CN1483285A - 利用多层视频编码系统通过异步传送模式/数字用户线路网络提供视频 - Google Patents

利用多层视频编码系统通过异步传送模式/数字用户线路网络提供视频 Download PDF

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CN1483285A
CN1483285A CNA018212743A CN01821274A CN1483285A CN 1483285 A CN1483285 A CN 1483285A CN A018212743 A CNA018212743 A CN A018212743A CN 01821274 A CN01821274 A CN 01821274A CN 1483285 A CN1483285 A CN 1483285A
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约翰・W・理查森
约翰·W·理查森
拉马斯瓦米
库马·拉马斯瓦米
・A・斯塔尔
托马斯·A·斯塔尔
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    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/647—Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
    • H04N21/64723—Monitoring of network processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of network load
    • H04N21/64738—Monitoring network characteristics, e.g. bandwidth, congestion level
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    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/647—Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
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    • H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications
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Abstract

一种通过网络(图1)提供视频的方法，包括：将数字压缩的视频信号分离成多个子信号(图1，第21项)；编码每个所述子信号(图1，第20项)；通过异步传送模式路径(图1，第10项)来发送每个子信号；接收每个子信号(图1，第22项)；以及按照适合于通过数字用户线路路径(图1，第12项)的后续接收的带宽选择某些子信号。优选的是，组合选择的子信号的步骤基于用于后续传输的数字用户线路路径(图1，第12项)的数据率容量。所选择的子信号的带宽被数字用户线路路径的数据率支持。

Description

利用多层视频编码系统通过异步传送 模式/数字用户线路网络提供视频
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及一种通信网络，具体涉及用于通过异步传送模式/数字用户线路(ATM/DSL)网络提供视频的多层视频编码系统。
背景技术
改变通信请求是将现有的公共信息网络从一个被限制到语音、文本和低分辨率图形的网络转换为能够将包括全动影象的多媒体带给这个世纪的每个人的家庭的强大系统。使得能够将现有的公共信息网络转换来容纳更高的带宽需要的一种重要的通信传输技术是被称为异步数字用户线路(ADSL)的调制解调器技术。ADSL将现有双绞线电话线转换为用于多媒体和高速数据通信的访问路径。ADSL可以在向用户的下游方向上发送高达9Mbps，并且在从用户向网络的上游方向中发送高达1Mbps。传输率依赖于用户距离中心局(CO)的距离。这样的传输率将访问容量以50或更高的因子扩展而不用安装新的电缆。
异步传输模式ATM是可以通过ADSL运行的、基于超高速单元的数据传输协议。通过在单条双绞线的任一端上的调制解调器来实现数字用户线路DSL技术，所述单条双绞线从电话中心局向用户的房屋提供普通老式电话业务POTS。数字用户线路访问复用器DSLAM是占用多条ADSL用户线路和将它们集中到单条ATM线路的设备。普通老式电话业务POTS是在双绞线上占用最低4kHz带宽的基本模拟电话业务。与POTS共享线路的任何业务必须或者使用高于POTS的频率、或者将POTS转换为数字的并且与其他数据信号交织。
ADSL相关的限制之一是带宽对距离问题。用户距离服务提供者的中心局(CO)越近，则可获得的带宽越大。用户越远，可获得的带宽越低。下表指示在与中心局(CO)增加的距离上的由ADSL支持的数据率。第一个(并且最高的)数是在第二个数是上游的比率的同时的下游的比率。
最大距离(英尺) 1000  3000  4000  6000  10,000  12,000  18,000
异步ADL(ADSL) 9Mbps/1Mbps  9Mbps/1Mbps  9Mbps/1Mbps  8.448Mbps/1Mbps  7Mbps/1Mbps  6.312Mbps/640Mbps  1.54Mbps/64kbps
这个带宽对距离关系使得向距离中心局远的用户提供视频服务具有挑战性的。在提供作为服务的视频的ADSL系统中，不是每个用户能够获得视频，因为它们可以获得的带宽数量不同。在视频材料源仅仅被以一个比率存储/编码的时候，不是所有的用户能够使用服务。
因此，需要通过获得依赖于可获得的带宽而不同的数据质量或分辨率来使得每个用户能够预订或使用诸如视频的高数据带宽业务。
发明内容
一种通过网络提供视频的方法，包括步骤：将数字压缩的视频信号分离成多个子信号，编码每个子信号，通过异步传送模式(ATM)路径来发送每个子信号，接收每个子信号，按照适合于通过数字用户线路(DSL)路径的后续接收的带宽选择某些子信号。
优选的是，选择某些子信号的步骤基于用于后续接收的数字用户线路(DSL)路径的数据率容量。所选择的子信号的带宽被数字用户线路(DSL)路径的数据率支持。
在另一方面，用于通过数字用户线路(DSL)路径提供视频的网络包括：客户住宅设备(CPE)，用于连接到用户的通信设备；数字用户线路访问复用器(DSLAM)，它通过数字用户线路(DSL)路径连接到客户住宅设备；异步传送模式(ATM)网络，连接在数字用户线路访问复用器(DSLAM)和视频信号源之间，所述视频信号源由多个视频层构成，当多个视频层组合时有助于视频信号的分辨率；网络控制，用于监视在到客户住宅设备(CPE)的数字用户线路(DSL)路径上可以获得的带宽，并且控制数字用户线路访问复用器(DSLAM)来向客户住宅设备(CPE)提供选择的那些视频层。
附图说明
通过考虑现在参照附图详细说明的本发明的说明性实施例，本发明的优点、本质和各种其他的特性将会变得更加清楚，其中：
图1是用于集成语音、数据和视频服务并且其中说明了本发明的使用的典型系统结构。
图2是典型的多层视频编码系统的方框图。
图3是本发明的通过ATM/DSL网络的多层编码传送的方框图。
图4是举例说明按照本发明通过3000英尺的传输距离和9Mbps的传输率接收高分辨率视频的客户的方框图。
图5是举例说明通过10,000英尺的传输距离和7Mbps的传输率接收中等分辨率视频的客户的方框图。
图6是是举例说明通过18,000英尺的传输距离和1.544Mbps的传输率接收低等分辨率视频的客户的方框图。
应当理解，这些附图用于说明本发明的思想，而不必定是用于说明本发明的唯一可能配置。在不同的附图中，相同的附图元件被标注相同的标号。
具体实施方式
如上所述，与DSL业务相关的带宽对距离问题使得向距离中心局远的客户提供视频服务成为挑战。本发明通过使得每个客户能够通过获得依赖于其带宽而不同的质量或分辨率的视频来使用视频服务而解决了这个问题。这个问题是通过使用分层的视频编码系统、然后将视频层扩展到多个ATM虚拟电路以向客户分发而被解决的。每个客户可以依赖于它们的可获得带宽而使用或连接到特定数量的ATM虚拟电路。
图1所示的用于集成语音、数据和视频业务的DSL系统结构1被提供作为典型的ATM/DSL网络环境，用于使用本发明的使能多层广播视频分发的方法。构成所述系统结构的单独块部件的细节对技术人员来说是公知的，将仅仅以足够理解本发明的细节来说明。系统块图1由几个功能块组成。系统域由中心局(CO)设备100和客户住宅设备(CPE)2组成。在系统域内的部件块和它们各自的接口是：客户住宅设备(CPE)，数字用户线路访问复用器(DSLAM)9，ATM转换器10，IP路由器13和DSL终端连接器12和网络控制系统(NCS)11。
客户住宅设备(CPE)2包括：一个DSL调制解调器单元，通过普通老式电话业务(POTS)与DSLAM连接；四个独立的模拟SLIC接口，连接到模拟电话3-6；到PC台式系统7的10Base-T以太网连接；到机顶盒的以太网或RS-422连接，所述机顶盒具有用于连接到电视机或视频显示器8`的解码器8。从客户的模拟端，CPE设备2接受来自每个电话3-6的模拟输入，将模拟输入转换为数字数据和将数据打包为ATM包(经由ATM的POTS)，其中每个连接具有唯一的虚拟信道标识符/虚拟路径标识符(VPI/PCI)。技术人员公知的是，ATM是面向连接的协议并且同样在每个单元首标中具有一个连接标识符，它明确地将一个单元与在物理链路上的给定虚拟信道相关联。连接标识符包括两个子字段，即虚拟信道标识符(VCI)和虚拟路径标识符(VPI)。这些标识符一起被用于通过网络多路复用、去复用和转换单元。VCI和VPI不是地址，而是当建立连接时被明确地分配到在连接的ATM结点之间的每个分段链路，并且在连接的持续时间期间保持不变。当使用VCI/VPI时，ATM层可以从多个连接异步地交织(复用)多个单元。
以太网数据也以唯一的VPI/VCI被封装到ATM单元中。ATM单元流被发送到DSL调制解调器以便被调制和提供到DSLAM单元9。
以其它方向传输的DSL信号被在客户住宅设备(CPE)2中的DSL调制解调器接收和解调，并且被提供到VPI/VCI检测处理。具有与终端用户的电话的VPI/VCI匹配的VPI/VCI的ATM单元数据随后被提取和转换为模拟POTS以提供到这个电话。具有与终端用户的以太网的VPI/VCI匹配的VPI/VCI的ATM单元数据被提取和提供到以太网收发器以提供到端口。
数字用户线路访问复用器DSLAM 9解调来自多个DSL调制解调器的数据，并且将数据集中到ATM干线网以连接到网络的其它部分。这个DSLAM通过将DSL线路集中到到ATM转换器10的ATM输出上而为基于包、单元和/或电路的应用提供回程服务。
ATM转换器10是ATM网络的干线。ATM转换器10在网络中执行各种功能，包括单元传送、复用和集中、业务控制和ATM层管理。ATM转换器在系统域100中具有特殊的重要性，提供与DSLAM、网络控制系统11和因特网网关(网际协议IP路由器13和DSL终端连接器12)相关的单元路由选择和缓冲，还提供与多个电话链路转换器15相关的T1电路模仿支持。T1电路提供以每秒8000帧发送的封装为193比特帧的24个语音信道。总比特率是1.544Mbps。未分帧的版本、或有用负荷包括192个比特帧，总比特率为1.536Mbps。
ATM转换器10如图所示连接到节目指南服务器/视频服务器16，节目指南服务器/视频服务器16连接到卫星17、无线广播站18和电缆网络19。ATM转换器10也通过DSL终端连接器12和IP路由器13对连接以从因特网14接收网际协议IP分组数据。
网络控制系统100规定地址解译、请求分配和呼叫管理功能。网络控制系统的主要功能是管理包括电话呼叫的起始地和终止地的DSL/ATM网络。NCS是在5级PSTN转换器(使用GR-303协议)和CPE之间的必要的控制实体通信和解译控制信息。网络控制系统100可以用于其他功能，诸如可下载到CPE的代码和带宽和呼叫管理(例如忙)功能以及其它服务提供和建立任务。NCS也建立在CO设备内的连接以便将视频取路由为从视频服务器到各种连接到DSLAM的CPE。
图2示出了基本多层视频编码系统20。视频信号输入23被接收到视频信号分离21功能块中。视频信号分离21电路用于将视频信号分离为从最不重要的层24到最重要的层25的多个层。这多个层24-25被接收到视频信号层组合器22功能块，它组合多个层以提供视频信号输出。
在多层编码之后的基本原理是视频信号被分离为各种图像细节的子信号，它们可以彼此无关地被解码和发送。一旦接收这些信号，则子信号可以被重新组合以形成输出信号。分层的编码一般通过防止损失感知的重要信息而提供实现误差控制的方式。例如，在网络阻塞的时候，有可能丢弃不太重要的分组而不在接收机的视频中产生灾难性的效果，其中在这些分组中包含的感知信息较少。在视频信息的多层编码中，第一编码层产生包括在接收机重建最基本的视频所需要的最重要信息的分组。其它附加层产生向视频提供附加细节的增进分组。
依赖于它们与服务提供者的中心局的距离而获得不同数量带宽的DSL系统的用户可以利用多层视频编码系统来用于提供视频。可以通过将这多个视频编码层扩展到多个ATM虚拟电路来做到此，如图3的30所示。视频服务器31将视频信号分离成多个ATM视频层37，它们被ATM转换器32作为多个视频层38发送到数字用户线路访问复用器(DSLAM)33。DSLAM 33分发这多个视频层以通过不同的DSL路径39、311和312来发送。如图所示，多个ATM视频层链路38的部分在下游被以9Mbps的数据率通过3000英尺长的DSL路径发送到客户住宅设备34。DSLAM 33通过10,000英尺的DSL路径311向第二客户住宅设备组35发送一些ATM视频层路径38。最后，DSLAM 33通过18,000英尺长的DSL路径312向第三客户住宅设备组36发送所述多个ATM视频层路径38的剩余部分。
在ATM/DSL网络中，每个视频层通过网络占用独立的ATM虚拟电路。客户住宅设备34-36将根据在客户和中心局(CO)之间可以获得的带宽来使用特定数量的视频流。每层视频可以占用特定数量的带宽。在图3的示例中，每层视频将占用1.5Mbps。在3000英尺距离内的客户能够获得9Mbps。因此，这个客户可以通过使用提供所感兴趣的视频内容和/或节目的所有ATM虚拟电路而获得满分辨率的视频、获得所提供的每层视频。相距18,000英尺的客户仅仅能够获得1.5Mbps。因此，这个客户可以通过使用仅仅一个ATM虚拟电路而仅仅获得一层视频。这些示例被图4-6的方框图图解。视频信号分离为多个层在视频服务器16进行，并且在多个ATM虚拟电路上提供。视频信号层组合在客户DSL调制解调器/客户住宅设备(CPE)2或机顶盒8进行。
在DSL路径39、311和3 12上的多个视频层38向第一、第二和第三客户住宅设备组34、35和36的分发在图4、5和6中分别被详细说明为40、50和60。可以通过比较图4、5和6看出，在DSL路径较短和下游数据率较高的地方，可以通过DSLAM 33单元组合更多的ATM虚拟电路的视频层。例如，通过3000英尺的DSL路径和9Mbps的下游数据率，3个视频层被组合来向下游装载到第一客户住宅设备组34。作为比较，对于10,000英尺的DSL距离和7Mbps的下游数据率，仅仅2个视频层信号被DSLAM电路33组合以向下游传输到第二客户住宅设备组35。对于18,000英尺的DSL数据路径和1.544Mbps的数据率，单一的视频层信号被通过这个DSL路径发送到连接到第三客户住宅设备组36的用户。图4、5和6的示例演示了如何可以通过降低将通过DSL路径被下载到用户的不太重要的视频层的数量来包容经由DSL路径距离视频信号源更远的用户。以这种方式，通过经由DSL路径下载到用户的降低分辨率的视频来包容更长的DSL距离。
图1中的网络控制系统100能够通过到DSLAM的通信路径来监视在每个单独的DLS链路上可以获得的带宽的数量。DSLAM 9将此数据通过到网络控制系统100。当客户或者通过频道改变或者通过加电而请求视频的一个频道时，网络控制系统将识别在DSLAM 9和客户住宅设备2之间的DSL链路上的带宽量，然后将用户连接到适合于所述DSL链路的带宽的视频编码层。客户连接到的视频层基于可以获得的带宽的数量。例如，如果可以获得9Mbps，则网络控制系统将根据每个视频层所表示的比率把诸如台式系统7的终端客户设备连接到仅仅一或两个视频编码层。网络控制系统自适应地通过基于可以获得的带宽数量的DSL链路而将客户连接到正确数量的视频信息和多个层(以ATM虚拟电路的形式)。而且，如果例如需要进行语音呼叫并且不能获得足够的带宽来进行呼叫，则可以丢弃增强的或更高的视频层，然后一旦结束了语音呼叫则重新将其连接。
虽然已经在此详细示出和说明了包含本发明的教程的实施例，本领域的技术人员可以容易地设计许多其它不同的仍然包含这些教程的实施例。

Claims (19)

1.一种通过网络提供视频的方法，包括下列步骤：
将数字压缩的视频信号分离成多个子信号；
编码每个所述子信号；
通过异步传送模式(ATM)路径来发送每个子信号；
接收每个子信号；以及
按照适合于通过数字用户线路(DSL)路径的后续接收的带宽选择某些子信号。
2.按照权利要求1的方法，其中所述选择所述子信号的步骤基于用于后续接收所述子信号的数字用户线路(DSL)路径的数据率容量。
3.按照权利要求2的方法，其中来自所述选择步骤的所述子信号的带宽被数字用户线路(DSL)路径的数据率支持。
4.按照权利要求1的方法，其中来自所述选择步骤的所述子信号的数量确定由用户接收的输出信号的视频分辨率。
5.按照权利要求1的方法，其中所述分离步骤包括以有助于视频信号的所期望的分辨率质量的形式形成所述子信号。
6.按照权利要求1的方法，还包括通过数字用户线路(DSL)路径向终端用户设备发送来自所述选择步骤的所述子信号。
7.按照权利要求1的方法，其中通过视频服务器来进行所述分离视频信号的步骤。
8.按照权利要求1的方法，其中通过客户住宅设备(CPE)进行接收每个子信号的步骤。
9.按照权利要求1的方法，其中异步传送模式(ATM)路径是通过异步传送模式(ATM)网络。
10.按照权利要求1的方法，其中分离步骤包括将子信号在多个异步传送模式(ATM)虚拟电路扩展。
11.按照权利要求1的方法，其中每个子信号具有小于视频信号带宽的带宽。
12.按照权利要求1的方法，还包括：在所述编码步骤之后，对每个所述子信号加上冗余或误差控制编码，并且在所述接收步骤之后，利用所述冗余或误差控制编码来解码所述子信号。
13.一种用于通过数字用户线路(DSL)路径提供视频的网络，包括：
客户住宅设备(CPE)，用于连接到用户的通信设备；
数字用户线路访问复用器(DSLAM)，它通过数字用户线路(DSL)路径连接到客户住宅设备；
异步传送模式(ATM)网络，连接在数字用户线路访问复用器(DSLAM)和视频信号源之间，所述视频信号源由多个视频层构成，当多个视频层组合时有助于视频信号的分辨率；
网络控制，用于监视在到客户住宅设备(CPE)的数字用户线路(DSL)路径上可以获得的带宽，并且控制数字用户线路访问复用器(DSLAM)来向客户住宅设备(CPE)提供选择的那些视频层。
14.按照权利要求13的网络，其中多个视频层占用多个和独立的异步传送模式(ATM)虚拟电路。
15.按照权利要求13的网络，其中所述用户的通信设备至少包括台式系统和用于连接到视频显示器的具有解码器的机顶盒之一。
16.按照权利要求13的网络，其中响应于所述网络控制，数字用户线路访问复用器(DSLAM)按照要提供到客户住宅设备(CPE)的视频信号的优选的部分分辨率提供多个视频层。
17.按照权利要求13的网络，其中通过从数字用户线路访问复用器(DSLAM)到客户住宅设备(CPE)的布线距离来确定在数字用户线路(DSL)路径上可以获得的带宽。
18.按照权利要求13的网络，其中，按照多个视频层的特定的一个如何重要来将多个视频层的选择的视频层提供到所述客户住宅设备以满足所述可以获得的带宽，以便在所述客户住宅设备(CPE)提供所期望的视频信号的部分分辨率。
19.按照权利要求13的网络，其中，在DSL路径长度降低时，数字用户线路访问复用器(DSLAM)可以通过数字用户线路(DSL)路径提供更多个所述多个视频层。
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KR20030091949A (ko) 2003-12-03
CN1218573C (zh) 2005-09-07
US20040071216A1 (en) 2004-04-15
EP1360837A1 (en) 2003-11-12
WO2002051149A1 (en) 2002-06-27
AU2002232773A1 (en) 2002-07-01
EP1360837A4 (en) 2006-02-15

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