CN1522428A - 显示器 - Google Patents

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CN1522428A
CN1522428A CNA02801393XA CN02801393A CN1522428A CN 1522428 A CN1522428 A CN 1522428A CN A02801393X A CNA02801393X A CN A02801393XA CN 02801393 A CN02801393 A CN 02801393A CN 1522428 A CN1522428 A CN 1522428A
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pixel
electric current
frame period
electrode
frame
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CN1302449C (zh
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M��T��Լ��ѷ
M·T·约翰逊
A·塞姆佩尔
R·罗斯
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3216Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using a passive matrix
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3275Details of drivers for data electrodes
    • G09G3/3283Details of drivers for data electrodes in which the data driver supplies a variable data current for setting the current through, or the voltage across, the light-emitting elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/02Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0224Details of interlacing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/04Partial updating of the display screen
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0233Improving the luminance or brightness uniformity across the screen
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0247Flicker reduction other than flicker reduction circuits used for single beam cathode-ray tubes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0261Improving the quality of display appearance in the context of movement of objects on the screen or movement of the observer relative to the screen
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2330/00Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
    • G09G2330/02Details of power systems and of start or stop of display operation
    • G09G2330/021Power management, e.g. power saving

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Control Of El Displays (AREA)
  • Transforming Electric Information Into Light Information (AREA)

Abstract

为了抑制单色LED显示器中的耗散,每一帧都采用帧速率的一半。在彩色LED显示器中,一种颜色的帧(例如绿色)采用正常的帧速率,而其它颜色(红色、蓝色)则采用较低的帧速率。在其它实施方案中,所有颜色的帧速率都根据要显示的图像加以选择。

Description

显示器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种显示器,它包括选择电极第一个模式和数据电极第二个模式之间的一层场致发光材料,其中两个模式中至少有一个对于要发射的无线电信号而言是透明的,而在电极的重叠区域,所述电极与其间的场致发光材料,构成像素的一部分,该装置包括一个驱动电路。
技术背景
这样的显示器(有机LED、聚合物LED阵列)在例如移动电话中应用得越来越广泛。
驱动这种有机LED阵列的问题是重叠电极和其间的有机材料层构成的与LED相关的电容以及驱动线的电容。它之所以成为问题是因为LED通常都是用电流进行驱动的,因此,在使用的过程中,要给选定的像素提供充足的恒定电流。实际上应该流过相关LED的大部分初始电流在为与LED有关的电容充电,从而使LED获得电流的太少,因而发射的光亮度太低。在更大的矩阵里,驱动线的电容和电阻也会带来影响,因为RC时间较长,在写入期间有时无法获得所需电流。此外,开关需要更大的功率。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是给上述问题提供一个解决方案。
为此目的,本发明的显示器只在每个帧周期里选择一部分像素。
因此,例如一行中的多个LED被驱动得较少,因而在开关的时候它们消耗较少的能量。
在第一个实施方案里,在每个奇数帧周期里给电极重叠区域里像素矩阵的奇数列像素提供足够的恒定电流,在每个偶数帧周期里给偶数列像素提供足够的恒定电流,这些电流基本上是目前驱动电路里使用的电流的两倍,它们在使用的时候,每个帧周期选择所有像素。本发明显然不限于有像素矩阵的显示器,而是还可以应用于分段显示器。
类似地,在电极重叠区域上,在每个奇数帧周期给像素阵列中的奇数行像素提供足够的恒定电流,在每个偶数帧周期里给偶数行像素提供足够的恒定电流,与使用的时候每个帧周期里都选择所有像素的驱动电路相比,电流基本上被加倍。
可以将这两种措施结合起来,从而使每四个帧周期里每个像素只被选中一次。通过选中像素的电流相对于每个帧周期选中所有像素的驱动电路相比变成了四倍。为了防止电流太大,还可以扩展驱动脉冲宽度,只要对于每个像素时间和电流的乘积与使用的时候每个帧周期都要选中所有像素的驱动电路中的基本上相同。
更一般地讲,每p个帧周期可以选择一个或者多个像素,从而有p倍电流流经选中的像素。
在有n种颜色的n个子像素(n≥2)的一个优选实施方案里,在n个连续的帧周期里给不同颜色的子像素提供基本恒定的电流,与使用的时候每个帧周期都要选中所有子像素的驱动电路中的电流相比,电流会增大到n倍。
在一些帧周期里采用n种颜色的子像素的时候,可以选中不同颜色之一的子像素,可以在其它的帧周期里选中m种颜色的子像素(m>1,m<n)。
通过参考下面的实施方案,本发明的这些方面和其它方面会显而易见。
在附图中:
图1从原理上说明本发明的显示器,而
图2和图3则说明不同实施方案的驱动信号。
这些图是说明性的;对应的部件一般都用相同的引用数字表示。
图1是本发明中显示器10一部分的一个等效电路图。它包括具有r行(1,2,...,r)和c列(1,2,...,c)的一个(O)LED14阵列。这个装置还包括一个行选择电路15(例如一个多路转接电路15,在这个实例中,它通过驱动线30和开关31和一个数据寄存器16将行电极与地连接或者与一个电压Vb连接)。外面输入的信息17,例如视频信号,在处理单元18中进行处理,它根据要显示的信息,通过电源线19给数据寄存器16的各个部分16-1、16-2、...、16-c充电,从而通过线路21给晶体管22(在这个实例中是pnp晶体管)的基极23提供与这一信息有关的电压。在这个实例中,实际的列导体12与晶体管22的集电极22连接,而这些晶体管的发射极25则通过电阻26与可调电压连接,在这个实例中是通过与地连接的电压源27的+10伏特。将电阻26选择为基本上具有相同的电阻,基极23上寄存器16给出的电压在这个实例中使得晶体管22和电阻26的结合可以被基本上看作理想电流源。但是,只有当这个电流可以通过集电极耗尽的时候,相关的电流源才能够提供电流。为了这一目的,行电极13上的电压必须足够低。相关的行选择电压由行选择电路15提供。行的选择和线路21上电压的提供之间的互相同步由驱动单元18通过驱动线路20、30进行。此外,所有列电极都与一个参考电压连接,在这个实例中是地电位,通过开关33,例如,下面将描述的晶体管。
在一个传统的驱动模式里,要驱动的一行的所有信息都储存在数据寄存器16中。然后,与这一线路有关的行电极,在这个实例中是与线路1有关的行电极,被选中。为此目的,有关的开关31与地连接,根据线路21的电压,电流开始流经与线路1有关的电流源,随后进入LED。
如同开头的一段所描述的一样,重叠电极和有机材料中间层构成的电容32与每个LED有关。下面将参考只与列1有关的电容C11、C21、C31和Cr1描述这个电容的影响。虽然只描述第1列的现象,但是这一描述能够代表整个像素阵列所发生的情况。
在选择LED行的时候,行电极13通过开关31与地连接。结束在图2、3中用tsel表示的选择周期以后,在不选择的时候,行电极13通过开关31与电压Vb连接,将它选择为LED不以电流源22的传统电流和电压导通,因为这些LED都被反向偏置。LED 14以例如大约1.5伏特的正向电压导通。为了设置辉度值,1.5到3伏特之间的正向电压范围就足够了。实际上,列电极上的电压不大于3伏特。在LED上例如2伏特的反向电压(或者低偏置电压)下,泄漏电流可以忽略。在这个实例中,将Vb选择为5伏特。
在选择第1行的同时(或者以后),上述电流源(晶体管22和电阻26的组合)通过数据寄存器16不同部分16-1、16-2、...、16-c而激活,从而使它们开始提供电流。选中了以后,LED反向偏置,下面将对此进行详细描述。为了防止刚刚关闭的那一行LED发出不需要的光,同时防止出现寄生电流,就需要在选择下一行之前将电容C11、C21、C31和Cr1放电到不发出任何光的程度。为此目的,在选择周期结尾,通过开关(晶体管)33将列电极与地连接,让这些LED短路。还通过驱动线(没有画出)从处理单元(驱动单元)18驱动这些开关(晶体管)33(图1中的方框4)。
所述电流源出来的电流部分地用于给电容C11、C21、C31和Cn1充电。在C取很大值的时候,也就是在内在的大电容或者对于许多行的情形,有可能在选择周期tsel中没能获得需要的电压,LED发出的光强度不对。此外,给电容不必要地充电和放电会造成功率耗散。
为了防止这种现象发生,减少图1所示装置中每一帧周期里选中的像素的数量,例如,如果需要,在每个奇数帧周期里通过给奇数列的像素提供电流,如果需要,在每个偶数帧周期里给偶数列的像素提供电流。为了保持亮度相同,与使用的时候每一帧周期选择所有像素的驱动电路中的电流相比,电流被加倍。
图2说明如何在单色显示器中实现这样一个驱动。模式(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)说明在一个传统的装置里如何连续地选择显示器的前4行(像素行),而模式(e)则说明提供给一列的数据的变化,它是流经LED的电流。基本上每一个随后的选择周期tsel中数据都会发生变化,电流源必须提供所述电容电流(模式e)。
根据本发明,在两个连续的帧周期里第一个帧周期中只有奇数列的信息被提供给数据电极12(模式f,Idata,1),在随后的帧周期里只有偶数列(模式g,Idata,2)的信息被提供给列电极12。为了与每个帧周期里每个像素都被驱动的那种情形一样获得相同的发光强度,通过LED的电流必须加倍。因此由直流电流导致的耗散不会改变(频率减半),但是耗散明显减小,因为与LED有关的电容必须充电的频率已经减半。
对于低辉度值,比每两个帧周期一次更低的频率就足够了,因为眼睛对于这些辉度值的闪烁更加不敏感。驱动单元18具有额外的处理装置,例如,一个微处理器或者一个查阅表,用于这一帧速率调制。在这种情况下,还可以采用脉宽调制。
在另一个实施方案中,在连续两个帧中的第一个帧周期里,只有奇数行的信息被提供给数据电极12(模式h),在随后的一个帧周期里只有偶数行(模式i)的信息被提供给数据电极12。选择信号的频率也可以减半(模式j、k、l、m),其中的数据模式又一次按照列提供(模式n)(与利用阴极射线管显示图像的情况下的各行扫描进行比较)。
在彩色显示器里,为红色、绿色和蓝色子帧提供单独的红色、绿色和蓝色信号,例如,在连续的三个帧周期里采用相同的方式。由于所述电容电流导致的能量消耗现在下降大约三分之二。
图3说明如何以略微大一点的能量消耗防止可能的缺陷(运动图像的停停走走,闪烁和颜色错乱或者颜色闪烁)。为了这一目的,以全频率驱动绿色像素(在每一个帧周期里),而红色和蓝色信号则每三个帧周期里提供一次。也可以用以下方式来说明:
|-,G,-|R,G,-|-,G,B|
现在以全速率(每一个帧周期)通过绿色像素提供(视频)信息,而其它颜色的信息则以较低的频率提供。由于绿色对于图像感知来说最重要,因此所述缺陷(运动图像的停停走走,闪烁和颜色错乱或者颜色闪烁)不会那么令人厌烦,如果不是看不到这种缺陷的话。
在本发明的范围之内有几种变化。例如,通过6个连续帧周期(重复)驱动顺序,参考图3所做的划分可以采用视频图像的典型结构,也就是60%绿色,30%红色和只有10%的蓝色。
|-,G,-|R,G,-|R,G,-|-,G,-|-,G,B|R,G,-|。
其它顺序也是可行的,例如对于连续三个帧周期:
|-,G,-|R,G,-|R,G,B|
或者对于连续四个帧周期:
|-,G,-|R,G,-|-,G,B|R,-,-|
如果需要,可以动态地调整这个顺序,利用驱动单元18中的处理器按照要显示的(视频)图像的内容来改变它。
其中,在图3中,在一个帧周期里按照一部分列电极选择像素,也可以按照图2h和2i通过在一个帧周期里选择电极来选择像素。
除了红色、绿色和蓝色LED的结合以外,可以选择更多颜色的组合,而像素则可以用例如四个而不是三个子像素构成。可以交替地选择除了红色、绿色和蓝色以外的基本色。在这个实例中,不同的颜色用列方向上的不同条纹表示,但是它们也可以是行方向或者Δ-Λ结构的条纹。
也可以采用脉宽调制,其中例如,驱动装置改变脉宽,调整通过像素的电流,从而使每个像素上时间和电流的乘积基本上等于使用的时候每一个帧周期都选择所有像素的驱动电路情形中的乘积。
需要的通过LED的恒定电流也可以用图示电流源22、26获得。
本发明的保护范围不限于这里描述的实施方案。本发明包括了每一个新的特征和它们的组合。权利要求中的引用数字并不是要限制它们的保护范围。动词“包括”和它的词性变化并不排除权利要求中提出的以外的因素。“一个”因素并不排除多个这样的因素。

Claims (13)

1.一种在选择电极的第一个模式和数据电极的第二个模式之间有一层场致发光材料的显示器,其中两个模式中的至少一个模式对于要发射的辐射而言是透明的,而电极的重叠区域,所述电极,以及其间的场致发光材料,一起形成像素的一部分,该装置包括驱动电路,在使用的时候,每个帧周期里只选择一部分像素。
2.权利要求1的显示器,其中在一个帧周期里选中的像素群是被一部分选择电极选择出来的。
3.权利要求1的显示器,其中在一个帧周期里选中的像素群是通过一部分列电极选择出来的。
4.权利要求1的显示器,其中的驱动电路给选中的像素提供基本恒定的电流。
5.权利要求2或者4的显示器,在电极的重叠区域内包括一个像素阵列,其中在每个奇数帧周期里为奇数列像素提供基本恒定的电流,在每个偶数帧周期里为偶数列像素提供基本恒定的电流,与使用的时候每一个帧周期里选择所有像素的驱动电路里的电流相比,这样做的电流基本上被加倍。
6.权利要求3或者4的显示器,在电极的重叠区域内包括一个像素阵列,其中在每个奇数帧周期里为奇数行像素提供基本恒定的电流,在每个偶数帧周期里为偶数行像素提供基本恒定的电流,与使用的时候每一个帧周期里选择所有像素的驱动电路里的电流相比,这样做的电流基本上被加倍。
7.权利要求2的显示器,包括电极重叠区域里的一个像素阵列,其中的驱动装置改变脉冲宽度,调整通过像素的电流,从而使每个像素的时间和电流乘积基本上等于使用的时候每一个帧周期里选择所有像素的驱动电路中的。
8.权利要求1或者2的彩色显示器,包括n种颜色的n(n≥2)个子像素,其中不同颜色的子像素在n个连续帧周期里具有基本恒定的电流,与使用的时候每个帧周期选择所有像素的驱动电路相比,电流增大到了n倍。
9.权利要求4的彩色显示器,其中在每个帧周期里给m种颜色的子像素(m≥1,m<n)提供基本恒定的电流,驱动装置调整通过像素的电流,使得每个像素的时间和电流的乘积基本上等于使用的时候每个帧周期里选择所有像素的驱动电路的乘积。
10.权利要求1的彩色显示器,包括n种颜色的n(n≥2)个子像素,在给定帧周期里选择其中不同颜色之一的子像素,在其它帧周期里选择m(m>1,m<n)种颜色的子像素。
11.权利要求1或者4的显示器,其中的辉度值是通过工作频率的帧速率调制获得的,其中显示辉度值低于给定门限的像素构成的列由驱动电路以低于工作频率的较低频率驱动。
12.权利要求2的彩色显示器,其中不同颜色的像素列被驱动电路以取决于要显示的图像的频率驱动。
13.权利要求4的显示器,其中的像素每p个帧周期选择一次,在选中的时候电流经过像素,与使用的时候每个帧周期选择所有像素的驱动电路中的电流相比,这个电流增大到p倍。
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