting a power supply at a power transmission end from overload; and secondly, the existing electric energy is saved, and the monitoring time is prolonged.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, because the interval line is not provided with an alternating current power supply, a solar battery and a storage battery are adopted for supplying power; because of the battery power supply reason, the current of the transmitting end cannot be continuous all the time, in order to ensure the power supply time and reduce the power consumption, a discontinuous monitoring method is adopted, the set time t2 is monitored every time the set time t1 is set, and the discontinuous monitoring time can be set according to the power supply condition of the power supply, so that the purpose of reducing the power consumption is achieved, and the function of broken rail monitoring can be finished.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the electrified traction section is anti-interference, firstly, because direct current is adopted, electrified 50Hz interference sources and multiple harmonics have small interference with a direct current loop, and a low-frequency choke coil is arranged at a transmitting end to control 50Hz interference power supply equipment; and secondly, the unbalance of the impedance of the two steel rails can cause large rail pressure difference, and the parallel resistance of each kilometer and the short-circuit line of the far end are started from the power transmission end, so that the direct current resistance between the two steel rails is small, and the two steel rails are basically balanced.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, before the direct current rail breakage monitoring equipment is installed, the existing rail impedance and the ballast resistance are tested:
the method for testing the rail impedance and the ballast resistance of the section to be monitored adopts a direct current open circuit method for testing;
the testing method comprises the following steps:
(1) When the power receiving end is open, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ks (V) and Power transmitting end Current I ks (A)；
(2) When the power receiving end is short-circuited, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ds (V) and Power transmitting end Current I ds (A)；
(3) Whether open circuit or short circuit is caused, the voltage and the current of the power transmission end are measured in the positive polarity and the negative polarity, and then the average value is taken to eliminate the influence of the current loss;
the calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the measured U ks ，I ks ，U ds ，I ds And the length l of the steel rail is calculated:
r k ＝R B ×γ
wherein R is ks Is an open circuit resistance, R ds Is short-circuit resistance, R B Is the wave resistance, gamma is the propagation constant, l is the track circuit length, r k Is the resistance of the steel rail, r d Is ballast resistance;
after the rail impedance and ballast resistance of the monitoring section are measured, the short-circuit resistance of each kilometer is correctly configured, the current of the far-end short-circuit line and each parallel resistor is ensured to be about 200 mA-500 mA, and the reliability of monitoring broken rails is improved.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, each set of monitoring equipment adopts a double-set redundancy mode, and is divided into a main mode and a standby mode, one set of equipment is in fault, the standby equipment is automatically put into use, and an audible and visual alarm is sent out to prompt the fault of the field equipment.
According to the monitoring method of the semi-automatic block railway rail broken rail monitoring system, before the direct current rail broken rail monitoring equipment is installed, the existing rail impedance and the ballast resistance are tested:
the method for testing the rail impedance and the ballast resistance of the section to be monitored adopts a direct current open circuit method for testing;
the testing method comprises the following steps:
(1) When the power receiving end is open, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ks (V) and Power transmitting end Current I ks (A)；
(2) When the power receiving end is short-circuited, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ds (V) and Power transmitting end Current I ds (A)；
(3) Whether open circuit or short circuit is caused, the voltage and the current of the power transmission end are measured in the positive polarity and the negative polarity, and then the average value is taken to eliminate the influence of the current loss;
the calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the measured U ks ，I ks ，U ds ，I ds And the length l of the steel rail is calculated:
r k ＝R B ×γ
wherein R is ks Is an open circuit resistance, R ds Is short-circuit resistance, R B Is the wave resistance, gamma is the propagation constant, l is the track circuit length, r k Is the resistance of the steel rail, r d Is ballast resistance;
after the rail impedance and ballast resistance of the monitoring section are measured, the short-circuit resistance of each kilometer is correctly configured, the current of the far-end short-circuit line and each parallel resistor is ensured to be about 200 mA-500 mA, and the reliability of monitoring broken rails is improved.
From the current state of research at home and abroad, rail break detection mainly comprises two modes of electric (rail circuit, traction reflux) and non-electric (optical fiber and ultrasonic), and has advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of the non-electrical mode is that it is not affected by electrical interference, but the disadvantage is also very prominent, and the fiber has little utility due to maintenance problems. The ultrasonic waves encounter the welding lines to generate echo, so that the energy is seriously lost; whether the steel rail is fastened or not, and the signal sizes are different; the rain directs the signal to the ground, the signal is attenuated, and it is difficult to deal with these problems.
The rail is directly used as a signal transmission medium in an electric mode, and the system has a simple structure. Although the interference is large (particularly in the electrification section), economical and practical effects can be achieved by using an appropriate treatment method. Some manufacturers adopt an alternating current low-frequency mode for transmission, but because the rail impedance is large, the rail loss is also increased, and the transmission distance is short. Therefore, by adopting direct current transmission, the rail resistance is 0.2 omega per kilometer, the rail loss is small, the transmission distance is long, and one section of direct current track circuit can be adopted to realize rail breakage inspection. The ZDGJ type rail break monitoring system adopts a section of direct current track circuit mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the semi-automatic blocking railway rail broken rail monitoring system and method provided by the invention can be used for monitoring rail broken rail and ensuring the safety of railway traffic.
The invention adopts direct current to check rail break, the rail impedance is small, the transmission distance is long, only one monitoring section is arranged in each semi-automatic blocking section, and the monitoring equipment is few.
And installing high-power enamel resistors with small resistance values every kilometer, and accurately checking the rail breaking points within one kilometer. And monitoring the current of the far-end steel rail short-circuit line, and accurately judging the rail breakage.
The power supply and the acquisition processing equipment adopt double redundancy, so that the reliability of the equipment is improved. Direct power transmission by using a direct current power supply has the advantages of simple circuit, few electronic elements, simple structure, low manufacturing cost and good lightning protection effect. The high-capacity solar battery and the storage battery are adopted, and electricity is saved in an intermittent monitoring mode. Ensuring the supply of the electric quantity of the equipment.
The system has the following advantages:
1. technical advantages are that: the rail breakage is checked by adopting direct current, the equipment is relatively simple, the electrical loss of the rail transmission is small, the transmission distance is long and can reach 20 km at most, only one monitoring section is arranged between each two stations, only two to three points are arranged between the stations, the equipment investment is less, the manufacturing cost is relatively low, and the total iron schedule can be completely controlled.
2. A detection resistor is arranged every kilometer, and the rail breaking point of the steel rail can be judged through the current change of loop current, so that the accuracy is within 1 kilometer.
3. The change of the state of the steel rail and the state of the broken rail monitoring equipment on site is directly transmitted to a computer (without burying cables) for dispatching a work place and a work section by a GPRS data transmission mode of China movement, and the computer interface displays the state of the steel rail and the state of the monitoring equipment, so that the steel rail and the monitoring equipment generate problems and timely send out audible and visual alarms.
4. Safety advantage: the power supply, the acquisition and control circuit adopts double redundancy, so that the safety and reliability of the monitoring equipment are improved.
5. Construction and installation advantages: main materials of track installation required for section installation broken rail monitoring: the steel rail connecting wire, the steel rail guide wire, the insulating gauge rod and the like are all products produced at present by our company, can be provided to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, has professional construction teams.
6. Maintenance advantage: the scheme is completely independently researched and developed by the scientific and technological staff of the company, and is installed, constructed and maintained by the people, so that the requirements of users can be met to the greatest extent. Once equipment faults occur, the equipment can arrive at the site for maintenance in time, the fault delay is short, and the maintenance cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a rail break monitoring system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the components of the rail break monitoring system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph for testing the impedance of the steel rail and the resistance of the railway ballast in a direct current mode.
Fig. 4 is a power supply circuit diagram of a semi-automatic closed railway rail break monitoring system.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention discloses a semi-automatic blocking railway rail break monitoring system, wherein the monitoring system is provided with at least one monitoring zone, and each monitoring zone is provided with a monitoring device.
Each set of monitoring equipment adopts a double-set redundancy mode, and is divided into a main mode and a standby mode, one set of equipment fails, the standby equipment is automatically put into use, and an audible and visual alarm is sent out to prompt the failure of the field equipment.
The monitoring equipment comprises a direct-current power supply, a monitoring host, an information acquisition module and a GPRS data transmission module; the monitoring host is respectively connected with the direct-current power supply, the information acquisition module and the GPRS data transmission module.
The information acquisition module comprises a plurality of steel rail direct current resistors, a plurality of steel rail short-circuit lines, circuit protection piezoresistors, a 50Hz low-frequency choke coil and an adjusting current-limiting resistor.
Two steel rails in the monitoring interval are divided into a section every kilometer; the two rails are a first rail and a second rail respectively, and each section of the first rail and each corresponding section of the second rail which are equally divided are mutually symmetrical. Of course, the two rails of the monitoring zone may not be equally divided.
And each section of the first steel rail and each section of the second steel rail are respectively provided with a steel rail direct current resistor, and each section of the first steel rail is also connected with the corresponding section of the second steel rail through a short circuit resistor.
The direct current power supply is 24V16A direct current power supply, is directly connected with the steel rail through the regulating current limiting resistor and the 50Hz low-frequency choke coil, and the rail surface is connected with the circuit protection piezoresistor in parallel.
The regulating current-limiting resistor is mainly used for overcurrent protection when a train passes through, the 50Hz low-frequency choke coil plays a role in inhibiting 50Hz traction current from flowing into the direct-current power supply, and the circuit protection piezoresistor is used for preventing high voltage from reversely puncturing the direct-current power supply, so that the effects of protection and lightning protection are achieved.
A steel rail direct current resistor is arranged every kilometer and is used as a shunt resistor; when the broken rail point is in front of the shunt resistor, no current flows through the shunt resistor after the broken rail, and the total current is instantaneously reduced so as to distinguish the broken rail position and accurately position the broken rail within a kilometer range.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment: R1-R8, R1'-R8' are rail direct current resistances, and the resistance values are all 0.2 omega.
R1d—r7d is a short-circuit resistance per kilometer, r1d=10Ω, r2d=8Ω, r3d=6Ω, r4d=4Ω, r5d=2Ω, r6d=1Ω, r7d=0.5Ω.
YM is a circuit protection piezoresistor, 30V6KA. EL is a choke coil for throttling the traction current of the 50Hz electric locomotive. Rt is the tuning resistance 4Ω, the load protection resistance and the terminal current ensuring 8 Km. E is a DC power supply 24V10A. A is an ammeter, and loop current is detected.
The rail short-circuit line is installed at the farthest point of each section of rail, the current flowing through the rail short-circuit line is monitored, no broken rail occurs, the current flows through the rail short-circuit line, and after the broken rail occurs, the rail short-circuit line has no current and is used for monitoring whether the broken rail occurs.
When rail breakage occurs, the alarm condition is reliably monitored through the acquisition, and the specific position of the rail breaking point is separated through the instantaneous change area with reduced current.
The power transmission end rail break alarm information acquisition mode adopts two modes: firstly, a steel rail lead wire at a power transmission end passes through a direct current hollow sensor to detect the change of current flowing through the steel rail lead wire; and secondly, the voltage on the current limiting resistor at the power transmission end is changed. Both the two changing conditions can be used as rail break alarm information; the alarm information is transmitted to a computer of a work section dispatching center for analysis and processing after being processed by a monitoring host.
The acquisition of the rail break alarm information of the power receiving end is relatively simple, only the short-circuit line of the steel rail passes through the direct current hollow sensor, the data of the current flowing through the short-circuit line of the steel rail is acquired through the direct current hollow sensor, whether the current exists or not is judged, the rail is not broken due to the current, and the rail is broken due to the current which does not exist; and sending the two information of "exist" and "none" to a work segment dispatching center computer for analysis and processing.
When a train is sensed to enter a monitoring zone and a broken rail monitoring zone is pressed, the wheel set short-circuits the steel rail, the current of the power transmission end is increased, and after the current of the power transmission end is increased to a certain value, the power transmission end equipment stops transmitting power to the steel rail; the train pressure monitoring section cannot monitor the rail breakage state, and the monitoring system stops rail breakage monitoring; firstly, protecting a power supply at a power transmission end from overload; and secondly, the existing electric energy is saved, and the monitoring time is prolonged.
Because the interval line has no alternating current power supply, the current of the transmitting end cannot be continuous all the time due to the battery power supply by adopting a solar battery and a storage battery, the power consumption is reduced by adopting a discontinuous monitoring method for monitoring 1 minute every 10 minutes, and the discontinuous monitoring time can be set according to the power supply condition of the power supply, so that the purpose of reducing the power consumption is achieved, and the function of broken rail monitoring can be finished.
The electrified traction section is anti-interference, firstly, a direct current is adopted, an electrified 50Hz interference source and multiple harmonics have small interference with a direct current loop, and a low-frequency choke coil is arranged at a transmitting end to choke 50Hz interference power supply equipment; and secondly, the unbalance of the impedance of the two steel rails can cause large rail pressure difference, and the parallel resistance of each kilometer and the short-circuit line of the far end are started from the power transmission end, so that the direct current resistance between the two steel rails is small, and the two steel rails are basically balanced.
Before installing the direct current rail broken rail monitoring equipment, testing the existing rail impedance and the ballast resistance:
1. the method for testing the rail impedance and the ballast resistance of the section to be monitored adopts a direct current open circuit method for testing;
2. the testing method comprises the following steps:
(1) When the power receiving end is open, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ks (V) and Power transmitting end Current I ks (A)；
(2) At the receiving endWhen the electric terminal is short-circuited, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmission terminal ds (V) and Power transmitting end Current I ds (A)；
(3) Whether open circuit or short circuit is caused, the voltage and the current of the power transmission end are measured in the positive polarity and the negative polarity, and then the average value is taken to eliminate the influence of the current loss;
3. the calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the measured U ks ，I ks ，U ds ，I ds And the length l of the steel rail is calculated:
r k ＝R B ×γ
wherein R is ks Is an open circuit resistance, R ds Is short-circuit resistance, R B Is the wave resistance, gamma is the propagation constant, l is the track circuit length, r k Is the resistance of the steel rail, r d Is ballast resistance;
after the rail impedance and ballast resistance of the monitoring section are measured, the short-circuit resistance of each kilometer is correctly configured, the current of the far-end short-circuit line and each parallel resistor is ensured to be about 200 mA-500 mA, and the reliability of monitoring broken rails is improved.
Referring to fig. 4, the solar-powered constant-current and constant-voltage circuit includes a solar charging circuit and a constant-voltage and constant-current control circuit. The solar charging circuit comprises a solar cell voltage and current detection circuit and a charging conversion circuit.
The solar cell voltage and current detection circuit comprises a solar cell panel, a first fuse F1, a fourth chip U4, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fourteenth resistor R14, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4 and an eighteenth capacitor C18, wherein the first fuse F1 plays a role in safety protection to prevent other circuit damages caused by abnormal power supply of the solar cell panel, the fourth chip U4 is a current detection chip and is a precision current sensing amplifier, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 form a voltage division circuit, and voltage information of the solar cell can be calculated according to the measured voltage division value; the first fuse F1 is connected to the positive electrode of the solar cell panel, the negative electrode of the solar cell panel is grounded, the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the other end of the first fuse F1 and the drain electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit, the third capacitor C3 is connected to the two ends of the third resistor R3 in parallel, the first pin of the fourth chip U4 is connected to the drain electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the eighteenth capacitor C18 is connected between the first pin and the eighth pin of the fourth chip U4, the second pin of the first chip U4 is connected to a power supply +5V, the second capacitor C2 is connected between the second pin and the fourth pin of the fourth chip U4, the fourth pin of the fourth chip U4 is grounded, and the fifth pin of the fourth chip U4 is connected to the processor AD pin to calculate the current; the charging conversion circuit converts the voltage output by the solar panel into stable charging voltage required by battery charging, and the voltage generated by the change of the solar battery along with the change of sunlight is not beneficial to the utilization of charging, so that the voltage of the solar panel is raised to the voltage required by the charging of the power storage battery by the boost circuit for improving the solar energy utilization rate and the charging efficiency; the charge conversion circuit comprises a first capacitor C1, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, a first resistor R1, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a fourth field effect transistor Q4, a fifth field effect transistor Q5, a first inductor L1, a second fuse F2, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, a seventh diode D7, an eighth diode D8, a first power storage battery BT1, and a first integrated circuit HR2104; the fourth field effect transistor Q4 and the fifth field effect transistor Q5 are N-type MOS transistors, and as the switching speed is high, the switching function in the BOOST circuit is realized, and the first integrated circuit HR2104 is a MOS transistor switch driving chip; the first capacitor C1 and the first resistor R1 are connected in series between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the gate electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the cathode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the seventh pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104, the fifth resistor R5 is connected in parallel to the two ends of the sixth diode D6, the source electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4 is connected to the drain electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5, the drain electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5 is grounded, the anode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to the gate electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5, the cathode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to the fifth pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104, the sixth resistor is connected to the two ends of the seventh diode D7 in parallel, the fifth capacitor is connected in parallel between the sixth pin and the eighth pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104, the first pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104 is connected to the power supply 12V, the anode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D12V, the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the anode of the eighth pin of the eighth integrated circuit BT1, the anode of the fifth diode D7 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D1 is connected to the anode of the eighth pin of the eighth integrated circuit, the eighth resistor L2 is connected to the anode of the eighth resistor L1 is connected to the anode of the eighth resistor L2, and the anode of the eighth resistor is connected to the eighth resistor L2 is connected to the anode of the eighth resistor L1; the charging conversion circuit can be controlled to work by controlling the first integrated circuit HR2104, the voltage output by the solar battery is converted to the charging voltage of the rechargeable battery BT1, and the second fuse F2 plays a role in protecting the electric storage battery and prevents the electric storage battery or other elements from being damaged due to circuit abnormality.
The constant voltage and constant current control circuit comprises an output control circuit of the power storage battery, a positive and negative 5V voltage conversion module, a DA conversion circuit, an AD conversion circuit, a current constant control circuit and a voltage constant control circuit.
The power storage battery output control circuit comprises a first chip U1, a second chip U2, a fifteenth resistor R15, a sixteenth resistor R16, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first silicon controlled transistor Q1, a second silicon controlled transistor Q2, a tenth capacitor C10, a twenty-third capacitor C23 and a twenty-fourth capacitor C24, wherein the first chip U1 and the second chip U2 are photoelectric isolation coupling chips for protecting the control circuit, the control circuit and the controlled circuit are isolated and protected through photoelectric coupling, the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are Schottky diodes, and the first silicon controlled transistor Q1 and the second silicon controlled transistor Q2 are thyristors (silicon controlled transistors); the positive electrode of the first diode D1 is grounded, the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to the collector electrode of the receiving triode of the first chip U1, the emitter electrode of the receiving triode of the first chip U1 is connected to the control electrode of the first silicon controlled rectifier Q1, the positive electrode of the first silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the first diode D1, the negative electrode of the first silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the second diode D2 and is simultaneously connected with the positive electrode of the second silicon controlled rectifier Q2, the negative electrode of the second diode D2 is connected to the collector electrode of the receiving triode of the second chip U2, the emitter electrode of the receiving triode of the second chip U2 is connected to the control electrode of the second silicon controlled rectifier Q2, the fourth pin of the fifteenth resistor R15 is connected to the positive electrode of the emitting diode of the first chip U1, the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected to the positive electrode of the emitting diode of the third interface J3, the fourth pin of the emitting diode of the second chip U2 is connected to the positive electrode of the emitting diode of the second chip U2, the negative electrode of the receiving diode D2 is connected to the negative electrode of the emitting diode of the second chip C2, the second resistor C2 is connected to the negative electrode of the second interface J2, and the twenty-high voltage constant voltage output capacitor C is connected between the second output capacitor C2 and the second capacitor C2 is connected to the second capacitor, and the twenty-high voltage output capacitor C is connected to the second capacitor C2 is connected to the second capacitor of the second capacitor; the positive and negative 5V voltage conversion module mainly provides positive and negative 5V working voltages for the work of each chip in the circuit, and comprises a second integrated chip IC2, a fourth integrated chip IC4, a second inductor L2, a ninth capacitor C9, a nineteenth capacitor C19, a twentieth capacitor C20, a twenty-first capacitor C21, a twenty-second capacitor C22 and a twenty-seventh capacitor C27; the second integrated chip IC2 is a fixed voltage (5V) three-terminal integrated voltage stabilizer, the input voltage can reach 30-35V, the output current can reach 100mA, an external element is not needed, the internal thermal overload protection and the internal short-circuit current limitation are realized, the circuit design is convenient, the IC4 is a charge pump reverse polarity switch integrated voltage stabilizer, the voltage of positive input can be converted into negative output voltage, the negative input voltage can be converted into positive output voltage, and the design converts the positive 5V voltage into-5V voltage; the nineteenth capacitor C19 is connected between the second pin and the fourth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the twenty first capacitor C21 is connected between the third pin and the fifth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the third pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4 is grounded, the second inductor L2 is connected between the fifth pin and the output-5V of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the twenty capacitor C20 is connected between the eighth pin and the ground of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the eighth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4 is connected to the fourth pin of the second integrated chip IC2, the twenty second capacitor C22 is connected between the third pin and the ground of the second integrated chip IC2, the third pin of the second integrated chip IC2 is connected to the voltage division power supply of the eighth resistor R8 and the seventh resistor R7, the ninth capacitor C9 and the twenty fifth capacitor C25 are connected in parallel between the fourth pin and the ground of the second integrated chip IC2, the first pin of the second integrated chip IC2 is grounded, and the fourth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC2 is output +5V of the second integrated chip IC 2.
The DA conversion circuit comprises a third integrated chip IC3, a fifth integrated chip IC5, a twelfth capacitor C12, a fifteenth capacitor C15 and an eighteenth capacitor C18, wherein the third integrated chip IC3 is a 12-bit two-way DAC, serial input, programmable stabilization time and the like, and the fifth integrated chip IC5 is a reference voltage stabilizing chip and provides a reference voltage stabilizing source for the operation of the third integrated chip IC 3; the twelfth capacitor C12 is connected between the sixth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 and ground, the first pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the first pin of the third interface P3, the second pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the second pin of the third interface P3, the third pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the third pin of the third interface P3, the fourth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 outputs a digital-to-analog output signal, the fifth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is grounded, the sixth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the sixth pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5, the seventh pin of the third integrated chip IC3 outputs a digital-to-analog output signal, the eighth pin of the output digital-to-analog output signal is connected to the power +5v, the fifteenth capacitor C15 is connected between the eighth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 and ground, the second pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5 is connected to the power +5v, the fourth pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5 is grounded, and the sixth pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5 provides a stable operating reference voltage for the fifth integrated chip IC 3.
The AD conversion circuit comprises a sixteenth capacitor C16, a seventeenth capacitor C17, a sixth integrated chip IC6, a seventh integrated chip IC7, a nineteenth resistor R19, a twentieth resistor R20 and a twenty first resistor R21; the sixth integrated chip IC6 is a reference voltage stabilizing chip, the seventh integrated chip IC7 is an AD chip, namely an analog-to-digital conversion chip, and the analog signals are converted into digital signals, so that the digital signals are convenient to process with a processor; the sixteenth capacitor C16 is connected between the eighth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, the seventeenth capacitor C17 is connected between the first pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, the first pin, the seventh pin, and the ninth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 are all connected, the sixth pin, the tenth pin, and the eleventh pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 are grounded, the twelfth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the fifth pin of the third interface P3, the thirteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the sixth pin of the third interface P3, the fourteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the seventh pin of the third interface P3, the fifteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the eighth pin of the third interface P3, the sixteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the ninth pin of the third interface P3, the nineteenth resistor R19 is connected between the fifth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, the twentieth resistor R10 is connected between the fourth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, the twenty first resistor R21 is connected between the third pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, the second pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the fifth pin of the third chip U3, the fourth pin of the sixth integrated chip IC6 is grounded, the second pin of the sixth integrated chip IC6 is connected to the power supply +5v, and the sixth pin of the sixth integrated chip IC6 outputs a reference voltage for the seventh integrated chip IC7 to operate.
The current constant control circuit comprises a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a first integrated chip IC1, an eighth capacitor C8, a fourteenth capacitor C14, a third chip U3, a fourth diode D4 and a third field effect transistor Q3, wherein the ninth resistor R9 is a sampling circuit, a high-precision resistor with small resistance value and high power is adopted, the first integrated chip IC1 is a differential amplifier, the amplification factor of the differential amplifier can be changed by adjusting the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11, the third chip U3 is a high-speed operational amplifier, and the circuit is used as a high-speed comparator; the ninth resistor R9 is connected between the second pin and the third pin of the first integrated chip IC1, the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11 are connected between the first pin and the eighth pin of the first integrated chip IC1 in parallel, the eighth capacitor C8 is connected between the seventh pin and the ground of the first integrated chip IC1, the fourth pin of the first integrated chip IC1 is connected with a power supply-5V, the fourteenth capacitor C14 is connected between the fourth pin and the ground of the first integrated chip IC1, the sixth pin of the first integrated chip IC1 is connected to the second pin of the third chip U3, the eighteenth resistor R18 is connected between the fourth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 and the third pin of the third chip U3, the eighth pin of the third chip U3 is connected with a power supply-5V, the fourth pin is connected with a power supply +5V, the first pin of the third chip U3 is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode D4, the anode of the fourth diode D4 is connected with the gate of the third field effect transistor Q3, and the gate of the third chip Q3 is connected with the source of the third chip IC 1; the voltage at two ends of the ninth resistor R9 is detected, the analog signals output by the first integrated chip IC1 and the third integrated chip IC3 are processed through high-speed comparison, when the current becomes smaller, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is increased, the power supply output is performed, the current is increased, when the current becomes larger, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is reduced, the power supply output time is shortened, the current is lower, and the current of the system can be in a constant state through high-speed adjustment.
The voltage constant control circuit comprises a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13, a twenty-second resistor R22, a twenty-sixth resistor R26, a second interface J2, a third chip U3, a third diode D3 and a seventeenth resistor R17; the twelfth resistor R12, the thirteenth resistor R13 and the twenty-second resistor form a voltage dividing circuit, the voltage dividing information of the output voltage can be obtained, and the second interface J2 is an output interface of the constant voltage and constant current power supply; the twelfth resistor R12 and the thirteenth resistor R13 are connected in series between the second pin of the first integrated chip IC1 and the fifth pin of the third chip U3, the twenty-second resistor R22 is connected between the fifth pin of the third chip U3 and ground, the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected between the analog signal output by the third integrated circuit IC3 and the sixth pin of the third chip U3, the seventh pin of the third chip U3 is connected to the negative electrode of the third diode D3, and the positive electrode of the third diode D3 is connected to the positive electrode of the third field effect transistor Q3; the voltage on the twenty-second resistor and the analog signal output by the third integrated chip IC3 are detected and are subjected to high-speed comparison, when the voltage is reduced, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is increased, the power supply is output, the voltage is increased, when the voltage is increased, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is reduced, the power supply output time is shortened, the voltage is reduced, and the voltage of the system can be in a constant state through high-speed adjustment.
Example two
The broken rail monitoring system is a system which is suitable for non-electrified semi-automatic blocking intervals and can monitor the integrity of rail connection in the measured intervals in real time. The method can actually detect and analyze abnormal data of the connection integrity of the track and give an alarm in time.
And (3) monitoring discontinuous rails in the semi-automatic blocking section area, taking the steel rails as leads, ensuring that each steel rail passes through a certain current inspection mode, cutting off loop current when the steel rails are broken, and sending alarm information.
The semi-automatic blocking section is generally about 8Km, a monitoring section is arranged, 1 power transmission end is arranged at the position, which is 1200-1400 m away from the arrival signal machine and is close to the outer side of an insulating joint of the track circuit, a short-circuit line is arranged at the position, which is 1200-1400 m away from the arrival signal machine and is close to the outer side of the insulating joint of the track circuit, of an adjacent station, current flowing through the short-circuit line is monitored, current checking is carried out on each steel rail, and when the steel rail is broken, no current flows through the short-circuit line at the far end of the power transmission end, so that the information of the broken steel rail can be sent. And by using the resistors with high power and small resistance value which are arranged at intervals of one kilometer and are connected in parallel with the steel rail, the current flowing through each resistor is about 100-200 mA, and the current transient trend of the transmitting end is reduced, so that the purpose of distinguishing the kilometer where the broken rail is realized. See in particular fig. 1.
When the monitoring section breaks the steel rail, the current of the transmitting end is obviously smaller than that of the steel rail when the steel rail is intact, and the most-far steel rail short-circuit line has no current. The system is used for collecting the change condition for monitoring. The change condition of the current is remotely communicated with a computer of a dispatching center of the working section through a GPRS module by a sending point and a receiving point, and the rail breakage condition of each section on site is collected in real time on the dispatching computer center of the working section.
[ monitoring information acquisition ]
In practical detection applications, the rail is greatly affected by characteristics of the ballast bed and environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, etc.), so that in practical detection, the environmental factors must be considered. The method constructs a data model of the track resistance by a large amount of field monitoring data, builds an analysis system by using a background server, avoids abnormal misjudgment caused by simple circuit judgment, can automatically adjust working parameters, and ensures long-term stable operation of equipment.
The monitoring signal adopts a direct current power supply of direct current 24V16A, is directly connected with a steel rail through a current limiting resistor and a 50Hz low-frequency choke coil, and the rail surface is connected with a piezoresistor in parallel. The current limiting resistor is mainly used for overcurrent protection when a train passes through, the low-frequency choke coil plays a role in inhibiting 50Hz traction current from flowing into the direct-current power supply, and the piezoresistor prevents high voltage from reversely puncturing the direct-current power supply, so that the effects of protection and lightning protection are achieved. When the broken rail point is in front of the shunt resistor, no current flows through the shunt resistor after the broken rail, and the total current is instantaneously reduced to distinguish the broken rail position, so that the broken rail position can be accurately positioned within a kilometer range. The rail short-circuit line is installed at the farthest point, current flowing through the short-circuit line is monitored, no broken rail occurs, current flows through the short-circuit line, and after the broken rail occurs, the short-circuit line is free of current and is used for monitoring whether the broken rail occurs.
The monitoring and judging method is as follows:
device status Current at power transmitting end Current at power receiving end Description of the invention
Normal rail Unchanged Unchanged Alarm is not given
Rail break 1Km Instantaneous reduction of more No current Alarm by kilometers
Rail break 2Km The instantaneous reduction is slightly smaller No current Alarm by kilometers
Rail break 3Km The instantaneous reduction is slightly smaller No current Alarm by kilometers
Rail break 4Km The instantaneous reduction is slightly smaller No current Alarm by kilometers
Rail break 5Km The instantaneous reduction is slightly smaller No current Alarm by kilometers
6Km of broken rail The instantaneous reduction is slightly smaller No current Alarm by kilometers
Rail break 7Km The instantaneous reduction is slightly smaller No current Alarm by kilometers
8Km of broken rail The instantaneous reduction is slightly smaller No current Alarm by kilometers
Broken plug pin and poor contact of fishplate Instant drop down No current Alarm by kilometers
Short circuit and train occupation Enlarging and enlarging No current Alarm is not given
Ballast bed resistance becomes large (sunny day) Reduction of Enlarging and enlarging Alarm is not given
Track bed resistance becomes small (rain) Enlarging and enlarging Reduction of Alarm is not given
Parallel electric block Reduction of Enlarging and enlarging Alarm is not given
TABLE 1
It can be seen from table 1 that when rail break occurs, the alarm condition can be reliably monitored through the acquisition, and the specific position of the breaking rail point is obtained through the instantaneous change area with reduced current. The ideal profile of the monitored current (without regard to ballast resistance) is shown in fig. 1.
Due to the complexity of the environment of the steel rail and the ballast bed, the resistance of each kilometer ballast bed is not less than 1.2 omega under the worst environment and condition of the interval ballast bed according to the regulations of TB1445-82 track circuit parameters. Under the environment and the condition, the ballast bed resistance is small, meanwhile, the consumption of a power supply can be increased, the current flowing through the tail end is small, certain current is ensured, when the ballast resistance is small, the current is split greatly, and the current of a far-end short-circuit line is ensured, so that the rail breaking state can be reliably monitored. Meanwhile, the working load characteristics of all parts of the equipment are considered, the direct current power supply adopts a high-capacity design, and the reliability of output current monitoring is further ensured.
The power transmission end rail break alarm information acquisition mode can adopt two modes: firstly, a steel rail lead wire at a power transmission end passes through a direct current hollow sensor to detect the change of current flowing through the steel rail lead wire; and secondly, the voltage on the current limiting resistor at the power transmission end is changed. Both of these changes can be used as rail break alarm information. The alarm information is transmitted to a computer of a work section dispatching center for analysis and processing after being processed by a control host.
The collection of the rail break alarm information at the power receiving end is relatively simple, only the short-circuit line of the steel rail passes through the direct current hollow sensor, the data of the current flowing through the short-circuit line of the steel rail is collected through the direct current hollow sensor, whether the current exists or not is judged, the rail is not broken due to the current, and the rail is broken due to the current. And sending the two information of "exist" and "none" to a work segment dispatching center computer for analysis and processing.
When the train enters the section and presses the broken rail monitoring section, the wheel set short-circuits the steel rail, the current of the power transmission end is increased, and after the current of the power transmission end is increased to a certain value, the power transmission end equipment stops transmitting power to the steel rail. The train pressure monitoring section cannot monitor the broken rail state, and the monitoring system stops rail broken rail monitoring. Firstly, protecting a power supply at a power transmission end from overload; and secondly, the existing electric energy is saved, and the monitoring time is prolonged.
Because the interval line has no alternating current power supply, the current of the transmitting end cannot be continuous all the time due to the battery power supply by adopting a solar battery and a storage battery, the power consumption is reduced by adopting a discontinuous monitoring method for monitoring 1 minute every 10 minutes, and the discontinuous monitoring time can be set according to the power supply condition of the power supply, so that the purpose of reducing the power consumption is achieved, and the function of broken rail monitoring can be finished.
The electrified traction section is anti-interference, firstly, a direct current is adopted, an electrified 50Hz interference source and multiple harmonics have small interference with a direct current loop, and a low-frequency choke coil is arranged at a transmitting end to control 50Hz interference power equipment. Secondly, the unbalance of the impedance of the two steel rails can cause large rail pressure difference, and the scheme starts from a power transmission end, and the parallel resistor of each kilometer and the short circuit line at the far end have small direct current resistance between the two steel rails, so that the two steel rails are basically balanced.
Before installing the direct current rail break monitoring equipment, the existing rail impedance and the ballast resistance are tested.
1. The method for testing the rail impedance and the ballast resistance of the section to be monitored adopts a direct current open circuit and short circuit method test, and the test chart is shown in figure 3.
2. The testing method comprises the following steps:
(1) When the power receiving end is open, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ks (V) and Power transmitting terminal I ks (A)；
(2) When the power receiving end is short-circuited, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ds (V) and Power transmitting terminal I ds (A)；
(3) The voltage and current of the power transmission end are measured in the positive and negative polarities no matter open circuit or short circuit, and then the average value is taken to eliminate the influence of the current leakage.
3. The calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the measured U ks ，I ks ，U ds ，I ds And the length l of the steel rail is calculated:
r k ＝R B ×γ
wherein R is ks Is an open circuit resistance, R ds Is short-circuit resistance, R B Is the wave resistance, gamma is the propagation constant, l is the track circuit length, r k Is the resistance of the steel rail, r d Is the ballast resistance.
After the rail impedance and the ballast resistance of the monitoring section are measured, the short-circuit resistance of each kilometer is correctly configured, the current of the remote short-circuit line and each parallel resistor is ensured to be about 200 mA-500 mA, and the reliability of monitoring broken rails is improved.
[ Signal Transmission network design ]
Aiming at different application environments, the system adopts a GPRS data transmission scheme, can transmit data to a background network server in real time through a GPRS network, and after the data are processed through the server, the monitoring condition and the rail breakage position are displayed in a work information system, an audible and visual alarm is sent out, and a monitoring person is reminded to timely inform related personnel to take measures, as shown in fig. 2.
And (3) setting two-point equipment in each monitoring interval, and installing a direct-current power supply, a monitoring host, an information acquisition and GPRS data transmission module. Each equipment adopts a double-set redundancy mode, and is divided into a main mode and a standby mode, one set of equipment fails, the standby equipment is automatically put into use, an audible and visual alarm is sent out, the field equipment is prompted to fail, and the reliability of the equipment is improved.
The power output of the power transmission end is required to be larger, and the power transmission end is responsible for rail current inspection and ballast resistor leakage current in the whole interval. The power transmission end rail break alarm information acquisition mode can adopt two modes: the current change and the voltage change can be used as rail break alarm information. Meanwhile, the monitoring equipment also monitors the states of the equipment such as current (voltage) of a power transmission end, power supply voltage of a storage battery, solar battery state, overcurrent and the like, and sends the states to a working section computer through a GPRS module for analysis, processing and alarming.
The power output of the power receiving end is small, the power receiving end is not in charge of the inspection of the steel rail current, only in charge of the power supply of monitoring equipment, the data of the steel rail short-circuit line current flowing through the direct current hollow sensor, the power supply voltage of the storage battery and the solar battery state are collected, and the data and the power supply voltage and the solar battery state are transmitted to the dispatching center of the working section through GPRS for processing and alarming.
In summary, the semi-automatic blocking railway rail broken rail monitoring system and method provided by the invention can be used for monitoring rail broken rail and ensuring the safety of railway traffic.
The invention adopts direct current to check rail break, the rail impedance is small, the transmission distance is long, only one monitoring section is arranged in each semi-automatic blocking section, and the monitoring equipment is few.
And installing high-power enamel resistors with small resistance values every kilometer, and accurately checking the rail breaking points within one kilometer. And monitoring the current of the far-end steel rail short-circuit line, and accurately judging the rail breakage.
The power supply and the acquisition processing equipment adopt double redundancy, so that the reliability of the equipment is improved. Direct power transmission by using a direct current power supply has the advantages of simple circuit, few electronic elements, simple structure, low manufacturing cost and good lightning protection effect. The high-capacity solar battery and the storage battery are adopted, and electricity is saved in an intermittent monitoring mode. Ensuring the supply of the electric quantity of the equipment.
The system has the following advantages:
1. technical advantages are that: the scheme is completely independently developed by the company (the application of practical national patent is prepared). The rail breakage is checked by adopting direct current, the equipment is relatively simple, the electrical loss of the rail transmission is small, the transmission distance is long and can reach 20 km at most, only one monitoring section is arranged between each two stations, only two to three points are arranged between the stations, the equipment investment is less, the manufacturing cost is relatively low, and the total iron schedule can be completely controlled.
2. A detection resistor is arranged every kilometer, and the rail breaking point of the steel rail can be judged through the current change of loop current, so that the accuracy is within 1 kilometer.
3. The change of the state of the steel rail and the state of the broken rail monitoring equipment on site is directly transmitted to a computer (without burying cables) for dispatching a work place and a work section by a GPRS data transmission mode of China movement, and the computer interface displays the state of the steel rail and the state of the monitoring equipment, so that the steel rail and the monitoring equipment generate problems and timely send out audible and visual alarms.
4. Safety advantage: the power supply, the acquisition and control circuit adopts double redundancy, so that the safety and reliability of the monitoring equipment are improved.
5. Construction and installation advantages: main materials of track installation required for section installation broken rail monitoring: the steel rail connecting wire, the steel rail guide wire, the insulating gauge rod and the like are all products produced at present by our company, can be provided to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, has professional construction teams.
6. Maintenance advantage: the scheme is completely independently researched and developed by the scientific and technological staff of the company, and is installed, constructed and maintained by the people, so that the requirements of users can be met to the greatest extent. Once equipment faults occur, the equipment can arrive at the site for maintenance in time, the fault delay is short, and the maintenance cost is low.
The description and applications of the present invention herein are illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the embodiments described above. Variations and modifications of the embodiments disclosed herein are possible, and alternatives and equivalents of the various components of the embodiments are known to those of ordinary skill in the art. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other forms, structures, arrangements, proportions, and with other assemblies, materials, and components, without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Other variations and modifications of the embodiments disclosed herein may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The semi-automatic blocking railway rail breakage monitoring system is characterized in that the monitoring system is provided with at least one monitoring interval, and each monitoring interval is provided with monitoring equipment;
each set of monitoring equipment adopts a double-set redundancy mode, and is divided into a main mode and a standby mode, one set of equipment fails, the standby equipment is automatically put into use, and an audible and visual alarm is sent out to prompt the failure of the field equipment;
the monitoring equipment comprises a direct-current power supply, a monitoring host, an information acquisition module and a GPRS data transmission module; the monitoring host is respectively connected with the direct-current power supply, the information acquisition module and the GPRS data transmission module;
The information acquisition module comprises a plurality of steel rail direct current resistors, a plurality of steel rail short-circuit lines, a circuit protection piezoresistor, a 50Hz low-frequency choke coil and an adjusting current-limiting resistor;
two steel rails in the monitoring interval are divided into a section every kilometer; the two rails are a first rail and a second rail respectively, and each section of the first rail and each corresponding section of the second rail which are equally divided are mutually symmetrical;
each section of the first steel rail and each section of the second steel rail are respectively provided with a steel rail direct current resistor, and each section of the first steel rail is also connected with the corresponding section of the second steel rail through a short circuit resistor;
the direct current power supply is 24V16A direct current power supply, is directly connected with the steel rail through the regulating current limiting resistor and the 50Hz low-frequency choke coil, and the rail surface is connected with the circuit protection piezoresistor in parallel;
the regulating current-limiting resistor is mainly used for overcurrent protection when a train passes through, the 50Hz low-frequency choke coil plays a role in inhibiting 50Hz traction current from flowing into the direct-current power supply, and the circuit protection piezoresistor is used for preventing high voltage from reversely puncturing the direct-current power supply, so that the effects of protection and lightning protection are achieved;
a steel rail direct current resistor is arranged every kilometer and is used as a shunt resistor; when the rail breaking point is in front of the shunt resistor, no current flows through the shunt resistor after rail breaking, and the total current is instantaneously reduced so as to distinguish the rail breaking position and accurately locate within a kilometer range;
The method comprises the steps that a rail short-circuit line is installed at the farthest point of each section of rail, current flowing through the rail short-circuit line is monitored, no rail break occurs, current flows through the rail short-circuit line, and after the rail break occurs, the rail short-circuit line has no current and is used for monitoring whether the rail break occurs;
when rail breakage occurs, the acquisition is used for obtaining a reliable monitoring alarm condition, and the specific position of a rail breaking point is broken through an instantaneous change area with reduced current;
the power transmission end rail break alarm information acquisition mode adopts two modes: firstly, a steel rail lead wire at a power transmission end passes through a direct current hollow sensor to detect the change of current flowing through the steel rail lead wire; secondly, the voltage on the current limiting resistor at the power transmission end is changed; both the two changing conditions can be used as rail break alarm information; the alarm information is transmitted to a computer of a work section dispatching center for analysis and processing after being processed by a monitoring host;
the acquisition of the rail break alarm information of the power receiving end is relatively simple, only the short-circuit line of the steel rail passes through the direct current hollow sensor, the data of the current flowing through the short-circuit line of the steel rail is acquired through the direct current hollow sensor, whether the current exists or not is judged, the rail is not broken due to the current, and the rail is broken due to the current which does not exist; the two information of 'have' and 'do not' are sent to a work section dispatching center computer for analysis and processing;
When a train is sensed to enter a monitoring zone and a broken rail monitoring zone is pressed, the wheel set short-circuits the steel rail, the current of the power transmission end is increased, and after the current of the power transmission end is increased to a certain value, the power transmission end equipment stops transmitting power to the steel rail; the train pressure monitoring section cannot monitor the rail breakage state, and the monitoring system stops rail breakage monitoring; firstly, protecting a power supply at a power transmission end from overload; secondly, existing electric energy is saved, and monitoring time is prolonged;
because the interval line is not provided with an alternating current power supply, a solar battery and a storage battery are adopted for supplying power; because of the power supply reason of the battery, the current of the transmitting end cannot be continuous all the time, in order to ensure the power supply time of the power supply and reduce the power consumption, a discontinuous monitoring method is adopted, 1 minute is monitored every 10 minutes, and the discontinuous monitoring time can be set according to the power supply condition of the power supply, so that the purposes of reducing the power consumption and completing the track breakage monitoring are achieved;
the electrified traction section is anti-interference, firstly, a direct current is adopted, an electrified 50Hz interference source and multiple harmonics have small interference with a direct current loop, and a low-frequency choke coil is arranged at a transmitting end to choke 50Hz interference power supply equipment; secondly, the unbalance of the impedance of the two steel rails can cause large rail pressure difference, and from a power transmission end, the parallel resistance of each kilometer and the short-circuit line of the far end are small, so that the two steel rails are basically balanced;
Before installing the direct current rail broken rail monitoring equipment, testing the existing rail impedance and the ballast resistance:
1. the method for testing the rail impedance and the ballast resistance of the section to be monitored adopts a direct current open circuit method for testing;
2. the testing method comprises the following steps:
(1) When the power receiving end is open, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ks And a power transmission end current I ks ；
(2) When the power receiving end is short-circuited, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ds And power transmitting endCurrent I ds ；
(3) Whether open circuit or short circuit is caused, the voltage and the current of the power transmission end are measured in the positive polarity and the negative polarity, and then the average value is taken to eliminate the influence of the current loss;
3. the calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the measured U ks ，I ks ，U ds ，I ds And the length l of the steel rail is calculated:
r k ＝R B ×γ
wherein R is ks Is an open circuit resistance, R ds Is short-circuit resistance, R B Is the wave resistance, gamma is the propagation constant, l is the track circuit length, r k Is the resistance of the steel rail, r d Is ballast resistance;
after the rail impedance and ballast resistance of the monitoring section are measured, the short-circuit resistance of each kilometer is correctly configured, so that the current of a far-end short-circuit line and each parallel resistor is ensured to be 200 mA-500 mA, and the reliability of monitoring broken rails is improved;
the direct-current power supply adopts a solar power supply constant-current constant-voltage circuit, and the solar power supply constant-current constant-voltage circuit comprises a solar charging circuit and a constant-voltage constant-current control circuit; the solar charging circuit comprises a solar battery voltage and current detection circuit and a charging conversion circuit;
The solar cell voltage and current detection circuit comprises a solar cell panel, a first fuse F1, a fourth chip U4, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fourteenth resistor R14, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4 and an eighteenth capacitor C18, wherein the first fuse F1 plays a role in safety protection to prevent other circuit damages caused by abnormal power supply of the solar cell panel, the fourth chip U4 is a current detection chip and is a precision current sensing amplifier, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 form a voltage division circuit, and voltage information of the solar cell can be calculated according to the measured voltage division value; the first fuse F1 is connected to the positive electrode of the solar cell panel, the negative electrode of the solar cell panel is grounded, the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the other end of the first fuse F1 and the drain electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit, the third capacitor C3 is connected to the two ends of the third resistor R3 in parallel, the first pin of the fourth chip U4 is connected to the drain electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the eighteenth capacitor C18 is connected between the first pin and the eighth pin of the fourth chip U4, the second pin of the first chip U4 is connected to a power supply +5V, the second capacitor C2 is connected between the second pin and the fourth pin of the fourth chip U4, the fourth pin of the fourth chip U4 is grounded, and the fifth pin of the fourth chip U4 is connected to the processor AD pin to calculate the current; the charging conversion circuit converts the voltage output by the solar panel into stable charging voltage required by battery charging, and the voltage generated by the change of the solar battery along with the change of sunlight is not beneficial to the utilization of charging, so that the voltage of the solar panel is raised to the voltage required by the charging of the power storage battery by the boost circuit for improving the solar energy utilization rate and the charging efficiency;
The charge conversion circuit comprises a first capacitor C1, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, a first resistor R1, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a fourth field effect transistor Q4, a fifth field effect transistor Q5, a first inductor L1, a second fuse F2, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, a seventh diode D7, an eighth diode D8, a first power storage battery BT1, and a first integrated circuit HR2104; the fourth field effect transistor Q4 and the fifth field effect transistor Q5 are N-type MOS transistors, and as the switching speed is high, the switching function in the BOOST circuit is realized, and the first integrated circuit HR2104 is a MOS transistor switch driving chip; the first capacitor C1 and the first resistor R1 are connected in series between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the gate electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the cathode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the seventh pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104, the fifth resistor R5 is connected in parallel to the two ends of the sixth diode D6, the source electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4 is connected to the drain electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5, the drain electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5 is grounded, the anode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to the gate electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5, the cathode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to the fifth pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104, the sixth resistor is connected to the two ends of the seventh diode D7 in parallel, the fifth capacitor is connected in parallel between the sixth pin and the eighth pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104, the first pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104 is connected to the power supply 12V, the anode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D12V, the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the anode of the eighth pin of the eighth integrated circuit BT1, the anode of the fifth diode D7 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D1 is connected to the anode of the eighth pin of the eighth integrated circuit, the eighth resistor L2 is connected to the anode of the eighth resistor L1 is connected to the anode of the eighth resistor L2, and the anode of the eighth resistor is connected to the eighth resistor L2 is connected to the anode of the eighth resistor L1; the charging conversion circuit can be controlled to work by controlling the first integrated circuit HR2104, the voltage output by the solar battery is converted to the charging voltage of the rechargeable battery BT1, and the second fuse F2 plays a role in protecting the electric storage battery to prevent the electric storage battery or other elements from being damaged due to circuit abnormality;
The constant voltage and constant current control circuit comprises an output control circuit of the power storage battery, a positive and negative 5V voltage conversion module, a DA conversion circuit, an AD conversion circuit, a current constant control circuit and a voltage constant control circuit;
the power storage battery output control circuit comprises a first chip U1, a second chip U2, a fifteenth resistor R15, a sixteenth resistor R16, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first silicon controlled transistor Q1, a second silicon controlled transistor Q2, a tenth capacitor C10, a twenty-third capacitor C23 and a twenty-fourth capacitor C24, wherein the first chip U1 and the second chip U2 are photoelectric isolation coupling chips for protecting the control circuit, the control circuit and the controlled circuit are isolated and protected through photoelectric coupling, the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are Schottky diodes, and the first silicon controlled transistor Q1 and the second silicon controlled transistor Q2 are thyristors; the positive electrode of the first diode D1 is grounded, the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to the collector electrode of the receiving triode of the first chip U1, the emitter electrode of the receiving triode of the first chip U1 is connected to the control electrode of the first silicon controlled rectifier Q1, the positive electrode of the first silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the first diode D1, the negative electrode of the first silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the second diode D2 and is simultaneously connected with the positive electrode of the second silicon controlled rectifier Q2, the negative electrode of the second diode D2 is connected to the collector electrode of the receiving triode of the second chip U2, the emitter electrode of the receiving triode of the second chip U2 is connected to the control electrode of the second silicon controlled rectifier Q2, the fourth pin of the fifteenth resistor R15 is connected to the positive electrode of the emitting diode of the first chip U1, the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected to the positive electrode of the emitting diode of the third interface J3, the fourth pin of the emitting diode of the second chip U2 is connected to the positive electrode of the emitting diode of the second chip U2, the negative electrode of the second chip U1 is connected to the negative electrode of the emitting diode C2, the second capacitor C2 is connected to the negative electrode of the second interface J2, and the twenty-high voltage is connected to the drain electrode of the second capacitor C2, and the twenty-high voltage is connected to the drain electrode of the second capacitor C2; the positive and negative 5V voltage conversion module mainly provides positive and negative 5V working voltages for the work of each chip in the circuit, and comprises a second integrated chip IC2, a fourth integrated chip IC4, a second inductor L2, a ninth capacitor C9, a nineteenth capacitor C19, a twentieth capacitor C20, a twenty-first capacitor C21, a twenty-second capacitor C22 and a twenty-seventh capacitor C27; the second integrated chip IC2 is a fixed-voltage three-terminal integrated voltage stabilizer, the input voltage can reach 30-35V, the output current can reach 100mA, an external element is not needed, the internal thermal overload protection is realized, the internal short-circuit current is limited, the circuit design is convenient, the IC4 is a charge pump reverse polarity switch integrated voltage stabilizer, the voltage of positive input can be converted into negative output voltage, the negative input voltage can be converted into positive output voltage, and the design converts positive 5V voltage into negative 5V voltage; the nineteenth capacitor C19 is connected between the second pin and the fourth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the twenty first capacitor C21 is connected between the third pin and the fifth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the third pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4 is grounded, the second inductor L2 is connected between the fifth pin and the output-5V of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the twenty capacitor C20 is connected between the eighth pin and the ground of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the eighth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4 is connected to the fourth pin of the second integrated chip IC2, the twenty second capacitor C22 is connected between the third pin and the ground of the second integrated chip IC2, the third pin of the second integrated chip IC2 is connected to the voltage division power supply of the eighth resistor R8 and the seventh resistor R7, the ninth capacitor C9 and the twenty fifth capacitor C25 are connected in parallel between the fourth pin and the ground of the second integrated chip IC2, the first pin of the second integrated chip IC2 is grounded, and the fourth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC2 is output +5v of the second integrated chip IC 2;
The DA conversion circuit comprises a third integrated chip IC3, a fifth integrated chip IC5, a twelfth capacitor C12, a fifteenth capacitor C15 and an eighteenth capacitor C18, wherein the third integrated chip IC3 is a 12-bit two-way DAC, serial input and programmable stabilization time, and the fifth integrated chip IC5 is a reference voltage stabilizing chip and provides a reference voltage stabilizing source for the operation of the third integrated chip IC 3; the twelfth capacitor C12 is connected between the sixth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 and the ground, the first pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the first pin of the third interface P3, the second pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the second pin of the third interface P3, the third pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the third pin of the third interface P3, the fourth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 outputs an analog output signal after digital-analog conversion, the fifth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is grounded, the sixth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the sixth pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5, the seventh pin of the third integrated chip IC3 outputs an analog output signal after digital-analog conversion, the eighth pin of the output signal after digital-analog conversion is connected to the power +5V, the fifteenth capacitor C15 is connected between the eighth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 and the ground, the second pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5 is connected to the power +5V, the fourth pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5 is grounded, and the sixth pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5 provides a reference voltage for the fifth integrated chip IC to output the stable reference voltage;
The AD conversion circuit comprises a sixteenth capacitor C16, a seventeenth capacitor C17, a sixth integrated chip IC6, a seventh integrated chip IC7, a nineteenth resistor R19, a twentieth resistor R20 and a twenty first resistor R21; the sixth integrated chip IC6 is a reference voltage stabilizing chip, the seventh integrated chip IC7 is an AD chip, namely an analog-to-digital conversion chip, and the analog signals are converted into digital signals, so that the digital signals are convenient to process with a processor; the sixteenth capacitor C16 is connected between the eighth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, the seventeenth capacitor C17 is connected between the first pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, the first pin, the seventh pin, and the ninth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 are all connected, the sixth pin, the tenth pin, and the eleventh pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 are grounded, the twelfth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the fifth pin of the third interface P3, the thirteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the sixth pin of the third interface P3, the fourteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the seventh pin of the third interface P3, the fifteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the eighth pin of the third interface P3, a sixteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to a ninth pin of the third interface P3, a nineteenth resistor R19 is connected between a fifth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, a twentieth resistor R10 is connected between a fourth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, a twenty first resistor R21 is connected between a third pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, a second pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to a fifth pin of the third chip U3, a fourth pin of the sixth integrated chip IC6 is grounded, a second pin of the sixth integrated chip IC6 is connected to a power supply +5v, and a sixth pin of the sixth integrated chip IC6 outputs a reference voltage for the seventh integrated chip IC7 to operate;
The current constant control circuit comprises a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a first integrated chip IC1, an eighth capacitor C8, a fourteenth capacitor C14, a third chip U3, a fourth diode D4 and a third field effect transistor Q3, wherein the ninth resistor R9 is a sampling circuit, a high-precision resistor with small resistance value and high power is adopted, the first integrated chip IC1 is a differential amplifier, the amplification factor of the differential amplifier can be changed by adjusting the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11, the third chip U3 is a high-speed operational amplifier, and the circuit is used as a high-speed comparator; the ninth resistor R9 is connected between the second pin and the third pin of the first integrated chip IC1, the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11 are connected between the first pin and the eighth pin of the first integrated chip IC1 in parallel, the eighth capacitor C8 is connected between the seventh pin and the ground of the first integrated chip IC1, the fourth pin of the first integrated chip IC1 is connected with a power supply-5V, the fourteenth capacitor C14 is connected between the fourth pin and the ground of the first integrated chip IC1, the sixth pin of the first integrated chip IC1 is connected to the second pin of the third chip U3, the eighteenth resistor R18 is connected between the fourth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 and the third pin of the third chip U3, the eighth pin of the third chip U3 is connected with a power supply-5V, the fourth pin is connected with a power supply +5V, the first pin of the third chip U3 is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode D4, the anode of the fourth diode D4 is connected with the gate of the third field effect transistor Q3, and the gate of the third chip Q3 is connected with the source of the third chip IC 1; the voltage at two ends of the ninth resistor R9 is detected, the analog signals output by the first integrated chip IC1 and the third integrated chip IC3 are processed through high-speed comparison, when the current becomes smaller, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is increased, the power supply is output, the current is increased, when the current becomes larger, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is reduced, the power supply output time is shortened, the current is lower, and the current of the system can be in a constant state through high-speed adjustment;
The voltage constant control circuit comprises a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13, a twenty-second resistor R22, a twenty-sixth resistor R26, a second interface J2, a third chip U3, a third diode D3 and a seventeenth resistor R17; the twelfth resistor R12, the thirteenth resistor R13 and the twenty-second resistor form a voltage dividing circuit, the voltage dividing information of the output voltage can be obtained, and the second interface J2 is an output interface of the constant voltage and constant current power supply; the twelfth resistor R12 and the thirteenth resistor R13 are connected in series between the second pin of the first integrated chip IC1 and the fifth pin of the third chip U3, the twenty-second resistor R22 is connected between the fifth pin of the third chip U3 and ground, the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected between the analog signal output by the third integrated circuit IC3 and the sixth pin of the third chip U3, the seventh pin of the third chip U3 is connected to the negative electrode of the third diode D3, and the positive electrode of the third diode D3 is connected to the positive electrode of the third field effect transistor Q3; the voltage on the twenty-second resistor and the analog signal output by the third integrated chip IC3 are detected and are subjected to high-speed comparison, when the voltage is reduced, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is increased, the power supply is output, the voltage is increased, when the voltage is increased, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is reduced, the power supply output time is shortened, the voltage is reduced, and the voltage of the system can be in a constant state through high-speed adjustment.
2. The semi-automatic blocking railway rail breakage monitoring system is characterized in that the monitoring system is provided with at least one monitoring interval, and each monitoring interval is provided with monitoring equipment;
the monitoring equipment comprises a direct-current power supply, a monitoring host, an information acquisition module and a data transmission module; the monitoring host is respectively connected with the direct-current power supply, the information acquisition module and the data transmission module;
the information acquisition module comprises a plurality of steel rail direct current resistors, a plurality of steel rail short circuits, circuit protection piezoresistors, low-frequency choke coils and an adjusting current-limiting resistor;
the monitoring interval is divided into a plurality of sections, and the two steel rails are a first steel rail and a second steel rail respectively;
the direct-current power supply is directly connected with the steel rail through the regulating current limiting resistor and the low-frequency choke coil, and the rail surface is connected with the circuit protection piezoresistor in parallel;
the method comprises the steps that a rail short-circuit line is installed at the farthest point of each section of rail, current flowing through the rail short-circuit line is monitored, no rail break occurs, current flows through the rail short-circuit line, and after the rail break occurs, the rail short-circuit line has no current and is used for monitoring whether the rail break occurs;
each section of the first steel rail and each section of the second steel rail are respectively provided with a steel rail direct current resistor, and each section of the first steel rail is also connected with the corresponding section of the second steel rail through a short circuit resistor;
Before installing the direct current rail broken rail monitoring equipment, testing the existing rail impedance and the ballast resistance:
the method for testing the rail impedance and the ballast resistance of the section to be monitored adopts a direct current open circuit method for testing;
the testing method comprises the following steps:
(1) When the power receiving end is open, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ks And a power transmission end current I ks ；
(2) When the power receiving end is short-circuited, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ds And a power transmission end current I ds ；
(3) Whether open circuit or short circuit is caused, the voltage and the current of the power transmission end are measured in the positive polarity and the negative polarity, and then the average value is taken to eliminate the influence of the current loss;
the calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the measured U ks ，I ks ，U ds ，I ds And the length l of the steel rail is calculated:
r k ＝R B ×γ
wherein R is ks Is an open circuit resistance, R ds Is short-circuit resistance, R B Is the wave resistance, gamma is the propagation constant, l is the track circuit length, r k Is the resistance of the steel rail, r d Is ballast resistance;
after the rail impedance and ballast resistance of the monitoring section are measured, the short-circuit resistance of each kilometer is correctly configured, the current of the remote short-circuit line and each parallel resistor is ensured to be 200 mA-500 mA, and the reliability of monitoring broken rails is improved.
3. A semi-automatic occlusion railway rail break monitoring system in accordance with claim 2, wherein:
The direct current power supply is 24V16A direct current power supply, and the low-frequency choke coil is a 50Hz low-frequency choke coil;
the regulating current-limiting resistor is mainly used for overcurrent protection when a train passes through, the 50Hz low-frequency choke coil plays a role in inhibiting 50Hz traction current from flowing into the direct-current power supply, and the circuit protection piezoresistor is used for preventing high voltage from reversely puncturing the direct-current power supply, so that the effects of protection and lightning protection are achieved;
a steel rail direct current resistor is arranged every kilometer and is used as a shunt resistor; when the rail breaking point is in front of the shunt resistor, no current flows through the shunt resistor after rail breaking, and the total current is instantaneously reduced so as to distinguish the rail breaking position and accurately locate within a kilometer range;
when rail breakage occurs, the alarm condition is reliably monitored through the acquisition, and the specific position of the rail breaking point is separated through the instantaneous change area with reduced current.
4. A semi-automatic occlusion railway rail break monitoring system in accordance with claim 2, wherein:
the power transmission end rail break alarm information acquisition mode adopts two modes: firstly, a steel rail lead wire at a power transmission end passes through a direct current hollow sensor to detect the change of current flowing through the steel rail lead wire; secondly, the voltage on the current limiting resistor at the power transmission end is changed; both the two changing conditions can be used as rail break alarm information; the alarm information is transmitted to a computer of a work section dispatching center for analysis and processing after being processed by a monitoring host;
The acquisition of the rail break alarm information of the power receiving end is relatively simple, only the short-circuit line of the steel rail passes through the direct current hollow sensor, the data of the current flowing through the short-circuit line of the steel rail is acquired through the direct current hollow sensor, whether the current exists or not is judged, the rail is not broken due to the current, and the rail is broken due to the current which does not exist; and sending the two information of "exist" and "none" to a work segment dispatching center computer for analysis and processing.
5. A semi-automatic occlusion railway rail break monitoring system in accordance with claim 2, wherein:
when a train is sensed to enter a monitoring zone and a broken rail monitoring zone is pressed, the wheel set short-circuits the steel rail, the current of the power transmission end is increased, and after the current of the power transmission end is increased to a set value, the power transmission end equipment stops transmitting power to the steel rail; the train pressure monitoring section cannot monitor the rail breakage state, and the monitoring system stops rail breakage monitoring; firstly, protecting a power supply at a power transmission end from overload; secondly, existing electric energy is saved, and monitoring time is prolonged;
because the interval line is not provided with an alternating current power supply, a solar battery and a storage battery are adopted for supplying power; because of the battery power supply reason, the current of the transmitting end cannot be continuous all the time, in order to ensure the power supply time and reduce the power consumption, a discontinuous monitoring method is adopted, the set time t2 is monitored every time the set time t1 is set, and the discontinuous monitoring time can be set according to the power supply condition of the power supply, so that the purpose of reducing the power consumption is achieved, and the function of broken rail monitoring can be finished.
6. A semi-automatic occlusion railway rail break monitoring system in accordance with claim 2, wherein:
the electrified traction section is anti-interference, firstly, a direct current is adopted, an electrified 50Hz interference source and multiple harmonics have small interference with a direct current loop, and a low-frequency choke coil is arranged at a transmitting end to choke 50Hz interference power supply equipment; and secondly, the unbalance of the impedance of the two steel rails can cause large rail pressure difference, and the parallel resistance of each kilometer and the short-circuit line of the far end are started from the power transmission end, so that the direct current resistance between the two steel rails is small, and the two steel rails are basically balanced.
7. A semi-automatic occlusion railway rail break monitoring system in accordance with claim 2, wherein:
each set of monitoring equipment adopts a double-set redundancy mode, and is divided into a main mode and a standby mode, one set of equipment fails, the standby equipment is automatically put into use, and an audible and visual alarm is sent out to prompt the failure of the field equipment.
8. A semi-automatic occlusion railway rail break monitoring system in accordance with claim 2, wherein:
the direct-current power supply adopts a solar power supply constant-current constant-voltage circuit, and the solar power supply constant-current constant-voltage circuit comprises a solar charging circuit and a constant-voltage constant-current control circuit; the solar charging circuit comprises a solar battery voltage and current detection circuit and a charging conversion circuit;
The solar cell voltage and current detection circuit comprises a solar cell panel, a first fuse F1, a fourth chip U4, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fourteenth resistor R14, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4 and an eighteenth capacitor C18, wherein the first fuse F1 plays a role in safety protection to prevent other circuit damages caused by abnormal power supply of the solar cell panel, the fourth chip U4 is a current detection chip and is a precision current sensing amplifier, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 form a voltage division circuit, and voltage information of the solar cell can be calculated according to the measured voltage division value; the first fuse F1 is connected to the positive electrode of the solar cell panel, the negative electrode of the solar cell panel is grounded, the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the other end of the first fuse F1 and the drain electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit, the third capacitor C3 is connected to the two ends of the third resistor R3 in parallel, the first pin of the fourth chip U4 is connected to the drain electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the eighteenth capacitor C18 is connected between the first pin and the eighth pin of the fourth chip U4, the second pin of the first chip U4 is connected to a power supply +5V, the second capacitor C2 is connected between the second pin and the fourth pin of the fourth chip U4, the fourth pin of the fourth chip U4 is grounded, and the fifth pin of the fourth chip U4 is connected to the processor AD pin to calculate the current; the charging conversion circuit converts the voltage output by the solar panel into stable charging voltage required by battery charging, and the voltage generated by the change of the solar battery along with the change of sunlight is not beneficial to the utilization of charging, so that the voltage of the solar panel is raised to the voltage required by the charging of the power storage battery by the boost circuit for improving the solar energy utilization rate and the charging efficiency; the charge conversion circuit comprises a first capacitor C1, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, a first resistor R1, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a fourth field effect transistor Q4, a fifth field effect transistor Q5, a first inductor L1, a second fuse F2, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, a seventh diode D7, an eighth diode D8, a first power storage battery BT1, and a first integrated circuit HR2104; the fourth field effect transistor Q4 and the fifth field effect transistor Q5 are N-type MOS transistors, and as the switching speed is high, the switching function in the BOOST circuit is realized, and the first integrated circuit HR2104 is a MOS transistor switch driving chip; the first capacitor C1 and the first resistor R1 are connected in series between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the gate electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, the cathode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the seventh pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104, the fifth resistor R5 is connected in parallel to the two ends of the sixth diode D6, the source electrode of the fourth field effect transistor Q4 is connected to the drain electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5, the drain electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5 is grounded, the anode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to the gate electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5, the cathode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to the fifth pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104, the sixth resistor is connected to the two ends of the seventh diode D7 in parallel, the fifth capacitor is connected in parallel between the sixth pin and the eighth pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104, the first pin of the first integrated circuit HR2104 is connected to the power supply 12V, the anode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D12V, the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the anode of the eighth pin of the eighth integrated circuit BT1, the anode of the fifth diode D7 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D1 is connected to the anode of the eighth pin of the eighth integrated circuit, the eighth resistor L2 is connected to the anode of the eighth resistor L1 is connected to the anode of the eighth resistor L2, and the anode of the eighth resistor is connected to the eighth resistor L2 is connected to the anode of the eighth resistor L1; the charging conversion circuit can be controlled to work by controlling the first integrated circuit HR2104, the voltage output by the solar battery is converted to the charging voltage of the rechargeable battery BT1, and the second fuse F2 plays a role in protecting the electric storage battery to prevent the electric storage battery or other elements from being damaged due to circuit abnormality;
The constant voltage and constant current control circuit comprises an output control circuit of the power storage battery, a positive and negative 5V voltage conversion module, a DA conversion circuit, an AD conversion circuit, a current constant control circuit and a voltage constant control circuit;
the power storage battery output control circuit comprises a first chip U1, a second chip U2, a fifteenth resistor R15, a sixteenth resistor R16, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first silicon controlled transistor Q1, a second silicon controlled transistor Q2, a tenth capacitor C10, a twenty-third capacitor C23 and a twenty-fourth capacitor C24, wherein the first chip U1 and the second chip U2 are photoelectric isolation coupling chips for protecting the control circuit, the control circuit and the controlled circuit are isolated and protected through photoelectric coupling, the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are Schottky diodes, and the first silicon controlled transistor Q1 and the second silicon controlled transistor Q2 are thyristors; the positive electrode of the first diode D1 is grounded, the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to the collector electrode of the receiving triode of the first chip U1, the emitter electrode of the receiving triode of the first chip U1 is connected to the control electrode of the first silicon controlled rectifier Q1, the positive electrode of the first silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the first diode D1, the negative electrode of the first silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the second diode D2 and is simultaneously connected with the positive electrode of the second silicon controlled rectifier Q2, the negative electrode of the second diode D2 is connected to the collector electrode of the receiving triode of the second chip U2, the emitter electrode of the receiving triode of the second chip U2 is connected to the control electrode of the second silicon controlled rectifier Q2, the fourth pin of the fifteenth resistor R15 is connected to the positive electrode of the emitting diode of the first chip U1, the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected to the positive electrode of the emitting diode of the third interface J3, the fourth pin of the emitting diode of the second chip U2 is connected to the positive electrode of the emitting diode of the second chip U2, the negative electrode of the second chip U1 is connected to the negative electrode of the emitting diode C2, the second capacitor C2 is connected to the negative electrode of the second interface J2, and the twenty-high voltage is connected to the drain electrode of the second capacitor C2, and the twenty-high voltage is connected to the drain electrode of the second capacitor C2; the positive and negative 5V voltage conversion module mainly provides positive and negative 5V working voltages for the work of each chip in the circuit, and comprises a second integrated chip IC2, a fourth integrated chip IC4, a second inductor L2, a ninth capacitor C9, a nineteenth capacitor C19, a twentieth capacitor C20, a twenty-first capacitor C21, a twenty-second capacitor C22 and a twenty-seventh capacitor C27; the second integrated chip IC2 is a fixed-voltage three-terminal integrated voltage stabilizer, the input voltage can reach 30-35V, the output current can reach 100mA, an external element is not needed, the internal thermal overload protection is realized, the internal short-circuit current is limited, the circuit design is convenient, the IC4 is a charge pump reverse polarity switch integrated voltage stabilizer, the voltage of positive input can be converted into negative output voltage, the negative input voltage can be converted into positive output voltage, and the design converts positive 5V voltage into negative 5V voltage; the nineteenth capacitor C19 is connected between the second pin and the fourth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the twenty first capacitor C21 is connected between the third pin and the fifth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the third pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4 is grounded, the second inductor L2 is connected between the fifth pin and the output-5V of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the twenty capacitor C20 is connected between the eighth pin and the ground of the fourth integrated chip IC4, the eighth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC4 is connected to the fourth pin of the second integrated chip IC2, the twenty second capacitor C22 is connected between the third pin and the ground of the second integrated chip IC2, the third pin of the second integrated chip IC2 is connected to the voltage division power supply of the eighth resistor R8 and the seventh resistor R7, the ninth capacitor C9 and the twenty fifth capacitor C25 are connected in parallel between the fourth pin and the ground of the second integrated chip IC2, the first pin of the second integrated chip IC2 is grounded, and the fourth pin of the fourth integrated chip IC2 is output +5v of the second integrated chip IC 2;
The DA conversion circuit comprises a third integrated chip IC3, a fifth integrated chip IC5, a twelfth capacitor C12, a fifteenth capacitor C15 and an eighteenth capacitor C18, wherein the third integrated chip IC3 is a 12-bit two-way DAC, serial input and programmable stabilization time, and the fifth integrated chip IC5 is a reference voltage stabilizing chip and provides a reference voltage stabilizing source for the operation of the third integrated chip IC 3; the twelfth capacitor C12 is connected between the sixth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 and the ground, the first pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the first pin of the third interface P3, the second pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the second pin of the third interface P3, the third pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the third pin of the third interface P3, the fourth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 outputs an analog output signal after digital-analog conversion, the fifth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is grounded, the sixth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 is connected to the sixth pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5, the seventh pin of the third integrated chip IC3 outputs an analog output signal after digital-analog conversion, the eighth pin of the output signal after digital-analog conversion is connected to the power +5V, the fifteenth capacitor C15 is connected between the eighth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 and the ground, the second pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5 is connected to the power +5V, the fourth pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5 is grounded, and the sixth pin of the fifth integrated chip IC5 provides a reference voltage for the fifth integrated chip IC to output the stable reference voltage;
The AD conversion circuit comprises a sixteenth capacitor C16, a seventeenth capacitor C17, a sixth integrated chip IC6, a seventh integrated chip IC7, a nineteenth resistor R19, a twentieth resistor R20 and a twenty first resistor R21; the sixth integrated chip IC6 is a reference voltage stabilizing chip, the seventh integrated chip IC7 is an AD chip, namely an analog-to-digital conversion chip, and the analog signals are converted into digital signals, so that the digital signals are convenient to process with a processor; the sixteenth capacitor C16 is connected between the eighth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, the seventeenth capacitor C17 is connected between the first pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, the first pin, the seventh pin, and the ninth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 are all connected, the sixth pin, the tenth pin, and the eleventh pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 are grounded, the twelfth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the fifth pin of the third interface P3, the thirteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the sixth pin of the third interface P3, the fourteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the seventh pin of the third interface P3, the fifteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to the eighth pin of the third interface P3, a sixteenth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to a ninth pin of the third interface P3, a nineteenth resistor R19 is connected between a fifth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, a twentieth resistor R10 is connected between a fourth pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, a twenty first resistor R21 is connected between a third pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 and ground, a second pin of the seventh integrated chip IC7 is connected to a fifth pin of the third chip U3, a fourth pin of the sixth integrated chip IC6 is grounded, a second pin of the sixth integrated chip IC6 is connected to a power supply +5v, and a sixth pin of the sixth integrated chip IC6 outputs a reference voltage for the seventh integrated chip IC7 to operate;
The current constant control circuit comprises a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a first integrated chip IC1, an eighth capacitor C8, a fourteenth capacitor C14, a third chip U3, a fourth diode D4 and a third field effect transistor Q3, wherein the ninth resistor R9 is a sampling circuit, a high-precision resistor with small resistance value and high power is adopted, the first integrated chip IC1 is a differential amplifier, the amplification factor of the differential amplifier can be changed by adjusting the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11, the third chip U3 is a high-speed operational amplifier, and the circuit is used as a high-speed comparator; the ninth resistor R9 is connected between the second pin and the third pin of the first integrated chip IC1, the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11 are connected between the first pin and the eighth pin of the first integrated chip IC1 in parallel, the eighth capacitor C8 is connected between the seventh pin and the ground of the first integrated chip IC1, the fourth pin of the first integrated chip IC1 is connected with a power supply-5V, the fourteenth capacitor C14 is connected between the fourth pin and the ground of the first integrated chip IC1, the sixth pin of the first integrated chip IC1 is connected to the second pin of the third chip U3, the eighteenth resistor R18 is connected between the fourth pin of the third integrated chip IC3 and the third pin of the third chip U3, the eighth pin of the third chip U3 is connected with a power supply-5V, the fourth pin is connected with a power supply +5V, the first pin of the third chip U3 is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode D4, the anode of the fourth diode D4 is connected with the gate of the third field effect transistor Q3, and the gate of the third chip Q3 is connected with the source of the third chip IC 1; the voltage at two ends of the ninth resistor R9 is detected, the analog signals output by the first integrated chip IC1 and the third integrated chip IC3 are processed through high-speed comparison, when the current becomes smaller, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is increased, the power supply is output, the current is increased, when the current becomes larger, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is reduced, the power supply output time is shortened, the current is lower, and the current of the system can be in a constant state through high-speed adjustment;
The voltage constant control circuit comprises a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13, a twenty-second resistor R22, a twenty-sixth resistor R26, a second interface J2, a third chip U3, a third diode D3 and a seventeenth resistor R17; the twelfth resistor R12, the thirteenth resistor R13 and the twenty-second resistor form a voltage dividing circuit, the voltage dividing information of the output voltage can be obtained, and the second interface J2 is an output interface of the constant voltage and constant current power supply; the twelfth resistor R12 and the thirteenth resistor R13 are connected in series between the second pin of the first integrated chip IC1 and the fifth pin of the third chip U3, the twenty-second resistor R22 is connected between the fifth pin of the third chip U3 and ground, the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected between the analog signal output by the third integrated circuit IC3 and the sixth pin of the third chip U3, the seventh pin of the third chip U3 is connected to the negative electrode of the third diode D3, and the positive electrode of the third diode D3 is connected to the positive electrode of the third field effect transistor Q3; the voltage on the twenty-second resistor and the analog signal output by the third integrated chip IC3 are detected and are subjected to high-speed comparison, when the voltage is reduced, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is increased, the power supply is output, the voltage is increased, when the voltage is increased, the conduction frequency of the third field effect transistor Q3 is reduced, the power supply output time is shortened, the voltage is reduced, and the voltage of the system can be in a constant state through high-speed adjustment.
9. A method of monitoring a semi-automatic closed railway rail break monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that:
before installing the direct current rail broken rail monitoring equipment, testing the existing rail impedance and the ballast resistance:
the method for testing the rail impedance and the ballast resistance of the section to be monitored adopts a direct current open circuit method for testing;
the testing method comprises the following steps:
(1) When the power receiving end is open, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ks And a power transmission end current I ks ；
(2) When the power receiving end is short-circuited, the rail surface voltage U is measured at the power transmitting end ds And a power transmission end current I ds ；
(3) Whether open circuit or short circuit is caused, the voltage and the current of the power transmission end are measured in the positive polarity and the negative polarity, and then the average value is taken to eliminate the influence of the current loss;
the calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the measured U ks ，I ks ，U ds ，I ds And the length l of the steel rail is calculated:
r k ＝R B ×γ
wherein R is ks Is an open circuit resistance, R ds Is short-circuit resistance, R B Is the wave resistance, gamma is the propagation constant, l is the track circuit length, r k Is the resistance of the steel rail, r d Is ballast resistance;
after the rail impedance and ballast resistance of the monitoring section are measured, the short-circuit resistance of each kilometer is correctly configured, the current of the remote short-circuit line and each parallel resistor is ensured to be 200 mA-500 mA, and the reliability of monitoring broken rails is improved.
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