CN1475908A - 用于将动作与电子文档中的语义标签相关联的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于将动作与电子文档中的语义标签相关联的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN1475908A
CN1475908A CNA031471285A CN03147128A CN1475908A CN 1475908 A CN1475908 A CN 1475908A CN A031471285 A CNA031471285 A CN A031471285A CN 03147128 A CN03147128 A CN 03147128A CN 1475908 A CN1475908 A CN 1475908A
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J·C·雷纳
���Ļ�
M·萨维茨基
B·M·琼斯
ض�
R·A·利特尔
C·H·普拉特莱伊
P·布罗曼
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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Abstract

给出了用来将动作与电子文档中的语义标签相关联的方法和系统。在应用程序模块中创建或编辑该文档,而且该电子文档的部分用语义标签做了注释。应用程序模块将语义标签传递给动作DLL。动作DLL负责与应用程序模块通信,将标签传输给动作插件程序,并从动作插件程序中接收要与标签相关联的动作。应用程序模块与动作DLL通信以重新获得与语义标签相关联的动作,并将它们显示给用户。能用可扩展标记语言(XML)来创建文档,并可使用XML标签对该文档做注释。语义标签可与文本串或图形对象相关联。

Description

用于将动作与电子文档中的语义标签相关联的方法和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及用于将动作与电子文档中的语义标签相关联的方法和系统。
背景技术
诸如字处理文档、电子邮件消息和电子数据表文档这样的电子文档通常包括公认为属于某个语义范畴,并与相应于该范畴的一个或多个动作相关联的信息。该语义信息的识别和使用增强了桌面软件应用程序及其它桌面应用程序和/或基于网络应用程序之间的互用性。范例功能、特性和操作可包括自动对电子邮件消息选址(addressing)、在协同操作数据库(cooperation database)中进行查寻(look up)、提供到一个或多个国际互联网网页的超链接以及提供增强内容。
这里识别串的一个方案包括利用应用程序模块将输入到电子文档中的文本串(例如,段落)传递到识别器(recognizer)。该识别器分析串的已知关键词,这些关键词然后被编译为语义范畴。接着,每个已识别的串被标注上其所属语义范畴的标题。例如,当用户键入识别器能识别为关键词的串“Bob Smith”时,该识别器将该串编译成标注为“姓名”的语义范畴。在该串编译后,应用程序模块可将与电子文档中语义范畴标签相关联的动作选择显示给用户。例如,语义范畴标签“姓名”可与动作“将姓名加到联系文件夹中(contactfolder)”相关联。
独立的软件开发者通常不在确定单个用户需要在电子文档中识别所有语义信息的最佳位置。然而,当前的方案有这样的限制,即这些方案需要电子文档中的文本串来包含识别器所识别的关键词,以合并为语义范畴标签并执行到用户的可用动作。也就是说,若文本串(如某人的姓名)与识别器所识别的一列关键词不匹配的话,该串就不会标注为语义范畴,而且也没有动作与该串相关联。而且,当前的方案受到进一步限制,即它们不能识别并将动作与可能在文档中的非串数据(如图像、照片、图画和其它可插入对象)相关联。
这样,需要一种方法和系统,使动作与任意字符串或电子文档中的图像、照片、图片和其它插件的其它内容类型相关联,而不需要识别。
发明内容
本发明的例证性实施例通过提供将动作与进行语义标注的文本串或其它不需要识别内容相关联的方法和系统来满足上述需要。
在一个实施例中,本发明提供了用于将动作与电子文档中的语义标签相关联的方法。当在应用程序模块中创建或编辑文档时,电子文档的部分用语义标签做了注释。在本实施例中,能使用可扩展标记语言(XML)来创建文档,而且该语义标签可为XML标签。然后,该应用程序模块将该标签传递给动作DLL。动作DLL负责与应用程序模块进行通信,将标签传送给动作插件程序,以及接收来自动作插件程序并与标签相关联的动作。该应用程序模块与动作DLL进行通信以重新得到与语义标签相关联的动作,并将这些动作显示给用户。该语义标签可与文本串或图形对象相关联。
结合附图和如权利要求,我们可以更清楚的了解本发明的这些和其它的特性、优点和方面,并形成了下面说明实施例详细描述的很好回顾。
附图说明
图1是提供本发明范例操作环境的计算机方框图。
图2是连同本发明的一个实施例使用的范例结构的方框图。
图3是依照本发明的一个例证性实施例,在电子文档的创建过程中合并语义标签和动作方法的流程图。
图4是依照本发明的一个例证性实施例,将动作与语义标签相关联的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明旨在说明将动作与电子文档中的语义标签相关联的方法和系统。
在一个实施例中,本发明被合并到一套作为“OFFICE”的应用程序中,更具体的说,本发明被合并到题名为“WORD”的字处理应用程序和题名为“EXCEL”的电子数据表应用程序,这两个应用程序由华盛顿雷德蒙(Redmond)的微软公司在市面上进行交易。简言之,该应用程序允许用户通过输入字符、符号、图形对象和命令来创建并编辑电子文档。
在一个实施例中,本发明包括将动作与电子文档中的语义标签相关联。当在应用程序模块中创建该文档时,电子文档的部分用语义标签做了注释。然后,应用程序模块将该标签传递给动作DLL。动作DLL负责与应用程序模块进行通信,将标签传送给动作插件程序,以及接收来自动作插件程序并与标签相关联的动作。该应用程序模块与动作DLL进行通信以重新得到与语义标签相关联的动作,并将这些动作显示给用户。
在简要说明了本发明的例证性实施例之后,下面说明本发明的例证性操作环境。
范例操作环境
现在结合附图,其中相似的数字代表几个图形中相似的元素,接着将说明本发明的方面和范例操作环境。
通过图1和下面的讨论,这里提供了其中将实现本发明的合适计算环境的简单和一般性说明。虽然将在运行在与个人计算机相联系操作系统中的一般上下文中说明本发明,但是本领域的熟练技术人员会认识到本发明也可与其它程序模块组合使用。通常,程序模块包括例程(routines)、程序、组件、数据结构等,它们执行特定任务或实现特定的抽象数据类型。而且,值得本领域的熟练技术人员庆幸的是,可用其它计算机系统配置来实施本发明,这些配置包括手持装置、多处理器系统、基于微处理器或可编程消费者电子装置(microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics)、移动电话(cellphones)、小型机、大型计算机和类似的装置。也可在分布计算环境中来实施本发明,这是由通过通信网络连接的远程处理装置来执行任务的。在分布计算环境中,程序模块既可位于本地存储器存储装置中,也可位于远程存储器存储装置中。
结合图1,实现本发明的范例系统包括常规个人计算机20,它包括处理单元21、系统存储器22和将系统存储器和处理单元21结合在一起的系统总线23。系统存储器22包括只读存储器(ROM)24和随机存取存储器(RAM)25。基本输入/输出系统26(BIOS)包括帮助将信息在个人计算机20中的元件之间传递的基本例程,例如启动阶段时存储在ROM 24中的例程。个人计算机进一步包括硬盘驱动器27、诸如读出或写到可移动盘29的磁盘驱动器28以及诸如读CD-ROM盘31或读出或写到其它光媒体的光盘驱动器30。硬盘驱动器27、磁盘驱动器28和光盘驱动器分别通过硬盘驱动接口32、磁盘驱动接口33和光盘驱动接口34连接到系统总线23上。该存储器和与其相关联的计算机可读媒体提供了对个人计算机20的非易失性存储。尽管上述的计算机可读媒体涉及到硬盘、可移动磁盘和CD-ROM盘,值得本领域的熟练技术人员庆幸的是计算机可读的其它类型媒体,如磁带盒、闪存卡、数字视频盘、柏努利筒(Bernoulli cartridges)以及类似的媒体类型,也可用于范例操作环境中。
许多程序模块也可保存在驱动器和RAM25中,这些模块包括操作系统35、一个或多个应用程序36、字处理器程序模块37(或其它类型的程序模块)、程序数据38以及其它的程序模块(未示出)。
用户可通过键盘40和诸如鼠标器的指点装置将命令和信息输入到个人计算机20中。其它的输入装置(未示出)可包括扩音器、操纵杆、游戏垫、圆盘式卫星电视天线、扫描仪或类似的装置。这些和其它的输入装置通常通过与系统总线结合的串行端口接口46连接到处理单元21,但它们也可通过诸如游戏端口或通用串行总线(USB)这样的其它接口来连接。监视器47或其它类型的显示装置也通过诸如视频适配器48这样的接口连接到系统总线23上。除监视器外,个人计算机通常包括诸如扬声器或打印机这样的其它外围输出装置(未示出)。
个人计算机20可在使用到一个或多个诸如远程计算机49这样的远程计算机逻辑连接的网络环境中工作。该远程计算机49可为服务器、路由器、对等装置(peer device)或其它的共用网络节点,它通常包括所述相对于个人计算机20的许多或所有元件,尽管图1只阐明了存储器存储装置50。图1描述的逻辑连接包括本地网(LAN)51和广域网(WAN)52。这些网络环境在办公室、全企业计算机网络(enterprise-wide computer networks)、局内网(intranets)和国际互联网。
当个人计算机20使用在LAN网络环境中时,它通过网络接口53连接到LAN51上。当个人计算机20使用在WAN网络环境中时,它通常包括调制解调器54或在诸如国际互联网这样的WAN 52上建立通信的其它装置。可为内置或外置的调制解调器54通过串行端口接口46连接到系统总线23上。在网络化环境中,描述的相对于个人计算机20或其部分的程序模块可保存在远程存储器存储装置中。值得庆幸的是,所示的网络连接是范例性的,也可使用其它在计算机之间建立通信连接的装置。
图2是相应本发明的一个实施例使用的范例结构200的方块图。该结构包括诸如字处理器程序模块37这样的应用程序模块205(图1)。该应用程序模块205能在用户对电子文档进行创建、编辑、查看等操作时与动作动态链接库215(以下称动作DLL)通信。动作是应用于已键入的串或诸如图像、照片或图画这样其它内容的用户初始化功能。动作DLL215控制许多动作插件程序225。动作DLL也控制类型动作(type-action)数据库230。
在例证性实施例中,动作插件程序是自动化服务器。自动化服务器是熟知的被集合到程序中或功能性加到运行在微软WINDOWS操作系统上已存在程序中的软件组件。自动化服务器可用不同的计算语言来写,也可从正在运行的程序里去除,而不必重新编译程序。
动作DLL215管理通过运行来执行动作的动作插件程序225。动作225可用应用程序模块205包裹(packaged)或由第三方写,以执行引起第三方兴趣的特定动作。以与串或其它内容相关联的类型标签为基础,动作插件程序给出了要提供给用户的可能动作。动作DLL215确定语义范畴包括何种类型的标签,并将类型动作数据库230中的类型标签与一列动作进行参照以确定将何动作提供给用户。我们应知道,在例证性实施例中,没有使用该类型动作数据库。而是通过访问注册(look in registry)动态创建每种类型的动作列表,以确定安装了哪个动作,接着询问动作DLL以确定它们应用到何种类型。
在用户选择动作后,动作DLL215管理合适的动作插件程序225并在动作插件程序和应用程序接口205之间传递必要的信息以使该动作插件程序可执行我们想要的动作。通常,应用程序模块发送自动化需求的动作DLL以调用用户已选择的动作。
在用户机器没有保存这些类型标签的动作插件程序的情况下,可将类型标签提供给下载URL。若用户没有相应于标签的动作插件程序DLL225,那么该下载URL可被用来将用户网络浏览器导航到恰当的网站以下载该动作插件程序。在本发明的其它实施例中,可将多下载URL提供给单类型标签。
在说明了范例结构之后,下面将结合图2和图3说明在文档创建过程中对进行语义标注串的范例方法300。
在文档创建过程中合并语义标签和动作的方法
图3是在电子文档的创建过程中合并语义标签和动作的方法300的流程图。值得本领域的熟练技术人员庆幸的是,这是计算机实现过程,它通过响应来自用户的输入和程序模块提供的指令,由计算机来执行。在本实施例中,用户可为软件开发者。
结合图3,方法300在开始步骤305处开始工作,并当开发者在应用程序模块205中创建电子文档时,前进到步骤310。在本发明的一个实施例中,该文档可能是允许用户输入文本串或诸如图像、照片或图画这样相应于该文档其它内容的模板格式。例如,若该文档是遗嘱模板,则该文档可有部分,让用户输入诸如姓名、居住地、财产指定遗嘱执行者和受益人这样的信息。或者,若该文档是新闻文章,则该文档可有部分,让用户插入相关的图片。或者,若该文档是商业出版物,则该电子文档是字处理文档或电子数据表文档。然而,该方法不局限于这些特定的电子文档类型。
在步骤310,文档的部分用要与开发者创建的动作相关联的语义标签做了注释。例如,若正创建的文档是具有需求某个人居住部分的遗嘱模板,并且该部分用语义标签“居住地”做了注释,则不论用户是否输入该文本串,对“居住地”标签的动作将可用于该部分。在本发明的一个实施例中,在XML中创建该文本,并使用XML标签对该文本做了注释以标注该文本。可使用任何编辑工具或XML编辑工具来写XML。例如,遗嘱模板的居住地部分可用<place of residence>XML元素来做注释。然后,方法300前进到步骤315。
在步骤315,开发者创建动作插件程序225用来在已注释的文档中提供和执行每个语义标签(如XML元素)的动作。在串用特定的语义标签标注后,用户将可执行与该标签相关的动作插件程序。例如,对遗嘱文档中的“居住地”标签,开发者可创建将选项提供给用户来回顾相对于遗嘱的法律,其中该遗嘱是特别针对用户的居住状态的。接着,该方法300在步骤399处结束。
将动作与语义标签相关联的方法
图4是用于将已创建的语义标签与上面图2和图3所讨论的动作插件程序225相关联的方法400。值得本领域熟练的技术人员庆幸的是,这是计算机实现的过程,是通过响应来自用户的输入和程序模块提供的指令来执行该过程的。
结合图4,方法400在开始步骤405开始,并当用户打开应用程序模块205中的电子文档(如图3所述的遗嘱模板)时,前进到步骤410中。在一个实施例中,该电子文档是字处理文档或电子数据表文档。然而,本发明并不局限于这些特定的电子文档类型。
在步骤415处,用户在串上移动(hover)指针或将插入点置于合并语义标签文档部分中的串里,这引起在步骤420中将下拉菜单(dropdown menu)显示给用户。该下拉菜单通常显示与语义标签相关联的一列动作。该下拉菜单通常在上面显示并位于语义标签的左边。例如,若用户在标注为“居住地”的部分中键入串“Redmond,Washington”,则该下拉菜单可能显示动作,允许用户在华盛顿州中回顾涉及遗嘱的法律。应了解的是,应用程序模块205将需求发送到动作DLL215中,以确定哪个动作被示出了每个语义标签。然后,该方法前进到步骤425中。
在本发明的一个实施例中,应用程序模块205可包括显示文档内用户接口(in-document user interface)来表示语义标签的位置。该文档内用户接口可使用颜色表示法(colored indication)来表示诸如括弧或在下面划线这样的语义标签的位置。例如,若用户在标注为具有类型标签“居住地”的语义范畴的文档部分中键入串“Redmond,Washington”,则该文档可能看上去像这样,有表示语义标签的括弧:
[Redmond,Washington]
当然,该文档内用户接口可为任何表示类型。
在步骤425中,用户被赋予从显示于步骤415中的下拉菜单中选择其中一个动作的选项。若用户不选择动作,该下拉菜单将保持显示状态,直到用户将指针或插入点定位到文档的另一个部分。若用户不选择来自下拉菜单的动作(例如,通过鼠标敲击(clicking)选择),则该方法前进到步骤430中。
在步骤430中,在用户选择了动作之后,动作DLL从合适的动作插件程序中重新找回已选择的动作。该动作插件程序更适宜是通过应用程序模块和动作DLL之间通信执行的COM对象。必要执行动作的参数(标注为是特定类型串的XML标记,内容的XML标记代表当前选择)将从应用程序模块传递到动作DLL,并依次传递到动作插件程序中。在执行了动作之后,该方法返回到步骤410中,其中用户可重定位指针或在文档中的另一个语义标签上移动。然后,方法400在步骤499处结束。
在另一个实施例中,动作可与存在文档的部分相关联。例如,法院可能接收到诸如电子形式的财产契约(property deed)这样的法律文件。该财产契约可能已具有诸如财产位置、付费数量和财产边界说明(description of the propertyboundaries)这样的特定结构。开发者可用特定计划(schematic)中的语义标签(如XML)来做注释,并创建动作,用以提供对出现在文档中该计划特定元素的功能性。这样,与该契约的位置部分相关联的动作可形成示出要显示财产的地图。
尽管以在字处理程序模块中实施为例说明了本发明的例证性实施例,我们应知道的是本发明可在其它的程序模块中实现,这包括,但不局限于XML作者程序(XML authoring programs)以及诸如“POWERPOINT”陈述图形程序(presentation graphics program)这样的程序。“VISIO”图表制图程序和包含在“OFFICE”程序模块中的应用程序均由华盛顿雷德蒙的微软公司在市面上进行交易。
本发明实施例的结构被设计为允许开发者提供已标注串的动作或诸如包括如图像、照片或图画这样图形对象的其它内容。该串或其它内容可与动作相关联,而不必有受限制的识别器DLL或识别器插件程序,这是因为它们是基于串的,而这样就不用精确识别非串内容。开发者可用语义标签注释文档的部分,以使不论用户在已注释的部分中插入什么,该动作都可用。由于不需要识别,所以该结构也允许开发者书写较少的提供动作代码。
我们应该注意的是本发明的例证性实施例被设计为可不用任何动作插件程序DLL而运行。例如,若没有动作插件程序DLL,则用户可被赋予允许用户到下载站点安装动作插件程序DLL的菜单项目。
尽管上述本发明是例证性实施例,我们应知道的是在不偏离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本领域的熟练技术人员对适合本发明的可选择实施例也是清楚的。因此,本发明的范围不是由前面的说明,而是由附加如权利要求来定义的。

Claims (27)

1.对用来创建和编辑电子文档的电子系统,将动作与在应用程序模块中创建的电子文档中的语义标签相关联所述的方法,该方法包含步骤:
用多数语义标签注释电子文档;
在动作动态链接库中接收多数标签;
将多数标签传输到多数动作插件程序中;
在动作插件程序中确定基于该标签的多数动作。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,用多数语义标签注释电子文档的步骤包含用多数可扩展标记语言(XML)元素来注释该电子文档。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包含,显示接收自动作插件程序的多数动作。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,多数标签中的每一个都预定了多数动作。
5.当在应用程序模块中创建电子文档时,将动作与电子文档中的内容相关联所述的方法,该方法包含步骤:
当将内容输入到电子文档中时,将该内容与语义标签相关联,其中该电子文档用多数语义标签做了注释;
确定与该标签相关联的多数动作。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,还包含显示已找到内容标签的指示信息。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,还包含步骤:
确定用户已选择了内容;
做为响应,将多数动作显示给用户。
8.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,还包含步骤:
接收已选择了多数动作中的其中一个的指示信息。
通过响应接收已选择多数动作其中一个的指示信息,然后引起应用程序模块执行已选择的动作。
9.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,将内容与语义标签相关联的步骤包括将文本串与语义标签相关联。
10.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,将内容与语义标签相关联的步骤包括将图形对象与语义标签相关联。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于应用程序模块通过确定分配给动作的动作插件程序动态链接库是否可用来执行已选择的动作;
如果是这样,那么就接收来自分配给已选择动作的动作动态链接库的指令。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,进一步包括步骤:
若动作插件程序动态链接库不可用,则使用分配给动作的统一资源定位器(Uniform Resource Locator)来导航到网站并下载动作插件程序动态链接库。
13.用来将动作与电子文档中的语义标签相关联的系统,该系统包含:
用多数语义标签来注释电子文档的应用程序模块。
与接收多数标签的应用程序模块相连的动作动态链接库;
与接收多数标签和确定多数基于标签动作的动作动态链接库相连的多数动作插件程序。
14.如权利要求11的系统,其特征在于,语义标签是可扩展标记语言(XML)元素。
15.如权利要求11的系统,进一步包括用来接收和显示多数接收自动作插件程序动作的显示模块。
16.对用来创建和编辑电子文档的电子系统,具有计算机可执行指令的计算机可读媒体,其用来将多数动作与在应用程序模块中创建的电子文档中的语义标签相关联,其包括:
用多数语义标签注释电子文档;
在动作动态链接库中接收多数标签;
将多数标签传输给多数动作插件程序;
在动作插件程序中确定基于标签的多数动作并显示接收自多数动作插件程序的多数动作。
17.如权利要求12的计算机可读媒体,其特征在于,用多数语义标签注释电子文档包括用多数可扩展标记语言(XML)元素来注释该文档。
18.具有计算机可执行指令的计算机可读媒体,当在应用程序模块中创建电子文档时,其用来将动作与电子文档中的内容相关联,该计算机可读媒体包括:
当内容输入到电子文档中时,将内容与语义标签相关联,其特征在于电子文档用多数语义标签做了注释;
确定与标签相关联的多数动作;
接收已选择多数动作的其中一个的指示信息。
通过响应接收已选择多数动作的其中一个的指示信息,然后引起应用程序模块执行已选择的动作。
19.如权利要求18的计算机可读媒体,其特征在于,将文本与语义标签相关联包含将该文本与可扩展标记语言(XML)元素相关联。
20.如权利要求18的计算机可读媒体,其特征在于,还包括显示已发现内容标签的指示信息。
21.如权利要求18的计算机可读媒体,其特征在于,应用程序模块通过确定分配给动作的动作插件程序动态链接库是否可用,来执行已选择的动作;
若是这样,则从分配给已选择动作的动作动态链接库中接收指令。
22.如权利要求18的计算机可读媒体,其特征在于,将内容与语义标签相关联包括将文本串与语义标签相关联。
23.如权利要求18的计算机可读媒体,其特征在于,将内容与语义标签相关联包括将图形对象与语义标签相关联。
24.如权利要求20的计算机可读媒体,进一步包括步骤:
若动作插件程序动态链接库不可用,则使用分配给该动作的统一资源定位器来导航到网站并下载动作插件程序动态链接库。
25.用来创建和编辑电子文档的电子系统,用来将动作与在应用程序模块中创建电子文档中的可扩展标记语言元素(XML)相关联所述的方法,该方法包括步骤:
用多数XML元素注释电子文档;
在动作动态链接库中接收多数XML元素;
将多数XML元素传输到多数动作插件程序中;
在动作插件程序中确定基于XML元素的多数动作。
26.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括显示多数接收自动作插件程序的动作。
27.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,对每个XML元素预定了多数动作。
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