CN1500542A - Superhigh pressure microflux electricosmotic pump - Google Patents
Superhigh pressure microflux electricosmotic pump Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1500542A CN1500542A CNA021513120A CN02151312A CN1500542A CN 1500542 A CN1500542 A CN 1500542A CN A021513120 A CNA021513120 A CN A021513120A CN 02151312 A CN02151312 A CN 02151312A CN 1500542 A CN1500542 A CN 1500542A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- microchannel
- pump
- microflow
- sprue
- uhv
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The ultrahigh pressure micro flow elctroosmosis driven liquid conveying pump drives directly fluid electrically and regulates the output pressure and flow rate of the fluid via controlling voltage, length and effective cross section area of the filling passage, and the granularity and surface property of the filling. The present invention features the micro passage of rigid insulating material of equivalent inner diameter of 1-1000 microns, with length of 1-100 cm and equivalent granularity of stuffing of 0.05-0.1 micron; planar or cylindrical electrode; and DC driving power source of 0.05-30 KV. The pump can produce output pressure of 0.05-100 MPa and precisely adjustable flow rate in the level of microliter, nanoliter or even femtoliter each minute.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electroosmotic flow and drive the infusion pump technology, especially relate to a kind of UHV (ultra-high voltage) micrometeor electroosmotic flow of the may command flow of the direct drive fluid of electric energy of utilizing and drive infusion pump (abbreviation electroosmotic pump), mainly be applicable to the liquid driven of micrometeor system, particularly be used in (the trace transfusion in fields such as μ-HPLC), miniature flow analysis system of micro column high efficiency liquid phase chromatograph system.
Background technology
Utilize electric osmosis principle development electroosmotic pump to obtain some progress with practical value in recent years.The pressure of electroosmotic pump from zero point several MPa (He Youzhao, Gan five or two, Chinese patent application ZL97,212,126; 1997), to 17MPa (Paul et al United States Patent 6,019,882,2000), arrive 20-45MPa (Guan Yafeng, Chen Lingxin, electroosmotic current driven high-pressure perfusion pump again, Chinese patent application number 01110506.2,2001), the flow of electroosmotic pump is in the several μ L/min of nL/min-level.It is practical that electroosmotic pump has progressively moved towards.But above these electroosmotic pumps have a common shortcoming, need high driving voltage when obtaining high pressure, and because Joule heat, the efficient of electroosmotic pump is extremely low.In theory, electric osmose produces the potential ability of pressure about 600MPa.On the other hand, (usually relate to the problem of liquid with precise control tiny flow quantity aspect μ-HPLC), miniature flow analysis system etc. are microminiaturized at superfine internal diameter post highly effective liquid phase chromatographic system.Traditional reciprocating machine infusion pump is because little seepage of valve and dynamic seal (packing), and its leakage is in 10-1-1 μ L/min level, thereby is difficult to accurately carry less than 10 μ L/min level flows, can't satisfy the harsh requirement of micro-system.Thereby the high pressure electroosmotic pump of developing a kind of low voltage driving still all has great importance in technical applications in scientific research.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of micrometeor electroosmotic flow to drive infusion pump (abbreviation electroosmotic pump), electroosmotic pump is that (amounting to internal diameter is 1-1000 μ m by the filling microchannel that makes at insulating material, length 1-100cm) in, the nano silicon-based oxide (SiO of intensive filling equivalent grain size 0.05-0.1 μ m
2-X), nano-titanium oxide (TiO
2), nano aluminium oxide (Al
2O
3) wait a kind of of material, connect one or many in parallel by plane or tubular electrode (adopting inert metal, alloy, conducing composite material to make) and fill microchannel (it is long-pending to change the effective cross section by parallel connection), and become the pump housing with non-filling channel (conduit) tandem compound, provide electric power by direct supply, driving voltage is 0.05-30KV.This pump can accurately be controlled delivery rate, can provide per minute to ascend to heaven, receive the liquid delivery rate that rises to microlitre (fL, nL, μ L/min) level and the output pressure of 0.05-100MPa.This pump is regulated delivery rate and pressure by control voltage or electroosmotic flow, to satisfy various micrometeor transfusion requirement; As a rule, 10KV can reach 50MPa with interior voltage, can satisfy most of application needs; This pump can uninterrupted for a long time continuous working.
The present invention adopts following principle:
The present invention has broken through viewpoint (the John H.Knox that so-called electrostatic double layer stack can not produce electric osmose, Terminology and nomenclature in capillary electroseparation systems, J.Chromatogr.A, 680 (1994): 3-13), utilize the electric osmose drive principle of current-carrying, promptly under the situation of the filler particles surface charging in filling the microchannel, the current-carrying of band heterocharge is made the electric osmose travel motion in the diffusion layer of solid-liquid interface electrostatic double layer under External Electrical Field.
The nanoscale solids particle causes its surface to lose electric neutrality and charged owing to there is big specific surface usually to produce the unsaturation of key, and the ion that particle surface is had opposite charges in polar solvent or electrolyte solution is attracted on its surface with its electric charge of balance.In general, belong to strong physisorption, be called fixed layer near one deck of particle surface, its effect is balance particulate surface electrically; From the more weak adsorbed layer of particulate then formation far away slightly, be called dispersion layer.Because anxious poly-decline of strong adsorbed layer inner potential slowly reduces in weak adsorbed layer, the result produces the current potential downward gradient in whole adsorbed layer.Above-mentioned two-layer formation electrostatic double layer.When being filled into when carrying the baby the microchannel the nanoscale solids particle is intensive, under the direct current External Electrical Field, there is frictional resistance in small filler particles surface in migration liquid in the diffusion layer and the filling channel, balance between them has determined the motion of liquid in the diffusion layer, and electric osmose power then depends on the electric field force that acts on diffusion layer and " excessive charge " in the diffusion layer; Polar solvent or electrolyte solution will flow to negative pole end from positive terminal capillaceous under the effect of electric osmose power, form electroosmotic flow (EOF) thus, if the output terminal in electroosmotic flow (EOF) adds a resistance, liquid stream will accumulate in output terminal and form the electric osmose pressure electric osmose power of contending with, till the two reaches balance.When liquid stream is output as zero, can obtain top pressure output, as a same reason, when output electric osmose pressure is zero, can obtain the highest electroosmotic flow output.In addition state is an electroosmotic pump duty under the fixed load.
For achieving the above object, concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump is provided, by direct supply, compositions such as plane or tubular electrode, filling microchannel, transfusion catheter and liquid storage tank, the positive pole of its direct supply links to each other with liquid storage tank, and the anodal solution that passes through in the liquid storage tank is connected with the filling microchannel; The negative pole of direct supply links to each other with plane or tubular electrode; Plane or tubular electrode be ground connection simultaneously; One sprue is arranged in plane or the tubular electrode, the sealing of sprue one end, the other end opens wide, and is in the shaft core position of plane or tubular electrode; There is at least one runner the sprue side, and runner one end communicates with sprue, and the other end is an opening; Sprue open end opening is connected to transfusion catheter; Have at least one to fill the microchannel between liquid storage tank and plane or the tubular electrode, an end of filling the microchannel places in the liquid storage tank, and the other end links to each other by the cutting ferrule sealing with the opening of runner; Fill in the microchannel filler is housed.
Described UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump is by control voltage, fills microchannel length and the effective cross section is long-pending, the granularity of filler and output pressure and the flow that surface nature is come regulated fluid:
One, the rigid insulation material of equivalent internal diameter between 1-1000 μ m adopted in the microchannel, and its length is between 1-100cm, and the filler equivalent grain size is 0.05-0.1 μ m;
Two, driving voltage is the 0.05-30KV direct supply;
Three, pressure limit is that flow is adjustable between the 0.05-100MPa, can export μ L/min, nL/min until fL/min level fluid.
Described UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump, its described filler is selected nano silicon-based oxide (SiO for use
2-X), nano-titanium oxide (TiO
2), nano aluminium oxide (Al
2O
3) wait a kind of of material.
Described UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump, its described plane or tubular electrode adopt inert metal, alloy, conducing composite material manufacturing.
Described UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump, make with insulating material or semiconductor material its described filling microchannel.
Described UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump, its described runner one end communicates with sprue, and quadrature.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump structural representation of the present invention (four-way);
Fig. 2 is the influence curve of UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump voltage of the present invention to pump output pressure and delivery rate;
Fig. 3 is the relation curve of UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump pressure of the present invention and flow;
Fig. 4 for UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump of the present invention at the highly effective liquid phase chromatographic system (application example on the μ-HPLC).
Embodiment and application example
As shown in Figure 1, the structure of UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump of the present invention is: the positive pole 2 of direct supply 1 links to each other with liquid storage tank 6, and anodal 2 solution that pass through in the liquid storage tank 6 are connected with an end of filling microchannel 5; The negative pole 3 of direct supply 1 links to each other with the many electrify electrodes 4 of tubular; The many electrify electrodes 4 of tubular are ground connection simultaneously; In the many electrify electrodes 4 of tubular a sprue 8 is arranged, the sealing of sprue 8 one ends, the other end opens wide, and is in the shaft core position of the many electrify electrodes 4 of tubular; There are one or more runners 9 (this synoptic diagram has four passages) sprue 8 sides, and runner 9 one ends communicate and quadrature with sprue 8, and the other end is an opening; Sprue 8 open end openings are connected to transfusion catheter 7; There is one or more to fill microchannel 5 (this synoptic diagram has four and fills the microchannel) between the many electrify electrodes 4 of liquid storage tank 6 and tubular, one end of filling microchannel 5 places in the liquid storage tank 6, and the other end links to each other by cutting ferrule sealing (not shown) with the opening of runner 9; Fill in the microchannel 5 filler is housed; Electroosmotic pump is by scalable switch 10 controlling and driving voltages.Consider the many electrify electrodes 4 of tubular ground connection well from security standpoint, liquid storage tank 6 is wanted the overcoat insulation sleeve, will cut off switch 10 when changing solution.
UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump of the present invention, length that can be by control voltage, filling channel and the effective cross section is long-pending, the granularity of filler and output pressure and the flow that surface nature is come regulated fluid; The adjusting of pressure realizes by the granularity of regulation voltage, packed column length and filler that mainly the adjusting of flow can obtain by the cross-sectional area size of regulating filling channel, and the number in parallel of the filling channel of same size is many more or single size is big more, and flow is big more.Microflow electroosmosis pump of the present invention system should satisfy following condition:
One, the rigid insulation material of equivalent internal diameter 1-1000 μ m is adopted in used filling microchannel, and length 1-100cm, packing material size are 0.05-0.1 μ m;
Two, electrode used therein adopts tubular to lead to inert metal, alloy, conducing composite material electrode more;
Three, driving voltage is 0.05V-30KV direct supply/module;
Four, pressure limit is 0.05-100MPa, and flow is adjustable, can export μ L/min, nL/min until fL/mn level fluid;
Five, described filler is selected nano silicon-based oxide (SiO for use
2-X), nano-titanium oxide (TiO
2), nano aluminium oxide (Al
2O
3) wait a kind of of material.
As shown in Figure 2, the structural design of tested electroosmotic pump of the present invention is three and fills microchannels, and its length and internal diameter of filling the microchannel is 30cm * 530 μ m, in fill out 10-15nm nano silicon-based oxide (SiO
2-X) filler; The very stainless steel material plane four-way body of switching on more, the sprue length that is in four-way axon heart position is 3cm * 200 μ m with internal diameter, the sprue open end is the quartz wool fine duct connection (length determines as required) of 50 μ m with an internal diameter, being in the four-way body side surface has three runners, and its length is 0.8cm * 600 μ m with internal diameter; Test fluid flow is a deionized water, when the driving voltage (kV) of electroosmotic pump changes, and the situation of change of electroosmotic pump output pressure and delivery rate.
As shown in Figure 3, tested electric osmose pump structure of the present invention is three and fills microchannels, and its length and internal diameter of filling the microchannel is 20cm * 530 μ m, in fill out 10-15nm nano silicon-based oxide (SiO
2-X) filler; The very stainless steel material plane four-way body of switching on more, the sprue length that is in four-way axon heart position is 3cm * 200 μ m with internal diameter, the sprue open end is the quartz wool fine duct connection (length determines as required) of 50 μ m with an internal diameter, being in the four-way body side surface has three runners, and its length is 0.8cm * 600 μ m with internal diameter.When driving voltage was 7KV, the situation of change of electroosmotic pump output pressure and delivery rate in different solvents: curve 1 was in water-organic solvent among the figure, the situation of change of electroosmotic pump output pressure and delivery rate; Curve 2 is in pure organic solvent among the figure, the situation of change of electroosmotic pump output pressure and delivery rate.
(several aromatics application examples of analysis on the μ-HPLC), used analytical column is 20cm * 150 μ m, 3 μ m C in the micro column high efficiency liquid phase chromatograph system to be illustrated in figure 4 as the present invention
18, used electric osmose pump structure is three and fills microchannels: its length and internal diameter of filling the microchannel is 20cm * 530 μ m, in fill out 10-15nm nano silicon-based oxide (SiO
2-X), moving phase: methanol-water (65: 35, V/V), detect wavelength: 254nm; Sample introduction: 30nL, pump driving voltage: 5kV, chromatographic work station are section's branch chromatogram workstation, and its application result is listed as follows:
Peak preface title retention time (min) peak area (a) peak height (h) a/h content theoretical cam curve/rice
1 thiocarbamide 4.816 709,117 4,756 0.2485 6.8312 70000
2 benzene 7.243 842,989 5,086 0.2762 8.1208 80000
3 toluene 9.09 524,647 3,097 0.2823 5.0541 79000
4 how 11.704 985,083 5,167 0.3177 9.4896 75000
5 biphenyl 17.33 1,955,943 7,930 0.4111 18.8422 80000
6 luxuriant and rich with fragrance 29.53 2,851,212 7,297 0.6512 27.4667 81000
7 anthracenes 40.567 2,511,635 5,101 0.8206 24.1954 91000
Claims (6)
1. UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump, by direct supply, plane or tubular electrode, filling microchannel, transfusion catheter and liquid storage tank are formed, and it is characterized in that, the positive pole of direct supply links to each other with liquid storage tank, and the anodal solution that passes through in the liquid storage tank is connected with the filling microchannel; The negative pole of direct supply links to each other with plane or tubular electrode; Plane or tubular electrode be ground connection simultaneously; One sprue is arranged in plane or the tubular electrode, the sealing of sprue one end, the other end opens wide, and is in the shaft core position of plane or tubular electrode; There is at least one runner the sprue side, and runner one end communicates with sprue, and the other end is an opening; Sprue open end opening is connected to transfusion catheter; Have at least one to fill the microchannel between liquid storage tank and plane or the tubular electrode, an end of filling the microchannel places in the liquid storage tank, and the other end links to each other by the cutting ferrule sealing with the opening of runner; Fill in the microchannel filler is housed.
2. UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump as claimed in claim 1 is by control voltage, fills microchannel length and the effective cross section is long-pending, the granularity of filler and output pressure and the flow that surface nature is come regulated fluid, it is characterized in that:
A. fill the microchannel and adopt the rigid insulation material of equivalent internal diameter between 1-1000 μ m, its length is between 1-100cm, and the filler equivalent grain size is 0.05-0.1 μ m;
B. driving voltage is the 0.05-30KV direct supply;
C. pressure limit is that flow is adjustable between the 0.05-100MPa, can export μ L/min, nL/min until fL/min level fluid.
3. UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described filler is selected a kind of in nano silicon-based oxide, nano-titanium oxide, the nano alumina material for use.
4. UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the many electrify electrodes in described plane adopt inert metal, alloy, conducing composite material manufacturing.
5. UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, make with insulating material or semiconductor material described filling microchannel.
6. UHV (ultra-high voltage) microflow electroosmosis pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described runner one end communicates with sprue, and quadrature.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02151312 CN1226074C (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | Superhigh pressure microflux electricosmotic pump |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02151312 CN1226074C (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | Superhigh pressure microflux electricosmotic pump |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1500542A true CN1500542A (en) | 2004-06-02 |
| CN1226074C CN1226074C (en) | 2005-11-09 |
Family
ID=34234376
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02151312 Expired - Fee Related CN1226074C (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | Superhigh pressure microflux electricosmotic pump |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1226074C (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1752753B (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2010-04-28 | 杭州生源医疗保健技术开发有限公司 | Ionic membrane microflow electroosmosis pump |
| CN101153618B (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2010-06-23 | 卡西欧计算机株式会社 | Connecting structure of a liquid sending apparatus, fuel-cell type electricity generating apparatus, and electronic device |
| CN101809440A (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2010-08-18 | 戴尼仪器股份公司 | Device for generating micro- and nanoflow mobile phase gradients for high-performance liquid chromatography |
| CN102101018A (en) * | 2011-02-16 | 2011-06-22 | 华东理工大学 | Cascade high-pressure electro-osmosis pump |
| CN103566987A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-02-12 | 镇江四联机电科技有限公司 | Electroosmotic flow pump and design process for pump body thereof |
| CN103816805A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-28 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Electroosmotic micropump device |
| CN109482248A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-19 | 浙江大学 | A kind of low pressure electroosmotic pump based on nano-porous film |
| CN109529962A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-03-29 | 江苏医联生物科技有限公司 | The method of film electroosmotic pump and its detection pressure and flow velocity based on microchannel plate |
| CN110332966A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-10-15 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of portable unit and method measuring power-law fluid flow parameter |
-
2002
- 2002-11-15 CN CN 02151312 patent/CN1226074C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1752753B (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2010-04-28 | 杭州生源医疗保健技术开发有限公司 | Ionic membrane microflow electroosmosis pump |
| CN101153618B (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2010-06-23 | 卡西欧计算机株式会社 | Connecting structure of a liquid sending apparatus, fuel-cell type electricity generating apparatus, and electronic device |
| CN101809440A (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2010-08-18 | 戴尼仪器股份公司 | Device for generating micro- and nanoflow mobile phase gradients for high-performance liquid chromatography |
| CN101809440B (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2013-04-24 | 戴尼仪器股份公司 | Device for generating micro- and nanoflow mobile phase gradients for high-performance liquid chromatography |
| CN102101018A (en) * | 2011-02-16 | 2011-06-22 | 华东理工大学 | Cascade high-pressure electro-osmosis pump |
| CN103816805A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-28 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Electroosmotic micropump device |
| CN103816805B (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2015-12-02 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Electric osmose Micropump device |
| CN103566987A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-02-12 | 镇江四联机电科技有限公司 | Electroosmotic flow pump and design process for pump body thereof |
| CN103566987B (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-08-19 | 江苏大学 | A kind of electroosmotic pump and pump body design technological process thereof |
| CN109482248A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-19 | 浙江大学 | A kind of low pressure electroosmotic pump based on nano-porous film |
| CN109482248B (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-07-17 | 浙江大学 | Low-pressure electroosmosis pump based on nano porous film |
| CN109529962A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-03-29 | 江苏医联生物科技有限公司 | The method of film electroosmotic pump and its detection pressure and flow velocity based on microchannel plate |
| CN110332966A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-10-15 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of portable unit and method measuring power-law fluid flow parameter |
| CN110332966B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-19 | 西安交通大学 | Portable device and method for measuring power-law fluid flow parameters |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1226074C (en) | 2005-11-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Li et al. | Advancement of electroosmotic pump in microflow analysis: A review | |
| CN1226074C (en) | Superhigh pressure microflux electricosmotic pump | |
| US6277257B1 (en) | Electrokinetic high pressure hydraulic system | |
| US20040026250A1 (en) | Dielectrophoretic systems without embedded electrodes | |
| CN103816805B (en) | Electric osmose Micropump device | |
| CN1194800C (en) | Chip micro flow electroosmosis pump | |
| CN100510731C (en) | Micro channel electrode and miniflow control analysis chip thereof | |
| US20210018465A1 (en) | Devices and Methods for Processing Fluid Samples | |
| CN1152256C (en) | Electroosmotic current driven high-pressure perfusion pump | |
| CN103566987A (en) | Electroosmotic flow pump and design process for pump body thereof | |
| CN1280625C (en) | Simple two-step isoelectric focusing separation analytic device | |
| EP2334432A1 (en) | Material separation device | |
| CN1856365A (en) | Microfluidic valve | |
| US7462280B2 (en) | Liquid chromatography chip with flexible interface | |
| US20090041590A1 (en) | Apparatus, system, and method for electrochemical pump-based chromatography separations in microfabricated devices | |
| CN111936862B (en) | Micro-channel, preparation method and operation method thereof | |
| CN203316140U (en) | Microfluidic chip grafted with polyelectrolyte brush on surface of micro-channel to inhibit electroosmotic flow | |
| CN1590402A (en) | Device for separation of protein by two step method capillary electrophoresis isoelectric focusing | |
| US6675821B2 (en) | Method of controlling the flow in a flow system | |
| CN203610146U (en) | Electro-osmotic flow pump | |
| CN1040117C (en) | Chromatograph-type electrophoresis separation method | |
| CN102680610A (en) | Gas chromatographic column separated through electric filed control and applications thereof | |
| US20050254967A1 (en) | Gasless and gas bubble-free electrodes | |
| CN103212457B (en) | Micro-fluidic chip for inhibiting electroosmotic flows through grafting polyelectrolyte brush on surface of micro-channel | |
| CN115624993A (en) | Needle point discharge driving micro-flow device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20051109 Termination date: 20091215 |