CN1481939A - Fistular cathodic axial powder feeding plasma painting gun - Google Patents
Fistular cathodic axial powder feeding plasma painting gun Download PDFInfo
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- CN1481939A CN1481939A CNA021493537A CN02149353A CN1481939A CN 1481939 A CN1481939 A CN 1481939A CN A021493537 A CNA021493537 A CN A021493537A CN 02149353 A CN02149353 A CN 02149353A CN 1481939 A CN1481939 A CN 1481939A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to one kind of axially powder-feeding plasma spray gun for improved plasma spraying technological process. The spray gun consists of water-cooled hollow cathode and tubular anode. The sprayed powder material is fed through the hollow cathode and heated in the high temperature area inside the spray gun to reach melt state gradually before leaving from the spray gun and being sprayed at high speed to the surface of the workpiece to be sprayed to form plasma coating with specific performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plasma spraying gun, relate in particular to a kind of plasma spraying gun of axial powder feed formula.
Background technology
Plasma spraying is to utilize electric energy that gases such as argon gas, nitrogen and hydrogen are converted into the high-temperature plasma jet, will the spray metal, powder heating such as metal oxide and pottery, quicken, be ejected on the workpiece then.
Common plasma spraying gun has bar-shaped negative electrode and sheath, the powder body material that sprays is that exit at paint spray gun is from radially sending into plasma jet, see " Plasma Spraying of Metallic and Ceramic Materials " that D.Matejka and B.Benko is shown, New York, 1989.The shortcoming of this paint spray gun is: because powder is just sent into plasma jet outside nozzle, be not fully used in the high-temperature region of plasma, and high-temperature plasma gas is after the nozzle ejection, sharply descended by the temperature that influences of extraneous air blending, simultaneously because the dispersiveness of powder body material grain diameter make bulky grain easily pass plasma jet, and small-particulate materials is difficult for entering plasma jet, thereby powder body material to add thermal effect relatively poor, capacity usage ratio is very low.
In order to improve above-mentioned defective; occurred in the known technology powder is sent between negative electrode and anode; powder is heated in nozzle; quicken; make full use of the plasma spray gun of plasma fuel factor; as shown in Figure 1; be that Granted publication number is the disclosed a kind of plasma spray apparatus of the Chinese patent of CN 2411260Y (application number is 99243441.6); comprise negative electrode tungsten bar 101; anode nozzle 102; insulation crust 103; ceramic protecting pipe 104; cathode 105; metallic object shell 106; powder feeding path 10 7 and plenum duct 108; its powder is promptly to have sent into plasma jet in the rifle body; thereby can utilize the high-temperature region of plasma gas to heat, improved the heat exchange of powder and plasma gas.But because powder is from radially sending into, the high speed plasma jet has the extrapolation effect to the powder that injects, and makes powder be difficult for entering, and causes the powder body material heating inhomogeneous, and the utilization rate of powder body material is lower, and the quality of coating does not guarantee.
Adopt the technology of axial powder feed promptly can improve energy utilization ratio, also can improve the uniformity that variable grain is heated in the powder body material, improve the utilization rate of sprayed on material, improve the quality of coating.United States Patent (USP) 5,008,511 disclose a kind of many cathode plasmas paint spray gun that adopts the axial powder feed technology, this paint spray gun has three cathode assemblies, cavity around the cathode assembly has formed the passage of plasma gas, after being formed on the electric arc heated formation plasma jet between cathode assembly and the anode assembly, be intersected in the crosspoint, more together through the nozzle ejection with the powder that flows out from the powder feeding passage.The plasma spray gun of this many negative electrodes axial powder feed formula all has obvious improvement aspect the coating quality improving capacity usage ratio and improve, but clearly, there are shortcomings such as complex structure, processing are difficult for, cost height in it, and need three cover power supplys to supply with three cathode assemblies, Operation and Maintenance inconvenience respectively.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the objective of the invention is to overcome the existing radially shortcoming of dust feeder, in order to improve coating quality and to reduce cost, thereby provide a kind of simple in structure, easy to operate, axial powder feed plasma spraying gun for ease of maintenaince.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of plasma spraying gun, comprise a cathode assembly, an anode assembly and a seal, also be provided with powder feeding passage, plenum duct and cooling duct in the rifle body, described anode assembly has a nozzle that is communicated with described plenum duct, it is characterized in that: the axis direction of described cathode assembly have one with described nozzle shaft to mesopore consistent and that be communicated with described nozzle, this mesopore constitutes described powder feeding passage.
In the such scheme, be characterized in that described cathode assembly comprises a negative electrode and a cathode block that a negative electrode powder feeding bar, with mesopore has mesopore, the mesopore that described negative electrode powder feeding bar and negative electrode connect mutually constitutes described powder feeding passage, and described cathode block is socketed on the described negative electrode.
In the such scheme, be characterized in that described cathode assembly also comprises a cathode sheath and a water guide cover, described cathode sheath is socketed on described negative electrode and leads the side of powder bar near powder inlet, the two ends of described water guide cover are connected with cathode block with described cathode sheath respectively, be sheathed on described negative electrode and lead the outside of powder bar, and and described negative electrode lead between the powder bar cooling duct that forms a ring-type.
In the such scheme, be characterized in that described anode assembly comprises an anode and is sheathed on the outer anode body of this anode, this anode is a tubular structure, its middle part is a straight section, this straight section to its exit is the conical section of an expansion, the cavity of this straight section and this conical section constitutes described nozzle, this conical section conical surface and described anode shaft to angle be the 10-30 degree.
In the such scheme, inlet to its straight section that is characterized in described anode is a conical section that shrinks, and the front end of described cathode block and described negative electrode then forms corresponding pyramidal structure, and and the conical section of described anode inlet between have a slit.
In the such scheme, be characterized in that described negative electrode is a cerium tungsten material with holes, the material of anode is a copper.
In the such scheme, be characterized in that described insulation sleeve is connected between described cathode assembly and the anode assembly, which is provided with the inlet of plenum duct, described plenum duct is made of the slit between described cathode assembly and described anode assembly or the described insulation sleeve, its direction is axial consistent with described powder feeding passage, and gas componant can adopt the mist of nitrogen, argon gas and hydrogen.
In the such scheme, the diameter that is characterized in described anode straightway is the 7-10 millimeter, and length is the 30-40 millimeter.
In the such scheme, be characterized in that the diameter of the mesopore of described negative electrode powder feeding bar and negative electrode is the 3-6 millimeter.
In the such scheme, be characterized in hollow cathode is sent into the process of powder body material, will importing gas in right amount, make paint spray gun reach the condition of steady operation.
As from the foregoing, the powder body material that the present invention will spray is the internal high temperature district that sends into paint spray gun from the mesopore of negative electrode, its direction is consistent with the direction of plasma gases flow, and just heated in the inside of paint spray gun, advantage with capacity usage ratio height, powder homogeneous heating, simultaneously, the present invention has only a cathode assembly and a cover power supply, compare with many cathode types paint spray gun of same employing axial powder feed technology, it is little to have volume, simple in structure, easy processing, is convenient to operating maintenance and the low advantage of equipment cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for adopting the structure chart of the plasma spray apparatus of radially powder feeding technology in the known technology;
Fig. 2 is a kind of example structure figure of hollow cathode axial powder feed plasma spraying gun of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 2 represents the structure of the axial powder feed plasma spraying gun of the embodiment of the invention, and it comprises clamp nut 1, anode body 2, insulation sleeve 3, cathode sheath 4, negative electrode powder feeding bar 5, water guide cover 6, cathode block 7, negative electrode 8 and anode 9.
Cathode sheath 4, negative electrode powder feeding bar 5, water guide cover 6, cathode block 7 and negative electrode 8 have been formed cathode assembly, negative electrode 8 wherein and negative electrode powder feeding bar 5 are hollow tubular structure, its axis direction all has the mesopore of mutual perforation, constituted the powder feeding passage of paint spray gun jointly, the diameter of mesopore is elected the 3-6 millimeter as.Cathode block 7 is socketed on the negative electrode, is used to cool off negative electrode 8, and this negative electrode and cathode block are replaceable.Described cathode sheath 4 is socketed on described negative electrode and leads the side of powder bar 5 near powder inlet, the two ends of water guide cover 6 are connected with cathode block 7 with cathode sheath 4 respectively, be sheathed on negative electrode and lead the outside of powder bar 5, and and negative electrode leads between the powder bar 5 cooling-water duct that forms a ring-type, and the inlet of cooling water is established on the cathode sheath 4.
And anode assembly comprises an anode 9 and be sheathed on the outer anode body 2 of this anode, 9 cavitys that are formed with a cooling water of anode body 2 and anode.This anode is a tubular structure, and its middle part is a straight section, is a conical section 92 that shrinks from anode inlet to this straight section 91, and is the conical section 93 of an expansion from straight section to its exit, the active area of powder in the time of can regulating spraying.The described nozzle of the common formation of the cavity of the conical section 93 in straight section 91 and exit, the axis of nozzle is identical with the axis of powder feeding passage.In order to obtain preferable spraying effect, the diameter of anode straightway is the 7-10 millimeter in the present embodiment, and length is the 30-40 millimeter, the conical surface of conical section 93 and described anode shaft to angle be the 10-30 degree.
In the present embodiment, the front end of cathode block 7 and negative electrode 8 forms the pyramidal structure corresponding to conical section 92, and and 92 of this conical sections have a slit, can improve the job stability of plasma generator.
Insulation sleeve 3 is connected between cathode sheath 4 and the anode body 2, be used to isolate negative electrode 8 and anode 9, which is provided with the inlet of plenum duct, plenum duct is made of between cathode assembly and the anode assembly and the slit between cathode assembly and the insulation sleeve, before its direction is intersected in nozzle with the axial consistent of powder feeding passage and with the powder feeding passage.
Insulation sleeve 4 can be made with poly-tetrafluoro material such as alkene or nylon.Negative electrode is made by cerium tungsten material with holes, and anode is a copper, and anode and negative electrode all adopt water-cooling structure.
The operation principle of hollow cathode formula axial powder feed plasma spraying gun of the present invention and common plasma spraying gun basic identical, but negative electrode is to be designed to form with holes, the powder body material of spraying usefulness is from then on to send into paint spray gun in the hole, in sending into the process of powder body material, to import auxilliary gas in right amount, make paint spray gun reach the condition of steady operation; Paint spray gun is in when work, and main gas is to send into the slit between cathode assembly and anode assembly, and gas componant can adopt the mist of nitrogen, argon gas and hydrogen; Electric arc is to produce between hollow cathode and sheath, and heated air, form plasma jet, the cathode arc root of electric arc is rotation around the hollow cathode end, the arc root of anode then is on the conical surface of anode export, therefore the scaling loss of electrode is not too serious, and electric arc can also stably be worked simultaneously.After powder body material enters plasma spraying gun from the mesopore of negative electrode, move downstream along the axis direction identical with plasma jet, and quickened gradually, heat by plasma, last exit at plasma spraying gun, be ejected on the workpiece that will spray with very high speed, form plasma coating.
In the present embodiment, plasma spraying gun uses the direct-current plasma power supply, and the arc power of plasma spraying gun is 10-30 kilowatt.Spraying used gas is the mist of nitrogen, argon gas, also can add a spot of hydrogen.In order to make plasma spraying gun energy steady operation, arc current and gas flow must be controlled within the specific limits, and particularly the flow of auxilliary gas will be controlled in the suitable scope.
In practice, adopt axial powder feed plasma spraying gun (12 kilowatts of power) the spraying aluminum oxide coating of the embodiment of the invention, resulting coating major parameter sees Table 1.
Table 1: plasma spray parameters
| Test number (TN) | Powder body material | Arc current (A) | Arc voltage (V) | Gas flow (L/h) | Powder sending quantity (g/h) | Coating layer thickness (mm) |
| ????1 | ??Al 2O 3 | ????220 | ????60 | ????1200(Ar) ????300(N 2) | ????550 | ????0.4 ????0.4 |
| ????2 | ??Al 2O 3 | ????200 | ????60 | ????1100(Ar) ????300(N 2) | ????500 | ????0.3 |
Claims (9)
1, a kind of plasma spraying gun comprises a cathode assembly, an anode assembly and a seal, also is provided with powder feeding passage, plenum duct and cooling duct in the rifle body, and described anode assembly has a nozzle that is communicated with described plenum duct, it is characterized in that:
The axis direction of described cathode assembly have one with described nozzle shaft to mesopore consistent and that be communicated with described nozzle, this mesopore constitutes described powder feeding passage.
2, plasma spraying gun as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described cathode assembly comprises a negative electrode and a cathode block that a negative electrode powder feeding bar, with mesopore has mesopore, the mesopore that described negative electrode powder feeding bar and negative electrode connect mutually constitutes described powder feeding passage, and described cathode block is socketed on the described negative electrode.
3, plasma spraying gun as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described cathode assembly also comprises a cathode sheath and a water guide cover, described cathode sheath is socketed on described negative electrode and leads the side of powder bar near powder inlet, the two ends of described water guide cover are connected with cathode block with described cathode sheath respectively, be sheathed on described negative electrode and lead the outside of powder bar, and and described negative electrode lead between the powder bar cooling duct that forms a ring-type.
4, plasma spraying gun as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described anode assembly comprises an anode and is sheathed on the outer anode body of this anode, this anode is a tubular structure, its middle part is a straight section, this straight section to its exit is the conical section of an expansion, the cavity of this straight section and this conical section constitutes described nozzle, this conical section conical surface and described anode shaft to angle be the 10-30 degree.
5, plasma spraying gun as claimed in claim 4, inlet to its straight section that it is characterized in that described anode is a conical section that shrinks, the front end of described cathode block and described negative electrode then forms corresponding pyramidal structure, and and the conical section of described anode inlet between have a slit.
6, plasma spraying gun as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described negative electrode is a cerium tungsten material with holes, and the material of anode is a copper.
7, plasma spraying gun as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described insulation sleeve is connected between described cathode assembly and the anode assembly, which is provided with the inlet of plenum duct, described plenum duct is made of the slit between described cathode assembly and described anode assembly or the described insulation sleeve, and its direction is axial consistent with described powder feeding passage.
8, plasma spraying gun as claimed in claim 4, the diameter that it is characterized in that described anode straightway is the 7-10 millimeter, length is the 30-40 millimeter.
9, plasma spraying gun as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that the diameter of the mesopore of described negative electrode powder feeding bar and negative electrode is the 3-6 millimeter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA021493537A CN1481939A (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2002-11-13 | Fistular cathodic axial powder feeding plasma painting gun |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN02129535 | 2002-09-12 | ||
| CN02129535.2 | 2002-09-12 | ||
| CNA021493537A CN1481939A (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2002-11-13 | Fistular cathodic axial powder feeding plasma painting gun |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1481939A true CN1481939A (en) | 2004-03-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNA021493537A Pending CN1481939A (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2002-11-13 | Fistular cathodic axial powder feeding plasma painting gun |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102271451A (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2011-12-07 | 成都阳流科技发展有限公司 | Cathode structure of laminar flow electric arc plasma generator |
| CN103537388A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-01-29 | 芜湖鼎恒材料技术有限公司 | Long-life spray gun powder feeding tube |
| CN105282954A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2016-01-27 | 成都真火科技有限公司 | Method for enhancing stability of laminar plasma generator |
| CN107876768A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-06 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of plasma 3D printing apparatus and method and its application in the reparation of special, wear-resistant material |
| CN110302909A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-10-08 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | A kind of high-power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray rifle |
| CN115679240A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-02-03 | 西安交通大学 | High-energy plasma spray gun device and method for in-situ atomization of metal or ceramic powder |
-
2002
- 2002-11-13 CN CNA021493537A patent/CN1481939A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102271451A (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2011-12-07 | 成都阳流科技发展有限公司 | Cathode structure of laminar flow electric arc plasma generator |
| CN102271451B (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2016-01-06 | 四川金虹等离子技术有限公司 | A kind of cathode construction of laminar flow electric arc plasma generator |
| CN103537388A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-01-29 | 芜湖鼎恒材料技术有限公司 | Long-life spray gun powder feeding tube |
| CN103537388B (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2016-06-08 | 芜湖鼎瀚再制造技术有限公司 | A kind of spray gun powder conveying pipe |
| CN105282954A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2016-01-27 | 成都真火科技有限公司 | Method for enhancing stability of laminar plasma generator |
| CN107876768A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-06 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of plasma 3D printing apparatus and method and its application in the reparation of special, wear-resistant material |
| CN110302909A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-10-08 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | A kind of high-power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray rifle |
| CN110302909B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2024-03-15 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | High-power hot cathode supersonic plasma spraying gun |
| CN115679240A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-02-03 | 西安交通大学 | High-energy plasma spray gun device and method for in-situ atomization of metal or ceramic powder |
| CN115679240B (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-11-14 | 西安交通大学 | High-energy plasma spray gun device and method for in-situ atomizing metal or ceramic powder |
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