CN1503157A - Road construction machinery optimising configuration method of multi-object function - Google Patents
Road construction machinery optimising configuration method of multi-object function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention works out a construction plan with multitarget function including: working out a construction plan with equalization as the target function according to two modes: (1) working period is not changed, supplied resources are balanced (2) limited supplied resources and shortest working period to work out one day construction tempo and required value to mechanical productivity is the base of an optimum configuration, 2) taking out one of the quality, cost or efficiency of construction as the target function to carry out one-machine selection and machine set configuration to evaluate and correct the plan to get the mechanical optimized device of road construction with the other two targets as the function.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the engineering machinery technical field of automation, particularly relate to a road construction machinery group of planes and distribute rationally
Technical field.
Technical background
It is object with equipment and colony thereof that road construction machinery most optimum distribution of resources technology is one, is based upon the comprehensive interleaving techniques on the technical foundation such as machinery, computing machine, database, probability statistics, expert system, road construction.Be a kind of service of producing that directly is, promote the engineering practical technique of yield-power development.
Modern large-scale basis Facilities Construction is the production run by many kinds, most amount engineering construction mechanical execution group of planes work compounds.Operating efficiency and construction cost are pursued invariably by construction enterprises under the prerequisite of ensuring the quality of products, and the harmony of production run has been proposed more and more higher requirement.The engineering incipient stage, the establishment construction plan, reasonable disposition manpower (human resources configuration), material resources (device resource configuration and material resources configuration) they are the tasks of standing in the breach.
Along with technical progress and big demand for development of producing, domestic and international project circle, business circles are distributed rationally more and more device resource and are paid attention to, and also make this Study on Technology developed.Because the kind and the quantity of the equipment of road construction machinery group are more, the duty of various machineries has certain randomness again, causes this Study on Technology still to rest in theory, directive function has not been put into practice in construction as yet.The experience that mechanical arrangements still rests on according to the people is configured the stage.Thereby road construction machinery disposes not science; Real-time is poor; Material cut-off and overstocked appears; Construction cost strengthens, and production efficiency is low; Problems such as construction quality and management of water adjustment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of road construction machinery of multiple objective function to distribute method rationally for solving the problem that known technology exists.
The highway pavement construction machine that application of the present invention is made up of mixer-paver-compacting machine-dumper-shovel loader.
Among the present invention: (1) multiple objective function: refer to by quality, cost, operating efficiency, the harmonious comprehensive objective function that forms of four targets of producing.(2) road construction machinery: the highway pavement construction machine that mixer, paver, compacting machine, dumper, shovel loader etc. are formed.(3) resource: the kind, type and the quantity that refer to form the equipment of highway pavement construction machine.
Multiple objective function of the present invention promptly comprehensively forms objective function with quality, cost, operating efficiency, harmonious production, carries out the road construction machinery most optimum distribution of resources.Its collocation method comprises:
1. be objective function establishment construction plan and evaluation model with the construction machinery harmony
By two kinds of pattern establishment construction plans, promptly with " requiring the duration constant; supply machinery is balanced " or " supply machinery is limited; require the duration the shortest ", select its a kind of carrying out according to customer requirements, calculate the construction speed of every day and to the required value of construction machine productivity, the foundation of distributing rationally as machine resource.
2. be that objective function carries out unit type selecting and cluster configuration with the construction quality
1. go on foot on the construction plan basis the,,, in the device resource database of unit in charge of construction, select type, guarantee construction quality according to quality standard according to the required value of construction machine productivity.On unit type selecting basis, require according to schedule to carry out cluster configuration, obtain the quantity of every kind of machinery.
3. be objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model with the construction cost, estimate and revise the cluster configuration scheme
Construction cost is that the total machine-team expense with all machineries in the Network of Workstation is that index is calculated.With total machine-team expense minimum is principle, establishment cluster configuration evaluation model, to the 2. the cluster configuration scheme that forms of step estimate, and revise it according to the principle of " type is just not low with regard to height, and how just few quantity is just ".
4. be objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model with the operating efficiency, estimate and revise the cluster configuration scheme
The essence that improves operating efficiency is exactly: make the idle probability of equipment minimum! As objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model, to the 3. the cluster configuration scheme that forms of step estimate, also revise it according to the principle of " type is just not low with regard to height, and how just few quantity is just ".
By 1. 2. 3. 4. sequential organization software main-process stream, just can form more satisfactory multiple objective function machine resource configuration scheme.
Add the foundation of distributing construction machinery rationally in the evaluation model of the present invention, make method for optimizing configuration easy, improved practicality.
Probability Statistics Theory is adopted in present research mostly, and theoretical property is strong, and is widely applicable, but calculates complexity, poor practicability.On the contrary, many workmens' experimental formula is simple, but usable range is narrower.For this reason, in conjunction with forming optimization, evaluation model, do not ask theoretical value how high both, it is big to seek only practical value.Mathematical model has takes from theoretical analysis, has plenty of empirical data, and what have then takes from relevant criterion.Major part is an algebraic expression, distributes rationally quick, easy and practical.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The road construction machinery of multiple objective function is distributed method rationally, with objective function establishment construction plan, carry out unit type selecting, cluster configuration, the establishment evaluation model is configured optimization, be characterized in that with quality, cost, operating efficiency, harmony be objective function, carry out the road construction machinery most optimum distribution of resources; Its method of distributing rationally comprises:
1) be objective function establishment construction plan with the construction mechanism harmony
By two kinds of patterns establishment construction plans, the one, the requirement duration is constant, and supply machinery is balanced, and the 2nd, supply machinery is limited, requires the duration the shortest, selects one and works out out the construction speed of every day and to the required value of construction machine productivity, distribute foundation rationally as construction machinery;
2) selecting one with construction quality, construction cost or operating efficiency is that objective function carries out unit type selecting and cluster configuration, then, with other two indexes is objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model, estimates and modification cluster configuration scheme, obtains road construction machinery and distributes rationally;
Wherein: construction quality is on the construction plan basis, according to the required value of construction machine productivity, according to quality requirements, selects type in the device resource database of unit in charge of construction, guarantees construction quality;
Construction cost is that the total machine-team expense with all machineries in the Network of Workstation is an index, is principle establishment cluster configuration evaluation model with total machine-team expense minimum, estimates according to the method for " type is just not low with regard to height, and how just few quantity is just " and revises configuration scheme;
Operating efficiency is to make the idle probability of equipment minimum, as objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model, estimates according to the method for " type is just not low with regard to height, and how just not few quantity is just " and revises configuration scheme.
The present invention can also take following technical measures:
The road construction machinery of above-mentioned multiple objective function is distributed method rationally, is characterized in that road construction machinery is optimized configuration in the following order:
1) be objective function establishment construction plan with the construction machinery harmony;
2) be that objective function carries out unit type selecting and cluster configuration with the construction quality;
3) be objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model with the construction cost, estimate to revise and optimize the cluster configuration scheme;
4) be objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model with the operating efficiency, estimate to revise and optimize the cluster configuration scheme.
The road construction machinery of above-mentioned multiple objective function is distributed method rationally, is characterized in distributing the dumper value volume and range of product rationally according to balanced adjustment of the variation of haul distance.
The road construction machinery of above-mentioned multiple objective function is distributed method rationally, is characterized in that the foundation of unit type selecting and cluster configuration optimization is:
1) a road construction group of planes is made up of key machine and Aided Machine, and mixer, paver are taken machinery as the leading factor, and all the other are complete auxiliaries.Complete auxiliaries throughput rate capacity summary 〉=key machine, the safety coefficient configuration of pressing K=1.0-1.3.For example, shovel loader ability 〉=1.2 * mixer ability, dumper ability 〉=1.2 * paver ability.
2) mixer throughput rate: Pb=TKtPbO
Wherein: Pb: mixer machine-team throughput rate, ton/machine-team
PbO: mixer mean hours throughput rate, ton/hour
Kt: machine-team working time usage factor, Kt=0.7～1.0
T: the machine-team working time, hour
3) paver throughput rate: Pt=60TKthbV, cubic meter/machine-team
Wherein: Pt: each machine-team throughput rate of paver, cubic meter/machine-team
T: machine-team hours worked, hour
Kt: machine-team working time usage factor, Kt=0.7～1.0
H: the paving thickness after the compacting, rice
B: paving width, rice
V: the speed that paves, rice/minute
4) street roller Productivity Calculation:
(square metre/machine-team)
Wherein: Py: the every machine-team throughput rate of street roller
T: machine-team hours worked
Kt: machine-team working time usage factor, Kt=0.7～1.0
L: job step length, rice
B: street roller operation width, rice
N1, n2, n3: the number of rolling under the corresponding speed
V1, v2, v3: the operating rate under the different gears, rice/minute
α: the efficient of trackslipping; α=0.8
n＝n1+n2+n3
T: shift time; T=0.001 hour
M: broad ways roll the band number.
5) for satisfying the quantity that the mixer feed need dispose shovel loader
In the formula: n1-per hour loads number of times
The L-distance of feeding, rice
Qi-shovel loader dipper capacity, ton
The unloaded road speed of V1-shovel loader, rice/minute
The V2-shovel loader is fully loaded with road speed, rice/minute
Ti-shovel loader charge time, minute
The tp-shovel loader discharging time, minute
Pb-mixer throughput rate, ton/hour
The quantity of nz-shovel loader
The Kzz-safety coefficient, Kzz=1.0-1.3
The road construction machinery of above-mentioned multiple objective function is distributed method rationally, is characterized in that the foundation of unit type selecting and cluster configuration optimization is: safety coefficient K=1.1-1.3, machine-team usage factor Kt=0.8～0.9, safety coefficient, Kzz=1.2
The road construction machinery of above-mentioned multiple objective function is distributed method rationally, is characterized in the construction cost being that the evaluation model of objective function is: the Ze=Ze minimum
Wherein: the construct cost of use of every machine-team of a group of planes:
The every machine-team output of group of planes investment: K
e=(K
z/ P
y) * P
T
The group of planes cost converted expenses of every machine-team: the Ze=C that constructs
e+ E
hK
e
In the formula:
Ni: total platform number of i kind machinery in the group of planes
Ce a: group of planes every machine-team operating cost of constructing, unit/machine-team
Eh: standard coefficient of investment efficiency, Eh=0.12-0.18.
Ke: the every machine-team output of group of planes investment
Khi: i kind machinery mean hours operating cost, unit/hour
Tmi: i kind machinery was got Tmi=8 hour in the working time of a machine-team;
K1i: the normal usage factor of the every machine-team of i kind machinery is obtained by statistical computation, usually K1i=0.8-0.9
N: the model kind number of machinery in the group of planes, by the model branch
Kz: group of planes gross investment
Py: group of planes average year output
PT: the machine-team average output of a group of planes in current engineering;
Ze: the construct cost converted expenses of every machine-team of a group of planes
The road construction machinery of above-mentioned multiple objective function is distributed method rationally, when being characterized in that the operating efficiency evaluation model is estimated earlier by probability statistics mixed and stirred, paved, first pressing, press again, the final pressure idle probability is respectively: Pb (0), Pt (0), Pyc (0), Pyf (0), Pyz (0); And then it is as follows to obtain plant factor:
Mixer utilization factor: Kb (0)=[1-Pb (0)] * 100%
Paver utilization factor: Kt (0)=[1-Pt (0)] * 100%
First press utilization factor: Kcy (0)=[1-Pcy (0)] * 100%
Multiple press utilization factor: Kfy (0)=[1-Pfy (0)] * 100%
Final pressure machine utilization factor: Kzy (0)=[1-Pzy (0)] * 100%
Advantage that the present invention has and good effect:
(1) satisfies cluster configuration logistics principle-even feed, work continuously
Logistics refers to the circulation handling process of asphalt concrete material from raw material (pitch, sandstone etc.) to the formation road surface.The ideal object stream mode is---at any intermediate node, logistics does not stop as far as possible, or day dead time t=t
MinMinimum.Specifically, when mixer has just been mixed a car material, just there is a dumper just to arrive mixer place and charging; When paver just needs charging, just there is a dumper just to arrive paver place and discharging immediately; Compound has just paved, and street roller just carries out the compacting (first pressing, multiple pressure, final pressure) of different phase according to its temperature.
According to the temperature variant characteristics of asphalt, the logistics of cluster configuration require be: can guarantee in the temperature specialized range, with compound transport to equably continuously, pave, compacting.Do not lack material and incur loss through delay, do not pile up, continuously line production yet.
(2) satisfy cluster configuration error stream principle-error minimum
Say that visually the construction machine intellectualizing system is exactly a big closed-loop control system.In this system, set-point is objective function such as quality, duration, cost, efficient, mechanical harmony etc.; Regulating device is cluster configuration and control scheduler module; Intelligence topworks is unit intelligence system and people (people be as in the multiple agent a kind of); Controll plant is each unit in the group of planes such as mixer, paver, dumper, street roller, shovel loader; The close-loop feedback link then is made of jointly unit intelligence instrument, network wireless communication, GPS, status monitoring, fault diagnosis; Measured value then is the result who value of feedback is calculated evaluation by status monitoring, fault diagnosis module.
According to classical control theory, error stream=objective function set-point vector-measured value vector.Should be " indifference adjusting " in the desirable work progress, logistics parameter vector (temperature, unit weight, output, mix material proportioning, dead time etc.) throughout should be one stable " parameter vector field ", and " field intensity " everywhere be time to time change not.But be actually dynamic, parameter vector everywhere is worth over time and has just formed error stream.Obviously, cluster configuration with the target of control scheduling is: the error stream minimum---produce the most balancedly, quality is the most stable.Thereby make the work progress intellectualizing system be approximately stable " time-invariant system ".
(3) realize the mechanical arrangements robotization, realized quality, cost, efficient, mechanical harmonious four indices simultaneously.
In sum, the present invention adopts the robotization of computer realization mechanical arrangements, has replaced people's loaded down with trivial details work, has reduced error probability.Quality, cost, efficient, mechanical harmonious four indices have been realized simultaneously, for the real controlled target of logistics, error stream that realizes is laid a good foundation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that road construction machinery mechanical optimization configure system hardware is formed synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is a road construction machinery most optimum distribution of resources general flow chart.
Fig. 3 is that quality is the unit type selecting subroutine flow chart of target.
Fig. 4 is that cost is estimated subroutine flow chart.
Fig. 5 is the efficiency rating subroutine flow chart.
Fig. 6 is the harmonious subroutine flow chart of estimating of construction machinery.
Embodiment
For further understanding technology contents of the present invention, characteristics and effect, exemplify following example now, and conjunction with figs. is described in detail as follows:
1) soft, the hardware environment of the present invention's needs:
Distribute system rationally, its hardware group prejudice accompanying drawing 1 by the machine resource that hardware such as computing machine, network, database and mechanical arrangements program are formed.Total system have only 1 server 3, the purpose of selecting two other extension set is the division of labor for convenience, the function server of each extension set all possesses, fault diagnosis extension set 7 mainly is to be used for analysis of failure, decision system extension set 9 mainly is to be used for decision-making research, and generation and the function of accepting to instruct have only server 3 to have.Native system has screen 1 to carry out whole map or local supervision, and GPS receiver 4 and satellite 5 communications are arranged.Server 3 is equipped with monitor 2, realizes communicating by letter of fault and decision-making by GSM modulation server 6, and server 3 links to each other with malfunction monitoring extension set 7 decision-making extension sets 9 and plotting apparatus 10 by hub 8.Native system can increase some peripheral hardwares.
Computer configuration is: the PC compatible that PentiumIII is above.The internal memory that 64M is above.Display more than 1024 * 768.Database is stored on the network, and is therefore not high to memory requirement, but should be more than the 6G at least.
Software environment: Windows98/2000 or windows NT operating system.Static database and dynamic data base based on lteral data adopt Microsoft Access and SQL Server (Structured Query Language Structured Query Language (SQL)), and the SQL standard meets ISO 9075.Software development and programming language adopt Borland C++Builder 5.0, also can adopt other language establishments.
Data qualification in the database: have the device resource of unit in charge of construction in the database, comprise machine, type, tenure of use, quantity, performance parameter etc., also have other resource datas, call during the configuration of funding source.
Resource data is classified as follows:
Work progress data: construction speed, devices consume, raw materials consumption, manpower consumption etc.
Construction work data: construction environment, geographic position, hydrology geographic data, construction task requirement, construction work standard etc.
Group of planes status data: each unit attitude in the work progress, performance parameter and state parameter etc.
Available resources data: unit in charge of construction's device category, composition of personnel, structure and industrial grade, starting material classification and quantity etc.
2) machine resource is distributed the system implementation mode rationally
1. be objective function establishment construction plan and evaluation model with the construction machinery harmony
It at first is the establishment construction plan.Two kinds of planning patterns are arranged, promptly with " requiring the duration constant; supply machinery is balanced " or " supply machinery is limited; require the duration the shortest ", select its a kind of carrying out according to customer requirements, calculate the construction speed of every day and to the required value of construction machine productivity, the foundation of distributing rationally as machine resource.
Next is the development evaluation model.In construction of the highway, execution conditions, system mechanics running status are along with the carrying out of construction all changing all the time.Paver is ceaselessly pushed ahead, and the distance between mixing apparatus and the paver (being the haul distance of dumper) is in continuous variation.If the hypothesis mixer is in the reference position that paves, then the distance between mixing apparatus and the paver will strengthen gradually, and promptly the transportation range of dumper increases gradually, and transporting power descends gradually, and this must cause the throughput rate of system to descend.
The solution of this problem, the one, haul distance is considered as a variable, reflect the system running state under the different haul distance conditions; The 2nd, the variation of simulation haul distance dynamically is mechanized construction system configuration haulage vehicle, Adjustment System allocation plan, systems stabilisation throughput rate.Allocation plan is seen accompanying drawing 6.
2. be that objective function carries out unit type selecting and cluster configuration with the construction quality
1. go on foot on the construction plan basis the,,, in the device resource database of unit in charge of construction, select type, guarantee construction quality according to the relevant industries quality standard according to the required value of construction machine productivity.
On unit type selecting basis, require according to schedule to carry out cluster configuration, obtain the quantity of every kind of machinery.Unit type selecting and cluster configuration program circuit are seen accompanying drawing 3.Wherein, read in primary data: read in construction schedule, primary datas such as mechanical required throughput rate requirement.Mixer lectotype selection: press the mixer computing formula,, select the mixer type in the slave unit resource database to guarantee that throughput rate and construction quality are objective function.Usually mixer only disposes 1.The paver lectotype selection: making paver throughput rate be slightly larger than mixer, is objective function to ensure the quality of products, and selects the paver type in the slave unit resources bank.Usually 1 or 2 of the machine of napping configuration.The street roller lectotype selection: making street roller throughput rate be slightly larger than paver, is target to ensure the quality of products, and selects first pressing, multiple pressure, final pressure machine machine type and quantity in the slave unit resources bank.Shovel loader type selecting: make shovel loader throughput rate be slightly larger than paver, slave unit resources bank intermedium selector type and quantity.Dumper configuration: according to group of planes work optimum condition configuration dumper type and quantity.Show type and quantity: the type and the quantity that show each machine in the group of planes.Show and storage: show and storage stand-alone configuration scheme.Revise initial parameter: man-machine interaction, revise initial parameter, the type selecting configuration of a beginning new round.
3. be objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model with the construction cost, estimate and revise the cluster configuration scheme
Construction cost is that the total machine-team expense with all machineries in the Network of Workstation is that index is calculated.This index then depends on the formed running status of mechanical arrangements, and the purpose of running status is to make various mechanical number combinations can guarantee construction working near the ideal operation situation, and this moment, corresponding system state and mechanical syntagmatic should be:
(1) have only 1 mixer in the construction machine generally speaking, the dumper quantity n1 at mixer place should equal or approach 1 (n1 ≈ 1) this moment, and promptly there is an automobile at the mixer place, and this automobile is feeded.When this car charged was transported, another automobile entered state of charge immediately.
(2) when paver is 1, the dumper quantity n2 at paver place should equal or approach 1 (n2 ≈ 1), and promptly there is an automobile at the paver place, and this automobile is to the paver discharging; Finish when preparing to return haul when this car discharging, another automobile enters immediately to paver discharging state.When paver is 2, the dumper quantity n2 at paver place should equal or approach 2 (n2 ≈ 2), be an automobile all to be arranged before every paver just in discharging, when each car is finished when preparing to return haul to paver discharging separately, another automobile enters immediately to paver discharging state separately.
(3) same reason can illustrate that with equivalent dumper number the equivalent car of the asphalt workload on compacting road surface before each street roller is counted expectation value.
Comprehensively above-mentioned (one), (two), (three) point, system state and mechanical syntagmatic are with in short representing exactly: all will there be the workload that is equivalent to a car asphalt every construction machinery front.
The working time that mutual wait causes and the waste of mechanical stage student contributions pooled to pay for class activities have been avoided in the machinery combination of configuration like this, have improved the equipment practical efficiency, have reduced cost.
Utilize mentioned above principle, establishment cluster configuration evaluation model, to the 2. the cluster configuration scheme that forms of step estimate, and revise it according to the principle of " type is just not low with regard to height, and how just few quantity is just ".Construction cost is estimated sub-process and is seen accompanying drawing 4.Wherein, read in the cluster configuration data: read in the relevant data of cluster configuration, comprise machine, type and number combinations.The total the Taiwan Affairs Office of computer cluster takes: total the Taiwan Affairs Office expense of computing method computer cluster equipment at cost.Computing formula is seen the cost evaluation model.Dumper subtracts 1, and shovel loader subtracts 1: dumper quantity subtracts 1 computing, and shovel loader quantity subtracts 1 computing, a reorganization group of planes.Dumper add 1 and shovel loader add 1: dumper quantity add-one operation and shovel loader quantity add-one operation, the reorganization group of planes.Quality index is checked: call the Productivity Calculation formula, calculate respectively under new number combinations, whether the throughput rate of shovel loader, dumper meets the demands.By new cluster configuration scheme: be combined into the second step allocation plan by a new group of planes, promptly satisfy quality and cost objective scheme simultaneously.Show group of planes type and quantity: the type and the quantity that show each machine in the group of planes.Show and storage scheme: show and store the second step scheme.
4. be objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model with the operating efficiency, estimate and revise the cluster configuration scheme
The essence that improves operating efficiency is exactly: especially the idle probability of key equipment is minimum to allow equipment! Key equipment in pavement construction is mixer and paver.As objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model, to the 3. the cluster configuration scheme that forms of step estimate, also revise it according to the principle of " type is just not low with regard to height, and how just few quantity is just ".Can prove in theory, if the unit type selecting is correct and cluster configuration meet 3. in said " ideal operation situation ", just can reach the target of desirable operating efficiency.Operating efficiency is estimated sub-process and is seen accompanying drawing 5.Wherein, read in the cluster configuration data: read in the relevant data of cluster configuration, comprise machine, type and number combinations.Press efficient accounting method computer cluster device free probability: by the idle probability of efficient accounting method computer cluster equipment (especially key machine mixer, paver).The computing formula rate evaluation model that takes effect.Dumper adds 1: dumper quantity add-one operation, a reorganization group of planes.Dumper subtract 1 and shovel loader subtract 1: dumper quantity subtracts 1 computing and shovel loader quantity subtracts 1 computing, the reorganization group of planes.The indicator of costs is checked: call the pricing formula, calculate under new group of planes combination, whether equipment and total the Taiwan Affairs Office expense meet the demands.The data alternative that efficient check and cost are checked: no matter cost is checked still efficient check, all carries out twice correction, gets the data second time separately.The data that efficient is checked show with the data list that cost is checked, relatively, artificial alternative forms a new group of planes and makes up the 3rd and go on foot allocation plan, promptly satisfies the scheme of quality, cost and efficiency goal simultaneously.Show group of planes type and quantity: the type and the quantity that show each machine in the group of planes.Show and storage scheme: show and store the 3rd step scheme.
By 1. 2. 3. 4. sequential organization software main-process stream, just can form more satisfactory multiple objective function machine resource configuration scheme.The software main-process stream is seen accompanying drawing 2.Wherein, call mechanism's balance module: establishment construction schedule, the required throughput rate requirement of computing machine machinery.Call unit type selecting module: be objective function with the construction quality, the slave unit resource database is selected type and quantity, forms group of planes tentative programme.Call the cost evaluation module: be objective function with the construction cost,, to the evaluation of group of planes tentative programme and make amendment, draw the second step scheme with reference to the device resource database.Call the efficiency rating module: be objective function with the operating efficiency,, to a group of planes second step evaluate alternatives and make amendment, draw the 3rd step scheme with reference to the device resource database.Displaying scheme: show the 3rd step scheme.Storage scheme: the 3rd step scheme of storing is as final plan.Revise initial parameter: man-machine interaction, revise initial parameter, begin the type selecting configuration of a last new round.Satisfied? be judged as artificially herein, judge promptly whether quality, cost, the every index of efficient satisfy predetermined requirement.
Should be pointed out that by 2. 3. 4. priority arrangement order, and in follow-up evaluation is revised, adopt the principle of " type is just not low with regard to height, and how just few quantity is just ", embody the priority level of four objective functions just.For example, this paper has just embodied that quality first, the requirement of cost second, efficient the 3rd.On the contrary, if, then will embody another kind of priority level once with the sequence of modules conversion.
Claims (7)
1. the road construction machinery of multiple objective function is distributed method rationally, with objective function establishment construction plan, carry out unit type selecting, cluster configuration, the establishment evaluation model is configured optimization, it is characterized in that: with quality, cost, operating efficiency, harmony is objective function, carries out road construction machinery and distributes rationally; Its method of distributing rationally comprises:
1) be objective function establishment construction plan with the construction machinery harmony
By two kinds of patterns establishment construction plans, the one, the requirement duration is constant, and supply machinery is balanced, and the 2nd, supply machinery is limited, requires the duration the shortest, selects one and works out out the construction speed of every day and to the required value of construction machine productivity, distribute foundation rationally as construction machinery;
2) selecting one with construction quality, construction cost or operating efficiency is that objective function carries out unit type selecting and cluster configuration, then, with other two indexes is objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model, estimates and modification cluster configuration scheme, obtains road construction machinery and distributes rationally;
Wherein: construction quality is on the construction plan basis, according to the required value of construction machine productivity, according to quality requirements, selects type in the plant machinery database of unit in charge of construction, guarantees construction quality;
Construction cost is that the total machine-team expense with all machineries in the Network of Workstation is an index, is principle establishment cluster configuration evaluation model with total machine-team expense minimum, estimates according to the method for " type is just not low with regard to height, and how just few quantity is just " and revises configuration scheme;
Operating efficiency is to make the idle probability of equipment minimum, as objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model, estimates according to the method for " type is just not low with regard to height, and how just not few quantity is just " and revises configuration scheme.
2. distribute method rationally according to the road construction machinery of the described multiple objective function of claim 1, it is characterized in that road construction machinery is optimized configuration in the following order:
1) be objective function establishment construction plan with the construction mechanism harmony;
2) be that objective function carries out unit type selecting and cluster configuration with the construction quality;
3) be objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model with the construction cost, estimate to revise and optimize the cluster configuration scheme;
4) be objective function establishment cluster configuration evaluation model with the operating efficiency, estimate to revise and optimize the cluster configuration scheme.
3. distribute method rationally according to the road construction machinery of the described multiple objective function of claim 1, it is characterized in that: distribute the dumper value volume and range of product rationally according to balanced adjustment of the variation of haul distance.
4. distribute method rationally according to the road construction machinery of the described multiple objective function of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the foundation of unit type selecting and cluster configuration optimization is:
1) road construction machinery divides key machine and Aided Machine, and mixer, paver are taken machinery as the leading factor; Supporting Aided Machine throughput rate summary 〉=key machine, the safety coefficient configuration of pressing K=1.0-1.3;
2) mixer throughput rate: P
b=TK
tP
B0
Wherein: P
b: mixer machine-team throughput rate, ton/machine-team
P
B0: mixer mean hours throughput rate, ton/hour
K
t: machine-team working time usage factor, K
t=0.7～1.0
T: the machine-team working time, hour
3) paver throughput rate: P
t=60TK
tHbV, cubic meter/machine-team
Wherein: P
t: each machine-team throughput rate of paver, cubic meter/machine-team
T: machine-team hours worked, hour
K
t: machine-team working time usage factor, K
t=0.7～1.0
H: the paving thickness after the compacting, rice
B: paving width, rice
V: the speed that paves, rice/minute
4) street roller Productivity Calculation:
(square metre/machine-team)
Wherein: P
y: the every machine-team throughput rate of street roller
T: machine-team hours worked
K
t: machine-team working time usage factor, K
t=0.7～1.0
L: job step length, rice
B: street roller operation width, rice
N1, n2, n3: the number of rolling under the corresponding speed
V1, v2, v3: the operating rate under the different gears, rice/minute
α: the efficient of trackslipping; α=0.8
n＝n1+n2+n3
T: shift time; T=0.001 hour
M: broad ways roll the band number.
5) for satisfying the quantity that the mixer feed need dispose shovel loader
In the formula: n
1-per hour load number of times
The L-distance of feeding, rice
Q1-shovel loader dipper capacity, ton
V
1The unloaded road speed of-shovel loader, rice/minute
V
2-shovel loader is fully loaded with road speed, rice/minute
t
i-shovel loader charge time, minute
t
p-shovel loader the discharging time, minute
P
b-mixer throughput rate, ton/hour
n
zThe quantity of-shovel loader
K
Zz-safety coefficient, K
Zz=1.0-1.3
5. distribute method rationally according to the road construction machinery of the described multiple objective function of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the foundation of unit type selecting and cluster configuration optimization is: safety coefficient K=1.1-1.3, machine-team usage factor K
t=0.8～0.9, safety coefficient, K
Zz=1.2
6. distribute method rationally according to the road construction machinery of the described multiple objective function of claim 1, it is characterized in that: be the evaluation model of objective function with the construction cost: the Ze=Ze minimum
Wherein: the construct cost of use of every machine-team of a group of planes:
The every machine-team output of group of planes investment: K
e=(K
z/ P
y) * P
T
The group of planes cost converted expenses of every machine-team: the Ze=C that constructs
e+ E
hK
e
In the formula:
N
i: total platform number of i kind machinery in the group of planes
C
e: a group of planes every machine-team operating cost of constructing, unit/machine-team
E
h: standard coefficient of investment efficiency, E
h=0.12-0.18.
K
e: the every machine-team output of group of planes investment
K
Hi: i kind machinery mean hours operating cost, unit/hour
T
Mi: i kind machinery is got T in the working time of a machine-team
Mi=8 hours;
K
Li: the normal usage factor of the every machine-team of i kind machinery is obtained by statistical computation, usually K
Li=0.8-0.9
N: the model kind number of machinery in the group of planes, by the model branch
K
z: group of planes gross investment
P
y: group of planes average year output
P
T: the machine-team average output of a group of planes in current engineering;
Ze: the construct cost converted expenses of every machine-team of a group of planes
7. distribute method rationally according to the road construction machinery of the described multiple objective function of claim 1, it is characterized in that: when the operating efficiency evaluation model is estimated earlier by probability statistics mixed and stirred, paved, first pressing, press again, the final pressure idle probability is respectively: P
b(0), P
t(0), P
Yc(0), P
Yf(0), P
Yz(0); And then it is as follows to obtain plant factor:
Mixer utilization factor: K
b(0)=[1-P
b(0)] * 100%
Paver utilization factor: K
t(0)=[1-P
t(0)] * 100%
First press utilization factor: K
Cy(0)=[1-P
Cy(0)] * 100%
Multiple press utilization factor: K
Ry(0)=[1-P
Fy(0)] * 100%
Final pressure machine utilization factor: K
Zy(0)=[1-P
Zy(0)] * 100%
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