CN1514209A - Rotary machine failure intelligent diagnosis method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The system comprises preprocessing board connecting key phase signal to fast signal, key phase board controlling whole period of sampling, high speed collecting board for vibration signal, low speed data collecting board for graded signal. In the method, they are connected to down level server to fulfil data collection, signal analysis, and automatic identification as well as picking up characteristic parameters of operatino of machine set and down level server can make high speed communication with up level server through network card or IP protocol as up level server is equipped with an intelligent reasoning machine integrating professional knowledge rule, fuzzy logic and neural network in one component to carry trend prediction and intelligent diagnosis for operation and failure of machine.

Description

Rotating machinery fault intelligent diagnosing method and device

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of rotating machinery fault intelligent diagnosing method and device.

Background technology:

Along with developing rapidly of science and technology, resemble the maximization day by day of large rotating machinery equipment, high speeds, complicated such as steam turbine, generator, fan blower, compressor, its possibility or probability that produces fault increases.Therefore, in time predict the rotating machinery degradation trend, carry out intelligent fault diagnosis forecast and processing rapidly, and progressively realize remote diagnosis, have important Practical significance.

At present external fault diagnosis system has the CSI2115/1900/2000 of CSI company, the CMVA40/20/10 of SKF-CM company, the Suapshot of Bently company, the data PAC1500 of Entek-IRD company, EDL (EMONITOR dataline), EBL (EMONITOR, baseline) HP3560A of Hewlett-Packard Corporation, Denmark B﹠amp; The PL22/202/302 in-circuit diagnostic system of the BK2515 of K company, Britain DI company has the TDM/DDM/PDM of Bently company, ADR3, Trend Master 2000, System 64, the M8000 of SKF-CM company, the System 501 of Switzerland Vibro-Meter company, the HMH of MIT; There is the MMMD-III of Harbin Institute of Technology in domestic monitoring and diagnosis system, the VCMDS-III of Shanghai Communications University, the DEST of the RB-20 of Xi'an Communications University, the BB-1 of Tsing-Hua University, the Central China University of Science and Technology, the CDMS-90 of University Of Chongqing, the CMD-2 of Zhejiang University etc.But the diagnostic method of these systems all exists equipment failure position and the failure cause will be with expert's experience artificial judgment; " bottleneck " of knowledge representation and utilization, man-machine interface is flexible poor; The systematic learning ability can not be assessed effectively, perfect, expansion expertise; Scarcely possess artificial intelligence, lack problems such as explanation function test result." large rotating machine set on line state monitoring and fault diagnosis system " (ZL97102397.2) proposed a kind of large rotating machine set on line state monitoring and fault diagnosis system that is made of Signal Pretreatment plate, high-speed data acquisition card, upper and lower computer, can realize collection, supervision and fault diagnosis to data, but this system still is the experience artificial judgment with the tester, do not have corresponding expert knowledge library and intellgence reasoning machine, do not possess the intelligent diagnostics function.

Summary of the invention:

The objective of the invention is to design a cover with sensor, signals collecting pre-processed board, data collecting card, industrial computer the rotating machinery on-line condition monitoring and the intelligent fault diagnosis system that constitute up and down, key signal, fast changed signal, tempolabile signal and the switching signal of utilizing various sensor to arrive, by analyzing and handling on-line monitoring and the fault diagnosis that realizes equipment running status, has self-checking function simultaneously;

Another object of the present invention is that the physics law of system and mathematical model are combined, utilize the domain-specialist knowledge storehouse and constitute the intelligent inference engine, realize the intelligent diagnostics of equipment failure by expertise rule-based reasoning machine, fuzzy logic inference machine and neural network inference machine;

A further object of the present invention is to realize that graphical fuzzy neural network expertise expresses, and makes that expertise increases, deletion, revises more conveniently, and reasoning process is more transparent, overcomes the problem that exists in the background technology.

The technical solution used in the present invention:

1, the rotating machinery fault intelligent diagnosing method carries out according to the following steps:

1) signals collecting and pre-service are handled accordingly the signal of sensor acquisition, and analog signal conversion are become digital signal;

2) real time monitoring and state recognition, the digital signal that obtains set state information is carried out frequency domain, time-domain analysis, analysis of orbit, transient analysis, Bode diagram analysis and vibration vector analysis, obtain unit vibration waveform, frequency spectrum, orbit of shaft center, rod figure, trend, show operating states of the units in real time according to the alarm threshold of setting, and extract the characteristic parameter of operating states of the units;

3) On-line Fault analysis and intelligent diagnostics, according to the characteristic parameter of the operating states of the units that obtains, fault and reason, position and the order of severity of utilizing expert knowledge library and intellgence reasoning machine to diagnose out unit to exist, and the forecast of realization operating states of the units:

A) expert knowledge library adopts graphical fuzzy neural network expertise expression way, patterned expertise is expressed and is made up of a plurality of nodes and the internodal line that are distributed on three levels, be drawn in the node representative " data " of bottom, with symbol D1, D2, D3 ... representative, can be unit fault signature parameter, the unit operation parameter of extracting, also can be the duty of unit, the parameter on these broad sense of maintenance record; Be arranged in the middle layer with symbol E1, E2, E3 ... representative can be to change the phenomenon that these can observe directly as condition of work, parameter area, parameter, also can be the phenomenon that indirectly observes, the phenomenon of the failure on the promptly multiple broad sense; Be drawn in top node statement failure cause, with symbol F1, F2, F3 ... representative.This tri-layer structure is according to diagnostic reasoning thought, and back end and phenomenon of the failure node with line connects connecting phenomenon of the failure node and failure cause node, have just constituted graphical fuzzy neural network experts database;

B) fault diagnosis reasoning is to be finished by intellgence reasoning machine, intellgence reasoning machine is made of expertise rule-based reasoning machine, fuzzy logic inference machine and neural network inference machine, can select wherein one or both inference modes to carry out as required, can also adopt three kinds of inference modes to carry out simultaneously, utilize to optimize and make a strategic decision, make fault diagnosis system be useful for the complication system of the many processes of multivariate;

4) on-the-spot net of technical grade and LAN (Local Area Network) associated form are adopted in Remote Network Monitoring and diagnosis, also can carry out the remote exchange processing of information by broadband networks, national public telephone network or digital microwave simultaneously, realize the remote monitoring analyzing and diagnosing.

2, rotating machinery fault intelligent diagnostics device comprises:

1) High Density Programmable Logic Device 10 that is connected with 1 road key signal, 1,6 road fast changed signals, 2,12 path switching signals 4:

A) 1 road key signal 1 is connected with High Density Programmable Logic Device 10 behind 6c through amplification 6a, comparison 6b, light again;

B) 6 road fast changed signals 2 are through amplifying 7a, filtering 7b, adopting and be connected with High Density Programmable Logic Device 10 after protecting 7c, A/D conversion 7d again synchronously;

C) 12 path switching signals 4 are connected with High Density Programmable Logic Device 10 behind 9c through amplification 9a, comparison 9b, light again;

2) 16 road tempolabile signals 3 link to each other with signal acquiring board 11 after amplifying 8a, filtering 8b, adopting guarantor 8c again;

3) signal acquiring board 11 links to each other with slave computer 12, is connected with host computer 15 by network interface card or IP agreement 14 through signal analysis and processing, characteristic parameter identification and after extracting 13 again, and host computer 15 is connected with intelligent inference diagnostic system 16:

A) slave computer 12 also comprises display 12a, mouse 12b, keyboard 12c and printer 12d;

B) identification of signal analysis and characteristic parameter and extraction 13 automatically;

C) host computer 15 also comprises display 15a, mouse 15b, keyboard 15c and printer 15d;

D) intelligent inference diagnostic system 16 has inference machine 16a, expert knowledge library 16b, the fused fast 16c of decision model.

Technique effect:

The present invention adopts the mode of software and hardware combination, utilize expert system, neural network, fuzzy logic and artificial intelligence technology, make data acquisition, signal analysis and processing, equipment condition monitoring combines with fault diagnosis technology, realize the robotization of equipment state malfunction monitoring and fault diagnosis, intelligent, networking, the technical merit of heavy mechanical equipment condition monitoring and fault diagnosis forecast system is stepped to a new level, the direction of realization from " periodic maintenance " to " looking the feelings maintenance " changes, and changes production from field diagnostic into to " remote diagnosis ", maintenance management and decision-making provide strong guarantee;

The graphical fuzzy neural network expertise of the distinctive tri-layer of the present invention expression way, broken through the study of general character knowledge and expertise, the bottleneck problem of obtaining, expressing and utilize, made expert knowledge library have the characteristics and the function of distributed, fault-tolerance, emphasis feature, ambiguity and fault-tolerant in principle, structural topology, robust, association, supposition, memory, self-adaptation, self study, parallel processing complex patterns.The expertise input method makes the writing of code, debugging and the system integration in one, saved the time widely, and to have reduced the people is the possibility of makeing mistakes;

The present invention is with inference engine of expert system, neural network inference machine, the combination of fuzzy logic inference machine, parallel running, give full play to the advantage of each reasoning algorithm, overcome deficiency wherein, make intelligent inference reach the complication system that is applicable to multivariate, multiparameter, multiple goal and many processes more.Adopted the M-ARY theory that The reasoning results is optimized simultaneously, and learnt to adjust expertise, adjust reasoning structure, can fully guarantee the accuracy of The reasoning results by historical summary analysis and online strengthening;

The present invention has overcome in the background technology can only realize off-limit alarm, can not fully utilize the deficiency that test data, characteristic parameter and phenomenon sign are analysed in depth degradation trend, equipment failure position and failure cause and the fault degree of equipment operation and proposed the expert advice of processing, realize intelligent diagnostics truly.By revising corresponding expert knowledge library, also can carry out intelligent diagnostics to the fault of other system.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 The general frame of the present invention;

Fig. 2 phase signal processing circuit;

Fig. 3 fast changed signal treatment circuit;

Fig. 4 switching signal treatment circuit is slow;

Fig. 5 varying signal treatment circuit;

Fig. 6 robot control system(RCS) treatment circuit;

Fig. 7 embodiment frame structure;

Fig. 8 intelligent fault diagnosis system basic comprising

Fig. 9 intelligent fault diagnosis system architecture diagram;

Figure 10 embodiment diagnostic system structure flow chart;

The graphical expertise of Figure 11 rotor unbalance is expressed;

The graphical expertise of Figure 12 rotor misalignment is expressed;

The graphical expertise of Figure 13 rotor bow is expressed;

The graphical expertise of Figure 14 rotor crack is expressed;

The graphical expertise of Figure 15 oil whirl is expressed;

The graphical expertise of Figure 16 oil whip is expressed;

Figure 17 intelligent inference structural drawing;

Figure 18 fuzzy logic inference flow chart;

Figure 19 networking diagnosis;

Figure 20 multicomputer networking diagnosis diagnostic system structured flowchart.

Embodiment:

As shown in Figure 1,1 road key signal 1 in the rotating shaft through 6 amplifications, comparison, light every, as shown in Figure 2, be connected with the density programmable logic device (PLD) again, carry out interface box 11; 6 road fast changed signals 2 as shown in Figure 3, are connected with High Density Programmable Logic Device through 7 amplifications, filtering, adopt guarantor, A/D conversion synchronously again, enter interface box 11; 12 path switching signals 4 through 9 amplifications, comparison, light every, as Fig. 4, be connected with High Density Programmable Logic Device again, enter interface box 11; 16 road tempolabile signals 3 through 8 amplifications, filtering, adopt the guarantor, as shown in Figure 5, enter interface box 11; Interface box 11 links to each other with slave computer 12, is connected with host computer 15 by network interface card or IP agreement 14 through signal analysis and processing, characteristic parameter identification and after extracting 13, and host computer 15 is connected with intelligent inference diagnostic system 16.

Fig. 2 is a phase signal processing circuit, C1 is every value electric capacity among the figure, it is a Hi-pass filter, R1, C2 constitute a low-pass filter, and R3, R2 are for adjusting enlargement factor, and LM339 is a comparer, R3 adjusts the size of comparative voltage, R4, R6 have constituted the stagnant same characteristic of circuit, and the LM339 comparison output signal receives light every input, can reduce the phase mutual interference between system.Output signal is received in the high density programmable logic device.Fig. 3 is the fast changed signal treatment circuit, and the filter amplification circuit among the figure is identical with Fig. 2, φ _kBe multichannel retentive control switch, guarantee that the multichannel measured signal is gathered simultaneously.Fig. 4 is the switching signal treatment circuit, and circuit theory is identical with the phase signal circuit part.Fig. 5 is slow varying signal treatment circuit, and principle is identical with Fig. 2, and A/D conversion way is one the tunnel, the multichannel electric sub-switch element.Fig. 6 is the robot control system(RCS) treatment circuit.

At specific embodiment as shown in Figure 7, detected top hole pressure 17, flow 18, intake pressure 22, flow 23, oil temperature 20 these tempolabile signals and housing such as vibration acceleration signal 21, rotor vibration displacement signal 19, the 19-1 radial level, 19-2 is radially vertical, 19-3 axially these fast changed signals is connected with interface box 24 through after the Signal Pretreatment, enter slave computer 25 through the slave computer signal analysis and processing after finishing Signal Pretreatment and data acquisition, after characteristic parameter is discerned automatically and is extracted, enter host computer 26 by network interface card or IP agreement, the data that host computer obtains are given the reason that is out of order through intelligent diagnosis system in conjunction with the expertise rule, the position, development trend and expert administer suggestion etc.Intelligent fault diagnosis system basic comprising as shown in Figure 8, its system constitutes block diagram as shown in Figure 9, for the testing and diagnosing process flow diagram of specific embodiment shown in 10, signals collecting and analysis are to utilize existing software to realize, the core of whole intelligent fault diagnosis system is the foundation and the intellgence reasoning machine of expert knowledge library.

According to the demand of expertise to characteristic parameter, in conjunction with concrete object, select measuring point, placement sensor, obtain vibration information, status information and control information by sensor, take different pretreatment modes according to the difference of signal, enter interface box and carry out signal condition, multi-channel data acquisition, sampling maintenance and A/D conversion, finally realize the graphical demonstration of data communication, data acquisition, data storage and data by computer software; Utilize existing ripe software that the signal that multiple sensor obtains is carried out time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis, time-domain analysis comprises time-domain waveform analysis, analysis of time-domain characteristic, time series analysis, correlation analysis in time domain etc., and frequency-domain analysis mainly comprises spectrum analysis, spectrum sigtral response, demodulation spectra analysis, refinement analysis of spectrum etc.According to different tested objects, extract the characteristic parameter that each rank vibration frequency of unit vibration and amplitude, orbit of shaft center, direction of vibration, stability of vibration, phase characteristic and rotating speed, load, flow, pressure change these reflection unit fault rules by signal analysis and processing, use for the intelligent inference platform, carry out the reasoning diagnosis by intellgence reasoning machine in conjunction with domain-specialist knowledge, its core is expert knowledge library and intellgence reasoning machine:

As shown in Figure 7 the common rotor unbalance of fan blower, misalign, rotor bow, rotor crack, oil whirl, oil whip, rotating stall, surge fault domain-specialist knowledge see Table 1.

Table 1 domain-specialist knowledge

1) rotor unbalance that causes of mass eccentricity

Characteristic frequency	1 frequency multiplication height
		Stability of vibration	Stable
Direction of vibration	Radial vibration
		Phase characteristic	Phase stabilization
Orbit of shaft center	The orbit of shaft center ellipse
		The precession direction	Positive precession
Vector area	Constant
		With rotation speed change	Obviously
With load variations	Not obvious
		Change with the oil temperature	Constant
With fluctuations in discharge	Constant
		Change with pressure	Constant

2) the damaged rotor unbalance that causes of rotor part

Characteristic frequency	1 frequency multiplication height
		Stability of vibration	Sudden increase back is stable
Direction of vibration	Radial vibration
		Phase characteristic	Stable after the SPA sudden phase anomalies
Orbit of shaft center	The orbit of shaft center ellipse
		The precession direction	Positive precession
Vector area	The sudden change back is stable
		With rotation speed change	Obviously
With load variations	Not obvious
		Change with the oil temperature	Constant
With fluctuations in discharge	Constant
		Change with pressure	Constant
Other	Amplitude increases suddenly

3) rotor misalignment

Characteristic frequency	2 frequency multiplication height
		Normal companion's frequency	1 frequency multiplication, 3 frequencys multiplication
Stability of vibration	Stable
		Direction of vibration	Radially, axial vibration
Phase characteristic	Phase place is more stable
		Orbit of shaft center	Orbit of shaft center dicyclo ellipse
The precession direction	Positive precession
		Vector area	Stable
With rotation speed change	Obviously
		With load variations	Obviously
Change with the oil temperature	Influential
		With fluctuations in discharge	Influential
Change with pressure	Influential
		Other	Axial vibration is big; The vibration of the adjacent bearing of shaft coupling place is bigger; Machine increases with load, and vibration increases; To the variation of ambient temperature sensitivity

4) rotor bow action

Characteristic frequency	1 frequency multiplication height
		Normal companion's frequency	2 frequencys multiplication
Stability of vibration	Stable
		Direction of vibration	Radially, axial vibration
Phase characteristic	Phase stabilization
		Orbit of shaft center	The orbit of shaft center ellipse
The precession direction	Positive precession
		Vector area	Starting point increases, and continues to increase with operation
With rotation speed change	Obviously
		With load variations	Not obvious
Change with the oil temperature	Constant
		With fluctuations in discharge	Constant
Change with pressure	Constant
		Other	During fall forward, the low speed vibration amplitude is bigger; 180 ° of two ends of rotor phase differential

5) rotor crack

Characteristic frequency	2 sesquialter critical point frequencies
		Normal companion's frequency	2 frequencys multiplication, 3 frequencys multiplication, higher hamonic wave
Stability of vibration	Unstable
		Direction of vibration	Radially, axial vibration
Phase characteristic	Irregular variation
		Orbit of shaft center	Orbit of shaft center bielliptic(al) or irregular
The precession direction	Positive precession
		Vector area	Change
With rotation speed change	Change
		With load variations	Irregular variation
Change with the oil temperature	Constant

With fluctuations in discharge	Constant
		Change with pressure	Constant
Other	Nonlinear vibration, 2 times of harmonic waves of more than half critical points have resonance peak

6) oil whirl

Characteristic frequency	Less than 1/2 frequency multiplication
		Normal companion's frequency	1 frequency multiplication
Stability of vibration	More stable
		Direction of vibration	Radial vibration
Phase characteristic	Stable
		Orbit of shaft center	The orbit of shaft center bielliptic(al)
The precession direction	Positive precession
		Vector area	Change
With rotation speed change	Obviously
		With load variations	Not obvious
Change with the oil temperature	Obviously
		With fluctuations in discharge	Constant
Change with pressure	Constant
		Other	Frequency of vortex motion keeps w＜=1/2 Ω with the lifting of operating angle frequency

7) oil whip

Characteristic frequency	Less than 1/2 frequency multiplication, 0.43～0.48 frequency multiplication
		Normal companion's frequency	Combination frequency
Stability of vibration	Unstable
		Direction of vibration	Radial vibration
Phase characteristic	Unstable (sudden change)
		Orbit of shaft center	The orbit of shaft center diffusion is irregular
The precession direction	Positive precession
		Vector area	Change
With rotation speed change	After vibration took place, rotating speed rising vibration was constant
		With load variations	Not obvious
Change with the oil temperature	Obviously
		With fluctuations in discharge	Constant
Change with pressure	Constant
		Other	The work angular frequency takes place when being equal to or higher than 2 times of natural frequencys; Vibration is strong, and overcast blare is arranged; Oil whirl is arranged before the vibration; Abnormal vibrations has nonlinear vibration,

8) rotating stall

Characteristic frequency	Angle of stall(ing) frequencies omega s, Ω-ω s
		Normal companion's frequency	Combination frequency
Stability of vibration	Fluctuate widely
		Direction of vibration	Radially, axial vibration
Phase characteristic	Unstable
		Orbit of shaft center	Orbit of shaft center is mixed and disorderly
The precession direction	Positive precession

Vector area	Sudden change
		With rotation speed change	Obviously
With load variations	Clearly
		Change with the oil temperature	Constant
With fluctuations in discharge	Clearly
		Change with pressure	Change
Other	The machine exit pressure surge is big; Machine inlet pressure and flow rate fluctuation

9) surge

Characteristic frequency	0.5～20Hz
		Normal companion's frequency	1 frequency multiplication
Stability of vibration	Unstable
		Direction of vibration	Radial vibration
Phase characteristic	Unstable
		Orbit of shaft center	The orbit of shaft center disorder
The precession direction	Positive precession
		Vector area	Sudden change
With rotation speed change	Change
		With load variations	Change
Change with the oil temperature	Change
		With fluctuations in discharge	Obviously change
Change with pressure	Obviously change
		Other	Vibration is violent; Top hole pressure and inlet flow rate fluctuation are big; Noise is big, overcast roars, cacophonia

According to domain-specialist knowledge, adopt graphical expertise expression way, graphical domain-specialist knowledge adopts the three-layer network structure to carry out the expertise input, and the three-layer network structure comprises the obfuscation data Layer, the language performance layer of phenomenon, output of obfuscation reason and decision-making level.Between data and the phenomenon, be connected with the obfuscation rule between phenomenon and the reason, just constituted patterned expertise and expressed, as for uneven, misalign, rotor bow, rotor crack, oil whirl, the graphical expertise of oil whip express shown in Figure 11,12,13,14,15,16.

Intellgence reasoning machine is made of expert system reasoning, fuzzy logic inference and neural network reasoning, can select wherein any one or two kinds of inference modes to move as required neatly, also can adopt three kinds of reasonings to move simultaneously.The intellgence reasoning machine flow process is as shown in figure 17:

1) expert system reasoning

The expert system reasoning mainly is from the required data acquisition D={D of knowledge base ₁, D ₂..., D _nSet out, according to corresponding one or more semantic meaning representations of each data point in the knowledge base and data area, semantic meaning representation and the data area of obtaining corresponding data in real time data and the knowledge base are carried out similarity analysis, draw the set of likeness coefficient:

In the formula: s ₁, s ₂..., s _nBe respectively the subclass of the likeness coefficient of each real time data and corresponding knowledge base data point, each collects parameter and is: $s_1=\{s_{11}{s}_{12}\·\·\·s_{1m_1}\},s_2=\{s_{21}{s}_{22}\·\·\·s_{2m_2}\},\·\·\·,s_n=\{s_{n1}{s}_{n2}\·\·\·s_{{\mathrm{nm}}_n}\};m_1,m_2,\·\·\·,m_n$ Be respectively the semantic meaning representation number of each data point of knowledge base.

The semantic meaning representation of data, parameter by the expert with or rule just formed variety of event sign collection E={E ₁, E ₂..., E _k, the output information of variety of event sign collection is event information e={e ₁, e ₂..., e _k.The likeness coefficient of event information and data, parameter semantic meaning representation and rule with or express closely relatedly, as the semantic meaning representation collection of E1 be:

E ₁＝{(d ₁₁∧d ₂₅∨)(d ₃₂∧d ₄₈)}

E then ₁=max{min (s ₁₁, s ₂₅), min (s ₃₂, s ₄₈)

Adopt the network connection mode between The reasoning results and the sign collection, the weights information ω of connection is arranged on every on line _EiFj, event information and weights information draw The reasoning results by operation relation.

Wherein: j=1,2,3 ..., p

Result by inference, knowledge base correspondingly has control, treatment measures, has just constituted the expert system reasoning pattern of intellectualizing system.

2) fuzzy logic inference

At first data, parameter are carried out Fuzzy processing, enter the data and the parameter of inference machine, according to semantic meaning representations different in the knowledge base, by rational selection and structure fuzzy membership functions, draw corresponding data, the fuzzy membership of parameter under different semantic meaning representations, its programming flowchart as shown in figure 18.

For data D ₁, belong to semantic meaning representation d ₁₁, d ₁₂..., d _1m1Degree of membership can obtain according to different fuzzy membership functions, be respectively μ ₁₁, μ ₁₂..., μ _1m1Similarly, for data D ₂, belong to semantic meaning representation d ₂₁, d ₂₂..., d _2m2Degree of membership can obtain according to different fuzzy membership functions, be respectively μ ₂₁, μ ₂₂..., μ _2m2By that analogy, just can draw different pieces of information, the fuzzy membership of parameter under different semantic meaning representations.

$\mathrm{\μ}=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{\mathrm{\μ}}_{11}& {\mathrm{\μ}}_{12}& ...& {\mathrm{\μ}}_{1m_1}\\ {\mathrm{\μ}}_{21}& {\mathrm{\μ}}_{22}& ...& {\mathrm{\μ}}_{2m_2}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...\\ {\mathrm{\μ}}_{n1}& {\mathrm{\μ}}_{n2}& ...& {\mathrm{\μ}}_{n{m}_n}\end{array}\right]$

Simultaneously, according to the fuzzy rule in the knowledge base, between the semantic meaning representation of data parameters and the incident sign collection according to the line weights be 1, non-line weights are the matrix D that 0 principle constitutes _Mk, constitute matrix D by the given weights of expert between incident sign collection and the The reasoning results _Kp, just form fuzzy relationship matrix r _c=D _Mk* D _Kp

Finally, the result of fuzzy reasoning can obtain by the blurring mapping formula:

B＝μ·R _c＝{b ₁，b ₂，b ₃，…，b _p}

" " is fuzzy operator in the formula, adopts Sup-T compose operation method to realize.

3) neural network reasoning

According to Figure 11,12,13,14,15,16 expressed expert knowledge structure, the neural network reasoning is a five-layer structure: ground floor is a data parameters semantic meaning representation layer.Each data or parameter are to there being some semantic meaning representations, and connecting weights accordingly is 1, for any one data or parameter input D _i, its j bar semantic meaning representation exists the input threshold value θ of data or parameter according to expert knowledge library _Ij, utilize Sigmoid type neuron behavior function just can calculate output quantity y _Ij $y_{\mathrm{ij}}=\frac{1}{\exp \left(\right|\frac{D_i-{\mathrm{\θ}}_{\mathrm{ij}}}{{\mathrm{\θ}}_{\mathrm{ij}}}\left|\right)}$

The second layer is an incident sign layer.According to expert knowledge library, the set of several semantic meaning representations has just constituted an incident, expresses their relation with line and weights, has formed k incident.The output of each incident is same to be determined according to corresponding semantic meaning representation number, connection weights, Sigmoid neuron behavior function.To any one occurrence E _i, the set of corresponding semanteme table is { d ₁, d ₂..., d _j, incident is output as:

$E_i=\frac{1}{\exp \left[\frac{1}{j}\underset{k=1}{\overset{j}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(1-{\mathrm{\ω}}_k{d}_k)\right]}$

In the formula: w _k---the line weights; θ _k---offset signal

The 3rd layer is the The reasoning results layer.Each incident output E _iWith The reasoning results F _jBetween line is all arranged and possesses weights ω _EiFj, with reference to fuzzy reasoning, The reasoning results is:

Wherein: i=1,2,3 ..., k; J=1,2,3 ..., p

To carry out inference mode after reasoning algorithm is determined and select, the selection of inference mode has manual selection and selects two kinds automatically.

The manual operation conditions of concrete object of main basis and inference system of selecting is carried out, and under the situation of domain knowledge and Qualitative Knowledge shortage, mainly selects the neural network reasoning, perhaps selects the combination of neural network and fuzzy logic inference; Under the relatively abundant and clear and definite situation of domain knowledge, mainly select the expert system reasoning, perhaps select the combination of expert system and fuzzy logic inference, also can select expert system, fuzzy logic, neural network reasoning to move simultaneously; Under the situation that characteristics of objects parameter semantic meaning representation enriches, the main fuzzy logic inference of selecting, perhaps select the combination of combination, fuzzy logic and the neural network reasoning of fuzzy logic and expert system reasoning, also can select expert system, fuzzy logic, neural network reasoning to move simultaneously.When existing two above reasonings to carry out simultaneously, then carry out the optimization of reasoning conclusion.

Automatically the inference mode of selecting is to carry out the reasoning of expert system, fuzzy logic, neural network respectively, each reasoning conclusion forms final conclusion after by optimum decision and learns as the sample of neural network, revise the adjustment expert knowledge library according to learning outcome, be used for the next round reasoning, circulation is so constantly carried out.

4) reasoning optimization

Inconsistent problem can appear in The reasoning results, sometimes even contradiction.For this reason, adopted optimized Algorithm, its optimizing process is as follows:

(1) design variable order:

1,2,3 the problem that reasoning will solve: ..., p

Fuzzy logic inference is to the output of problem: F _F1, F _F2, F _F3..., F_

The neural network reasoning is to the output of problem: F _N1, F _N2, F _N3..., F _Np

The expert system reasoning is to the output of problem: F _E1, F _E2, F _E3..., F _EpDesign variable is:

X＝{x _f、x _n、x _e}

(2) objective function

$\min f\left(X\right)=\frac{p}{x_f+x_n+x_e}-(\frac{F_{f1}+F_{n1}+F_{e1}}{x_f{F}_{f1}+x_n{F}_{n1}+x_e{F}_{e1}}+\frac{F_{f2}+F_{n2}+F_{e2}}{x_f{F}_{f2}+x_n{F}_{n2}+x_e{F}_{e2}}+\·\·\·+\frac{F_{\mathrm{fp}}+F_{\mathrm{np}}+F_{\mathrm{ep}}}{x_f{F}_{\mathrm{fp}}+x_n{F}_{\mathrm{np}}+x_e{F}_{\mathrm{ep}}})$

(3) constraint condition

0≤x _f≤1；0≤x _n≤1；0≤x _e≤1；x _f+x _n+x _e＝1

(4) according to objective function and constraint condition, ask optimum solution.

Ask f (X) to x respectively _f, x _n, x _ePartial derivative.Because objective function is nonlinear function, existing for avoiding a plurality of local minimums to point out, adopt the constraint variable-metric method to find the solution, finally obtain the x after the optimization _Fh, x _Nh, x _Eh

(5) The reasoning results output

Find the solution problem 1:x _FhF _F1+ x _NhF _N1+ x _EhF _E1

Find the solution problem 2:x _FhF _F2+ x _NhF _N2+ x _EhF _E2

Find the solution problem 3:x _FhF _F3+ x _NhO _N3+ x _EhF _E3

…………………………………………

Find the solution problem p:x _FhF _Fp+ x _NhF _Np+ x _EhF _Ep

The networking fault diagnosis considers from two levels according to actual needs, the one, and for the networking diagnosis of separate unit unit, the 2nd, for the networking diagnosis of many units.The networked fault diagnosis of separate unit unit is as shown in figure 19: adopt ICP/IP protocol, system has the internal information issue based on Ethernet or LAN (Local Area Network), company or enterprises personnel can check the production operation situation of unit according to different authorities, produce and equipment control.System has Remote Diagnosis System simultaneously, and the long-distance user can check the production operation situation of unit on the one hand according to different authorities, can carry out system operation on the other hand, revises and adjusts expertise, realizes the remote online fault diagnosis.The networked fault diagnosis of many units as shown in figure 20, networked fault diagnosis for many units, for alleviating the working load of native system, consider to adopt distributed frame, utilize many industrial computers to carry out data acquisition, signal analysis and processing, failure diagnosis forecasting respectively.Similarly, adopt ICP/IP protocol, system has the internal information issue based on Ethernet or LAN (Local Area Network), and company or enterprises personnel can check the production operation situation of unit according to different authorities, produce and equipment control.System has Remote Diagnosis System simultaneously, and the long-distance user can check the production operation situation of unit on the one hand according to different authorities, can carry out system operation on the other hand, revises and adjusts expertise, realizes the remote online fault diagnosis.

For other rotating machinery except that blower fan, its intelligent fault diagnosis method is the same with blower fan, by revising corresponding expert knowledge library, also can realize the intelligent diagnostics to other system failure.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of rotating machinery fault intelligent diagnosing method is made of a Decision Fusion module, expert knowledge library, data engine modules and four modules of intelligent inference engine, it is characterized in that this method carries out according to the following steps:

1) signal is pre-gathers and handles, and the signal of sensor acquisition is handled accordingly, and analog signal conversion is become digital signal;

2) real time monitoring and state recognition, the digital signal that obtains set state information is carried out frequency-domain analysis, time-domain analysis, analysis of orbit, obtain unit vibration waveform, frequency spectrum, orbit of shaft center, rod figure, trend, show operating states of the units in real time according to the alarm threshold of setting, and extract the characteristic parameter of operating states of the units;

3) On-line Fault analysis and intelligent diagnostics, according to the characteristic parameter of the operating states of the units that obtains, fault and reason, position and the order of severity of utilizing expert knowledge library and intellgence reasoning machine to diagnose out unit to exist, and the forecast of realization operating states of the units:

A) expert knowledge library adopts graphical fuzzy neural network expertise expression way, patterned expertise is expressed and is made up of a plurality of nodes and the internodal line that are distributed on three levels, be drawn in the node representative " data " of bottom, can be unit fault signature parameter, the unit operation parameter of extracting, also can be the duty of unit, the parameter on these broad sense of maintenance record; What be arranged in the middle layer is the symptom phenomenon, can be to change the phenomenon that these can observe directly as condition of work, parameter area, parameter, also can be the phenomenon that indirectly observes, the phenomenon of the failure on the promptly multiple broad sense; Be drawn in top node statement failure cause, this tri-layer structure is according to diagnostic reasoning thought, back end and phenomenon of the failure node with line connects connect phenomenon of the failure node and failure cause node again, have just constituted graphical fuzzy neural network expert knowledge library;

B) fault diagnosis reasoning is finished by intellgence reasoning machine, intellgence reasoning machine is to be made of expertise rule-based reasoning machine, fuzzy logic inference machine and neural network inference machine, can select wherein one or both inference modes to carry out as required, can also adopt three kinds of inference modes to carry out simultaneously, utilize to optimize and make a strategic decision, make fault diagnosis system be useful for the complication system of the many processes of multivariate;

4) on-the-spot net of technical grade and LAN (Local Area Network) associated form are adopted in Remote Network Monitoring and diagnosis, also can carry out the remote exchange processing of information by broadband networks, national public telephone network or digital microwave simultaneously, realize the remote monitoring analyzing and diagnosing.

2, require 1 described rotating machinery fault intelligent diagnosing method according to patent right, its fan trouble intelligent diagnostics feature is carried out according to the following steps:

1) detects the tempolabile signal that blower fan passes in and out parameter by pressure, temperature, flow sensor, handle through corresponding signal pre-processing circuit by vibration acceleration, the detected Blower Housing of speed pickup and rotor fast changed signal and by the detected rotor key phase signals of eddy current sensor, realize the collection and the pre-service of signal;

2) utilize existing signal analysis software that the signal of gathering is carried out frequency domain, time domain and phase analysis, analysis of orbit, transient analysis, Bode diagram analysis and vibration vector analysis, by analyze showing the performance parameter and the running status of blower fan, and extract the characteristic parameter that each rank vibration frequency of resembling fan vibration and amplitude, orbit of shaft center, direction of vibration, stability of vibration, phase characteristic and rotating speed, load, flow, pressure change these reaction fan trouble rules;

3) with the fan trouble domain-specialist knowledge of collecting, utilize the graphical fuzzy neural network expertise expression way of three levels, build expert knowledge library, the bottom be the frequency and the amplitude thereof of each rank vibration of extracting, orbit of shaft center, direction of vibration, stability of vibration, phase characteristic and rotating speed, load, flow, pressure changes the characteristic parameter of these reflection fan trouble rules, the middle layer is a size of judging each rank vibration frequency, the height of vibration amplitude, the quality of stability of vibration, direction of vibration, the shape of orbit of shaft center reaches with rotating speed, load, flow, the systematicness that pressure changes, top is that the fault reason reaches the expert advice that fault is administered;

4) intellgence reasoning machine that utilizes expertise rule-based reasoning machine, fuzzy logic inference machine and neural network inference machine to constitute carries out reasoning, realizes the intelligent diagnostics of fan trouble.The result of various inference machine reasonings occurs when inconsistent, adopts optimized Algorithm that The reasoning results is optimized, and to obtain final reasoning conclusion, the mathematical model that its reasoning is optimized is as follows:

(1) design variable

1,2,3 the problem that reasoning will solve: ..., p

Fuzzy logic inference is to the output of problem: F _F1, F _F2, F _F3..., F _Fp

The neural network reasoning is to the output of problem: F _N1, F _N2, F _N3..., F _Np

The expert system reasoning is to the output of problem: F _E1, F _E2, F _E3..., F _Ep

Design variable is:

X＝{x _f、x _n、x _e}

(2) objective function

$\min f\left(X\right)=\frac{p}{x_f+x_n+x_e}-(\frac{F_{f1}+F_{n1}+F_{e1}}{x_f{F}_{f1}+x_n{F}_{n1}+x_e{F}_{e1}}+\frac{F_{f2}+F_{n2}+F_{e2}}{x_f{F}_{f2}+x_n{F}_{n2}+x_e{F}_{e2}}+\·\·\·+\frac{F_{\mathrm{fp}}+F_{\mathrm{np}}+F_{\mathrm{ep}}}{x_f{F}_{\mathrm{fp}}+x_n{F}_{\mathrm{np}}+x_e{F}_{\mathrm{ep}}})$

(3) constraint condition

0≤x _f1；0≤x _n≤1；0≤x _e≤1；x _f+x _n+x _e＝1

3, a kind of rotating machinery fault intelligent diagnostics device is characterized in that it comprises:

1) High Density Programmable Logic Device 10 that is connected with 1 road key signal, 1,6 road fast changed signals, 2,12 path switching signals 4:

A) 1 road key signal 1 is connected with High Density Programmable Logic Device 10 behind 6c through amplification 6a, comparison 6b, light again;

B) 6 road fast changed signals 2 are through amplifying 7a, filtering 7b, adopting and be connected with High Density Programmable Logic Device 10 after protecting 7c, A/D conversion 7d again synchronously;

C) 12 path switching signals 4 are connected with High Density Programmable Logic Device 10 behind 9c through amplification 9a, comparison 9b, light again;

2) .16 road tempolabile signal 3 links to each other with signal acquiring board 11 after amplifying 8a, filtering 8b, adopting guarantor 8c again:

3) signal acquiring board 11 links to each other with slave computer 12, is connected with host computer 15 by network interface card or IP agreement 14 through signal analysis and processing, characteristic parameter identification and after extracting 13 again, and host computer 15 is connected with intelligent inference diagnostic system 16:

A) slave computer 12 also comprises display 12a, mouse 12b, keyboard 12c and printer 12d;

B) identification of signal analysis and characteristic parameter and extraction 13 automatically;

C) host computer 15 also comprises display 15a, mouse 15b, keyboard 15c and printer 15d;

D) intelligent inference diagnostic system 16 has inference machine 16a, expert knowledge library 16b, the fused fast 16c of decision model.

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