CN1486159A - 监视生命特征的新式的基于织物的传感器 - Google Patents

监视生命特征的新式的基于织物的传感器 Download PDF

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CN1486159A
CN1486159A CNA018219241A CN01821924A CN1486159A CN 1486159 A CN1486159 A CN 1486159A CN A018219241 A CNA018219241 A CN A018219241A CN 01821924 A CN01821924 A CN 01821924A CN 1486159 A CN1486159 A CN 1486159A
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fabric
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S·亚亚拉曼
S·帕克
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Abstract

本发明包括用来监视人体生命特征或其它电脉冲的一种基于织物的传感器。传感器是用导电纤维编织或针织而成的，在接触到人体时接收从佩戴者来的信号，并且通过数据输出端子将信号发送给处理或监视设备。传感器可以集成在衣物织物中或是单独用做一个导电补钉。另外传感器还能提供双向通信来监视电脉冲并传送电脉冲。

Description

监视生命特征的新式的基于织物的传感器
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及到用来监视对象的生命特征或其它电脉冲的新式的基于织物的传感器。该传感器是用导电织物编织或针织而成的，在接触到人体时能够从穿戴者那里接收信号并通过数据输出连接或端子将该信号发送给一个处理或监视装置。传感器可以集成在一件衣物中或是单独作为一件导电补钉来使用，还能通过将电脉冲传送回人体而实现双向通信。
现有技术背景
常规的医学电极被用来检测人体皮肤表面与连接到监视设备的电引线之间的电信号传输。典型的电极采用一种粘合剂覆层将导电引线贴在人体的皮肤上。通常使用一种导电凝胶来增强电信号传输。
许多现有的传感器是贴在人体上的橡胶电极或是凝胶质传感器。这两种传感器共有的主要缺点是难以摘除并造成皮肤过敏和擦伤。
授予Axelgaard的美国专利US4,722,354和5,450,845号描述了一种电刺激电极，将导电纤维和预先布线的硬接线电引线集成成一个柔软电极补钉。柔软补钉使病人更舒适并且能运动，不会因破坏电极的放置。Axelgaard所描述的补钉由多层构成，包括不导电层，粘合剂层和导电纤维层。
另一项其说明书全文在本文中被作为参考的Jayaraman等人的美国专利US6,145,551描述了一种生产编织衣物的方法，用一次编织工艺能够提供袖孔并且还能包括集成在编织物内的导电纤维。用Jayaraman的方法生产的衣物能够从它所附带的多种不同类型传感器收集数据，并且通过单个连接器例如是压接式T-连接器发送数据。
另外，在本文中要全文引用Jayaraman等人在1999年3月19日提交的未决专利中请U.S.S.N.09/273/175也被用作为参考，其中描述了一种包括集成化信息基础结构的织物或衣物，用来收集、发送和接收信息。该衣物被用作为一种“佩戴式母板”，利用互连的导电纤维将许多数据采集传感器集成在衣物中，无需许多单独的导线或电缆。能够通过单一电子引线或收发信机将信息发送给若干监视设备。
在现有技术中需要有一种能够附着在人体上而无需会造成痛苦的粘合剂的柔软电极。本发明涉及到一种导电织物传感器，它不包括像Axelgaard电极那样的多层，并且在接触到人体时能够从穿戴者获取电信号。利用Jayaraman未决申请和Jayaraman专利的编织技术和互连的导电纤维有可能制成一种舒适的基于织物的传感器，它非常轻便并且不需要硬接线或粘合剂。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供一种用来监视人体的生命特征和其它电脉冲的基于织物的传感器，这种传感器不需要使用粘合剂。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种衣物，它具有至少一个用来监视人体的生命特征和其它电脉冲的基于织物的传感器，传感器被编织或针织在衣物内部并且不需要作为单独部件用硬引线或是用诸如压接式连接器等连接器连接到衣物上。
本发明的再一目的是提供一种能够双向通信的基于织物的传感器。
本发明的创新点之一是能够用导电纤维编织或针织的织物补钉监视生命特征和其它电脉冲，这种补钉不需要用粘合剂将电极定位在人体上。导电织物也可以单独使用或是集成在含有其它纤维的衣物中。导电补钉可以用来对一个远程信号源发送和接收电脉冲。
按照第一实施例，提供了一种用来监视人体生命特征和其它电脉冲的基于织物的传感器。传感器是用连接到诸如压接式连接器等数据输出端子上的无绝缘导电纤维针织或编织而成的。织物直接接触到人体皮肤，不需要背衬材料或导电胶，尽管可任选地使用导电软膏。传感器直接接触到皮肤，接收电信号并且将其发送到数据输出端子，再将信号中继到监视设备。在基于织物的传感器的传感器和数据输出端子之间可选择设置导电软膏。可以将传感器插入U.S.S.N.09/273/175中所描述的“佩戴式母板”或其它监视设备。
按照另一个实施例，提供了一种衣物，它具有至少一个用来监视人体生命特征和其它电脉冲的基于织物的传感器，传感器被集成编织或针织在衣物内。在织物中集成编织或针织一种导电纤维就能完全用导电纤维制成衣物，或是得到一或多个不同的导电纤维补钉。导电补钉包括编织或针织的导电纤维，并且可选地带导电软膏的数据输出端子可以将补钉装在衣物上需要获取所需信号的位置。例如可以将若干个导电补钉针织或编织或缝合在一件衬衫中用来获得脉冲或温度的适当位置。由纤维获取的读数被发送到连接器，然后发送给监视器或是用来解读的其它处理器。
按照再一个实施例，提供了一种用来为人体提供往复双向通信的导电织物补钉。本发明的基于织物的传感器无论是单独使用还是集成在衣物内都能用来从人体向一个监视源发送生命特征和其它电脉冲。另外，这种单独补钉还能从一个外部信号源接收电信号。可以用这种补钉为人体提供电荷，例如对窒息的婴儿施行电击。
由本发明的上述说明中可以看出它提供了一种导电纤维制成的基于织物的传感器，它可以装入时尚的编织或针织衣物中用来监视人体的生命特征或是向人体传送电脉冲。参照附图阅读以下的说明书和权利要求书就能进一步理解本发明的上述及其它目的和优点。
附图简介
图1表示本发明的基于织物的传感器的设计，图中表示了编织导电补钉和针织导电补钉。
图2表示内部集成了一种基于织物的传感器的一件衣物的正视图。
图3表示内部集成了一种基于织物的传感器的一件衣物的展开图和细节。
实施例的详细说明
A.基于织物的传感器
如图1所示提供了一种用来监视生命特征和其它电脉冲的基于织物的传感器。传感器是用连接到数据输出端子例如压接式连接器的无绝缘导电纤维编织或针织而成的。传感器可任选地含有导电胶。织物直接接触到人体，不需要背衬材料或粘合剂。传感器直接接触到皮肤，接收电信号并且将其发送到数据输出端子，再将信号中继到监视设备或其它信息处理设备。
可以用任何常规方法例如是编织或针织将导电织物传感器加入织物中。根据织物密度和结构可以采用其它类型导电纤维来制作传感器。
1.针织纤维传感器
适用于普通针织物的任何纱线都能与本发明的导电织物传感器中的导电纤维结合。对不导电纱线材料的选择主要是按织物的最终用途来确定的，并且要考虑到纱线的舒适性，适用性，织物手感，透气性，吸湿性和结构特性。合适的纱线包括但不仅限于棉纱，聚酯/棉花混合物，细支(microdenier)聚酯/棉花混合物和聚丙烯纤维例如是MERKLON(Dawtex Industries制造)。
以下的表中提供了用来生产本发明实施例的针织织物传感器的参数。所提供的信息仅仅是例子，并不是要限制本发明的范围。
针织织物传感器
材料 无绝缘的100％不锈钢纱线
型号# VN 12/1×275/100Z/316L
来源 Bekaert Corporation
纱线尺寸 2250支
织物结构 1×1罗纹
织物密度 16条/英寸和18行/英寸
传感器尺寸 1.5″×1.5″
传感器重量 12英两/平方码
2.编织织物传感器
以下的表中提供了用来生产本发明实施例的编织织物传感器的参数。所提供的信息仅仅是例子，并不是要限制本发明的范围。
编织纤维传感器
纺纱的材料 棉花
纱线尺寸(纺纱) 18s Ne
填充材料(织物) 无绝缘的100％不锈钢纱线
纱线尺寸(织物) 2250支
填充纱线型号# VN 12/1×275/100Z/316L
填充纱线来源 Bekaert Corporation
纤维结构 1×1平纹
纤维密度 30Ends/英寸和22Picks/英寸
传感器尺寸 1.5″×1.5″
传感器重量 7.5英两/平方码
另外在上述实施例中也可以使用导电纤维以取代棉纱纤维作为经纱纤维。
3.导电纤维
用于织物传感器的导电纤维包括但是不仅限于：(i)掺杂的无机纤维；(ii)不锈钢纤维；以及(iii)细径铜线。所有这些纤维都容易加入织物传感器。可用的导电纤维的一个例子是SquatIndustries，Scranton，Pennsylvania出产的无绝缘X-Static。可用的细径铜线的一个例子是Ack Electronics，Atlanta，Georgia出产的24号绝缘铜线。
适合装入本发明织物传感器的高级导电纱线的一个例子是Bekintex NV，Wetteren，Belgium的子公司BekaertCorporation，Marietta，Georgia所提供的Bekinox，它是用于不锈钢制成的，并具有60欧姆-米的电阻率。这种纱线的弯折强度能与聚酰亚胺高阻纱线媲美并且易于混合。在编织或针织的传感器中使用的导电纤维最好是无绝缘的。
4.可用于本发明传感器的其它织物
在本发明的织物传感器中也可以使用具有贴身特性和高度舒适特性的织物。贴身部件在运动中保持传感器在人体上的位置，不需要粘合剂。这种材料通常具有高度的弹性能满足贴身的要求。
一种优选的贴身织物是SPANDEX纤维，一种带氨基甲酸乙脂族的成块聚合物。其断裂拉伸范围是500到600％，因而能提供所需的贴身性。其弹性恢复也很高(由2-5％变形恢复99％)并且其强度范围是0.6-0.9克/支。它能够耐化学制品并且能反复清洗。SPANDEX纤维可以由E.I.duPont de Nemours，Wilmington，Delaware获得。
贴身部件可以采取带或是卷或其它部件的形式与集成了贴身纤维的编织或针织织物传感器结合，以便将传感器保持在身体上的所需位置。或者是，如果传感器是按图2和3所示被集成在衣物纤维本身内部，或是以传感器补钉的形式用T-连接器等连接到衣物上，就可以将贴身部件装入衣物本身，将传感器补钉保持在所需位置。在后一种情况下，可以将贴身部件编织或针织在衣物织物内，例如1999年3月19日提交的未决的U.S.S.N.09/273/175中所述。
B.含有基于织物的传感器的衣物
如图2和3所示，可以将上述的基于织物的传感器12装入衣物，将传感器本身集成地针织或编织在衣物织物10内用来监视生命特征或其它电脉冲。在织物中针织或编织一种导电纤维，就能完全用导电纤维制成衣物，或是装上一或多个特殊的导电织物补钉14。可以将由编织或针织的导电纤维和数据输出端子16可选地再加上导电软膏构成的一个或多个导电补钉装入衣物中需要获取所需信号的位置。例如可以按包括针织，编织或缝纫等任何公知方法将若干个导电补钉装入衣物。可以装入衣物中选择的位置以便最优地获取脉冲或温度读数。由导电纤维获得这些读数，发送给连接器，并随后发送到监视器或其它处理器去解读。
可以按针织，编织或缝纫等任何公知方法制作衣物。可以按包括但不仅限于缝纫，织补，编织，粘贴，尼龙搭扣(VELCRO)等任何公知技术将含有本发明的基于织物的传感器的补钉装入衣物。可以将补钉装在要害位置上监视预期的生命特征，并且可以在一件衣物中装入若干个补钉监视不同的生命特征或电脉冲。
本发明设计的衣物包括但不仅限于衬衫，裙子，长裤，内衣，帽子，手套或其它可穿戴物品。
也可以用贴身的纤维部件制成衣物，如上所述，用它将导电织物和传感器固定在身体上。贴身纤维还能限制传感器的移动，确保更加可靠的监视。
C.提供双向通信的传感器
本发明的基于织物的传感器可以用来监视来自人体的生命特征或其它电脉冲。还能用传感器从一个远程信号源向人体传送脉冲，实现一种双向通信。
可以用传感器监视呼吸，脉搏，温度，EKG，EEG或其它电脉冲。这种基于织物的传感器可以用于许多医疗用途，包括但不仅限于连续或间歇地监视(a)位于近旁或处在远方的患者，(b)手术后患者，(c)老年患者，精神疾病患者(例如为了更好地查明慢性忧郁症等疾病)，(d)易发呼吸暂停和SIDS(婴儿猝死综合症)的儿童，以及(e)易于过敏反应的患者(例如是对蜜蜂蛰咬过敏反应)。
结合着上述的监视设备，本发明的基于织物的传感器可以用来向佩戴传感器的患者传送电脉冲。例如，在传感器检测到一个易发SIDS的婴儿呼吸停止时，就能从监视源向孩子发送一个微小电击以刺激呼吸。
尽管已经按最佳形式描述了本发明，本领域的技术人员在无需脱离权利要求书所述的本发明原理和范围及其等效物的条件下还能做出许多修改和增删。

Claims (12)

1.一种用来发送电脉冲或其它生命特征的基于织物的传感器，包括：
(a)集成纤维的全导电织物层；以及
(b)连接到数据输出端子的电引线，电引线包括一条集成的全导电纤维。
2.按照权利要求1的基于织物的传感器，其特征是进一步包括在纤维与数据输出端子之间的导电软膏。
3.按照权利要求1的基于织物的传感器，其特征在于全导电纤维层是针织的。
4.按照权利要求2的基于织物的传感器，其特征在于全导电纤维层是编织的。
5.按照权利要求1的基于织物的传感器，其特征在于数据输出端子是一个咬合连接器。
6.按照权利要求2的基于织物的传感器，其特征在于数据输出端子是一个咬合连接器。
7.包括至少一个如权利要求1的基于织物的传感器的一种衣物。
8.包括至少一个如权利要求2的基于织物的传感器的一种衣物。
9.监视人体生命特征或其它电脉冲的一种方法，包括对人体施加如权利要求1的基于织物的传感器，并且将数据输出端子连接到监视器。
10.监视人体生命特征或其它电脉冲的一种方法，包括对人体施加如权利要求2的基于织物的传感器，并且将数据输出端子连接到监视器。
11.向人体提供电脉冲的一种方法，包括对人体施加如权利要求1的基于织物的传感器，将数据输出端子连接到一个脉冲发送装置，并且通过传感器发送脉冲。
12.向人体提供电脉冲的一种方法，包括对人体施加如权利要求2的基于织物的传感器，将数据输出端子连接到一个脉冲发送装置，并且通过传感器发送脉冲。
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CN110279412A (zh) * 2019-06-20 2019-09-27 山东大学 一种儿科网络医院终端设备、系统及方法
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JP2004513711A (ja) 2004-05-13
AU2002219814A1 (en) 2002-05-27
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