CN1505472A - 吸收体和用于动物的褥草 - Google Patents
吸收体和用于动物的褥草 Download PDFInfo
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- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 14
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
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- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272814 Anser sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NVDORESINSWXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].O=C=O Chemical compound [Ca].O=C=O NVDORESINSWXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfluramid Chemical group CCNS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
一种吸收体,包含至少一种与植物纤维混合的钙化合物、所述吸收体在吸收地面液体和包含该吸收体的用于动物的褥草中的用途。
Description
本发明涉及用于吸收液体的吸收体(masses absorbantes)。
已发现固体吸收体在日常生活中和工业中具有很多种用途。
粉末状或颗粒状吸收体尤其广泛用于制造用于动物-主要是家畜,如猫和啮齿类家畜-的吸收性褥草(litière absorbantes)。这些褥草所需的性质尤其包括对于使用这些褥草的动物应没有令人反感的效果、对动物液体排泄物具有好的吸收性、不生成淤浆(boues)、具有足以支持动物体重的机械抗性(résistance mécanique)、轻的表观比重和使用中不易与地面粘附的特性。
已推荐很多种类的褥草,但没有一种具有全部所需的最佳特性。
第一类褥草由源于火山的多孔矿物岩组成。这些已知的褥草就表观比重和对地面的粘附性而言通常具有所需特性。另一方面,这些褥草对动物的液体排泄物吸收性差,这意味着褥草具有消耗量大而且要求频繁更换的缺点。
第二类已知褥草由粘土组成,如膨润土、硅镁土和蒙脱石。这些已知的褥草对动物液体排泄物的吸收率通常很低,而且在使用中易于形成淤浆并粘附于地面,这使得使用后很难处理它们。
第三类已知褥草包括植物褥草。用于宠物或家畜的植物褥草通常由木屑或稻草制成。它们具有低比重的优点,但是它们在吸收动物排泄物方面的效果很差。此外,它们还很昂贵。
本发明的目的是提供一种固体吸收体,它结合了所有上述已知吸收体所具有的优点,而不具有它们的缺点。
因此,本发明涉及包含无机材料粉末的吸收体,其特征在于该无机材料包含至少一种钙化合物(composécalcique),并与植物纤维混合。
在本发明吸收体中,无机材料包含至少一种钙化合物。钙化合物是指在吸收体吸收的液体中基本不溶的所有钙化合物。优选使用基本上与所述液体呈化学惰性的钙化合物。钙化合物的选择取决于吸收体的用途,特别是取决于吸收剂将吸收的液体。在大多数情况下,碳酸钙、硫酸钙和氢氧化钙是非常合适的钙化合物,特别是在使用无机物吸收动物液体排泄物如尿液的情况时。优选碳酸钙和硫酸钙,特别是无水碳酸钙。磨细的石灰石(calcaire broyé)是非常合适的。
除钙化合物外,无机材料可以任选包含其他基本上不含钙的无机化合物。优选不溶于吸收体吸收的液体的无机化合物,并优选与所述液体呈化学惰性的无机化合物。有利的是,除钙化合物外,无机材料还包括粘土。
在吸收体中,无机材料以粉末的形式存在。通过兼顾所需的最大液体吸收能力和容易处理这两方面,得到最佳粉末直径。通常,最佳粉末直径将特别是取决于钙化合物,并且如果需要,取决于其他无机化合物,特别是它们的比重。实践中,希望粉末的平均直径至少为0.10μm,优选至少为1.00μm。希望粉末的平均直径不超过2mm,优选不超过100μm。一般平均直径在0.1-10μm是合适的。在本文中,粉末平均颗粒直径使用Sedigraph 5100X射线颗粒测量仪(Micromeritics Inst Corp.USA)测量。
钙化合物占吸收体的重量含量将取决于钙化合物的选择和取决于吸收体的用途。通常,希望吸收体包含大于30重量%(优选至少60重量%)的钙化合物,其含量大于或等于65%是特别有利的。按重量计,优选钙化合物占吸收体的含量不超过95%,优选90%。按重量计,钙化合物的含量在65-95%是合适的,优选在70-85%。
在本文中,除非特别声明,否则重量含量以干基重量表示。
植物纤维的选择不是关键。它们可以例如包含草杆、谷物的外壳、棉或亚麻纤维或木屑。本发明优选实施方案中,植物纤维是纤维素纤维。它们可以任选包含由旧纸或纸箱回收的纤维素纤维。另一种实施方案中,它们还可以仅由旧纸或纸箱(carton)回收的纤维素组成。
吸收体中植物纤维的最佳含量将取决于植物纤维的性质、尺寸、钙化合物和吸收体的用途。一般希望吸收体包含至少5重量%(优选至少10重量%)的植物纤维,其含量大于或等于15%是特别有利的。优选植物纤维占吸收体的含量不超过50重量%,优选不超过40重量%,特别推荐小于或等于35%。一般,植物纤维含量在5-35重量%是非常合适的,15-30重量%是特别有利的。
本发明吸收体包含70-85重量%钙化合物和15-30重量%植物纤维,它特别适用于吸收动物液体排泄物。它们非常适用于宠物,特别是猫。
在本文中,动物排泄物是指粪便和尿液。
在吸收体包含粘土的情况下,优选粘土不超过5重量%。
本发明组合物的实例包含60-90重量%钙化合物,5-35重量%植物纤维和0-5重量%粘土。
本发明吸收体可以任选地包含添加剂以赋予其另外特殊的特性,例如香味剂或杀菌剂。
在本发明吸收体的具体实施方案中,无机材料包含氨水制碱厂残余母液的蒸馏干燥残留物。
氨水制碱厂母液的蒸馏干燥残留物是指与含水悬浮液分离的无水固体残留物,该含水悬浮液是使用氨水法制备碳酸钠的母液蒸馏得到的。候德榜的论文“纯碱的制备”(第二版,Hafner出版公司1969出版)第237页提供了这样的含水悬浮液组成的实例。
这样的干燥残留物包含作为主要组分的碳酸钙、硫酸钙和氢氧化钙。除了这些组分,它们通常包含镁化合物、氧化铁、氧化铝和氧化硅。这些组分的含量取决于用于氨水法制备碳酸钠的原料来源和此方法的操作参数。
非常适用于本发明具体实施方案的干燥残留物包含至少40重量%(优选至少45重量%)碳酸钙、至少1重量%(优选至少5重量%)氢氧化钙和至少1重量%(优选至少10重量%)硫酸钙。优选,这三种组分在干燥残留物中的最大重量含量分别为:对于碳酸钙的情况,不超过90重量%(优选80重量%);对于氢氧化钙的情况,不超过40重量%(优选30重量%);和对于硫酸钙的情况,不超过45重量%(优选40重量%)。特别推荐干燥残留物包含40-70重量%(有利的包含50-60重量%)碳酸钙、1-25重量%(有利的包含5-15重量%)氢氧化钙、1-40重量%(有利的包含20-35重量%)硫酸钙和任选包含最多达10重量%(一般1-10重量%)氧化硅。如果需要,可以使用浓缩法处理工业干燥残留物以达到它们的最佳含量。
本发明具体实施方案中的吸收体具有好的吸收酸性液体的能力,而且特别适用于吸收动物液体排泄物,尤其是家畜和宠物的排泄物。此外,它们构成了提高工业废料价值的一种方式,这种方式构成了既经济又环保的优点。
本发明吸收体可应用于工业和家庭。在工业中,它尤其可用于清洁工业建筑或用于吸收意外溅溢到地面的液体。这种用途的一个实例是当发生交通意外后,吸收意外溅溢到道路上的液体。
本发明还涉及本发明吸收体在吸收地面上液体中的应用。
已证实本发明吸收体特别适用于吸收动物液体排泄物,主要是尿液。
本发明还涉及用于动物的包含本发明吸收体的褥草。
如上所述,与已知褥草相比,本发明的褥草结合包括下述的有利特性:低表观比重、高机械抗性、足以经受动物体重的挤压和高的吸收动物液体排泄物的能力,而不形成淤浆。此外,当褥草被动物排泄物弄湿后,这些褥草不与地面粘结,这构成了使用后易于清除的优点。
本发明的褥草适用于家畜、家禽和宠物。同样适用于大家畜(牛、马)、小家畜(羊、猪)和家禽(例如,鸡、鸭、鹅和火鸡)。
本发明的褥草特别适用于宠物,尤其是猫和小型啮齿动物。
本发明的优点将在下述对吸收体进行的一些试验中体现出来。
下述试验中,使用了氨水法制备碳酸钠的母液蒸馏淤浆。用水洗涤淤浆除去淤浆中的水溶性材料后,将淤浆组成列入下面表1中。
表1
组分 | 重量含量(%干基) |
CaCO3 | 50-60 |
Ca(OH)2 | 0-15 |
CaSO4 | 25-35 |
氧化硅 | 0-10 |
水 | 330g/kg淤浆 |
该淤浆用于制备吸收体,在下述试验中对其进行测试。
第一系列试验(本发明)
取两个上述得到的淤浆样品。每一个样品中加入干燥纤维素纤维(由纸除去纤维得到)和适量的水以得到每公斤含300-500克水的含水混合物。将其在混合器中处理以得到可挤压的均匀主体。将加入了纤维的两个淤浆样品的组成列入表2中。
表2
样品n° | 组成(重量%干基) | ||
淤浆 | 纤维 | 纤维来源 | |
1 | 77 | 23 | 报纸 |
2 | 86 | 14 | 纸箱 |
经过挤压机,每个样品变为一系列长丝,经充分的干燥以除去所有水。得到的干燥后干产物接着经磨碎和筛选,收集符合本发明的吸收体。
测量两种得到的吸收体的表观比重,并另外进行水吸收试验。为了进行水吸收试验,将10g水加入到内径为90mm的垂直圆筒室中,逐渐加入吸收体直至水吸收完毕。吸收体的吸收能力定义如下:
其中,A代表吸收体的吸收能力,
M代表使用的水量,和
P代表吸收剂的重量。
比重和吸收试验结果列入下面表3。
表3
样品n° | 比重(kg/m3) | 吸收能力(%) |
1 | 380 | 127 |
2 | 560 | 63 |
第二系列试验(非本发明)
使用另外两种上述淤浆样品。
按照第一系列试验的方式处理第一个样品,但是不加入纤维和其它添加剂。
在第二个样品中加入14%膨润土。
两个样品(标号为3和4)的组成列于表4中。
表4
样品n° | 组成(重量%干基) | ||
淤浆 | 添加剂 | ||
% | |||
3 | 100 | 1 | |
4 | 86 | 膨润土 | 14 |
测量得到的吸收体的表观比重,并进行上述水吸收试验。结果列于表5中。
表5
样品n° | 比重(kg/m3) | 吸收能力(%) |
3 | 947 | 29 |
4 | 960 | 52 |
将表3中的结果(本发明吸收体)与表5中的结果(非本发明吸收体)比较,显示出本发明改善了吸收体的比重和水吸收能力。
Claims (10)
1.一种吸收体,它包含无机材料粉末,其特征在于无机材料包含至少一种钙化合物并与植物纤维混合。
2.根据权利要求1的吸收体,其特征在于包含至少5重量%植物纤维和大于30重量%钙化合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2的吸收体,其特征在于钙化合物基本上由磨细的石灰石组成。
4.根据权利要求1-3之一的吸收体,其特征在于无机材料包含氨水制碱厂残余母液的蒸馏干燥残留物。
5.根据权利要求1-4之一的吸收体,其特征在于包含70-85重量%钙化合物和15-30重量%植物纤维。
6.根据权利要求1-5之一的吸收体,其特征在于无机材料粉末的平均直径为0.1-10μm。
7.根据权利要求1-6之一的吸收体,其特征在于无机材料包含最多5重量%粘土。
8.根据权利要求7的吸收体,其特征在于包含60-90重量%钙化合物、5-35重量%植物纤维和0-5重量%粘土。
9.权利要求1-8之一的吸收体在吸收地面的液体中的用途。
10.一种用于动物的褥草,包含权利要求1-8之一的吸收体。
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FR0102690A FR2821238B1 (fr) | 2001-02-27 | 2001-02-27 | Masse absorbante et litiere pour animaux |
FR01/02690 | 2001-02-27 |
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Cited By (6)
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CN100346690C (zh) * | 2005-10-10 | 2007-11-07 | 李永兆 | 结团宠物用垫料及其制备方法 |
CN101547738A (zh) * | 2006-11-13 | 2009-09-30 | 南方化学股份公司 | 用于表面处理的吸收剂组合物 |
CN101711506B (zh) * | 2008-10-06 | 2011-12-21 | 谢明义 | 实验鼠的人造垫料 |
CN103084159A (zh) * | 2013-02-17 | 2013-05-08 | 南京大学 | 一种微孔-介孔-大孔固体碱材料的合成方法及其合成的固体碱材料 |
CN104883876A (zh) * | 2012-12-26 | 2015-09-02 | 雀巢产品技术援助有限公司 | 低密度涂布动物褥草组合物 |
CN109006501A (zh) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-12-18 | 张琼月 | 可重复利用的猫砂及其制造方法 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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ES2404090T5 (es) | 2004-02-19 | 2017-10-10 | Imerys Metalcasting Germany Gmbh | Procedimiento para la producción de un material higiénico esparcible para animales domésticos |
EP1665924A1 (de) * | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-07 | GFR GESELLSCHAFT FÜR DIE AUFBEREITUNG UND VERWERTUNG VON RESTSTOFFEN mbH | Stalleinstreumaterialien |
ES2560898B1 (es) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-10-10 | Cerámica Piera, S.L. | Uso de una composición como lecho para instalaciones de cría de animales de cualquier especie |
Family Cites Families (4)
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US2597457A (en) * | 1950-03-08 | 1952-05-20 | Allied Minerals Inc | Poultry litter material |
JPS5628640A (en) * | 1979-08-18 | 1981-03-20 | Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd | Molded product for absorbing liquid |
DE3911678A1 (de) * | 1989-04-10 | 1990-10-11 | Organ Faser Technology Co | Tierstreu sowie verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
DE4114370A1 (de) * | 1991-05-02 | 1992-11-05 | Rainer Fischer | Mittel zur aufbereitung tierischer ausscheidungen |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100346690C (zh) * | 2005-10-10 | 2007-11-07 | 李永兆 | 结团宠物用垫料及其制备方法 |
CN101547738A (zh) * | 2006-11-13 | 2009-09-30 | 南方化学股份公司 | 用于表面处理的吸收剂组合物 |
US8956630B2 (en) | 2006-11-13 | 2015-02-17 | Sued-Chemie Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg | Absorbent composition for surface treatment |
CN101711506B (zh) * | 2008-10-06 | 2011-12-21 | 谢明义 | 实验鼠的人造垫料 |
CN104883876A (zh) * | 2012-12-26 | 2015-09-02 | 雀巢产品技术援助有限公司 | 低密度涂布动物褥草组合物 |
US10531636B2 (en) | 2012-12-26 | 2020-01-14 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Low density coated animal litter compositions |
US11109563B2 (en) | 2012-12-26 | 2021-09-07 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Low density coated animal litter compositions |
CN103084159A (zh) * | 2013-02-17 | 2013-05-08 | 南京大学 | 一种微孔-介孔-大孔固体碱材料的合成方法及其合成的固体碱材料 |
CN103084159B (zh) * | 2013-02-17 | 2014-09-10 | 南京大学 | 一种微孔-介孔-大孔固体碱材料的合成方法及其合成的固体碱材料 |
CN109006501A (zh) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-12-18 | 张琼月 | 可重复利用的猫砂及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2821238A1 (fr) | 2002-08-30 |
FR2821238B1 (fr) | 2004-12-10 |
AU2002244727B2 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
RU2003128966A (ru) | 2005-03-10 |
EP1372377A1 (fr) | 2004-01-02 |
RU2291612C2 (ru) | 2007-01-20 |
HK1065679A1 (en) | 2005-03-04 |
WO2002067666A1 (fr) | 2002-09-06 |
CN1254171C (zh) | 2006-05-03 |
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