CN1517729A - Method for manufacturing optical waveguide and connecting structure of optical device - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing optical waveguide and connecting structure of optical device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1517729A CN1517729A CNA2004100028978A CN200410002897A CN1517729A CN 1517729 A CN1517729 A CN 1517729A CN A2004100028978 A CNA2004100028978 A CN A2004100028978A CN 200410002897 A CN200410002897 A CN 200410002897A CN 1517729 A CN1517729 A CN 1517729A
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- optical device
- dihydropyridine
- resin combination
- pyridine derivative
- nitrobenzophenone
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
- G02B6/138—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method by using polymerisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
- F24C7/08—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24C7/082—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices on ranges, e.g. control panels, illumination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3801—Permanent connections, i.e. wherein fibres are kept aligned by mechanical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
- G02B6/4212—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element being a coupling medium interposed therebetween, e.g. epoxy resin, refractive index matching material, index grease, matching liquid or gel
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a process of manufacturing an optical waveguide for optically connecting a plurality of optical devices, comprising the steps of: disposing a resin composition between two or more optical devices, the resin composition comprising a resin and a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, forming an optical path through the resin composition between the optical devices by light having a wavelength capable of inducing a structural change in the 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, and removing the 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative from the resulting resin composition. Also disclosed is a connection structure obtained by the process.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to make the method for optical waveguide and the syndeton of optical device.More particularly, the present invention relates to form a kind of method and the structure that is connected optical device by optical waveguide optical that is used for the optical waveguide of two of light connections or more a plurality of optical device.
Background of invention
With regard to the method that light connects a plurality of optical device, known method is included in to be inserted a kind of material (being called " optical index material " later on) that can change refractive index with the rayed of certain limit wavelength the time and can cause that with having material changes the light of wavelength of its refractive index from the step of at least one optical device irradiates light refraction materials in part between optical device or the whole interval, or insert photosensitive material in part between optical device or the whole interval, and can cause that with having the light of wavelength that material changes its refractive index and do not make material dissolves is from least one optical device irradiation photosensitive material, thereby cause self-focusing with form waveguide between optical device or optically-coupled (referring to, for example patent documentation 1).
Patent documentation 1:JP8-320422A
In patent documentation 1 disclosed method, form optical waveguide or optically-coupled in order to make optical index material self, the refractive index that the optical index material must improve its illuminated part surpasses not illuminated part.For reaching this purpose, need strict kind and the proportioning of selecting the component of formation optical index material, as high or low refraction monomer, sensitizer, polymerization initiator etc.The selection of this prescription bothers very much.
Be used for self at photosensitive material and form under the situation of optical waveguide or optically-coupled, should continue the insoluble part of photosensitive material is carried out development treatment.Therefore, this method relates to the development step amount of the restriction and the increase of technical elements.Thereby in this case, this method also needs very loaded down with trivial details work.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing, an object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly use better simply prescription and make the method for the optical waveguide that is used to connect optical device by reducing the step amount.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of structure that connects optical device by the optical waveguide that is formed by this method.
Other purpose of the present invention and effect will manifest in the following description.
By providing a kind of manufacturing to be used for the method that light connects the optical waveguide of a plurality of optical device, realized above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, this method may further comprise the steps:
Insert resin combination between two or more a plurality of optical device, resin combination comprises resin and 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative,
Can cause 1 with having, the light of the wavelength of 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative structural change between optical device, form by the light path of resin combination and
From the resin combination that obtains, remove 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative.
In a kind of preferred implementation of method, resin comprises that at least one is selected from the member in polyamic acid, polyimide and the polyamide-imides.
In another preferred embodiment, to per 100 parts by weight resin, resin combination comprises 1 of 0.1-30 weight portion, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative.
The invention still further relates to the syndeton of optical device, comprising:
Two or more a plurality of optical device; With
At least one light connects the optical waveguide of optical device, and optical waveguide forms according to the method for arbitrary claim among the claim 1-3.
The accompanying drawing summary
Figure 1A-1D has constituted the process flow diagram of making optical waveguide according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
Figure 1A represents to aim at first optical device that will be connected by light and the step of second optical device along optical path direction with prescribed distance;
Figure 1B is illustrated in the step of inserting the resin combination that is used for the light connection between first and second optical device;
Fig. 1 C represents by resin combination light to be imported to from the output terminal of first optical device step of the input end of second optical device; With
Fig. 1 D represents to remove 1, and the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative is to form the step of optical waveguide, and the resin combination part that wherein forms light path is as the sandwich layer with high index, and remainder is as the covering that has than low-refraction.
Fig. 2 A-2C has constituted the synoptic diagram by V-type groove substrate mechanical registeration optical device, wherein:
Fig. 2 A represents to prepare the step of V-type groove substrate;
Fig. 2 B for the step of the groove of first optical device and second optical device being put into V-type groove substrate with the spacing of regulation and
In being illustrated at interval, Fig. 2 C drips the step of the resin solution that is used for the light connection.
Fig. 3 A-3C illustrates between optical device the step that forms by the light path that is used for the resin combination that light connects, wherein:
Fig. 3 A represents that light enters the state of resin combination;
Fig. 3 B represents the state that light is propagated in resin combination; With
Fig. 3 C represents the spread state of light by resin combination.
Fig. 4 A-4D is illustrated between optical device other embodiment of the step that forms the light path by being used for the resin combination that light connects, wherein:
Fig. 4 A represents the output terminal of light from second optical device, by being used for the resin combination that light connects, imports to the step of the input end of first optical device;
Fig. 4 B represents will be by the light of the output terminal of first optical device emission with by light step of connecting in resin combination of the output terminal emission of second optical device;
Fig. 4 C represents that the light by the emission of the output terminal of first optical device is reflected on the mirror in the resin combination and incides the step of the input end of second optical device; With
Fig. 4 D represents that the light with the output terminal emission of the light of the output terminal of first optical device emission and second optical device reflexes on the mirror in the resin combination to form crooked light path step of connecting.
Fig. 5 has schematically illustrated the device that is used for measuring the light syndeton junction loss that embodiment and Comparative Examples obtain.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
In first step according to the inventive method, will comprise resin and Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydrogen pyridine derivative The resin combination that light connects that is used for be placed between optics.
First step is opened with the preparation of the resin combination that comprises Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydrogen pyridine derivative and resin Begin.
Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydrogen pyridine derivative comprises the compound by formula (I) representative:
Wherein the ortho position of a kind of key being connected with Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydropyridine ring of Ar representative has the aryl of nitro; R1Representative-H ,-CH3、-(CH
2)
nCH
3、-CF
3、-(CF
2)
nCF
3、-C
6H
5、-(CH
2)
nC
6H
5、
-CH
2CH＝CH
2、-OH、-OCH
3、-O(CH
2)
nCH
3、-OCF
3、-O(CF
2)
nCF
3、-OC
6H
5、
-O(CH
2)
nC
6H
5、-COOH、-COOCH
3、-COO(CH
2)
nCH3、-COCH
3、
-CO(CH
2)
nCH
3、-(CH
2)
nOH、-(CH
2)
nCOOH、-NO
X,-F ,-Cl ,-Br or-I; R2And R3, can be identical or different, respectively representative-H ,-CH3、-(CH
2)
nCH
3、-CF
3、-(CF
2)
nCF
3、
-OH、-OCH
3、-O(CH
2)
nCH
3、-OCF
3、-O(CF
2)
nCF
3、-COOCH
3、
-COO(CH
2)
nCH
3、-COCH
3、-CO(CH
2)
nCH
3、-(CH
2)
nOH、-(CH
2)
nCOOH、
-NO
X,-F ,-Cl ,-Br or-I; R4And R5, can be identical or different, respectively representative-H ,-CN ,-COORZ、-COR
ZOr-CONHRZ N represents integer 1-4; RZRepresent hydrogen atom or have 1-6 The alkyl of individual carbon atom.
The preferred 2-nitrobenzene of aryl Ar that has nitro at the ortho position of the key that is connected with Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydropyridine ring Base. R1Preferably-H ,-CH3Or-(CH2)
nCH
3(n is the integer of 1-4). R2And R3Preferably include respectively-H ,-CH3With-(CH2)
nCH
3(n is the integer of 1-4). R4And R5Preferably include respectively-COORZWith-CORZ(R
ZFor hydrogen atom or have the alkyl of 1-6 carbon atom).
Instantiation by the Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydrogen pyridine derivative of formula (I) representative comprises 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethoxy carbonyl Base-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydropyridine, 1-methyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-Dihydropyridine, 1-propyl group-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydropyridine, 1-propyl group-3,5-diethoxy carbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydropyridine, 2,6-dimethyl-3, the 5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydropyridine (nifedipin), 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetyl-4-(2-nitro Phenyl)-and Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydropyridine (acetyl group form) and 1-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetyl-4-(2-nitro Phenyl)-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydropyridine.
These Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydrogen pyridine derivatives can use separately, also can use its two kinds or multiple mixing Thing. Preferred Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydrogen pyridine derivative be those cheap and in the near infrared region (as communication wavelength Useful) in expression only a small amount of the absorption be attributed to the c h bond stretching vibration, 1-ethyl-3 for example, 5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydropyridine. In addition, the distance between the glass optical fiber that will be connected by light Situation under, such as 1000 μ m or longer (preferred 1000-3000 μ m), 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydropyridine (acetyl group form) and 1-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydropyridine is preferred for reducing junction loss.
Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydrogen pyridine derivative for example can be by the benzaldehyde that makes replacement, the alkyl of two times of moles Propionic ester (alkyl propargyl ester (propargylate)) and corresponding primary amine under the counterflow condition in glacial acetic acid The reaction and prepare (referring to Khim Geterotsikl.Soed., 1982,1067-1071).
The resin that uses in the resin combination there is not particular restriction, as long as it can be equably molten as matrix Solution or dispersion Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dihydrogen pyridine derivative get final product. The example of suitable resin comprises: polyamic acid, poly-Acid imide and polyamide-imides, Merlon, polymethacrylates (such as polymethyl methacrylate), Polyester (such as PET), polyether sulfone, polynorbornene, epoxy resin, polyaryl Compound (polyaryl), poly-carbodiimide, PEI, polyesterimide, styrene resin are (such as polyphenyl Ethene, acrylonitritrile-styrene resin and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), poly (arylene ether) (as Polyphenylene ether), poly-allylat compound (polyallylate), polyacetals, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfones, polyethers Ketone (such as polyether-ether-ketone and PEKK), polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, fluororesin (as poly-inclined to one side 1,1-Difluoroethylene resin, hexafluoropropene resin and Hexafluoro acetone resin) and polysilane resins (comprise poly-alkyl silicon Alkane (such as polymethyl silicane), poly-alkyl-cycloalk base silane (such as poly-methyl cyclohexane base silane), polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl base silicon Alkane (such as Polymethylphenylsilane) and poly-aryl aryl-silane (such as polydiphenylsilane).
Consider from the heat resistance angle, wherein preferably polyamic acid, polyimides and polyamide-imides, PEI, polyether-ketone, epoxy resin, poly-carbodiimide, fluororesin and polysilane resins.
Consider wherein preferably also have and introduce the above-mentioned of halogen atom (such as fluorine) wherein from transparent angle Resin, as fluoridize polyamic acid, fluorinated polyimide, fluoridize polyamide-imides, fluorinated epoxy resin And fluororesin.
Particularly, polyamic acid (comprise and fluoridize polyamic acid), polyimide (comprising fluorinated polyimide) and polyamide-imides (comprise and fluoridize polyamide-imides) are useful in practice.
Polyamic acid for example can obtain by making organic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine reactant.
Organic tetracarboxylic dianhydride comprise pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4 '-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2, two (2,3-two carboxy phenyls) the propane dianhydrides, 2 of 2-, 2-two (3,4-two carboxy phenyls) propane dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4 '-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, two (3,4-two carboxy phenyls) ether dianhydride and two (3,4-two carboxy phenyls) sulfonic acid dianhydride.Comprise that also halogen replaces the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of (replacing as fluorine), for example 2,2-two (2,3-two carboxy phenyls) hexafluoropropane dianhydride, 2, two (3, the 4-two carboxy phenyls) hexafluoropropane dianhydrides, 4 of 2-, 4-two (3,4-dicarboxyl trifluoromethoxy phenoxy base) phenyl tetrafluoride dianhydride, 1, two (3,4-dicarboxyl trifluoromethoxy phenoxy base) the phenyl tetrafluoride dianhydrides of 4-, (trifluoromethyl) pyromellitic dianhydride, two (trifluoromethyl) pyromellitic dianhydride and two (seven fluoropropyls) pyromellitic dianhydride.
These organic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides can use separately, also can use wherein two kinds or multiple potpourri.In these organic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride that replaces of halogen preferably.
Diamines comprise m-phenylene diamine, p-phenylenediamine (PPD), 3,4 '-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4 '-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4 '-diamino-diphenyl sulfone, 3,3 '-diamino-diphenyl sulfone, 2, two (the 4-amino-benzene oxygen phenyl) propane, 1 of 2-, two (4-amino-benzene oxygen) benzene, 1 of 3-, two (4-amino-benzene oxygen) benzene, 2 of 4-, 4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, 4,4 '-diaminodiphenyl-methane and 4,4 '-diamido-2,2 '-dimethyl diphenyl.Comprise that also halogen replaces the diamines of (replacing as fluorine), for example 2,2 '-two (trifluoromethoxy)-4,4 '-benzidine (TFMOB), 3,3 '-diamido-5,5 '-two (trifluoromethyl) biphenyl, 2, two (4-aminophenyl) HFC-236fa (BAAF) of 2-, 2, two [4-(4-amino-benzene oxygen) phenyl] HFC-236fa (HFBAPP) of 2-, 2,2 '-two (trifluoromethyl)-4,4 '-benzidine (TFMB), 2, two (the 3-amino-4-hydroxy phenyl) HFC-236fa (BIS-AP-AF) of 2-, 2, two (3-amino-4-aminomethyl phenyl) HFC-236fa (BIS-AT-AF) of 2-, 2,2 '-DfBP amine (FBZ), 4,4 '-two (amino octafluoro) biphenyl, 3, and 5-diamido benzotrifluoride (3,5-diaminobenzofrifluoride) with 1,3-diamido-2,4,5, the 6-phenyl tetrafluoride.
These diamines can use separately, also can use wherein two kinds or multiple potpourri.The diamines that replaces of halogen preferably.
Polyamic acid can obtain by organic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamines are reacted in known manner.For example, by under inert atmosphere and 250 ℃ or lower temperature, preferably from room temperature (25 ℃) to 80 ℃, in reaction dissolvent, stirred the organic tetracarboxylic dianhydride almost wait mol ratio and the about 5-20 of diamines individual hour, to obtain being the polyamic acid of viscous solution form.
Reaction dissolvent there is not particular restriction, as long as the polyamic acid that can dissolve two kinds of raw materials (organic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamines) and obtain.The suitable solvent comprises polar solvent, for example N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-diethyl acetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.These polar solvents can use separately, also can use wherein two kinds or multiple potpourri.In the polar solvent of enumerating, N,N-dimethylacetamide preferably, it has the gratifying heat resistanceheat resistant decomposability and the good transparency.
The polyamic acid that obtains like this has the weight-average molecular weight of about 5000-500000 usually, is preferably 10000-150000.Form with reaction dissolvent solution obtains polyamic acid, calculates it and occupies ratio (solid content) and be generally 1-50wt%, is preferably 5-30wt%.
In polyamic acid, preferably those comprise the polyamic acid by the repetitive of the formula of listing below (II) representative, because its refractive index is low, help to control sandwich layer in the optical waveguide configurations that describes below and the refringence between the covering.
R wherein
6Representative be selected from (2a), (2b) that list below, (2c) and (2d) in quadrivalent organic radical group; R
7Representative be selected from (2e), (2f) that list below, (2g) and (2g) in divalent organic group.
Compare with the polyamic acid of Halogen not, the polyamic acid that contains halogen atom (as fluorine) in its molecule that tetracarboxylic dianhydride and/or the halogen that uses halogen to replace (replacing as fluorine) replaces the diamines preparation of (replacing as fluorine) has the transparency of improvement, and therefore reduced to mix with it 1, the requirement of 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative.In addition, comprise the polyamic acid that contains halogen resin combination, even under the exposure dose that reduces, enough sensitivity is also arranged to produce enough refringences as matrix resin.
For example, another example of polyimide substrate resin can obtain by the above-mentioned polyamic acid of imidizate according to conventional method.Also example polyamide-imides of matrix resin can obtain by part imidizate polyamic acid according to conventional method.In polyimide and polyamide-imide resin, those resins that contain halogen atom (as fluorine) in its molecule have the advantage same with the polyamic acid of Halogen.That is to say, can reduce to mix 1, the amount of 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative, even and under the exposure dose that reduces, resin combination also has enough sensitivity to produce enough refringences.
Be used for resin combination that light connects and be by with 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative is blended in the matrix resin and prepares.To per 100 parts by weight resin, sneak into 1, the amount of 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative is generally the 0.1-30 weight portion, is preferably the 1-5 weight portion.When 1, the amount of 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative is during less than 0.1 part, and resin combination is at illuminated portion and can not produce enough refringences that is used to form optical waveguide between illuminated portion.If 1, the amount of 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative surpasses 30 weight portions, then composition is tending towards having the uptake of increase in the near-infrared region.
To 1, the mode that the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative is blended in the resin does not have particular restriction.For example, mix 1,4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative and resin by in the organic solvent that can dissolve them, stirring.If use the resin (as above-mentioned polyamic acid solution) of previously prepared solution form, then can be with 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative joins in the resin solution with above-mentioned predetermined ratio, mixes then.
When resin combination is made solution, preferably the viscosity of solution is adjusted to for example about 2-50Pa.s, preferably about 5-20Pa.s.
In first step according to the inventive method, with being used for of obtaining resin combination that light connects place and want between the connected optical device.
The attachable optical device of technology according to the present invention includes, but not limited to optical fiber (single-mode fiber and multimode optical fiber), optical waveguide, light emitting devices such as laser diode and optical receiving set spare as photodiode.
The mode of inserting resin combination between optical device there is not particular restriction.For example, shown in Figure 1A, first optical device 1 of light to connect and second optical device 3 are placed with certain interval, and the former end 4 that inputs or outputs that inputs or outputs the end 2 and the latter is faced with each other.Then, shown in Figure 1B, resin combination 5 is inserted the inputing or outputing of end 2 and second optical device 3 that input or output of first optical device 1 and hold between 4.
First and second optical device 1 and 3 that use in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 are optical fiber.First optical device 1 is made of the sandwich layer 1a of the height refraction of column and the covering 1b of the low refraction cylindraceous around the whole sandwich layer 1a of coating.Input or output end 2 the ends that input or output corresponding to sandwich layer 1a.Equally, second optical device 3 is made of the sandwich layer 3a of the height refraction of column and the covering 3b of the low refraction cylindraceous around the whole sandwich layer 3a of coating.Input or output end 4 the ends that input or output corresponding to sandwich layer 3a.
Can utilize based on light beam to go into and effective alignment system of detecting makes and inputs or outputs first optical device 1 and second optical device 3 that end faces with each other and aim at.Consider that from economic angle the preferred V-type groove aligner that uses the aligning by image processing and utilize V-type groove substrate is as the aligning servicing unit that is used to aim at optical fiber etc.
Shown in Fig. 2 A, using V-type groove base plate alignment is to be begun having V-type groove 7 on the direction (vertically) of aiming at first optical device 1 and second optical device 3 by preparation V-type groove substrates such as synthetic silicas.Shown in Fig. 2 B, in V-type groove 7, place first and second optical device 1 and 3, and their end that inputs or outputs is faced with each other with predetermined interval.Like this, at substrate 6, can aim at the optical device that will connect reliably by means of V-type groove with simple structure.
4 the distance (at interval) of end that inputs or outputs that inputs or outputs end 2 and second optical device 3 to first optical device 1 does not have particular restriction, if from the luminous energy transmission of arbitrary end emission by resin combination 5 and incide the other end.This distance is generally 30mm or shorter, is preferably 1mm or shorter, more preferably 100 μ m or shorter.When distance was longer than 30mm, light transmission may must make the light of launching from an end can not incide the other end fully greatly by the loss of resin combination 5.
To built-in mode of going into resin combination 5 does not have particular restriction at first and second optical device 1 and 3 s' interval.For example, when using solid resinous composition, can be in the interval with its dab.When using the solution form, solution can be splashed in the gap.In either case, two gaps between optical device are full of fully.
Fig. 2 C representative splashes into example in the gap between first and second optical device 1 and 3 of aligning the groove 7 of V-type groove substrate 6 in the resin combination 5 of solution form.
In second step of this method, have and can make 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative changes the light transmission of wavelength of its structure through resin combination, to form light path between optical device.
The light that is used for light path formation is not had particular restriction, as long as its wavelength can make 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative stands structural change and gets final product when illuminated.Can use various laser as light source.According to 1, the laser that the structure choice of 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative will be used.For example, 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative is a 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1,4-dihydropyridine, 2,6-dimethyl-3, when 5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1,4-dihydropyridine etc., they stand structural change in absorbing wavelength for the light time of about 300-500nm, can use the Laser emission light of the wavelength in this scope, as He-Cd laser or Ar laser.
Except that laser, the light that is used for the emissions such as high-pressure sodium lamp of common exposure and optically focused also is useful.
Shown in Fig. 1 C, first optical device 1 is passed through in the input end 2a (tab character " a " will be used for input end hereinafter, and " b " is used for output terminal) and the transmission that make light import first optical device 1.By resin combination 5, and incide the input end 4a of second optical device 3 by the light transmission of the output terminal 2b of first optical device 1 emission, transmission is by second optical device 3, penetrates from the output terminal 4b of second optical device 3.
From the propagation (seeing Fig. 3 B) resin combination 5 in of the no scattering of the light (seeing Fig. 3 A) of the output terminal 2b of first optical device 1 emission ground, and reach input end 4a (seeing Fig. 3 C) the formation light path 8 of second optical device 3.
Light by and form 1 of light path 8 parts, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative has stood structural change, becomes following follow-up removing to be difficult to the material removed in the step.
During irradiation, 1, the different structure that the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative stands changes the structure that depends on compound.But,, can mention that the release of hydrogen atom on 1-and the 4-position makes pyridine ring change into Kai Kule (Kekule) structure as the example of structural change.
Optical propagation direction during light path forms be not limited in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 C like that.Opposite light direction that can be shown in Fig. 4 A, wherein from the light transmission of the output terminal 4b emission of second optical device 3 by resin combination 5, and incide the input end 2a of first optical device 1.Shown in Fig. 4 B, it also is effective that light is imported from two directions, wherein light is introduced the input end 2a of first optical device 1 and the input end 4a of second optical device 3 respectively, transmission is by first and second optical device 1 and 3, penetrate from the output terminal 2b of first optical device 1 and the output terminal 4b of second optical device 3 respectively again, and transmission is by resin combination 5.It is favourable that this two-way light path is formed on light path 8 aspects that can form between the optical device than long.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 C, 4A and the 4B, optical device is aimed to form linear light path 8 at same axle.In addition, can shown in Fig. 4 C and 4D, form crooked light path.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 C and the 4D, the placement of first optical device 1 and second optical device 3 is to make their axle form predetermined angular, mirror 9 is placed near the point of crossing of axle, and resin combination 5 is inserted in the interval of first and second optical device 1 and 3, simultaneously mirror 9 is covered the inside.In the embodiment of Fig. 4 C, reflect from the mirror 9 of light resin combination 5 in of the output terminal 2b of first optical device emission, and the input end 4a that enters second optical device 3 is to form crooked light path 8.In the embodiment of Fig. 4 D, light with Fig. 4 B in same mode respectively from the output terminal 4b emission of the output terminal 2b and second optical device 3 of first optical device, and on mirror 9, reflect to form crooked light path 8.According to these embodiments,, also can connect optical device by light even linear light path can not be formed because of some restrictions of existence such as layout calculation the time.
Although not shown, between every pair of adjacent optical device, form light path 8 by above-mentioned the same manner, can connect three or more optical device.
Can be according to 1, the distances between the kind of 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative and resin and amount, light wavelength and the optical device that will be connected etc. are determined the exposure used aptly.
In the 3rd step of this method, with 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative is removed from resin combination.
1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative is not usually to need to remove fully.As long as satisfy 1, the degree that the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative removes the illuminated portion that goes to the resin combination that can cause being used to form optical waveguide and do not produce enough refringences between illuminated portion gets final product.
Remove 1, the method for 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative includes, but not limited to (a) extraction and (b) heating.
By for example removing of extraction, can be according to solvent-extracted conventional steps, can dissolve 1 by using, the organic solvent of 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative and carrying out.The supercritical extract of using supercritical fluid such as carbon dioxide also is effective.
By extraction, do not stand 1 of structural change, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative extracts from the not illuminated portion of resin combination, and stands 1 of structural change, and the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative then is retained in the illuminated portion of resin combination.
Heating and to remove be by at for example 150-250 ℃, preferred 170-240 ℃ of heating resin combination and carrying out down.
By heating, do not stand 1 of structural change, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative evaporates from the not illuminated portion of resin combination, and stands 1 of structural change, and the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative then is retained in the illuminated portion of resin combination.
Thereby, standing structural change and be retained in 1 in the light path (being illuminated part), the concentration of 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative becomes to be higher than and does not stand 1 of structural change (promptly not illuminated part), 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative.Therefore, light path has the refractive index higher than remainder in the resin combination.Shown in Fig. 1 D, so just formed by forming light path 8 and, being connected thereby first optical device 1 is carried out light with second optical device 3 as the part of sandwich layer 10 with as having the optical waveguide of forming than the remainder of the covering 11 of low-refraction 12 with high index.
For example, when formation optical waveguide 12 is single mode, the refractive index of sandwich layer represents that with n1 the refractive index of covering is represented with n2, available formula: the refractive index contrast Δ (%) of Δ=(n1-n2)/n1 * 100 expressions is represented the refringence of 11 of the sandwich layer 10 of optical waveguide 12 and coverings.Refractive index contrast Δ preferable range is 0.2-0.5%.
Remove 1 at the resin combination of inserting with the solution form, during the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative, preferably resin combination is preheating to for example about 80-120 ℃, to remove the organic solvent in the solution in advance by heating.
Heating contain polyamic acid as the resin combination of matrix resin to remove 1, during the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative, removing 1, in the time of the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative, make polyamic acid carry out imidizate because of adding heat energy, thereby make optical waveguide 12 have the thermotolerance of raising.If heating is in above-mentioned 150-250 ℃ temperature range, the then evaporation of the polar solvent in the polyamic acid solution, most of polyamic acid imidizate causes the thermotolerance that improves simultaneously.Further heating in the time of 300-400 ℃ causes the complete imidizate of polyamic acid, has further improved thermotolerance.
The method according to this invention, can be by inserting simply by 1 between connected optical device, the resin combination of 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative and resins, form the light path by resin combination and remove 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative forms optical waveguide between a plurality of optical device, thereby optical device light is connected.
In a word, method of the present invention needs the strict prescription of selecting to be used for the self-forming optical waveguide.What need is by 1, and 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative and matrix resin prepare resin combination.By remove 1 from resin combination, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative can easily produce refringence, to form reliable optical waveguide between illuminated part (light path) and not illuminated part simply.Use better simply prescription, by the minimizing number of steps, and do not relate to development treatment, the reliable light that just can obtain optical device connects.Therefore, smooth syndeton of the present invention cheap, be easy to make and reliable.
Waveguide fabrication method of the present invention is applicable to the light connection of various optical device and does not have particular restriction.The optical waveguide that can form by this method comprises straight waveguide, curved waveguide and crossing waveguide.
The optical device of syndeton of the present invention comprises that wavelength filter, photoswitch, optical branch parts, light converge parts, optical branch/converge parts, image intensifer, wavelength shifter, Wavelength Assignment device, beam splitter, directional coupler and have laser diode or the hybrid optical transport module of photodiode.
Embodiment
To illustrate in greater detail the present invention with reference to following examples, but should not think that the present invention is limited.
1) preparation of resin combination
With 16.0g (0.05mol) 2,2 '-two (trifluoromethyl)-4,4 '-benzidine and 152.8g N,N-dimethylacetamide put into the divided flask of 500ml, prepare solution under nitrogen atmosphere.
When stirring, in solution, add 22.2g (0.05mol) 2, two (3, the 4-two carboxy phenyls) hexafluoropropane dianhydrides of 2-, and at room temperature stir the mixture 24 hours with the preparation polyamic acid solution.
In polyamic acid solution, add 1.91g 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1,4-dihydropyridine (be equivalent to per 100 parts of polyamic acid solids and count 5 parts) is with the resin combination of preparation solution form.
2) connection of optical fiber
Make the V-type groove substrate (groove depth: 20mm of synthetic silica as shown in Figure 2; Groove angle: 60 °).With external diameter be 125 μ m (core diameter: single mode glass optical fiber 9.5 μ m) and multimode glass fiber (core diameter: 50.0 μ m) in the V-type groove with the range-aligned of 100 μ m, 500 μ m, 1000 μ m and 1500 μ m.By dripping so that the gap between optical fiber is full of the resin combination for preparing above.
With resin combination under 100 ℃ dry in advance 20 minutes.Will be by the laser (wavelength: about 490nm) incide on the single mode glass optical fiber, transmit, and penetrate, continue 5 minutes of collector lens optically focused from multimode glass fiber by resin combination.
In the laser irradiation process, under stereo microscope, observe two end faces that glass optical fiber is faced mutually.Discovery is launched blue rectilinear light beam from the output terminal of single mode glass optical fiber, and resin combination is passed through in no scattering ground transmission, and enters the input end of multimode glass fiber.
Resin combination was heated 10 minutes down at 180 ℃, from resin combination, to remove remaining organic solvent and 1,4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative, and imidizate polyamic acid.In the heating process, the stereoscopic microscope observing of the opposing end surface of glass optical fiber confirms that the part that laser passes through (forming the part of light path) flavescence a little this means that sandwich layer forms.
Further heated resin combination 1 hour down with 300 ℃ in a vacuum, to finish the imidizate of polyamic acid.
3) test
The junction loss of the syndeton that the use semiconductor laser measures.As shown in Figure 5, will be from the laser (wavelength: 1.55 μ m (5mW)), be incorporated into the single mode glass optical fiber, transmit light connection, and penetrate of semiconductor emission from multimode glass fiber by making by resin combination by collector lens.Detect emission light to obtain optical loss with infrared detector (photodiode).The result is as follows.
Between glass optical fiber apart from junction loss
100μm 0.2dB
500μm 0.4dB
1000μm 0.9dB
1500μm 1.4dB
Comparative Examples 1
According to mode light connection glass optical fiber similarly to Example 1, except do not add 1-ethyl-3 in resin solution, 5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1 is outside the 4-dihydropyridine.As follows according to the optical loss that mode is similarly to Example 1 measured.
Between glass optical fiber apart from junction loss
100μm 1.2dB
500μm 2.2dB
1000μm 5.7dB
1500μm 9.8dB
Comparative Examples 2
Use with embodiment 1 in identical glass optical fiber, but do not connect with resin combination light.Because the optical loss that cause the clearance between glass optical fiber is as follows.
Between glass optical fiber apart from junction loss
100μm 2.3dB
500μm 9.5dB
1000μm 18.0dB
1500 μ m＞20.0dB (immeasurability)
1) preparation of resin combination
With 16.0g (0.05mol) 2,2 '-two (trifluoromethyl)-4,4 '-benzidine and 152.8g N,N-dimethylacetamide put into the divided flask of 500ml, prepare solution under nitrogen atmosphere.When stirring, in solution, add 22.2g (0.05mol) 2, two (3, the 4-two carboxy phenyls) hexafluoropropane dianhydrides of 2-, and at room temperature stir the mixture 24 hours with the preparation polyamic acid solution.
With N,N-dimethylacetamide polyamic acid solution being diluted to solid content is 10%.Add in the dilute solution with 1.2 times pyridine and acetic anhydride, chemically the imidizate polyamic acid with the carboxylic acid equivalent of polyamic acid.With big water gaging and the isopropyl alcohol polyimide of washing precipitation in succession, filter and collect, and dry under 65 ℃ and reduced pressure, to obtain the white plates polyimide.
The polyimide that obtains is dissolved in the N,N-dimethylacetamide, and concentration is 20%.In per 100 parts of polyamic acid solids, in solution, add 5 parts of 1-ethyls-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1, the 4-dihydropyridine is with the resin combination of preparation solution form.
2) connection of optical fiber
Make the V-type groove substrate (groove depth: 20mm of synthetic silica as shown in Figure 2; Groove angle: 60 °).With external diameter be 125 μ m (core diameter: single mode glass optical fiber 9.5 μ m) and multimode glass fiber (core diameter: 50.0 μ m) in the V-type groove with the range-aligned of 100 μ m, 500 μ m, 1000 μ m and 1500 μ m.By dripping so that the gap between optical fiber is full of the resin combination for preparing above.
With resin combination under 100 ℃ dry in advance 20 minutes.Will be by the laser (wavelength: about 490nm) incide on the single mode glass optical fiber, transmit, and penetrate, continue 5 minutes of collector lens optically focused from multimode glass fiber by resin combination.
In the laser irradiation process, under stereo microscope, observe the end face of facing of two glass optical fibers.Discovery is launched blue rectilinear light beam from the output terminal of single mode glass optical fiber, and resin combination is passed through in no scattering ground transmission, and enters the input end of multimode glass fiber.
With resin combination 180 ℃ of down heating 10 minutes, then in vacuum and 220 ℃ heating 1 hour down, from resin combination, to remove remaining organic solvent and 1,4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative.
3) test
The junction loss of the syndeton that measures according to similarly to Example 1 mode.The result who obtains is as follows.
Between glass optical fiber apart from junction loss
100μm 0.4dB
500μm 0.7dB
1000μm 1.2dB
1500μm 2.0dB
According to two multimode glass fibers of mode light connection similarly to Example 1.As follows according to the optical loss that mode is similarly to Example 1 measured.
Between glass optical fiber apart from junction loss
100μm 0.3dB
500μm 0.5dB
1000μm 1.1dB
1500μm 1.7dB
Embodiment 4
Connect two glass optical fibers according to similarly to Example 1 mode light, except by in per 100 parts of polyamic acid solids, adding 10 parts of 1-ethyls-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1, the 4-dihydropyridine prepares resin combination.Optical loss is as follows.
Between glass optical fiber apart from junction loss
100μm 0.3dB
500μm 0.4dB
1000μm 1.2dB
1500μm 1.9dB
According to two glass optical fibers of mode light connection similarly to Example 1, except the distance of two single mode glass optical fibers being aimed at and change between optical fiber-optical fiber is 10 μ m, 30m and 50 μ m.The optical loss that the light that obtains connects is as follows.
Between glass optical fiber apart from junction loss
10μm 0.4dB
30μm 0.5dB
50μm 0.8dB
Comparative Examples 3
According to two glass optical fibers of mode light connection similarly to Example 5, except do not add 1-ethyl-3 in resin solution, 5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1 is outside the 4-dihydropyridine.Optical loss is as follows.
Between glass optical fiber apart from junction loss
10μm 1.3dB
30μm 2.5dB
50μm 5.8dB
Embodiment 6
Connect glass optical fiber according to similarly to Example 1 mode light, except with 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1,4-dihydropyridine replacement 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1 is outside the 4-dihydropyridine.Because it is as follows that light connects the optical loss that causes.
Between glass optical fiber apart from junction loss
100μm 0.2dB
500μm 0.4dB
1000μm 0.8dB
1500μm 1.5dB
10.0g (0.05mol) 4,4 '-oxydiphenyl amine and 118.5g N,N-dimethylacetamide are put into the divided flask of 500ml, in nitrogen atmosphere, prepare solution.When stirring, in solution, add 10.9g (0.05mol) pyromellitic dianhydride, and at room temperature stir the mixture 24 hours with the preparation polyamic acid solution.
In polyamic acid solution, add 2.09g 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1,4-dihydropyridine (be equivalent to per 100 parts of polyamic acid solids and count 10 parts) is with the resin combination of preparation solution form.
According to mode similarly to Example 1, use the resin combination light that obtains to connect glass optical fiber.As follows according to the optical loss that mode is similarly to Example 1 measured.
Between glass optical fiber apart from junction loss
100μm 0.3dB
500μm 0.5dB
1000μm 1.2dB
1500μm 1.7dB
Connect glass optical fiber according to similarly to Example 1 mode light, except with 2,6-dimethyl-3; 5-diacetyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1; 4-dihydropyridine (acetyl group form) replaces 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1,4-dihydropyridine.Because it is as follows that light connects the optical loss that causes.In this embodiment, be that the situation of 2000 μ m and 3000 μ m is measured also to the distance between glass optical fiber.
Between glass optical fiber apart from junction loss
100μm 0.2dB
500μm 0.2dB
1000μm 0.5dB
1500μm 0.8dB
2000μm 1.2dB
3000μm 3.0dB
According to mode light connection glass optical fiber similarly to Example 1, except using 1-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl-3; 5-diacetyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1; the 4-dihydropyridine replaces 1-ethyl-3, and 5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1 is outside the 4-dihydropyridine.Because it is as follows that light connects the optical loss that causes.In this embodiment, be that the situation of 2000 μ m and 3000 μ m is measured also to the distance between glass optical fiber.
Between glass optical fiber apart from junction loss
100μm 0.2dB
500μm 0.3dB
1000μm 0.7dB
1500μm 1.2dB
2000μm 2.0dB
3000μm 4.5dB
The method according to this invention does not need the strict prescription of selecting to form optical waveguide.What need is by 1, and 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative and matrix resin prepare resin combination.After light path forms, can be simply by from resin combination, removing 1,4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative and easily between illuminated part (light path) and not illuminated part, produce refringence, thus form reliable optical waveguide.Thereby, use simple formulation, by a spot of step only, the light of just guaranteeing to finish optical device connects.Therefore, optical device syndeton of the present invention cheap, be easy to make and reliable.
Although described the present invention in detail with reference to embodiment, concerning those skilled in the art, under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, obviously can make various changes and change.
The Japanese patent application 2003-15533 that the application submitted to based on January 24th, 2003 introduces its content here as a reference.
Claims (12)
1. a manufacturing is used for the method that light connects the optical waveguide of a plurality of optical device, may further comprise the steps:
Insert resin combination between two or more a plurality of optical device, resin combination comprises resin and 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative,
Can cause 1 with having, the light of the wavelength of 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative structural change between optical device, form by the light path of resin combination and
From the resin combination that obtains, remove 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein, resin combination comprises at least one and is selected from by the member in polyamic acid, polyimide and the polyamide-imides.
3. according to the process of claim 1 wherein, to per 100 parts by weight resin, resin combination comprises 1 of 0.1-30 weight portion, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative.
4. according to the method for claim 3, wherein, to per 100 parts by weight resin, resin combination comprises 1 of 1-5 weight portion, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative.
5. according to the process of claim 1 wherein 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative comprises the compound by formula (I) representative:
Wherein Ar representative is a kind of with 1, and the ortho position of the key that the 4-dihydropyridine ring connects has the aryl of nitro; R
1Representative-H ,-CH
3,-(CH
2)
nCH
3,-CF
3,-(CF
2)
nCF
3,-C
6H
5,-(CH
2)
nC
6H
5,-CH
2CH=CH
2,-OH ,-OCH
3,-O (CH
2)
nCH
3,-OCF
3,-O (CF
2)
nCF
3,-OC
6H
5,-O (CH
2)
nC
6H
5,-COOH ,-COOCH
3,-COO (CH
2)
nCH
3,-COCH
3,-CO (CH
2)
nCH
3,-(CH
2)
nOH ,-(CH
2)
nCOOH ,-NO
x,-F ,-Cl ,-Br or-I; R
2And R
3, can be identical or different, respectively representative-H ,-CH
3,-(CH
2)
nCH
3,-CF
3,-(CF
2)
nCF
3,-OH ,-OCH
3,-O (CH
2)
nCH
3,-OCF
3,-O (CF
2)
nCF
3,-COOCH
3,-COO (CH
2)
nCH
3,-COCH
3,-CO (CH
2)
nCH
3,-(CH
2)
nOH ,-(CH
2)
nCOOH ,-NO
X,-F ,-Cl ,-Br or-I; R
4And R
5, can be identical or different, respectively representative-H ,-CN ,-COOR
Z,-COR
ZOr-CONHR
ZN represents integer 1-4; R
ZRepresent hydrogen atom or have the alkyl of 1-6 carbon atom.
6. according to the method for claim 5, R wherein
1For-H ,-CH
3Or-(CH
2)
nCH
3, R
2And R
3Respectively representative-H ,-CH
3Or-(CH
2)
nCH
3, R
4And R
5Representative-COOR respectively
ZWith-COR
Z, R wherein
ZFor hydrogen atom or have the alkyl of 1-6 carbon atom, n is the integer of 1-4.
7. according to the method for claim 5; wherein 1; the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative comprises at least a 1-of being selected from ethyl-3; 5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1; the 4-dihydropyridine; 1-methyl-3; 5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1, the 4-dihydropyridine; 1-propyl group-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1; the 4-dihydropyridine; 1-propyl group-3; 5-diethoxy carbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1, the 4-dihydropyridine; 2,6-dimethyl-3; 5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1; the 4-dihydropyridine; 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1; 4-dihydropyridine and 1-ethyl-2; 6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1, the compound in the 4-dihydropyridine.
8. according to the method for claim 7, wherein 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative comprises 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1,4-dihydropyridine.
9. according to the method for claim 7, wherein 1, the 4-dihydrogen pyridine derivative comprises 2; 6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1,4-dihydropyridine and 1-ethyl-2; 6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetyl-4-(2-nitrobenzophenone)-1, at least a in the 4-dihydropyridine.
10. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that resin comprises that at least one is selected from a member in polyamic acid, polyimide and the polyamide-imides.
11. according to the method for claim 10, wherein resin is fluoridized.
12. the syndeton of an optical device comprises:
Two or more a plurality of optical device; With
At least one light connects the optical waveguide of optical device, and optical waveguide is the method formation according to arbitrary claim among the claim 1-11.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003015533 | 2003-01-24 | ||
| JP015533/2003 | 2003-01-24 | ||
| JP015533/03 | 2003-01-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1517729A true CN1517729A (en) | 2004-08-04 |
| CN100339732C CN100339732C (en) | 2007-09-26 |
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ID=32588676
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100028978A Expired - Fee Related CN100339732C (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2004-01-20 | Method for manufacturing optical waveguide and connecting structure of optical device |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7641821B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1441243A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100944310B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100339732C (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110741294A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2020-01-31 | 日本电信电话株式会社 | Connection structure of optical waveguide chip |
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| JP2006036930A (en) * | 2004-07-27 | 2006-02-09 | Nitto Denko Corp | Resin for encapsulating optical semiconductor element |
| US7742670B2 (en) | 2007-10-01 | 2010-06-22 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Index-matching gel for nanostructure optical fibers and mechanical splice assembly and connector using same |
| US7628548B2 (en) | 2007-10-01 | 2009-12-08 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Index-matching gel for nanostructure optical fibers and mechanical splice assembly and connector using same |
| US7949219B1 (en) * | 2008-03-24 | 2011-05-24 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Self forming waveguides for optical coupling and methodologies for making same |
| PL233284B1 (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2019-09-30 | Wojskowa Akad Tech | Method for producing a polymer converter for joining optical fibres and the polymer converter for joining optical fibres |
| US10487496B2 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2019-11-26 | Robert Joe Alderman | Reflective temperature modulating blanket and architecture |
| WO2020209364A1 (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2020-10-15 | アダマンド並木精密宝石株式会社 | Optical connector and method for manufacturing optical connector |
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2004
- 2004-01-19 KR KR1020040003855A patent/KR100944310B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-01-20 CN CNB2004100028978A patent/CN100339732C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-21 US US10/760,389 patent/US7641821B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-21 EP EP04001216A patent/EP1441243A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110741294A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2020-01-31 | 日本电信电话株式会社 | Connection structure of optical waveguide chip |
| US11036015B2 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2021-06-15 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Connection structure of optical waveguide chips |
| CN110741294B (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2021-11-12 | 日本电信电话株式会社 | Connection structure of optical waveguide chip |
| US11493705B2 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2022-11-08 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Connection structure of optical waveguide chips |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100944310B1 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
| US7641821B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 |
| CN100339732C (en) | 2007-09-26 |
| US20040178522A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
| EP1441243A1 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
| KR20040068470A (en) | 2004-07-31 |
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