CN1468369A - 空气采样器 - Google Patents

空气采样器 Download PDF

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CN1468369A
CN1468369A CNA018168442A CN01816844A CN1468369A CN 1468369 A CN1468369 A CN 1468369A CN A018168442 A CNA018168442 A CN A018168442A CN 01816844 A CN01816844 A CN 01816844A CN 1468369 A CN1468369 A CN 1468369A
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CN100335882C (zh
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D·J·斯奎雷尔
W·H·赛蒙兹
H·A·比尔德
M·J·贝里
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2273—Atmospheric sampling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2211—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with cyclones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/24—Suction devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/26—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state with provision for intake from several spaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2214—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption
    • G01N2001/2217—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption using a liquid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N2001/222—Other features
    • G01N2001/2223—Other features aerosol sampling devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
    • G01N1/4055—Concentrating samples by solubility techniques
    • G01N2001/4066—Concentrating samples by solubility techniques using difference of solubility between liquid and gas, e.g. bubbling, scrubbing or sparging

Abstract

参照图1，用来对生物分析物进行分析的空气采样器(1)包括空气腔室(2)，其具有空气入口(3)和空气出口(4)。抽风风扇(5)将空气经入口(3)抽入，并且随后经过腔室(2)，将空气经由出口(6)排放回大气。气流腔室(2)容纳有一旋流式空气/液体分离器(7)，流入的空气被迫流经该分离器。注入器(8)将液体引入到流经空气入口(3)的空气中。旋流式分离器(7)将该液体和其中携带的任何颗粒提取出，并且将其从气流腔室(2)中排出，这先经由管道(9)，在该管道中，液体及其中的颗粒被输送到收集容器(12)中，并经由三通道式的蠕动泵(13)以及管道(14)。收集容器(12)容纳在珀耳帖式冷却保持器(15)中，以便将容器(12)内的内含物保持在2－8摄氏度的范围内，该温度范围对于保持例如细菌或蛋白质的生物分析物的完整性是所需的。对收集到的样品进行例如聚合酶链反应、培养或琼脂板培养、或免疫测定的分析。保持器(15)还容纳有样品瓶(16、17、18和19)。

Description

空气采样器
本发明涉及空气采样器，尤其涉及(但不限于)一种用于周围空气采样的空气采样器，以便检测和测量可能存在的污染物。本发明提供了一种用于从大体积的空气中将累积样品收集在小体积的液体中的空气采样器，(例如从100立方米的空气中将颗粒收集在约10ml液体中)。
此外，自动地进行顺序的采样。这些样品冷藏保持，以便为以后的分析保存该样品。
根据本发明，提供了一种空气采样器，其包括具有空气入口和空气出口的气流腔室；用于将液体引入到流经该腔室的空气中的装置，以便携带任何存在于该空气流中的颗粒；用于收集携带液体和其中携带任何颗粒的并用于使其沉积在收集容器中的装置；用于将被收集的携带液体返回到该气流腔室的装置；用于检测该返回液体中的气泡的存在的装置，该装置可操作地将新的携带液体引入到流经该气流腔室的空气中；以及用于收集该携带液体和在其中的任何颗粒的样品的装置，该样品存在于所述收集容器中。
参照附图，仅示例性地描述本发明的实施例，其中：
图1是空气采样器的示意图；和
图2是图1所示的一部分的放大图。
参照图1，在分析生物分析物中使用的空气采样器1包括空气腔室2，其具有空气入口3和空气出口4。
鼓风机5，适当的是一抽风风扇，将空气以每分钟500-1000升的速度经入口3抽入，并且随后经过腔室2，以便将空气经由出口6排放回大气。
气流腔室2容纳有一旋流式空气/液体分离器7，流入的空气被迫流经该分离器。
包括注入器8的装置将液体引入到流经空气入口3的空气中。旋流式分离器将该液体和其中携带的任何颗粒提取出，并且将其从气流腔室2中排出，这是通过先经由管道9，在该管道中液体及其中的颗粒被输送到收集容器12中，并经由单个三通道式的蠕动泵13的一个通道以及管道14而实现的。收集容器12容纳在Peltier(珀耳帖)式冷却保持器15中，以便将容器12内的内含物保持在2-8摄氏度的范围内，该温度范围对于保持例如细菌或蛋白质的生物分析物的完整性是所需的。对该收集到的采样品进行例如PCR(聚合酶链反应)、培养或琼脂板培养、或免疫测定的分析。
保持器15还容纳有瓶16、17、18和19。
大孔目(例如25微米)的过滤单元25装配在管道9中，以去除存在于收集的空气中的大颗粒，该大颗粒对于特殊的试验是不适合的。例如为柴油机烟灰。然而，过滤单元25可允许可溶的分析物或小颗粒的分析物通过，例如细菌和病毒。
采样器1还包括用于使收集的携带液体从容器12返回到气流腔室2的再循环装置，在该腔室中其被排放到在旋流式分离器7中的空气流中。这些装置包括提取管路30、气泡检测器31、节流阀32、和排出管路33，该排出管路经过泵13的三个通道中的另一个。该气泡检测器31经由电子信号线35连接到电子电路中，该电路包括可编程的定时器34。该电路结合有控制微处理器。
存储器36容纳携带液体37，其包括含有0.01％非离子型去污剂的去离子水，该去污剂例如Tween-20和10Mm HEPES N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N’-2乙烷磺酸缓冲剂；pH7.5。管路3 3经由节流阀32从存储器36中抽吸该液体，并且以每分钟2.0毫升的速度使该液体流经一形成注入器8的针规不锈钢管，以便进入空气流入口3。
携带在液流中的气溶胶颗粒从气流腔室2中(经标准的路厄式(Luer)装配口)流出，并经泵13沉积在收集容器12中。
收集的流体从容器12中经管路30、气泡检测器31、节流阀32、和管路33重新循环回到气流腔室2中。这将持续进行，直到在容器12中的液体液面下降到某一点，由此使得气体而不是液体被抽入管路30。当被携带的空气到达气泡检测器31时，电子信号经线路35发送给一在电子电路中的微处理器，该电路包括可编程的定时器34。该微处理器随后操纵节流阀32，使得对于预定的时间段，新的收集液体从存储器36被抽入并经管路33、节流阀32、泵13、和管路33排放到气流腔室2中。
在预定时间段之后，节流阀32被操纵，以使该系统恢复到重新循环模式中，该模式持续进行，直到在容器12中该液面再次下降，并且空气被再次携带离开。
一延时装置内置在该系统中，以便允许流体从再充入的容器12到达气泡检测器31。
此外，启动程序被编程到定时器34中，以允许该系统的初始充入。
如上所述，泵13是单个三通道式的泵。该泵的两个通道用于将液体泵送入和泵送出气流腔室2。剩余的通道用于抽出较小体积的液体，以便经管路39和三通阀41、42、43排放到选定的一个或多个样品瓶中(见图2)。
在该示例中，进入到气流腔室2和旋流式分离器7中的携带液体的速率是每分钟约2毫升，用于分析的样品使用较小的孔管以每分钟约50微升的较低速率被抽出。这使得在8小时中气溶胶颗粒的完整样品被收集在标准的25ml“通用”瓶中。在本实施例中，有四个样品瓶(16-19)，以便可以以8小时的工作班次或全天24小时来监控空气，而不需要操作员。此外，可编程定时器34以提前多达一个星期的设定时间，使得该设备被定位并随后被自动地启动。对于4个样品，需要三通阀(40-42)来引导样品流。
收集后的样品随后按常规方式被分析。

Claims (8)

1.一种空气采样器，其包括具有空气入口和空气出口的气流腔室；用于将液体引入到流经该腔室的空气中以便携带存在于该空气流中的任何颗粒的装置；用于收集携带液体和其中携带的任何颗粒的并用于使其沉积在收集容器中的装置；用于使被收集的携带液体返回到该气流腔室的装置；用于检测该返回液体中的气泡存在的装置，该装置可操作地将新的携带液体引入到流经该气流腔室的空气中；以及用于收集该携带液体及在其中的任何颗粒的样品的装置，该样品存在于所述收集容器中。
2.如权利要求1所述的空气采样器，其特征在于，其设置有可编程的定时器装置，该装置可操作地以预定的时间获得空气样品。
3.如权利要求2所述的空气采样器，其特征在于，其装有用于控制该采样器的微处理器。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的空气采样器，其特征在于，当在该收集容器中的液面下降到一个由此空气可被携带到该返回的被收集的液体中的液面时，所述新的携带液体被引入，并且被上述用于检测气泡的装置检测。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的空气采样器，其特征在于，其设置有多个样品瓶和用于抽出液体的装置，以便使该液体转向到该瓶中。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的空气采样器，其特征在于，其设置有三通道式的泵和多个样品瓶，其中该泵的通道中的两个通道用于将液体泵送入和泵送出该气流腔室，而第三通道用于抽出液体并且使该液体转向到选定的样品瓶中。
7.如权利要求6所述的空气采样器，其特征在于，该泵是单个的三通道式的蠕动泵。
8.一种参照附图大致如本文以上所述的空气采样器。
CNB018168442A 2000-10-04 2001-10-01 空气采样器 Expired - Fee Related CN100335882C (zh)

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CN107367766A (zh) * 2016-05-13 2017-11-21 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 样本分析仪的液量监测装置及方法
CN107367766B (zh) * 2016-05-13 2020-12-15 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 样本分析仪的液量监测装置及方法
CN106085830A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2016-11-09 浙江省疾病预防控制中心 空气中病原微生物收集装置
CN106085830B (zh) * 2016-08-30 2019-03-19 浙江省疾病预防控制中心 空气中病原微生物收集装置
CN111122741A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-08 安徽皖仪科技股份有限公司 一种多元液相色谱流动相切换系统及切换方法
CN115491298A (zh) * 2022-10-24 2022-12-20 华北电力大学（保定） 一种生物气溶胶用在线监测装置

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EP1322934A2 (en) 2003-07-02
RU2242738C1 (ru) 2004-12-20
JP2004510973A (ja) 2004-04-08
US20040025963A1 (en) 2004-02-12
AU9205601A (en) 2002-04-15
IL155147A0 (en) 2003-10-31
CA2424631C (en) 2010-04-27
JP4018980B2 (ja) 2007-12-05
NZ524960A (en) 2004-09-24
HK1062046A1 (en) 2004-10-15
WO2002029380A3 (en) 2002-08-01
ATE421683T1 (de) 2009-02-15
CN100335882C (zh) 2007-09-05
US6851459B2 (en) 2005-02-08
WO2002029380A2 (en) 2002-04-11
EP1322934B1 (en) 2009-01-21
AU2001292056B2 (en) 2005-04-14
CA2424631A1 (en) 2002-04-11
GB0024227D0 (en) 2000-11-15
IL155147A (en) 2009-05-04

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