CN1472836A - Hydrogen storage device for fuel battery - Google Patents

Hydrogen storage device for fuel battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1472836A
CN1472836A CNA021362777A CN02136277A CN1472836A CN 1472836 A CN1472836 A CN 1472836A CN A021362777 A CNA021362777 A CN A021362777A CN 02136277 A CN02136277 A CN 02136277A CN 1472836 A CN1472836 A CN 1472836A
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China
Prior art keywords
hydrogen storage
hydrogen
fuel cell
heat transfer
storage material
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CNA021362777A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN100342575C (en
Inventor
胡里清
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Co
Shanghai Shenli Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Shen Li High Tech Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32Hydrogen storage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

This invention concerns a device of hydrogen storage to be used in fuel cell. It includes the storage container of hydrogen and the heat transfer channel set at external or internal of the storage container, the above-mentioned storage container of hydrogen has the input and output entrance, the above-mentioned heat transfer channel has the input and output entrance of heating media; compare with the current techniques, this invention has following advantage, such as: high comprehensive utilization of energy, the hydrogen is released fast, the structure is tight.

Description

Hydrogen storage device for fuel cell
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an auxiliary device for a fuel cell, and more particularly, to a hydrogen storage device for a fuel cell.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device that is capable of converting hydrogen fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guiding plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more guiding grooves. The guide electrode plates can be plates made of metal materials or plates made of graphite materials. The diversion pore canals and the diversion grooves on the diversion electrode plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is arranged, and a flow guide polar plate of anode fuel and a flow guide polar plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The flow guide polar plates are used as a current flow collection mother plate and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and flow guide grooves on the flow guide polar plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) cooling fluid (such as water) is uniformly distributed into cooling channels in each battery pack through an inlet and an outlet of the cooling fluid and a flow guide channel, and heat generated by electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of all vehicles, ships and other vehicles, and can also be used as a portable, movable and fixed power generation device.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells typically use hydrogen as a fuel and air as an oxidant when used in vehicle and marine power systems or mobile and stationary power stations. When used as a vehicle, a ship power system or a mobile and stationary power generation device, the pem fuel cell must include a stack, a fuel hydrogen supply, an air supply, a cooling and heat dissipation, an automatic control and an electric power output. Wherein the fuel hydrogen supply and the air supply are inevitably indispensable.
Currently, pem fuel cells are used as vehicle, marine power systems or mobile, stationary power plants, wherein the fuel hydrogen supply must have a hydrogen source. The hydrogen source can adopt a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, such as a hydrogen steel cylinder, an aluminum liner carbon fiber winding hydrogen storage cylinder impregnated by epoxy resin, and the like; the hydrogen storage material can also be used to contain hydrogen gas and hydrogen storage material in a light pressure-resistant container, and the hydrogen storage material stores hydrogen in principle, namely, the hydrogen gas is directly adsorbed on the hydrogen storage material, or the hydrogen and the hydrogen storage material are fixed in the hydrogen storage material through chemical reaction.
The hydrogen storage material is used for storing hydrogen, and the hydrogen storage quantity is much larger than that of high-pressure gas hydrogen storage in the same limited hydrogen source volume. The hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage bottle which adopts the hydrogen storage material to store hydrogen is not high, the requirements on the pressure resistance and the strength of the hydrogen storage bottle material are not high, and the accidents of explosive leakage or combustion explosion can not occur, thus being an ideal hydrogen source for fuel cell industrialization.
The hydrogen storage material is arranged in the hydrogen storage bottle, the hydrogen gas releasing process is generally an endothermic process, and the hydrogen gas releasing speed is related to the endothermic speed, and the faster the endothermic speed is, the faster the hydrogen gas releasing speed is. Some hydrogen storage materials have higher heat absorption requirements, some hydrogen storage materials have lower heat absorption requirements, but all hydrogen storage materials need an external heat source to supply heat to the hydrogen storage materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen storage device for a fuel cell, which is energy-saving and can accelerate the release of hydrogen.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a hydrogen storage device for a fuel cell is characterized by comprising a hydrogen storage material bottle and a heat transfer channel arranged at the periphery or inside of the hydrogen storage material bottle, wherein the hydrogen storage material bottle is provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, and the heat transfer channel is provided with a heat transfer medium inlet and a heat transfer medium outlet.
The heat transfer channel arranged on the periphery of the hydrogen storage material bottle is a jacket, and the hydrogen storage material bottle is arranged in the jacket.
The heat transfer channel arranged in the hydrogen storage material bottle is a circular straight pipe, and the hydrogen storage material bottle is wrapped around the circular straight pipe.
The heat transfer channel arranged in the hydrogen storage material bottle is a serpentine coil which is coiled in the hydrogen storage material bottle from top to bottom.
The hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage material bottle are the same bottle mouth.
The heat transfer medium is hot air discharged from the fuel cell or generated water discharged from the fuel cell.
The heat transfer medium is a fuel cell circulating cooling fluid.
The invention adopts the technical proposal that the hydrogen storage material is heated by utilizing the hot gas or hot generated water discharged by the fuel cell or the circulating cooling fluid of the fuel cell, so that the hydrogen discharge speed of the hydrogen storage material is accelerated, therefore, the device has higher energy comprehensive utilization efficiency, faster hydrogen discharge and more compact structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the present invention in combination with a fuel cell stack;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 1 of the apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of the combination of the apparatus of the present invention and the fuel cell stack, the air delivery pump 2 enters air at normal temperature into the fuel cell stack through the air inlet 11 of the fuel cell stack 1 for electrochemical reaction, and after the air is changed into hot air, the hot air carries a part of hot water vapor and water to come out from the air outlet 12 of the fuel cell stack, and enters from the air inlet 311 of the outer jacket 31 of the hydrogen storage material bottle 3, so as to achieve the purpose of heating the hydrogen storage material bottle 3 by the hot air, the hot water vapor and the water, and transfer the heat to the hydrogen storage material 4 filled in the hydrogen storage material bottle 3, finally achieve the purpose of heating the hydrogen storage material 4 and accelerating the hydrogen discharge speed, and finally discharge the air from the air outlet 312 of the outer jacket 31 of the hydrogen storage material bottle 3. Hydrogen gas from the outlet 32 (same inlet and outlet) of the hydrogen storage material bottle 3 enters through the hydrogen inlet 13 of the fuel cell stack 1 to supply fuel to the fuel cell stack. The cooling water is pumped in from a cooling water inlet 14 of the fuel cell stack 1 by a cooling water delivery pump 5, and is changed into hot water after passing through the fuel cell stack 1, and the hot water is discharged from a cooling water outlet 15 of the fuel cell stack 1 and is cooled by a heat exchanger 6 for recycling; the changed hot water can also be discharged from the outlet 15, firstly enters through the inlet 311 of the outer jacket of the hydrogen storage material bottle 3, and then is discharged from the outlet 312, and then is cooled by the heat exchanger 6 for recycling.
Example 1
A hydrogen storage device for a fuel cell comprises a hydrogen storage material bottle 1 and a heat transfer jacket 2 arranged at the periphery of the hydrogen storage material bottle 1, wherein the hydrogen storage material bottle 1 is provided with a hydrogen inlet and outlet 11, a hydrogen storage material 3 is arranged in the hydrogen storage material bottle 1, the heat transfer jacket 2 is provided with a heat transfer medium inlet 21 and a heat transfer medium outlet 22, a heat transfer medium 4 is arranged in the heat transfer jacket 2, and the heat transfer medium 4 is hot air or circulating cooling fluid discharged from a fuel cell stack (not shown). The device has large heat transfer area and simple structure, and is a practical and energy-saving hydrogen storage device.
Example 2
A hydrogen storage device for a fuel cell comprises a hydrogen storage material bottle 1 and a heat transfer straight pipe 2 arranged in the hydrogen storage material bottle 1, wherein the hydrogen storage material bottle 1 is provided with a hydrogen inlet and outlet 11, a hydrogen storage material 3 is arranged in the hydrogen storage material bottle 1, the heat transfer straight pipe 2 is provided with a heat transfer medium inlet 21 and a heat transfer medium outlet 22, a heat transfer medium 4 is arranged in the heat transfer straight pipe 2, and the heat transfer medium 4 is hot air or circulating cooling fluid discharged from a fuel cell stack (not shown). The heat transfer straight pipe 2 of the device passes through the inside of the hydrogen storage material bottle, so that the heat transfer effect is better.
Example 3
A hydrogen storage device for a fuel cell, not shown, comprises a hydrogen storage material bottle and a heat transfer serpentine arranged in the hydrogen storage material bottle, wherein the serpentine is coiled in the hydrogen storage material bottle from top to bottom. The hydrogen storage material bottle is provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen storage material is arranged in the hydrogen storage material bottle, the heat transfer serpentine coil is provided with a heat transfer medium inlet and a heat transfer medium outlet, and the heat transfer medium is heat generated water or circulating cooling fluid discharged from the fuel cell stack. The heat transfer coiled pipe of the device passes through the inside of the hydrogen storage material bottle, so that the heat transfer area is large, and the heat transfer effect is good.

Claims (7)

1. A hydrogen storage device for a fuel cell is characterized by comprising a hydrogen storage material bottle and a heat transfer channel arranged at the periphery or inside of the hydrogen storage material bottle, wherein the hydrogenstorage material bottle is provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, and the heat transfer channel is provided with a heat transfer medium inlet and a heat transfer medium outlet.
2. A hydrogen storage device for a fuel cell as defined in claim 1, wherein said heat transfer passage provided on the periphery of said hydrogen storage material cylinder is a jacket, and said hydrogen storage material cylinder is provided in said jacket.
3. A hydrogen storage device for a fuel cell as defined in claim 1, wherein said heat transfer passage provided inside said hydrogen storage material cylinder is a circular straight pipe, and said hydrogen storage material cylinder is wrapped around said circular straight pipe.
4. The hydrogen storage device for a fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat transfer passage provided inside the hydrogen storage material cylinder is a serpentine coil which is wound inside the hydrogen storage material cylinder from top to bottom.
5. A hydrogen storage device for a fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen inlet and outlet of the hydrogen storage material bottle are the same mouth.
6. A hydrogen storage device for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that said heat transfer medium is hot air discharged from the fuel cell or generated water discharged from the fuel cell.
7. A hydrogen storage unit for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that said heat transfer medium is a fuel cell circulating cooling fluid.
CNB021362777A 2002-07-29 2002-07-29 Hydrogen storage device for fuel battery Expired - Lifetime CN100342575C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB021362777A CN100342575C (en) 2002-07-29 2002-07-29 Hydrogen storage device for fuel battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB021362777A CN100342575C (en) 2002-07-29 2002-07-29 Hydrogen storage device for fuel battery

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CN1472836A true CN1472836A (en) 2004-02-04
CN100342575C CN100342575C (en) 2007-10-10

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101162782B (en) * 2006-10-09 2010-08-25 比亚迪股份有限公司 Fuel battery hydrogen storing device and hydrogen storing and charging system
CN103746442A (en) * 2013-12-20 2014-04-23 华为技术有限公司 Single board, communication device and single-board power supplying method
US9575530B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2017-02-21 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Board, communications device, and method for supplying power for board
CN109707992A (en) * 2019-01-12 2019-05-03 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) A kind of multi-functional charging hydrogenation stations

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102834160A (en) * 2010-03-16 2012-12-19 氨合物公司 Method and device for controlling effective heat transfer in a solid gas storage system

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN85201095U (en) * 1985-04-01 1986-01-01 大连工学院 Evaporated and reacted crystallizer for glucono-delta-lactone
JPH09227101A (en) * 1996-02-23 1997-09-02 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Vessel, filled with hydrogen adsorption alloy and having heater
JP3583857B2 (en) * 1996-03-26 2004-11-04 三洋電機株式会社 Hydrogen storage utilization equipment
CN2388473Y (en) * 1999-06-25 2000-07-19 李锋海 Liquefied gas steel cylinder for vehicle
JP2001304495A (en) * 2000-04-20 2001-10-31 Benkan Corp Hydrogen storing device
JP2002061797A (en) * 2000-08-23 2002-02-28 Honda Motor Co Ltd Halogen station

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101162782B (en) * 2006-10-09 2010-08-25 比亚迪股份有限公司 Fuel battery hydrogen storing device and hydrogen storing and charging system
CN103746442A (en) * 2013-12-20 2014-04-23 华为技术有限公司 Single board, communication device and single-board power supplying method
US9575530B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2017-02-21 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Board, communications device, and method for supplying power for board
CN109707992A (en) * 2019-01-12 2019-05-03 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) A kind of multi-functional charging hydrogenation stations
CN109707992B (en) * 2019-01-12 2023-11-03 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) Multifunctional charging hydrogenation station

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Assignee: CEEG(SHANGHAI) SOLAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Shanghai Shenli Technology Co.,Ltd.

Contract fulfillment period: 2008.11.20 to 2014.11.19

Contract record no.: 2009310000260

Denomination of invention: Hydrogen storage device for fuel battery

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Patentee after: State Grid Corporation of China

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Patentee before: Shanghai Shenli Technology Co.,Ltd.

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