CN1520587A - 由于荧光元件的不同时间响应而引起的彩色尾迹的脱色 - Google Patents

由于荧光元件的不同时间响应而引起的彩色尾迹的脱色 Download PDF

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CN1520587A
CN1520587A CNA028126386A CN02812638A CN1520587A CN 1520587 A CN1520587 A CN 1520587A CN A028126386 A CNA028126386 A CN A028126386A CN 02812638 A CN02812638 A CN 02812638A CN 1520587 A CN1520587 A CN 1520587A
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塞巴斯蒂安・魏特布
塞巴斯蒂安·魏特布
克・泰博
塞德里克·泰博
尔・格茨克
阿克塞尔·格茨克
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International Digital Madison Patent Holding SAS
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Abstract

等离子体视频显示器的三种颜色红色、绿色和蓝色的荧光元件具有不同的时间响应。因此，在运动物体边缘的后面和前面出现了彩色的尾迹/边缘。为了减少这种彩色尾迹/边缘的干扰特征，修正蓝色和红色荧光体元件的视频数据，以补偿不同的时间响应，使其脱色。于是，只出现了较少干扰的脱色尾迹/边缘。

Description

由于荧光元件的不同时间响应而引起的彩色尾迹的脱色
技术领域
本发明涉及一种对显示在至少包括两类具有不同时间响应的荧光元件的显示设备上的视频图像进行处理的方法。此外，本发明涉及一种对视频图像进行处理的相应设备。
背景技术
由于旧标准的电视技术(CRT)几乎已经达到其极限，一些新型的显示板(LCD、PDP、OLED、DMD、…)引起了制造商越来越大的兴趣。事实上，现在这些技术能够获得具有有限厚度的纯平面彩色板。
参照最后一代欧洲电视，已经进行了大量的工作来改善其图像质量。因此，新技术必须提供与标准CRT电视技术相同或更好的图像质量。一方面，这些新技术带来了具有引人注目的厚度的平面屏幕的可能性，但另一方面，产生了可能降低图像质量的新型假象(artefact)。这些假象中的大多数都与CRT-TV图像不同，由于人们不自觉地习惯于观看旧电视的假象，使得这些假象更为可见。
这些假象之一是由于用在板中针对RGB颜色的三种不同的荧光材料的不同时间响应而引起的。这些差别在主要为黑色的背景上运动的亮物体(或者相反)的后面和前面产生了彩色尾迹。在等离子显示板(PDP)的情况下，这种假象被称为“荧光体延迟”效应。
图1示出了在具有基本上沿垂直方向的运动的自然场景上对这种荧光体延迟效应的模拟。在黑色背景与白色裤子的边缘出现了彩色尾迹。
在等离子体板上，由于每种荧光体的化学特性，红色、绿色和蓝色荧光元件(也称为荧光体，而不一定具有化学元素P)并不具有相同的特性。此外，使用寿命和亮度都是以特性的均匀性为代价。测量显示绿色荧光体是最慢的，蓝色荧光体是最快的，而红色荧光体通常位于二者之间。这样，如图2所示，在运动的白色物体后面，出现了黄绿色尾迹，而在前面，出现了蓝色区域。
根据汤姆森多媒体公司先前的专利申请FR 0010922的一种已知解决方案是在时域上修改蓝色分量的同时，补偿彩色尾迹。
荧光体延迟问题主要出现在运动物体的强对比边上，尤其是白色到黑色的过渡或相反。在等离子体显示板(PDP)的情况下，结果是，出现在每个白到黑转换之后的一种淡黄色的尾迹，而在其之前的蓝色区域。这是荧光体时间响应不同的结构。
发明内容
本发明的目的是使荧光体延迟假象较少地干扰消费者。
在未来，新型化学荧光体粉末的发展可以通过使绿色和红色荧光体更快来避免这种问题。然而，今天不可能只通过信号处理方法而完全抑制这种效应，但是可以试图使其较少地干扰消费者。
最为棘手的不是尾迹，而是它的颜色。为此，按照本发明，提出利用视频处理装置使尾迹脱色(discolouration)。不仅可以用于PDP，也可以用于LCD等。一般的概念是在荧光体尾迹上加上人工彩色尾迹以使其脱色。为了实现这种补偿，需要计算象素运动矢量的运动估计器。
因而，通过按照权利要求1所述的方法和按照权利要求7所述的设备来实现上述目的。
为了使尾迹脱色，将沿所计算的运动矢量方向的两个或多个相邻像素的视频值之间的差用作指数下降函数的比例因子，其中利用所述指数下降函数计算人工尾迹的视频值。这样避免了采用用于找到要补偿的尾迹的分立边缘检测器。按照本发明，不仅仅补偿了运动物体后面的尾迹。在本发明的一个实施例中，也将补偿运动物体前面的彩色边缘。因此，本发明可以包括在运动物体后面的自然的红色/绿色尾迹上加上互补的人工(红/蓝)尾迹，以及在前面去除红色/蓝色区域，以便确保眼睛不会察觉到物体上的颜色差别。将这些彩色区域加在由已估计的运动矢量所定义的运动轨迹上。
通过附属权利要求使优选实施例更为清楚。
总之，本发明示出了以下优点：
一对由于“荧光体延迟”问题以及更为一般地由于用在矩阵板中的三种颜色的不同时间响应所引起的尾迹进行脱色。
一所进行的补偿完全是灵活的。可以适用于任何类型的荧光体或板，借此，尾迹的数值是完全可变的。所给出的建议影响了不依赖于技术的视频信号处理部分。
一在整幅画面上进行补偿：并不引入阈值，所以避免了新的假象的出现。
附图说明
在附图中示出了本发明的典型实施例，并在以下的描述中进行了更为详细的解释。
图1示出了对自然场景上的荧光体延迟效应的模拟；
图2示出了用于解释荧光体延迟效应的原理图；
图3示出了红色、绿色和蓝色荧光元件的时间响应，以及按照本发明所补偿的时间响应；
图4示出了利用空间层次对时间尾迹的补偿；
图5示出了沿所估计的运动矢量的方向，使尾迹脱色；
图6与图2相对比，示出了使尾迹脱色的原理图；以及
图7按照本发明示出了设备的电路实现的方框图。
具体实施方式
将参照图3到图7，对本发明的优选实施例进行解释。
由于不可能只通过信号处理使绿色荧光体(最慢的)更快，如图3所示，按照本发明，将使红色和蓝色荧光体变慢。
这等价于在绿色/红色尾迹的后面加上了红色/蓝色(与绿色/红色互补)尾迹，并去除了红色/蓝色区域前面的红色/蓝色区域。结果是，在后面的灰色尾迹和在前面的灰色边缘，干扰不如彩色尾迹/边缘严重。
为了创建要增加的尾迹的形式和数值，已经利用光电二极管对三种荧光体的响应进行了测量。根据这些数值，针对红色和蓝色荧光体元件产生尾迹。
图4A和图4B示出了尾迹的示例，例如，其中由象素P3到P18构成的白色方块在黑色背景上向右每帧移动7个象素。图4A上方的示意图示出了时间n×T时处于一条视频线中的红色、绿色和蓝色象素元件。这里，n是帧号码，而T是帧周期。象素P1和P2是背景象素，因此，未示出任何视频值。象素P3到P18显示白色屏幕的一条线，例如，在使用8比特数值时，视频值为255。
图4A的第二张示意图示出了在时间(n+1)×T+t时，进入屏幕上白色部分P3到P9的黑色背景，其中0＜t＜T。在给定时间，每组7个象素具有相同的数值，而且在该时间周期内，此数值下降。黑色背景在时间(n+1)×T+t时进入白色方块的部分P3到P9之后不久，7个蓝色象素具有数值零，7个红色象素仍然具有中间值，而7个绿色象素仍然具有高亮度值。并未观察到以阴影方式绘出的对应于空间指数函数的数值。
在时间(n+1)×T+t′，其中t′＞t而且0＜t′＜T，如图4A的第三张示意图所示，7个红色和绿色象素P3到P9的数值进一步下降，并在稍后的时间(n+2)×T+t时，如图4B所示，数值仍继续下降，其中黑色背景已经向前移动了另外7个象素P10到P16，使得象素P10到P16的象素值等于图4A的第二张示意图中的象素P3到P9的象素值。
但是，由于人眼跟随着运动，并不会看到7个象素相同的数值，而是看到灰度。这是由于称作动态假轮廓效应的另一效应，已经在诸如欧洲专利申请00250182.3、00250390.2、00250230.0和EP-A-978 817等先前的专利申请中详细地描述了动态假轮廓效应。因此，如图4A和图4B所示，利用可能依赖于运动矢量以及荧光体衰减过程的测量值的空间灰度补偿时间尾迹。例如，通过在从边缘指数下降的蓝色和红色象素上加上驱动值(保持脉冲)来实现空间灰度。在图4A和图4B的示意图中，除了第一幅之外，以阴影形式绘出了这些加上去的数值。
在物体的前面，这种补偿是模拟的，但是，通过增加尾迹并未补偿不同的时间响应，而要通过减少领先的蓝色分量的视频值来补偿。总之，以更多的保持脉冲激活处于运动物体前沿的红色和绿色荧光体以及/或者减少蓝色荧光体的保持脉冲将提供这种补偿。
需要运动估计器以确定要增加的尾迹的方向和幅度。如图5所示，沿着运动矢量所限定的方向，增加与此时预定点上的绿色和蓝色数值之间的估计差成正比的尾迹。应当示出的是，在蓝色分量上增加的数值非线性地下降，例如，以指数下降函数下降。指数下降函数的形式如下：
Corr(x)＝([Bn-Bn+1]/255)*a*Bn*exp(-b*x*v)其中x是尾迹上的象素位置，v是运动矢量长度，Bn是当前象素位置上蓝色分量的视频值，Bn+1是相邻象素位置上蓝色分量的视频值，而a和b是调整常数。缩放因子[Bn-Bn+1]/255用于调整对过渡强度的修正。例如，如果两个相邻象素之间的差较小，修正也将变为零。这使得修正算法易于实现。针对图像的每个象素简单地执行该修正算法。不必实现特定的边缘检测器。
对于给定的板类型，最好进行精确的测量，以便找出最好的调整常数a和b。对于简单的实现，可以使用针对不同运动矢量、存储有修正数值的多个查找表。由运动矢量长度确定要增加的尾迹的长度。如果运动矢量长度为7个象素，则如图5所示，沿运动矢量的反方向，在7个象素上分配要增加的尾迹。这样避免了引入新的假象。
需要用在本补偿方法中的运动估计器可以是提供了每个象素矢量的任何类型的运动估计器。在现有技术中公开过这类运动估计器。例如，从参考文献WO-A-01/24152中已知了特别适用于PDP技术的运动估计器。针对本发明的公开，从而也参考此参考文献。
如果运动方向只是水平的或垂直的，则所公开的公式的应用非常简单。对于其他方向，沿反运动矢量分配修正较为复杂。但是，通过将象素位置的坐标存储在针对每个运动矢量的查找表中，可以避免复杂的计算。例如，如果运动是向右每帧7个象素和向下每帧7个象素，只有沿着反运动矢量的7个象素用于尾迹相加。
图6描述了在白色方块在黑色背景上运动的情况下，对这种算法的实现。在左侧，再次示出了图2所示的图像。在右侧，示出了补偿以后的图像。与图2进行比较，可以看到本发明的处理的结果。位于运动物体前后的荧光体尾迹在长度方面并未改变，但其不自然的彩色显示已经消失。利用这种处理，运动物体看上去更为自然。在此示例中，不仅在运动象素上，而且在运动象素之后的两个象素上进行了对蓝色分量的补偿。
在图7中，示出了本发明的电路实现。将第一帧Fn的输入R、G、B视频数据发送到帧存储器10和运动估计器11。运动估计器11提供针对帧Fn-1的象素的运动矢量数据Vx和Vy。将此信息用在荧光体延迟补偿单元12中。运动估计器11向补偿单元12提供运动矢量数据。利用运动矢量信息，补偿单元12找到具有初始修正值的适当的查找表。将这些数值与缩放因子[Bn-Bn+1]/255相乘，给出最终修正值。
将补偿后的R、G和B分量发送到在控制单元16的控制之下进行子场编码的子场编码单元13。子场代码字存储在存储单元14中。外部控制单元16也控制从和到此存储单元的读写。外部控制单元16还产生用于对单元10到12进行控制的定时信号(未示出)。针对等离子体显示板寻址，从存储装置中读取出子场代码字，并收集针对一行的所有代码字，以便创建可以用于线形PDP寻址的单一的较长代码字。这在串行并行转换单元15中进行。控制单元16产生针对PDP控制的所有扫描和保持脉冲。它接收参考定时的水平和垂直同步信号。
上述技术可以应用于基于针对三种颜色而表现出不同时间响应的源的所有显示器。尤其可以应用于PDP、LCD、OLED和LCOS显示器。
正如背景技术部分中所述，可以通过在时域上修改如蓝色分量等来补偿彩色尾迹。但是，由于此技术与本发明互为补充，二者可以一起应用。

Claims (13)

1、一种对显示在至少包括两类具有不同时间响应的荧光元件(R、G、B)的显示设备(17)上的视频图像进行处理的方法，其特征在于针对表现出与最慢时间响应不同的时间响应的荧光元件(R、B)，选择视频数据，以及修正所述视频数据，以便驱动不属于最慢类型(G)的荧光元件(R、B)，从而人工补偿荧光元件时间响应上的差别。
2、按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于由修正值的空间灰度以所述修正步骤补偿显示装置上运动物体的时间尾迹。
3、按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于还包括以下步骤：检测和/或估计视频图像象素的运动矢量，并修正沿所述运动矢量的方向、位于当前象素前和/或后的预定数目的象素。
4、按照权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于运动矢量长度确定要修正位于当前象素前和/或后的哪些象素。
5、按照权利要求1到4之一所述的方法，其特征在于相对于要显示的物体的边缘，在边缘附近的荧光元件的视频数据上加上指数下降部分，以便补偿所述荧光元件的不同时间响应。
6、按照权利要求1到5之一所述的方法，其特征在于根据以下公式计算位于当前象素后面的象素的所述修正值Corr(x)：
         Corr(x)＝([Bn-Bn+1]/255)*a*Bn*exp(-b*x*v)
其中x是尾迹上的象素位置，v是运动矢量长度，Bn是当前象素位置上不属于最慢类型的颜色分量的视频值，Bn+1是相邻象素位置上不属于最慢类型的颜色分量的视频值，而a和b是调整常数。
7、一种对显示在至少包括两类具有不同时间响应的荧光元件(R、G、B)的显示设备(17)上的视频图像进行处理的设备，其中，一类荧光元件(G)是表现出最慢时间响应的最慢类型的荧光元件，其特征在于补偿单元(12)修正视频数据，以便驱动不属于最慢类型的荧光元件(B、R)，从而人工补偿荧光元件时间响应上的差别。
8、按照权利要求7所述的设备，其特征在于所述补偿单元(12)通过在尾迹的象素上增加空间渐渐转变的修正值，对运动物体的时间尾迹进行补偿。
9、按照权利要求7或8所述的设备，其特征在于还包括运动估计器(11)，提供针对视频图像象素的运动矢量数据。
10、按照权利要求7到9之一所述的设备，其特征在于相对于要显示的物体的边缘，所述补偿装置(12)沿当前象素的估计运动矢量方向，在边缘附近的像素上加上修正值的指数下降部分，以便补偿所述荧光元件的不同时间响应。
11、按照权利要求10所述的设备，其特征在于在查找表中存储针对给定运动矢量的所述指数下降部分。
12、按照权利要求11所述的设备，其特征在于利用缩放因子[Bn-Bn+1]/255调整从查找表中读取出的指数下降部分，其中Bn是当前象素位置上不属于最慢类型的颜色分量的视频值，而Bn+1是相邻象素位置上不属于最慢类型的颜色分量的视频值。
13、一种包括按照权利要求7到12之一所述的用于对视频图像进行处理的设备的显示设备。
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