CN1459491A - Basic hydrocarbon-like composition with high lubricating performance usable as fuel - Google Patents
Basic hydrocarbon-like composition with high lubricating performance usable as fuel Download PDFInfo
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
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Abstract
An essentially hydrocarbon composition comprising a refinery liquid fuel and from 1 to 25% by weight of a medium distillate essentially without alcoholic oxygen obtained starting from the product of a Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis. This composition surprisingly has enhanced lubricating properties with respect to both of the original components and can advantageously be used as a fuel for Diesel or turbine engines, with an evident decrease in wear of the mobile parts in contact therewith.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of composition that is essentially hydro carbons with high lubricating property.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of particularly hydrocarbon compositions of diesel motor fuel of fuel that can be used as; With respect to single starting ingredient, it has high lubricity surprisingly, also keeps high cetane value and low aromaticity content simultaneously.
Diesel motor fuel adopts and characterizes in the performance of combustion phases and the various character relevant with oilness with its low-temperature fluidity with it.Specifically, diesel oil fuel keep significantly be reduced in mechanical part that fluid relates in carrying for example the lubricity of pump, valve and injector wearing and tearing be very important.These lubricities are measured with the specific experience method that the technician of this professional domain is familiar with usually, for example press the so-called oilness finger-length measurement (CEC-F-06-A-96 regulation) of HFRR method, hereinafter will mention in this manual.
Regulation to the increasingly stringent of injection engine fuel and turbine engine fuel (rocket engine fuel) characteristic is intended to reduce the amount of aromatic hydroxy compound and sulphur usually, so that exhaust gas emission is remained in the more and more stricter scope of environment viewpoint.Making diesel oil fuel remain on one of method the most frequently used in these scopes is the extensive hydrogenation that carries out in various degree, but there is the shortcoming that obviously reduces its lubricity in this method.
Some hydrocarbon mixture that also known synthetic gas by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis method sets out in the typical used for diesel engine gas oil fraction boiling range (230 ℃～370 ℃) that makes has fabulous combustionproperty and low temperature flowability after hydrogenation-isomerization is handled, cetane value is usually greater than 60 simultaneously, up to 80 or higher, and pour point is lower than-30 ℃.
Known Fischer-Tropsch synthesis method (hereinafter being abbreviated as F.T. usually) is the method that the gaseous mixture (synthetic gas) of hydrogeneous and carbon monoxide (mol ratio is 2/1 to 4/1) can be changed into the liquid or solid mixture that is mainly straight chain hydrocarbon, also has the part oxygenatedchemicals sometimes.Except the method for the different improvement that propose by Fischer and Tropsch the thirties, all similar approach of using same principle all are included in the definition of F.T. method, promptly by in the presence of the catalyzer (specifically being called the F.T. catalyzer) that is fit to, by the suitable mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide set out direct synthetic organic hydrocarbon or oxygenatedchemicals product.
The typical F.T. catalyzer of the paraffin product of high boiling range loaded on the indifferent oxide, for example aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and composition thereof usually based on cobalt or iron during preparation was mainly.The numerical range of the molecular weight distribution of these liquid mixtures changes with catalyzer and processing condition.
The paraffin product that the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis device is obtained is carried out hydrogenation and/or isomerization processing (hydroisomerization, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking) in the presence of the catalyzer that is fit to subsequently, obtain the fuel fraction of required scope subsequently with the distillation method fractionation, the logical intermediate oil that is required to be, be gas oil and/or kerosene, be commonly referred to as diesel oil fuel and rocket engine fuel.
So, usually form by the mixture that is mainly alkane by these cuts that the F.T. method obtains, its boiling range (according to different publications) is 150 ℃～180 ℃ to 230 ℃～250 ℃ (rocket engine fuel) and 230 ℃～260 ℃ to 360 ℃～380 ℃ (diesel oil), and wherein 60%～90% molecule is mainly the methyl branch compound.In the process that above-mentioned hydrogen is handled, remove possible unsaturated compound or oxy radical usually, their content in Fischer-Tropsch synthetic is 5%～10% (weight) usually.
For example disclosed in patent publications EP-A 1101813 and US 6310108, under the condition that is fit to, the diesel oil and/or the rocket engine fuel cut that are made by the hydrocracking of F.T. wax have fabulous low-temperature performance.In addition, owing to do not have sulfocompound, nitrogenous compound and aromatic hydroxy compound, with regard to its environmental influence, F.T. the intermediate oil that obtains of alkane hydrocracking has fabulous performance, reference T.W.Ryan " emission behavior of Fischer-Tropsch combined diesel oil fuel " for example, 99 ' gas liquid processing session collection of thesis, May 17～19,1999, the San Antonio is described in the Texas.With regard to diesel oil, high hydrogen richness obtains lower flash-point, therefore obtains lower NOx quantity discharged.And, there are not aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfocompound that discharge quantity of particulate matter is significantly descended, make the aftertreatment of emission gases easier.
But the oilness of these mixtures or cut usually can not be satisfactory, and its numerical value is higher than 500 (recording by above-mentioned HFRR method), the specified requirement in the present enforcement, and the latter requires its numerical value to be lower than 460 at least.
Also known, in order to improve lubricity, some additive can be added in gas oil fraction or the kerosene.This technology is used to the fuel of traditional refining and the fuel that is made by the F.T. method.With regard to oilness, though obtain gratifying result, the use of these additives increases the cost of fuel greatly, particularly considers to require selected product to be substantially free of sulphur or nitrogen.In addition, after certain hour, observing the fuel that contains these additives has sizable corrosion phenomenon to some parts of engine.
Open in US 5689031 by the diesel oil distillate that can be used as the blending raw material that improves combustionproperty and high lubricating property is arranged that F.T. makes.These hydrocarbon mixtures contain a large amount of oxygenatedchemicalss, and are made by a kind of method of complexity, and described method comprises the fraction separation without hydrotreatment, are attached to subsequently through in all the other cuts of hydroisomerization.The diesel oil distillate that makes even so has improved lubricity, but its low-temperature performance can not be entirely satisfactory the technology that this production simultaneously need be expensive and complicated.
Therefore, still press for and improve the particularly quality of gas oil fuel of so-called intermediate oil,, keep good lubricating property and low temperature flowability again simultaneously, and reduce production costs so that reduce the quantity discharged of NOx and particulate matter in the discharging gas.
The applicant now finds surprisingly, the intermediate oil that is added to the tradition refining by the synthetic cut that is substantially free of organic oxygen that will be made by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis method on a small quantity particularly in the gas oil, might obtain the flammable hydrocarbon compositions that higher lubricity is arranged that obtains than every kind of starting ingredient; With respect to described intermediate oil, much higher cetane value and improved engine combustion effluent quality are arranged simultaneously.
Therefore, first purpose of the present invention relates to a kind of hydrocarbon compositions that can be used as diesel motor or turbine engine fuel, and wherein the boiling range of at least 80% (weight), preferred 90% (weight) is 150 ℃～380 ℃, and it is made up of the mixture of following component:
A) with respect to (A) and gross weight (B), any boiling range of 80%～99% (weight) is 150 ℃～380 ℃ a refining hydrocarbon mixture,
B) with respect to (A) and gross weight (B), a kind of hydrocarbon mixture that is substantially free of oxygen-containing organic compound that is made by the method that comprises Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of 1%～20% (weight), its boiling range are 130 ℃～380 ℃, preferred 150 ℃～370 ℃.
Other purpose of the present invention is conspicuous from following description and embodiment.
For specification sheets and claims and definite its relevant range of illustrating present patent application, the implication of terms more used herein is defined as follows:
-unless otherwise indicated, term " boiling range " (mixture that refers to hydro carbons) refers under normal pressure (0.1009MPa) temperature or the temperature range from the described mixture of typical distillation tower overhead collection;
Unless-adding explanation in addition, the definition of scope always comprises end value;
-term " hydrocracking " (as used herein, relate to any mixture or be essentially the composition of hydro carbons) is often referred in the presence of the catalyzer that is fit to and handles described mixture or composition with hydrogen, so that make the product than lower boiling or boiling range;
-term " oxygen level " (referring to be mainly the mixture or the composition (hydro carbons＞70% (weight)) of hydro carbons) and " oxygen containing " (referring to organic compound), always are meant organic oxygen, the oxygen of binding at least one carbon atom just is not so comprise the oxygen that any water or other mineral compound contain;
-term " refining " (as composition that is used to refer to flammable hydro carbons here or mixture) ordinary representation transforms and for example (hydrogenation) cracking of method of purification, reformation, hydrogenation, desulfurization, dewaxing, isomerization, distillation are processed by the organic raw material composition that obtains of mineral sources particularly with refinery is typical.
-term " at two boiling ranges of giving in the fixed temperature " (relating to composition and the mixture mentioned in the present invention and claims) comprises the boiling range of all its end values in two given temperature.For example, be limited to the regulation of boiling range, the composition that is fit to do the diesel oil fuel boiling range usually and is 240 ℃～360 ℃ is included in its boiling range in 150 ℃～380 ℃ composition regulation.
The component of this composition (A) can be made up of the hydrocarbon mixture of the refining with above-mentioned characteristic.Wherein, what be suitable as motor spirit most is preferred, does not get rid of in scope of the present invention although be fit to the mixture of other purposes.Boiling range is 200 ℃～370 ℃ a hydrocarbon mixture, and particularly any 240 ℃～360 ℃ non-synthetic gas oil fraction are particularly preferred.
The mixture of described component (A) is made up of aliphatic hydrocarbon, cycloparaffin series's hydro carbons and the aromatic hydrocarbons of different structure and isomery degree usually, and main carbonatoms is greater than 8, up to about 30.Also can have different content contain heteroatoms for example the compound of S, O, N exist.
But,, contain and minimumly may be specially adapted to the present invention by the heteroatomic refining distillate of quantity according to the regulation of the increasingly stringent that is intended to reduce the environmental influence related problems that fuel causes.The intermediate oil that sulphur content is lower than 1000ppm, preferably be lower than 100ppm particularly gas oil is particularly preferred.In fact, the lubricity of these products is variation gradually along with the decline of sulphur content, has corresponding to the oilness numerical value (with above-mentioned HFRR method record) of mean diameter greater than 460 μ m.
Can in composition of the present invention, be used as the typical case of the mixture that is mainly hydro carbons of component (A) or cut but gas oil that non-limitative example obtains for the gas oil that for example obtained by air distillation and kerosene, by doctor treatment and kerosene, the gas oil that obtains by hydrocracking and the gas oil that obtains by catalytic dewaxing.
Component of the present invention (B) is made up of the hydrocarbon mixture that is substantially free of aromatic hydroxy compound and sulphur, and the content of its oxygenatedchemicals is lower than that for example infrared spectra or the gentle physique of NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectrum are composed detectable minimum content with common analytical procedure.Described hydrocarbon mixture mainly is made up of the mixture of straight chain and branched paraffin, is handled making through hydrogenation/isomerization by F.T. synthetic product or portion of product.
Mentioned as top, the feature of back one product is, is substantially free of sulphur and preferably by forming greater than the above straight-chain paraffin of 70% (weight) 15 carbon atoms.F.T. product is solid or semisolid often at room temperature, so they are called as wax.Be not that all F.T. synthesis methods all provide high boiling point straight-chain paraffin mixture.Decide on used condition and catalyzer, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis method can be produced the mixture of different boiling ranges, also can be low relatively boiling range if desired.But the verified method that mainly obtains high boiling mixture or wax is more easily, can and be fractionated into required cut with their degradeds then.
Also known, the F.T. method is produced the hydrocarbon mixture that contains oxygenatedchemicals (being generally the alcohols form), and its maximum level can reach 10% (weight) of total amount usually.
If the F.T. method is carried out in the presence of cobalt-containing catalyst, these oxygenatedchemicalss mainly are made up of straight chain alcohol so, but also can contain very acid, ester and the aldehyde of lower concentration (synthetic and relevant the synthesizing of Fischer-Tropsch, H.H.Storch, N.Golumbic, R.B.Anderson, John Wiley﹠amp; Sons, Inc., N.Y.1951).Usually known in the art, these oxygenatedchemicalss mainly are concentrated in the low boiler cut by the synthetic typical mixture that obtains of Fischer-Tropsch, and boiling point is higher than 300 ℃, preferably is higher than its organic oxygen level of cut of 370 ℃ and is not more than 0.1% (being expressed as the weight of oxygen with respect to the cut gross weight).
Relevant with the characteristic of F.T. product, the various hydrotreatments of producing the hydrocarbon mixture that can be used as component (B) that are applicable to are arranged.If the boiling range of F.T. product is 150 ℃～380 ℃, preferred 240 ℃～370 ℃, hydrotreatment is in order to make unsaturated group and contain oxygen base hydrogenation, but not obvious reduction molecular-weight average.Whether the technician of this professional domain can also adopt hydrogenation/isomerization to handle according to the decision of this expertise, as containing the follow-up hydrogenation step of oxygen base, or promptly contain at the mixed catalyst that is fit in the presence of the catalyzer of hydrogenating function (precious metal of load) and isomerization function (acid sites) and meanwhile carry out, so that obtain the low-temperature performance of being satisfied with.
On the other hand, when the F.T. product contains a large amount of wax shape high boiling point product, when carrying out hydrogenation step, optionally usually carry out a upgrading process, this process comprises one or more hydrocracking steps.As known, hydrocracking step carries out in the presence of dual-function catalyst, and described catalyzer contains the metal with hydrogenation-dehydrogenation activity, is carried on the inoganic solids that contains at least a oxide compound that acidic nature arranged or silicate.
Hydrocracking catalyst contains periodic table of elements 6-10 metalloid (by the IUPAC approval, by the form that " CRC Press Inc. " announced in 1989, hereinafter mentioning), particularly nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten or precious metal, for example palladium or platinum usually.Though the former more is applicable to the hydrocarbon mixture that is processed with relative high sulfur content, noble metal active is higher, yet is easily poisoned by sulphur and other heteroatomss, so they are specially adapted to process the hydrocarbon mixture that the F.T. method obtains.
Usually the carrier that can be used for this purposes is various types of zeolites (β, Y), X-Al
2O
3(wherein X can be Cl or F), silica-alumina, the latter is unbodied or in various degree degree of crystallinity is arranged, or the mixture of crystalline zeolite and amorphous oxide.About various catalyzer, based on their characteristic and the more details of different method for hydrogen cracking, in available in the literature many papers, should mention the publication " hydrocracking science and technology " of J.Scherzer and A.J.Gruia, Marcel Dekker, Inc. edit (1996).
In the upgrading of F.T. synthetic product is handled, these compounds preferably before hydrocracking step, carry out the particularly hydrogenation step of alcohol of at least one unsaturated compound that may exist and oxygenatedchemicals, because can reduce the activity and the time stability of hydrocracking catalyst.For example, application for patent EP-A 321303 (Shell) discloses a kind of like this method, described method comprises (290-℃ of the hydrocarbon mixture hydrocarbon-fraction of F.T. method, be rich in oxygenatedchemicals) separation, and 290+ ℃ of cut sent into hydrocracking/isomerization reactor, to produce intermediate oil.The catalyzer of two reactor requirements is the platinum that is carried on the fluorizated aluminum oxide.
European patent application book EP-A 1101813 discloses a kind of method for modifying of F.T. wax shape product, described method comprises the hydrotreating step that mainly is intended to remove the unsaturated link(age) in organic oxygen and the alkene, also comprise the part isomerization of lighter product part if desired, usually at 150 ℃～300 ℃ temperature, hydrogen dividing potential drop and the 0.5h of 0.5MPa～10MPa
-1～4h
-1Air speed (WHSV) under carry out, hydrogen/filler ratio is 200 Nlt/Kg～2000Nlt/Kg.Hydrogenation catalyst loads on aluminum oxide, silica-alumina, the fluorizated aluminum oxide based on nickel, platinum or palladium; According to the metal types difference, concentration of metal is 0.1%～70% (weight), preferred 0.5%～10% (weight).Mixture with hydrogenation carries out hydrocracking subsequently, so that at least 50% transformation efficiency is provided, and with high conversion and highly selective generation middle runnings oil distillate.The catalyzer that is used for this purpose is preferably precious metal, and particularly Pt or Pd are carried on amorphous silicon oxide-alumina gel and the micropore/mesopore zeolite, and the latter has controlled aperture, and surface-area is 500m at least
2/ g, SiO
2/ Al
2O
3Mol ratio is 40/1～150/1, makes by one of disclosed method among european patent application book EP-A 582347, EP-A 701480 or the EP 1048346, and its disclosure is here incorporated into as a reference.At last, the hydrocracking reaction mixture is sent into distillation/separating step by known technology operation, obtain intermediate oil, be divided into gas oil and kerosene again, the both is suitable for, but particularly gas oil fraction is suitable for use as the component (B) of the present composition.
Measure according to present available gas mass spectrum and NMR spectral technology, the F.T. hydrocarbon mixture that constitutes component (B) preferably contains and is not less than 50%, more preferably 60%～90% (weight) branched aliphatic hydrocarbons class, and wherein at least 60% has methyl branch.Other preferred characteristics of this mixture are:
-cetane value is greater than 60, more preferably greater than 70
-pour point is lower than-10 ℃, more preferably less than-25 ℃
-boiling range overlapping with the boiling range of component (A) basically (at least ± 20 ℃), more preferably 240 ℃～370 ℃.
Component (A) and ratio (B) preferably are respectively component (A) and account for 85%～98% (weight), and component (B) accounts for 15%～2% (weight), with total restatement of two components.More than two components constitute 80%～100% (weight), preferred 90%～100% (weight) of the present composition, all the other are optional for additive be generally used for the fuel of general technology preparation and a small amount of other components in the combustiblematerials.
Composition of the present invention can be easy to by preparing by suitable mixed with said components (A) with (B).Any suitable method all can be used for this purpose in this area, does not have crucial especially operational condition.For example can pass through to mix, or prepare composition by continuous mixing more easily, as what in the refinery manufacture field, take place usually in the container discontinuous that is fit to.According to one possible but unrestriced embodiment is poured a container with component (A) with (B) in the ratio that is fit to, at room temperature simply mix, until they are uniformly dispersed each other.If desired, can in obtaining (A) and premixture (B), add optional additive; Or when mixing, they may be present in one of component with appropriate amount or in two components, preferably in component (A).
According to the present invention, particularly preferably be such composition, wherein the boiling range of component (A) and mixture (B) is typical gas oil fraction, promptly 200 ℃～380 ℃, more preferably 240 ℃～360 ℃.
Though composition itself of the present invention has tangible improvement aspect lubricity, do not get rid of them and also can contain a certain amount of additives known, be used for improving oilness.Found that in this case, the lubricity of composition is than only having the mixture of component (A) and same amount additive that astonishing improvement is arranged.
More in general, with respect to gross weight, composition of the present invention can contain at the most 20% (weight), preferably at the most 10% (weight) one or more be generally used for the additive of this area, so that make composition obtain some required performance as fuel, for example viscosity modifier, antithrombotics, improve the incendiary additive, for example cetane number improver and octane enhancing additive.
Have in the preparation of compositions of improving lubricity of the present invention, these additives can indistinguishably be added in component (A) and the premixture (B), or every kind of additive can independently add or be contained among component (A) and (B) one, or, with any order described additive is added simultaneously in described component (A) with (B) in the mixing process.
Thereby have been found that common classifiable fuel for example the lubricity of intermediate oil can obtain astonishing improvement by the synthetic oxygen-free synthin cut that obtains of F.T. by adding relatively small amount.
So, second purpose of the present invention relates to a kind of method of improving the lubricity (oilness) of motor spirit, it is characterized in that, the synthin mixture that is substantially free of oxygen-containing organic compound is added in the described fuel, its consumption is 1%～25% (weight) of fuel itself, described synthin mixture makes by the method that comprises Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and boiling range is 130 ℃～380 ℃, is preferably 150 ℃～370 ℃, more preferably 240 ℃～370 ℃.
According to a preferred aspect, described fuel is specially adapted to diesel motor, mainly has the characteristic of the refining hydrocarbon mixture of formation said components (A).So the hydrocarbon mixture that is suitable for use as diesel motor fuel of the above-mentioned component (A) that particularly is defined as gas oil as preferred ingredient (A) is preferably as the fuel that is suitable for implementing present method.
According to the present invention, above-mentioned fuel also can contain one or more typical additives that is used for the middle runnings oil fuel as mentioned above.These additives are no more than 20% (weight) of fuel usually.
For the present invention, the method for being discussed comprise by the synthetic boiling range that obtains of Fischer-Tropsch and fuel basically the adding of eclipsed hydrocarbon mixture and with described fuel mix also be preferred.
The hydrocarbon mixture of component (B) characteristic by will mainly having the invention described above composition is added in the described fuel, can obtain particularly advantageous result, and more preferably the amount of Jia Ruing is 2%～15% (weight).
In order to describe the present invention and its embodiment in more detail, some embodiment are provided; But these embodiment only illustrate particular aspects more of the present invention, and never should be as the restriction to entire area of the present invention.
Embodiment
The lubricity of the composition of describing among the embodiment is estimated with the oilness measurement of HFRR (high frequency back and forth encircles) method.It is best in measuring that this method of London department of mechanical engineering of university of kingdom exploitation is considered to be suitable for the lubricity of the composition of making fuel or oilness, is that the those of skill in the art in this professional domain are familiar with.Carrying out the equipment of this measurement can buy on market.
The equipment that carries out the measurement of HFRR method is the ball that loads standard weights with top, lower stationary face swing relatively.The contact position is immersed in the fuel fully, measures on contact surface.In measuring process, the friction and the resistance of record contact position, and measure the polishing scratch on the ball when off-test.Particularly, the surveying instrument that adopts the PCS Ltd. (Britain) by London to provide has the 200g load on the AISI of diameter 6mm E-52100 steel ball, and steel ball is swung on the plate that same material is made.On 2ml fuel composition sample, measuring under 60 ℃.
In following embodiment, use the mixture that is essentially alkane, make by synthetic hydrogenation mixture cracking of wax shape and the fractionation that obtains of traditional Fischer-Tropsch by the following method.Preparation embodiment
Use prepares the synthetic gas oil that is suitable as component of the present invention (B) by the wax shape product of being made up of the straight chain hydrocarbon of following composition the (% (weight)) basically that the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis method makes: be lower than that 150 ℃ of cut 4.9 kerosene (150 ℃～260 ℃), 13.9 gas oils (260 ℃～370 ℃) 25.8 are higher than 370 ℃ of cut 55.4 alcohols (% (weight)) 4.7 sulphur and aromatic hydrocarbons does not have
By disclosed technology among the embodiment 5 of known technology, particularly EP-A 1101813 this mixture is carried out hydrocracked, treated.
At last, make gas oil (gas oil FT later in fractionation, productive rate 46%) cut in the boiling range, characteristic is as follows: HFRR (fraze, (μ m)): 607 sulphur and aromaticity content: no density 0.824Kg/dm
3250 ℃～360 ℃ oxygen levels of boiling range are lower than 0.001% (weight)
This cut is used for following examples under without further modification or additivated situation.
Embodiment 1
By following two kinds of components of different ratios being mixed 3 hydrocarbon compositions that prepare as diesel motor fuel with improvement oilness:
A) gas oil fraction that is called the refining of " gas oil A ", have following characteristic: HFRR, fraze (μ m) 407 sulphur (% (weight)) 0.8 density (15 ℃) 0.8491 aromatic hydrocarbons (% (weight)) 25.2 boiling ranges (℃) 230～370
B) mixture that is mainly alkane formed of " the gas oil FT " that makes by above-mentioned preparation embodiment.
So make be called (i), (ii) and some character of composition (iii) list in the following table 1 with component (A) and relative proportion (B).
Embodiment 2
By following two kinds of components of different ratios being mixed 4 hydrocarbon compositions that prepare as diesel motor fuel with improvement oilness:
A) be called the gas oil fraction of the refining of " gas oil B ", have following characteristic:
| HFRR, fraze (μ m) | 505 |
| Sulphur (% (weight)) | 0.023 |
| Density (15 ℃) | 0.8429 |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons (% (weight)) | 30.4 |
| Boiling range (℃) | 230～370 |
B) paraffins mixture of forming by above-mentioned " the gas oil FT " that makes.
Some character that are called (i), composition (ii), (iii) and (iv) that so make are listed in the following table 1 with component (A) and relative proportion (B).
Embodiment 3
By following two kinds of components of different ratios being mixed 3 hydrocarbon compositions that prepare as diesel motor fuel with improvement oilness:
A) be called the gas oil fraction of the refining of " gas oil C ", have following characteristic:
| HFRR, fraze (μ m) | ?675 |
| Sulphur (% (weight)) | ?0.0047 |
| Density (15 ℃) | ?0.7971 |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons (% (weight)) | ?8.8 |
| Boiling range (℃) | 230～310 |
B) paraffins mixture of forming by above-mentioned " the gas oil FT " that makes.
So make be called (i), (ii) and some character of composition (iii) list in the following table 1 with component (A) and relative proportion (B).
As what can find out from following table 1, composition of the present invention with respect to two kinds of starting ingredient components (A) and (B) all has astonishing improvement oilness (lower HFRR fraze numerical value).Under the situation shown in the embodiment 2, the improvement of oilness can reach technical indicator value HFRR＜450 μ m unexpectedly, even two kinds of starting ingredients all have higher H FRR numerical value (being respectively 505 μ m and 607 μ m).
Table 1: have the gas oil composition that improves lubricity
| Composition | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | ||||||
| " gas oil A " (weight %) | Gas oil FT (weight %) | ???HFRR ??(μm) | " gas oil B " (weight %) | Gas oil FT (weight %) | ??HFRR ?(μm) | " gas oil C " (weight %) | Gas oil FT (weight %) | ??HFRR ??(μm) | |
| Only use refinery's gas oil | ????100 | ????0 | ???407 | ????100 | ????0 | ???505 | ????100 | ????0 | ???675 |
| ????(i) | ????95 | ????5 | ???360 | ????98 | ????2 | ???436 | ????95 | ????5 | ???589 |
| ????(ii) | ????90 | ????10 | ???330 | ????90 | ????10 | ???444 | ????90 | ????10 | ???597 |
| ????(iii) | ????80 | ????20 | ???330 | ????85 | ????15 | ???457 | ????80 | ????20 | ???606 |
| ????(iv) | ????- | ????- | ???- | ????80 | ????20 | ???466 | ????- | ????- | ???- |
Claims (22)
1. as the hydrocarbon compositions of diesel motor or turbine engine fuel, wherein the boiling range of at least 80% (weight) is 150 ℃～380 ℃, is made up of the mixture of following component:
(A) with respect to (A) and gross weight (B), the hydrocarbon mixture of any refining of 80%～99% (weight), its boiling range are 150 ℃～380 ℃,
(B) with respect to (A) and gross weight (B), the hydrocarbon mixture that is substantially free of oxygen-containing organic compound that 1%～20% (weight) makes by the method that comprises Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, its boiling range are 130 ℃～380 ℃.
2. according to the composition of claim 1, amount to and contain the described component of 90%～100% (weight) (A) and (B).
3. according to the composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein said component (A) and (B) together boiling range be 200 ℃～380 ℃.
4. each composition in requiring according to aforesaid right, wherein with respect to (A) and gross weight (B), described component (A) and ratio (B) are respectively 85%～98% (weight) and 15%～2% (weight).
5. each composition in requiring according to aforesaid right, wherein said component (A) is 200 ℃～370 ℃ hydrocarbon mixture for boiling range.
6. according to the composition of claim 5, wherein said component (A) is that 240 ℃～360 ℃ nonsynthetic gas oil fraction is formed by boiling range basically.
7. each composition in requiring according to aforesaid right, the sulphur content of wherein said component (A) is lower than 1000ppm, by the weight of sulphur.
8. each composition in requiring according to aforesaid right, wherein said component (B) makes by the method that comprises at least one hydrocracking step.
9. each composition in requiring according to aforesaid right, wherein at least 50% described component (B) is made up of branched paraffin.
10. each composition in requiring according to aforesaid right, wherein said component (A) and described component (B) have eclipsed boiling range basically.
11. each composition in requiring according to aforesaid right, wherein said component (B) has following characteristic:
Cetane value＞60
Pour point＜-10 ℃
240 ℃～370 ℃ of boiling ranges
12. each composition in requiring according to aforesaid right except described component (A) with (B), with respect to gross weight, also contains at the most 20%, preferred one or more fuel product additives of 10% (weight) at the most.
13. each composition is as the application of motor spirit in the aforesaid right requirement 1～12.
14. according to the application of claim 13, as the fuel of diesel motor.
15. method of improving the lubricity of motor spirit, it is characterized in that, the synthin mixture that is substantially free of organic oxygenatedchemicals is added in the described fuel, its consumption is 1%～25% (weight) of fuel itself, described synthin mixture is with comprising that the method for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis makes, and its boiling range is 130 ℃～380 ℃, preferred 150 ℃～370 ℃.
16. according to the method for claim 15, wherein said fuel is made up of the hydrocarbon mixture of the refining of 150 ℃～380 ℃ of boiling ranges.
17. require in 15～16 each method according to aforesaid right,, add the described synthetic mixture of 2%～15% (weight) wherein with respect to described fuel.
18. require in 15～17 each method according to aforesaid right, wherein said fuel is the hydrocarbon mixture of the refining of 200 ℃～370 ℃ of boiling ranges.
19. require in 15～18 each method according to aforesaid right, the sulphur content of wherein said fuel is lower than 1000ppm, by the weight of sulphur.
20. require in 15～19 each method according to aforesaid right, wherein said synthetic mixture makes by the method that comprises at least one hydrocracking step.
21. require in 15～20 each method according to aforesaid right, wherein said fuel and described synthetic mixture have eclipsed boiling range basically.
22. require in 15～21 each method according to aforesaid right, wherein said synthetic mixture has following characteristic:
240 ℃～370 ℃ of cetane value＞60 pour points＜-10 ℃ boiling range
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2002MI001131A ITMI20021131A1 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2002-05-24 | ESSENTIAL HYDROCARBON COMPOSITIONS USED AS FUELS WITH IMPROVED LUBRICANT PROPERTIES |
| ITMI2002A001131 | 2002-05-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1459491A true CN1459491A (en) | 2003-12-03 |
| CN1459491B CN1459491B (en) | 2012-05-09 |
Family
ID=11449972
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN03136469.1A Expired - Fee Related CN1459491B (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2003-05-23 | Basic hydrocarbon-like composition with high lubricating performance usable as fuel |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040030205A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1365007B9 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5295476B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1459491B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2429289C (en) |
| IT (1) | ITMI20021131A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO335852B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2321618C2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200303912B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101410495B (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2012-07-11 | 新日本石油株式会社 | Gas oil composition |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101273116B (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2012-11-07 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Fuel compositions |
| US8475647B2 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2013-07-02 | Shell Oil Company | Diesel fuel and a method of operating a diesel engine |
| BRPI0616281A2 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2016-08-23 | Shell Int Research | process for mixing a mineral derived hydrocarbon product and a fischer-tropsch derived hydrocarbon product, mixed product, and use thereof |
| AR060143A1 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2008-05-28 | Shell Int Research | PROCESS TO PREPARE AVIATION FUEL |
| US20110100313A1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2011-05-05 | Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd | Reduction of wear in compression ignition engine |
| US8152866B2 (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2012-04-10 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Synthetic diesel fuel compositions |
| CN105567346B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2017-04-26 | 北京中燕恒成能源有限公司 | High-definition test oil and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6296757B1 (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 2001-10-02 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its production |
| US6162956A (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2000-12-19 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co | Stability Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel and a process for its production |
| US6180842B1 (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2001-01-30 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Stability fischer-tropsch diesel fuel and a process for its production |
| WO2000020535A1 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2000-04-13 | Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd | Process for producing middle distillates and middle distillates produced by that process |
| EP1101813B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2014-03-19 | ENI S.p.A. | Process for the preparation of middle distillates starting from linear paraffins |
| US6663767B1 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2003-12-16 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low sulfur, low emission blends of fischer-tropsch and conventional diesel fuels |
| AU2001255280B2 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2005-12-08 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Wide cut fischer-tropsch diesel fuels |
| AU2001255281B2 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2005-11-03 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low emissions f-t fuel/cracked stock blends |
| US6709569B2 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2004-03-23 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Methods for pre-conditioning fischer-tropsch light products preceding upgrading |
| US6949180B2 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2005-09-27 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Low toxicity Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel and process for making same |
-
2002
- 2002-05-24 IT IT2002MI001131A patent/ITMI20021131A1/en unknown
-
2003
- 2003-05-20 ZA ZA200303912A patent/ZA200303912B/en unknown
- 2003-05-20 EP EP03076501.0A patent/EP1365007B9/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-22 CA CA2429289A patent/CA2429289C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-22 US US10/443,095 patent/US20040030205A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-23 RU RU2003115347/04A patent/RU2321618C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-23 CN CN03136469.1A patent/CN1459491B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-23 NO NO20032344A patent/NO335852B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-26 JP JP2003147626A patent/JP5295476B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101410495B (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2012-07-11 | 新日本石油株式会社 | Gas oil composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2429289C (en) | 2012-04-10 |
| NO20032344L (en) | 2003-11-25 |
| ITMI20021131A0 (en) | 2002-05-24 |
| ZA200303912B (en) | 2004-03-23 |
| NO20032344D0 (en) | 2003-05-23 |
| JP5295476B2 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
| CA2429289A1 (en) | 2003-11-24 |
| EP1365007B9 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
| EP1365007B1 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
| EP1365007A1 (en) | 2003-11-26 |
| ITMI20021131A1 (en) | 2003-11-24 |
| US20040030205A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
| NO335852B1 (en) | 2015-03-09 |
| JP2004051964A (en) | 2004-02-19 |
| RU2321618C2 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| CN1459491B (en) | 2012-05-09 |
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