CN1502420A - Gasifying method and device for treating low thermal value fuel - Google Patents
Gasifying method and device for treating low thermal value fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN1502420A CN1502420A CNA021501009A CN02150100A CN1502420A CN 1502420 A CN1502420 A CN 1502420A CN A021501009 A CNA021501009 A CN A021501009A CN 02150100 A CN02150100 A CN 02150100A CN 1502420 A CN1502420 A CN 1502420A
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- gasifier
- gasification
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- air preheater
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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Abstract
The present invention can be used for in-place treatment of low heating value coal, biofuel and domestic refuse, and it is characterized by that its air preheater is one-by-one communicated with gasifying device, gas-dregs separator, steam generator, gas purifying device and change-over valve by means of pipeline, and its change-over valve is communicated with heat recovering device placed in lower end of the air preheater, so that it is a closed circulating gasification system. In the course of gasification process for treating low heating valuve fuel, according to different material athe correspondent temperature can be controlled.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention is applied to the in-situ gasification treatment of low-calorific-value coal, biomass fuel and household garbage.
Technical background:
the low-heat value fuel mainly comprises low-heat value coal, biomass fuel, domestic garbage and the like, is directly utilized, has low efficiency and is difficult to meet increasingly strict environmental protection requirements. The low-heat value fuel is gasified and utilized, so that the storage and the remote transportation are convenient, the transportation cost is reduced, the use of the fuel can be expanded, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the pollution is reduced. At present, gasification of low-calorific-value fuel is mainly fixed bed gasification and fluidized bed gasification, and is based on normal-temperature gasification. The air is gasified at normal temperature, ash residue is difficult to treat, compounds such as tar and phenol are easy to form, the gasification efficiency and the heat value of fuel gas are low, the fuel utilization range is small, and the pretreatment is complex; the gasification of oxygen-enriched or pure oxygen can improve the gasification efficiency and the heat value of fuel gas, but an air separation device is needed, the power consumption is large, the system is complex, and the economic benefit is not high.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a gasification device and a method which have the advantages of high gasification efficiency, high fuel gas heat value, low tar content, wide fuel adaptation range, no pollution, good thermal characteristics, small ash amount, solid block shape and simple and convenient operation.
1. The gasification device for processing the low-heat value fuel is characterized in that an air preheater 1 is communicated with a gasifier 2, a gas-slag separator 3, a steam generator 4, a gas purifier 5 and a conversion valve 9 one by one through pipelines; the conversion valve 9 is communicated with a heat recoverer 6 arranged at the lower end of the air preheater 1 through a pipeline, and is a closed circulating gasification system;
a thermal stabilizer 7 provided with a channel 8 for discharging ash is arranged in the gasifier 2;
the air preheater 1 is provided with a flue gas waste heat limit recoverer 6 which is symmetrically arranged.
2. A gasification method for processing low heating value fuel is provided, which is characterized in that the corresponding temperature is controlled according to the processed materials:
①, the temperature of the mixed gasifying agent of air and water vapor entering the gasifier 2 is more than or equal to 800 ℃;
② when the raw material entering the gasifier 2 is coal containing 10-30% of ash, the gasification temperature of the gasifier 2 is 1100-1700 ℃;
③ when the raw material entering the gasifier 2 is coal with ash content of about 7%, the gasification temperature exceeds 1200 ℃.
④ when the raw material entering the gasifier 2 is domestic garbage (containing 85% kitchen waste and the rest components being paper, plastic, bamboo, cloth and melon and fruit), the gasification temperature is 1100-.
⑤ when the raw material entering the gasifier 2 is wood block, the gasification temperature is 1200-1350 ℃.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the temperature of the gasifier is always higher than the ash melting point, the requirement on the fuel heat value is reduced, the ash is melted into slag, the volume of the ash is obviously reduced, and the slag is easy to shape, has good fluidity and is not easy to block; the gasification reaction is enhanced, the air coefficient is reduced, the volume of the fuel gas is reduced, and the heat value (5-20 MJ/m) of the fuel gas is improved3) (ii) a The size of the gas purifier 5 is reduced, and the gas purification cost is reduced.
2. The air preheater 1 of the invention applies the flue gas waste heat limit recoverer 6 and organizes hypoxia dispersion combustion. The air preheater 1 not only reduces the production cost of the air and steam mixed gasification agent with the temperature of more than 800 ℃, but also inhibits NOXAnd the generation of dioxin is favorable for environmental purification, and the air preheater 1 reasonably organizes flue gas recirculation, thereby realizing the hypoxic atmosphere required by hypoxic dispersion combustion.
3. The invention can effectively gasify and treat various low-heat-value fuels, such as low-heat-value coal, biomass fuel and domestic garbage, black waste residues of paper mills, agricultural waste residues (such as chaff, bagasse and the like) and renewable plants (such as trees), can be used for gasifying and treating the low-heat-value waste materials and the domestic garbage in situ of small and medium-sized enterprises, and can also be used for regional centralized air supply.
In a word, the invention gasifies and processes the low heat value coal, biomass fuel and domestic garbage on the spot, easy and simple to handle, the gasification efficiency is high, the fuel calorific value is high, the fuel adaptation is wide, pollution-free, theash residue is small and take the form of solid block.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gasification apparatus for processing low calorific value fuel according to the present invention:
the gasification device for processing the low-heat value fuel is communicated with the gasifier 2, the gas-slag separator 3, the steam generator 4, the gas purifier 5 and the conversion valve 9 one by one through an air preheater 1 through pipelines; the conversion valve 9 is communicated with a heat recoverer 6 arranged at the lower end of the air preheater 1 through a pipeline, and is a closed circulating gasification system;
a thermal stabilizer 7 provided with a channel 8 for discharging ash is arranged in the gasifier 2;
the air preheater 1 is provided with a flue gas waste heat limit recoverer 6 which is symmetrically arranged.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
figure 1 also illustrates the gasification operation of the present invention for processing low heating value fuels.
The air preheater 1 is provided with a left cavity and a right cavity which are respectively used as a mixed gasification agent flow passage and a combustion area; the flue gas waste heat limit recoverers 6 are arranged in pairs, and channels of compressed air and low-temperature flue gas are controlled by a change-over valve 9 to be periodically switched and alternately pass through the flue gas waste heat limit recoverers 6; the flue gas waste heat limit recoverer 6 can preheat normal-temperature air to a temperature level close to the temperature level of airflow in a combustion area (only the difference is 100-200 ℃); when the waste heat recoverer 6 releases heat, the normal temperature air is raised to the temperature above 800 ℃ from the room temperature; most of preheated air enters the gasifier 2 from a middle leading-out port of the air preheater 1, and the rest of preheated air flows to a combustion zone cavity of the air preheater 1 and is mixed with self-generated clean fuel gas, and low-oxygen diffusion combustion is carried out in the combustion zone to generate flue gas with the temperature of more than 1000 ℃. The combustion flue gas passes through another waste heat recoverer 6, the temperature is reduced to about 120 ℃, and then the combustion flue gas is discharged into air through a change-over valve 9; in order to make the two waste heat recoverers 6 thermally balanced, the combustion zone needs to be supplied with normal temperature air 10 in an auxiliary manner.
The fuel and the mixed gasification agent enter the upper space of the heat stabilizer 7 in the gasifier 2; the fuel is gasified in the area to synthesize fuel gas; small amount of incomplete reactionAs the carbon pellets, syngas and slag pass through the channel 8 of the thermal stabilizer 7 in the gasifier 2, the slag and carbon pellets are captured by the thermal stabilizer 7 and slide down the surface of the channel 8 of the thermal stabilizer 7; the carbon particles continue to gasify for a sufficient time until gasification is complete; the fuel gas and the slag enter the gas-slag separator 3, the slag is concentrated at the bottom of the gas-slag separator 3, and the high-temperature fuel gas releases sensible heat through the steam generator 4 to generate steam. The generated water vapor is added to the compressed air of the air preheater 1. The cooled gas enters a gas purifier 5 to remove H2S, HCl and flue dust, a small portion of the clean gas is used as fuel for the air preheater 1, and the remaining majority is supplied to the thermal or electrical energy production system.
The gasification pressure in the gasifier 2 is normal pressure, the gasification temperature is always kept higher than the ash melting point, the volume content of water vapor in the gasification agent is moderate, and the air coefficient is low. The proportion of fuel and gasifying agent is controlled to realize low air coefficient, and the main gasification reaction under the low air coefficient is as follows:
the water vapor can inhibit smoke formation and improve gas quality. The gasification side reaction comprises:
the proportion of the water vapor in the mixed gasification agent is controlled to achieve the heat release Q of the main reaction1Excess side reaction endotherm Q2The gasification temperature higher than the ash melting point can be maintained, so that the ash is dropped into the gas-slag separator 3 in a molten state.
The thermal stabilizer 7 in the gasifier 2 has three functions of high slag capturing efficiency, stable gasification temperature and more complete gasification. The surface area of the thermal stabilizer 7 is increased by the channel 8 of the thermal stabilizer 7, the thermal stabilizer 7 has a certain height, liquid slag is easy to adhere to the thermal stabilizer 7, slag catching efficiency is improved, dust content is greatly reduced after the fuel gas is primarily filtered by the channel 8, and the size and cost of the gas purifier 5 are also reduced; the heat stabilizer 7 has large specific heat, stores a large amount of heatand can still maintain stable gasification temperature when the fuel flow or the heat value changes; the liquid slag is prevented from flowing through the channel 8, where the carbon granulate that has not been completely gasified is sufficiently gasified.
The invention is characterized in that in the process of processing low-heating value fuel: the corresponding temperature is controlled according to different materials to be processed.
① the temperature of the mixed gasifying agent of air and water vapor entering the gasifier 2 is more than or equal to 800 ℃.
② when the raw material entering the gasifier 2 is coal containing 10-30% ash, the gasification temperature of the gasifier 2 is 1100-1700 ℃.
Such as: when the raw material is coal containing 15% of ash, the gasification temperature exceeds 1450 ℃;
when the raw material is coal containing 20% of ash, the gasification temperature exceeds 1320 ℃.
③ when the raw material of the gasifier 2 is coal with ash content of about 7%, the gasification temperature should exceed 1200 ℃.
④ when the raw material of the gasifier 2 is domestic garbage (containing 85% kitchen waste and the rest components being paper, plastic, bamboo, cloth and melon and fruit), the gasification temperature is 1100-.
⑤ when the raw material of the gasifier 2 is wood block, the gasification temperature is 1200-.
Claims (2)
1. The gasification device for processing the low-heat value fuel is characterized in that an air preheater 1 is communicated with a gasifier 2, a gas-slag separator 3, a steam generator 4, a gas purifier 5 and a change-over valve 9 one by one through pipelines; the conversion valve 9 is communicated with a heat recoverer 6 arranged at the lower end of the air preheater 1 through a pipeline, and is a closed circulating gasification system;
a thermal stabilizer 7 provided with a channel 8 for discharging ash is arranged in the gasifier 2;
the air preheater 1 is provided with a flue gas waste heat limit recoverer 6 which is symmetrically arranged.
2. Gasification method for treating low calorific value fuel, characterized in that the respective temperatures are controlled according to the materials treated:
①, the temperature of the mixed gasifying agent of air and water vapor entering the gasifier 2 is more than or equal to 800 ℃;
② when the raw material entering the gasifier 2 is coal containing 10-30% of ash, the gasification temperature of the gasifier 2 is 1100-1700 ℃;
③ when the raw material entering the gasifier 2 is coal with ash content of about 7%, the gasification temperature exceeds 1200 ℃.
④ when the raw material entering the gasifier 2 is domestic garbage (containing 85% kitchen waste and the rest components being paper, plastic, bamboo, cloth and melon and fruit), the gasification temperature is 1100-.
⑤ when the raw material entering the gasifier 2 is wood block, the gasification temperature is 1200-1350 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021501009A CN1190276C (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2002-11-27 | Gasifying method and device for treating low thermal value fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021501009A CN1190276C (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2002-11-27 | Gasifying method and device for treating low thermal value fuel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1502420A true CN1502420A (en) | 2004-06-09 |
| CN1190276C CN1190276C (en) | 2005-02-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021501009A Expired - Fee Related CN1190276C (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2002-11-27 | Gasifying method and device for treating low thermal value fuel |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN1190276C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101430093B (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2010-06-23 | 中南大学 | Low-calorie fuel fast combustion gasification apparatus |
| CN109251753A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-01-22 | 华北科技学院 | A kind of the thermoelectricity cold air co-feeding system and technique of renewable energy cooperative compensating |
-
2002
- 2002-11-27 CN CNB021501009A patent/CN1190276C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101430093B (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2010-06-23 | 中南大学 | Low-calorie fuel fast combustion gasification apparatus |
| CN109251753A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-01-22 | 华北科技学院 | A kind of the thermoelectricity cold air co-feeding system and technique of renewable energy cooperative compensating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1190276C (en) | 2005-02-23 |
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